JPH05678A - Steering gear and drive transmitting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a steering gear capable of turning a vehicle in a narrow place such as a parking lot, blind alley, while providing high maneuverability. CONSTITUTION:Respective front wheels 1, 2 and rear wheels 30, 31 are mounted to be independently steered. There are provided a spin steering mechanism (cylinders 13, 44, link mechanisms R, Q) for steering respective wheels to direct axels of respective wheels to the center position P of a car body and an Ackermann steering gear (pitman arm 21, link mechanism R, idler arm 20) for steering the front wheels 1, 2 according to the Ackermann system.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a steering device for spin-turning a vehicle and turning the vehicle even in a narrow place such as a parking lot or a dead end, and a spin-turning device for turning the vehicle. And a drive transmission device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a vehicle such as a four-wheeled vehicle or a passenger car or a truck is provided with an Ackermann type steering mechanism.

Such a steering mechanism steers the front wheels, which are steering wheels when the steering wheel is operated, so that the inner wheel on the inner side has a larger steering angle than the outer wheel on the outer side. . This allows the vehicle to turn smoothly without slipping any of the wheels, resulting in high maneuverability.

[0004]

However, in the conventional steering mechanism, since only the front wheels are steered, the turning radius becomes large and a large space is required. Therefore, there is a problem that the vehicle cannot be turned in a narrow place such as a parking lot or a dead end, and it is very inconvenient when parking or making a U-turn.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to enable a vehicle to turn in a narrow place such as a parking lot or a dead end, and to obtain high maneuverability. A rudder device and a drive transmission device for spin-turning a vehicle.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention mounts the front wheels and the rear wheels so that they can be steered independently of each other, and the axles of the respective wheels face the center position of the vehicle body. As described above, a spin steering mechanism and a drive transmission device that steer each wheel, and an Ackermann steering mechanism that steers the front wheels in an Ackermann system are provided.

Further, according to the present invention, a wheel drive shaft is provided.
A drive transmission device comprising a differential device having two side gears facing each other and a planetary gear meshing with the side gears, wherein rotational force is transmitted to the planetary gears to rotate the planetary gears around a wheel drive shaft. The first transmission means, the second transmission means for transmitting the rotational force to the side gears to rotate the right drive wheel and the left drive wheel in opposite directions, and the rotational force of the engine for the first transmission means and the second transmission means. And a switching means for transmitting to either one.

[0008]

According to the present invention, since the wheels are steered by the spin steering mechanism so that the axles thereof face the center position of the vehicle body, the vehicle can turn around the center position. it can. Further, since the front wheels can be steered by the Ackermann method, high maneuverability can be obtained.

Further, according to the present invention, when the rotational force of the engine is transmitted to the first transmission means by the switching means, the planetary gear of the differential device rotates around the wheel drive shaft, and the left and right drive wheels are differentially rotated by this rotation. Rotate as possible. Further, when the rotational force of the engine is transmitted to the second transmission means by the switching means, one side gear of the differential device is directly rotated by the second transmission means. Since the other side gear is rotated via the planetary gear, the left and right drive wheels rotate in opposite directions.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a steering device and a drive transmission device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote front wheels which are steered around the kingpins 3 and 4, respectively, and these front wheels 1 and 2 can be steered in different directions. Reference numeral 5 denotes an axle beam that rotatably holds the kingpins 3 and 4 at both ends, and the weight of the vehicle body 6 is applied to the axle beam 5.

Reference numerals 7 and 8 denote knuckle arms for steering the front wheels 1 and 2. The front end portions 7a and 8a of the knuckle arms 7 and 8 are attached to the kingpins 3 and 4, and the front wheels 1 and 2 are also attached.
It is attached to the wheels 9 and 10. The rear ends of the knuckle arms 7 and 8 are pivotally attached to the tips of the tie rods 11 and 12, and the rear ends of the tie rods 11 and 12 are the cylinder rods 14 of the cylinder 13.
It is pivotally attached to 15. Then, the knuckle arms 7 and 8 and the tie rods 11 and 12 constitute a link mechanism R, and the forward movement of the cylinder rods 14 and 15 causes the front wheels 1 and 2 to move through the link mechanism R as shown in FIG. The spindles (axles) 17 and 18 are steered so as to face the center P of the vehicle body 6.

A tip of an idler arm 20 is pivotally attached to one end of the cylinder 13 (on the right side in FIG. 1).
The rear end of 20 is pivotally attached to a frame (not shown) of the vehicle body 6. Further, the tip of the pitman arm 21 is pivotally attached to the other end of the cylinder 13, and the pitman arm 21 is adapted to rotate with the rear end portion 21a as a fulcrum. When the pitman arm 21 rotates, The cylinder 13 moves left and right according to the rotation.

