JPH0576201A - Method for tillage-ridging reducing eluviation of fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the eluviation of a fertilizer by ridging and simultaneously hardening the surface soil of the formed ridge. CONSTITUTION:After an upland field is tilled with a tilling member 2, a ridge is formed and the surface of the formed ridge is hardened with a ridge surface- hardening device D. Rain water flowing down the surface of the ridge is increased and the amount of the rain water impregnated into the underground is decreased, thereby holding fertilizers in the ridge and improving the yield of crops.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cultivating and ridge standing method that hardens ridge surface soil to increase the amount of surface runoff water, minimize the amount of rainwater underground infiltration, and reduce leaching of fertilizer. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Upland farming areas in southern Kyushu are located in one of the most rainy areas in Japan, which is warm, and livestock and vegetable crops are promoted as food production bases, and a large amount of manure, fertilizers and pesticides are applied. In addition, the distribution of Kuroboku-bora, a highly permeable volcanic soil, infiltrates underground infiltrated water containing fertilizer nutrients to the lower layers, and pollution of shallow groundwater in fields is becoming apparent. Looking at the cultivating and arranging work in the previous step of the actual sowing of field crops or seedling planting work, a method of mounting a ridger on a rotary cultivator and performing both cultivating work and ridge forming work at the same time, After the plowing work, most of the ridge work is done by a ridge machine. For this reason, the surface soil of the ridge is relatively soft, and rainwater easily penetrates into the ground when it rains, and the fertilizer is easily leached with it. Another problem is that the soil of the ridges easily runs away.

[0003]

When the ridge work is carried out by the ridger or the ridge machine after the tilling work as described above, firm ridges are not formed, so that fertilizer leaching or soil is not formed. The ridges are likely to collapse due to the outflow. Therefore, the development of new tillage and ridge standing methods from the viewpoint of environmental conservation is desired. Under heavy rain conditions in southern Kyushu, fertilizer leaching is remarkable. Therefore, in order to maintain a certain yield, fertilizers have to be applied more than necessary, which, on the other hand, has led to groundwater pollution, and the development of fertilizer leaching prevention technology is urgently needed. .. In addition, the soil in this region is a fine-grained Kuroboku soil of volcanic soil, which is more edible than soils in other regions, which is a problem from the viewpoint of arable soil conservation. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tilling / row-raising method that reduces leaching of fertilizer.

[0004]

In order to achieve this object, the present invention states that rainfall is the main factor of fertilizer leaching, and that it is effective as a fertilizer leaching mitigation measure to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the ground as much as possible. Focusing on the knowledge, tillage / cultivation in the process of sowing of field crops requiring seedling or floor formation with seedlings
By hardening the ridge surface soil at the same time as the ridge work, and by hardening the ridge surface soil, the surface runoff water is increased, the amount of rainwater infiltration is suppressed as much as possible, and the leaching of fertilizer can be minimized. ..

[0005]

According to the method of the present invention, first, the field is cultivated by the cultivating part such as the rotary of the tractor working machine, and then the ridges are used as the seedbeds of the field crops or the ridges as seedbeds. .. Then, the surface of the ridge is hardened by the ridge surface hardening device connected to the rotary type tiller for the tractor. By doing so, the amount of surface runoff water increases, the amount of rainwater underground infiltration can be suppressed as much as possible, and the leaching of fertilizer can be minimized.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for carrying out a tilling and ridge standing method for reducing fertilizer leaching according to the present invention. Reference numeral T is a riding type tractor, and this tractor T
Is a tilling part 2 such as a rotary tiller, via a hitch part 1 such as a three-point link hitch mechanism at the rear of the machine body.
The ridge portion 3 including the ridge molding plate, the ridge surface hardening device D, and the like are attached.

The ridge surface hardening device D is connected to the tilling part 2 and the ridge adjusting part 3 by the connecting mechanism 4, and the structure thereof is as shown in FIG. It is a mechanism for hardening the surface of the ridge by the vertical movement of the plate 5. Further, the ridge surface hardening device D is composed of a portable generator 7 and a vibrating section 8, and the vibration generating action of the vibrating section 8 vertically vibrates the ridge striking plate 5 via the push springs 6a and 6b. The ridge surface can be cured.

If the degree of hardening of the ridge surface by the ridge surface hardening device D is indicated by soil hardness, it is 4 in the Yamanaka hardness tester.
It is about 10 mm. On the other hand, when the ridges are formed by the ridger after the rotary tillage, the hardness is almost undisplayable, indicating that the ridge surface hardening device is harder than the tillage by the rotary or the like. Further, the ridge surface hardening device D can be attached to and detached from the tractor T and can be used alone for ridges that have only been cultivated and made.

Further, according to the present invention, as shown in the sectional view of the ridge of FIG. 3, the plow groove formed during plowing work is crushed by the wheels of the tractor and the lower part of the soil layer is compressed. It is also possible to further improve the fertilizer leaching effect by synergizing the ridge surface hardening of the present invention with respect to a field field where a temporary impermeable layer is formed and rainwater penetration into the soil is controlled. ..