When the handle 22 is rotated, the pitman arm 21 is moved by the gear in the gear box 23 to the rear end thereof.
It rotates about 21a as a fulcrum. When the handle 22 is rotated clockwise, it is rotated leftward, and when the handle 22 is rotated counterclockwise, it is rotated rightward.

When the cylinder 13 is moved to the left by the rotation of the pitman arm 21, as shown in FIG.
Is steered to the right. In this case, the front wheels 2 that are the inner wheels are steered more than the front wheels 1 that are the outer wheels.

When the cylinder 13 moves to the right, the front wheels 1 and 2 are steered to the left (not shown). In this case, front wheel 1
Is steered more than the front wheels 2. Then, the pitman arm 21, the link mechanism R, the cylinder 13, and the idler arm 20.
The Ackermann steering mechanism is composed of the above.

Further, in FIG. 1, reference numerals 30 and 31 are rear wheels, and axles 32 and 33 of the rear wheels 30 and 31 are connected to axle shafts 36 and 37 via universal joints 34 and 35. 38 is a differential, 3
Reference numeral 9 denotes a traveling drive shaft, which transmits the rotation of the traveling drive shaft 39 to the axle shafts 36, 37 via the differential device 38 to rotate the rear wheels 30, 31. The weight of the vehicle body 6 is applied to the axle shafts 36 and 37.

The axles 32, 33 of the rear wheels 30, 31 are knuckle arms.
The knuckle arms 40, 41 are pivotally attached to the tips of the tie rods 42, 43, while the rear ends of the tie rods 42, 43 are pivotally attached to the cylinder rods 45, 46 of the cylinder 44. It is worn. And knuckle arm 4
0, 41 and tie rods 42, 43 form a link mechanism Q. With this link mechanism Q, cylinder rods 45, 46
When the vehicle moves forward, the rear wheels 30,31 turn around the universal joints 34,35 and steer the axles 32,33 so as to face the center P of the vehicle body 6, as shown in FIG. There is.

The cylinders 13 and 44 and the link mechanisms R and Q
The spin steering mechanism is composed of and.

FIG. 2 shows a drive transmission device for driving the rear wheels 30 and 31 such that the drive wheels can be differentiated during traveling and the rear wheels 30 and 31 rotate in opposite directions during a spin turn. . In FIG. 2, reference numeral 50 denotes a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by the engine 52 via the transmission 51,
Gears 53, 5 are provided at the middle and the tip of the drive shaft 50.
4 is mounted free of rotation of the drive shaft 50. Further, teeth 53a and 54a are formed on the lower surface of the gear 53 (in FIG. 2) and the upper surface of the gear 54, respectively.

Further, a meshing clutch portion 55 is attached between the gears 53, 54 of the drive shaft 50 so as to be vertically movable (in FIG. 2), and each gear 53 is provided on the upper and lower surfaces (in FIG. 2) of the meshing clutch portion 55. Teeth that mesh with teeth 53a, 54a formed on
56, 57 are formed. The meshing clutch portion 55 and the gears 53, 54 and the like constitute a switching clutch (switching means).

The meshing clutch portion 55 includes the drive shaft 50.
It is possible to move up and down by a spline 50a formed between the gears 53, 54, and to rotate integrally with the drive shaft 50. The mesh clutch 55 is moved by operating the switching lever 58, and the mesh clutch 55 is moved upward to form the teeth 56 on the gear 53.
When the gear 53 is meshed with the gear 53a, the gear 53 rotates together with the rotation of the mesh clutch portion 55.

A lock gear 59 is fixed to the switching lever 58, and the meshing clutch portion 55 is lowered so that the teeth 57 of the meshing clutch portion 55 are replaced with the teeth 54a formed on the upper surface of the gear 54, as shown in FIG. When engaged, the lock gear 59 is fixed to the gear 61 fixed to the traveling drive shaft 60 and the gear 53 mounted in a state free from the rotation of the drive shaft 50.
Mesh with each other to lock the gear 61. On the other hand, the gear 54 rotates together with the meshing clutch portion 55 due to the meshing of the teeth 57 of the meshing clutch portion 55 and the teeth 54a of the gear 54.

A pinion 62 is attached to the tip of the traveling drive shaft 60.
Mounted, ring gear for pinion 62 and differential 38
63 meshes with. The gear 61, the traveling drive shaft 60, and the pinion 62 form a first transmission means.

Reference numeral 64 is a planetary gear, and 65 and 66 are side gears meshing with the planetary gear 64.
The rotation of the pinion 62, ring gear 63, planetary gear 64
It is adapted to be transmitted to the side gears 65, 66 via.

The differential device 38 comprises a ring gear 63, a planetary gear 64, side gears 65, 66 and the like.