When work is performed in a field using the cultivating section 2, the ridged section 3, and the ridge surface hardening device D having the above-described structure, the cultivating section 2 first cultivates the lands, and then the ridged section. A ridge as a seed bed or a seedling planting bed for field crops is formed by the ridge forming plate of 3. Then, the surface of the ridge (the upper surface B of the ridge, the side surfaces C, C of the ridge) is cured by the vertical movement of the ridge striking plate 5 of the ridge surface hardening device D connected to the tractor working machine. By doing so, the surface of the ridge is hardened, the amount of groundwater runoff increases, the amount of rainwater infiltrating underground can be suppressed as much as possible, and the leaching of fertilizer can be minimized.

As described above, since the surface of the ridge is hardened, it has a surface capable of coping with other highly erosive soils other than the above-mentioned fine-grained Kuroboku soil of volcanic soil. By the way, Kuroboku soil has a property of being difficult to compact, and the degree of hardening is affected by soil moisture at the time of tilling and uplifting. In the present invention, as an example, when row cultivation for sweet potatoes is carried out, as shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the gas phase rate decreases and hardens as the soil water content increases. Moreover, it was found that the inside of the ridge was slightly harder because the vapor phase rate was higher as it was closer to the ridge surface.

[Table 1]

In the ridge surface hardening method according to the present invention, since the core of the ridge is not compacted, the growth of sweet potato has been observed. Next, the results of the present invention are shown in Tables 2 and 3 in comparison with the conventional example. In addition, the reference example in the table shows the case where the crevice suppression and the ridge surface hardening are combined.

Table 2 shows the fertilizer leaching effect. According to the method of the present invention, 30 cm and 6
The nitrate nitrogen concentration at the 0 cm position hardly changed with time. On the other hand, in the conventional example, at the position of 30 cm, it decreased by 40% from the initial value, and conversely, at the position of 60 cm, it increased about 2.6 times, indicating that the fertilizer was leached to the lower layer. .. That is, the method according to the invention is
It shows that the fertilizer leaching reduction effect is large compared to the conventional open field cultivation of the conventional example.

Table 3 compares the underground infiltration amount of rainwater under the condition that the soil surface is inundated due to the heavy rain during the rainy season with the conventional example (conventional open-field cultivation). In this case, the method according to the present invention is 7
The surface runoff was as large as 2.6 mm, and therefore the subsurface infiltration amount showed a value as small as 95% compared to the conventional example. Furthermore, when the combination of squeeze groove suppression and ridge surface hardening is combined, the amount of underground infiltration is 89% of the conventional example, which is 11% compared to the conventional example.
%, The combination of soil surface hardening of ridges and squeeze groove suppression significantly reduced the underground infiltration of rainwater. Further, since the method according to the present invention hardens the surface of the ridge, it is considered that the ridge is remarkably less collapsed even when a large amount of rainfall occurs during the rainy season.

[0015]

[Table 2] Note) 1. Crop of the example is sweet potato, 30c from the ridge surface
m, measured at a position 60 cm below. 2. Concentration before rainfall on June 14th and concentration after rainfall on June 15th and 16th. 3. The reference example is a combination of crush groove suppression and ridge surface hardening.

[0016]

[Table 3] Note) 1. Rainfall is 319 mm (June 26-July 3)
Day). 2. Subsurface infiltration = Rainfall-Surface outflow-Evapotranspiration 3. The values in parentheses are shown with the conventional example set to 100%. 4. The reference example is a case of combining crevice suppression and ridge surface treatment.

[0017]

As described above, according to the tilling and ridge standing method for reducing fertilizer leaching according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. It can reduce the leaching of fertilizer into shallow groundwater. For this reason, most of the applied fertilizer can be retained in the ridges, and improvement in crop yield can be expected. Since the leaching of the fertilizer can be reduced, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, so that it is not necessary to apply a large amount of fertilizer and the material can be saved. Furthermore, the present invention is considered to have a possibility that soil erosion can be reduced for upland cultivation of Kuroboku soil with an eating system, which is a technique that can be sufficiently coped with by individual farmers. Useful for future cultivation soil conservation and environmental conservation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a tilling / rowing device for reducing fertilizer leaching according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of a tilling and ridger device for reducing fertilizer leaching according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a mode of surface hardening on a ridge by the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Hitch part T Tractor 2 Tillage part A Compressed layer 3 Ridging part B Top surface of ridge 4 Coupling mechanism C Side of ridge 5 Ridge striking plate D Ridge surface hardening device 6a, 6b Push spring GL Grand line 7 Portable power generation Machine 8 Excitation section

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor, Hisashi Hosokawa, No. 15, 4-chome, Takao, Miyakonojo-shi, Miyazaki Prefecture (72) Inventor, Kazuhiko Oba, Nishigoshi-cho, Kikuchi-gun, Kumamoto 2421 Minamijuku

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cultivating / pitching process of cultivating soil at the same time as cultivating the soil in the cultivating / pitching work process before the step of sowing or seedling planting work of field crops requiring ridger. At the same time, the ridge surface soil is hardened at the same time as the ridges are raised, and by hardening the ridge surface soil, rainwater on the ground surface is increased, and the amount of permeated water into the soil is reduced to reduce fertilizer leaching. Tillage and ridge standing method that reduces leaching of fertilizer characterized by