The spin turn drive shaft 67 includes a gear 54
A gear 69 that meshes with the side gear 66 and a pinion 68 that meshes with the side gear 66 are attached. With these configurations,
When the spin turn drive shaft 67 rotates, the pinion 68
This causes the side gear 66 to rotate. When the side gear 66 rotates due to the rotation of the spin-turn drive shaft 67, the planetary gear 64 causes the side gear 65 to rotate in the opposite direction.

The spin-turn drive shaft 67, the pinion 68 and the gear 69 constitute a second transmission means.

Next, the operation of the steering device constructed as described above will be described.

When going straight, as shown in FIG. 1, the cylinder rods 14, 15, 45 and 46 of the cylinders 13 and 44 are retracted and the handle 22 is not operated. As a result, the front wheels 1 and 2 and the rear wheels 30 and 31 are not steered as shown in FIG. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the switching lever 58 is operated to mesh the teeth 56 of the meshing clutch portion 55 with the teeth 53a formed on the lower surface of the gear 53. Then drive shaft 5
The rotation of 0 is transmitted to the gear 53, and the traveling drive shaft 60 rotates via the gear 61.

In this case, the gear 54 is free from the rotation of the drive shaft 50, so that the drive shaft 50 does not rotate.

The rotation of the traveling drive shaft 60 is caused by rotation of the pinion 62,
Ring gear 63, planetary gear 64 and side gear 65,
It is differentially transmitted to the axle shafts 36, 37 via 66, whereby the rear wheels 30, 31 rotate and the vehicle goes straight.

When the handle 22 is rotated clockwise from this state, as shown in FIG. 4, the pitman arm 21 rotates counterclockwise and the cylinder 13 moves from the position shown in FIG.
Move to the position to the left as shown in. By this movement, the front wheels 1 and 2 are steered to the right as shown in FIG.

Similarly, when the handle 22 is rotated counterclockwise, the pitman arm 21 is rotated clockwise to move the cylinder 13 to the right position, and the front wheels 1 and 2 are steered to the left. (Not shown).

That is, the front wheels 1 and 2 are steered by the Ackermann system by rotating the steering wheel 22, and high maneuverability is obtained.

When performing a spin turn, the front wheels 1,
2, the cylinder rods 14, 15, 45, 46 of the cylinders 13, 44 are moved forward. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the front wheels 1, 2 and the rear wheels 30, 31 have their axles 17, 18, 3
2,33 are steered to face the center P of the vehicle.

Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the switching lever 58
To disengage the dog clutch 55 from the gear 53,
The teeth 57 of the dog clutch 55 are formed on the upper surface of the gear 54.
mesh with a. At this time, the lock gear 59 meshes with the gear 61 fixed to the traveling drive shaft 60 and the gear 53 attached in a state free from the rotation of the drive shaft 50, so that the gear 61 is locked. Further, the gear 53 does not rotate due to the rotation of the traveling drive shaft 60 because the dog clutch portion 55 is disengaged.

The gear 54 rotates with the rotation of the drive shaft 50 due to the meshing of the teeth 54a formed on the upper surface with the teeth 57 of the meshing clutch portion 55, and this rotation is transmitted through the gear 68, the spin turn drive shaft 67 and the pinion 68. Side gear 66
And the axle shaft 37 rotates. When the side gear 66 rotates, the planetary gear 64 causes the side gear 65 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the axle shaft 36 rotates in the opposite direction.

That is, the rear wheels 32, 33 rotate in the directions of the arrows shown in FIG. 5, and the vehicle spins around the center P as a fulcrum. This embodiment is characterized in that it is necessary to stop the vehicle once when making a spin turn, but it is possible to travel while making the rear wheels differential.

In this way, the vehicle can make a spin turn with the center P as a fulcrum, so that the parking lot, dead end,
It is very convenient because the vehicle can be easily turned in a narrower space than before, such as passageways, open spaces, and gardens. In addition, since the vehicle can be turned in the forward traveling mode, the safety and traveling performance of a general vehicle are improved.

Furthermore, when changing the course at the intersection of a narrow passage, a spin turn can be performed to eliminate the need for turning back the steering wheel, which improves the starting performance.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the transmission drive device. In this embodiment, although a differential cannot be made during traveling, a spin turn is possible without temporarily stopping the vehicle.

In FIG. 6, 71 is a drive pinion provided on the drive shaft 50, and 72 and 73 are drive pinions 71.
A ring gear that meshes with, which is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 74. 75 is a ring gear 72,73
A spline clutch provided on the drive shaft 74 between them, which is adapted to rotate together with the drive shaft 74 and to be movable left and right by a switching lever (not shown).

When the spline clutch 75 is moved to the right, the spline 75a of the spline clutch 75 meshes with the spline 72a provided inside the ring gear 72 so that the spline clutch 74 rotates together with the ring gear 72. . Similarly, when the spline clutch 75 is moved to the left, the spline 75b of the spline clutch 75 meshes with the spline 73a provided inside the ring gear 73, and the spline clutch 75 rotates together with the ring gear 73. Then, the drive shaft 74 rotates as the spline clutch 75 rotates.

76 and 81 are side gears rotatably provided at both ends of the drive shaft 74, and 77 and 82 are drive shafts 7.
A gear clutch for transmitting the rotation of 4 to the side gears 76, 81. 78,83 is a center drive gear meshed with the side gears 76,81, 79,84 is an axle drive gear meshed with the center drive gears 78,83, which are provided on the axle shafts 80,86. It rotates together with 86.

The axle shafts 80 and 86 are provided with differential side gears 91 and 92 which rotate together with the axle shafts 80 and 86, at positions separated from each other by a predetermined distance.
Planetary gears 93, 94 meshing with the differential side gears 91, 92 are provided between the differential side gears 91, 92. The shafts 93a, 94a of the planetary gears 93, 94 are rotatably attached to the support portions 96, 97 of the ring gear 95. The ring gear 95 is rotatably provided on the axle shaft 86 and meshes with the brake pinion 98. 99 is a drum brake.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

When moving forward, the side gear 77 connects the side gear 76 and the drive shaft 74. Further, the side clutch 82 connects the side gear 81 and the drive shaft 74. Then, the spline clutch 75 is moved to the right by the switching lever, and the spline 75a of the spline clutch 75 and the spline 7 of the ring gear 72 are moved.
Mesh with 2a. Due to this engagement, the drive shaft
The rotation of 50 is transmitted to the side gear 76 via the drive pinion 71, the ring gear 72, the spline clutch 75, the drive shaft 74 and the side clutch 77, and at the same time, transmitted to the side gear 81 via the side clutch 82.

The side gears 76, 81 rotate in the direction of arrow F when the drive shaft 50 rotates clockwise as indicated by the arrow. This rotation is
Center drive gear 78,83, axle drive gear 79,84
To the axle shafts 80 and 86, and the axle shafts 80 and 86 rotate in the same direction as the arrow F direction. This causes the vehicle to move forward.

When retreating, the side clutch 82 connects the side gear 81 and the drive shaft 74,
The side clutch 77 connects the side gear 76 and the drive shaft 74. Then, the spline clutch 75 is moved to the left by the switching lever to engage the spline 75b of the spline clutch 75 with the spline 73a of the ring gear 73. Due to this engagement, the rotation of the drive shaft 50 causes the drive pinion 71, the ring gear 73, the spline clutch 75, the drive shaft 74 and the side clutch 7 to rotate.
Transmitted to the side gears 76, 81 via 7, 82,
The rotation of 81 rotates in the direction of arrow G.

This rotation is transmitted through the center drive gears 78, 83 and axle drive gears 79, 84 to the axle shaft 80,
When transmitted to 86, the axle shafts 80, 86 and the differential side gears 91, 92 rotate in the same direction as the arrow G direction. This causes the vehicle to move backward.

In the case of a spin turn, the drum brake 99 is operated to fix the brake pinion 98. By this fixing, the ring gear 95 is fixed, so that the differential pinion 93, 94 is the differential side gear 91,
The rotation of 92 causes the shafts 93a and 94a to rotate about fulcrums.

At the time of spin turn, first the side clutch 82
And turn on the drum brake 99. The side gear 76 and the drive shaft 74 are connected by the side clutch 77. Then, the switching lever moves the spline clutch 75 to the right to mesh the spline 75a of the spline clutch 75 with the spline 72a of the ring gear 72. Due to this engagement, the rotation of the drive shaft 50 causes the drive pinion 71, the ring gear 72, the spline clutch 75,
It is transmitted to the side gear 76 via the drive shaft 74 and the side clutch 77.

The side gear 76 rotates in the direction of arrow F when the drive shaft 50 rotates clockwise as shown by the arrow. This rotation is transmitted to the axle shaft 80 via the center drive gear 78 and the axle drive gear 79, and the axle shaft 80 indicates the arrow F.
Rotate in the same direction.

By the rotation of the axle shaft 80,
The differential side gear 91 rotates in the same direction as the arrow F direction.

On the other hand, since the drum brake 99 operates and the brake pinion 98 and the ring gear 95 are fixed, the planetary gears 93, 94 rotate about the shafts 93a, 94 as the fulcrum by the rotation of the differential side gear 91, The differential gear 92 rotates in the direction opposite to the arrow direction, and the axle shaft 86 rotates in the direction opposite to the axle shaft 80. Therefore, when the wheels 1, 2, 30, 31 are steered to the state shown in FIG. 5, the vehicle spin-turns counterclockwise with the center P as the fulcrum.

If the clutch 77 is disengaged and the clutch 82 is engaged, the vehicle spin-turns in the opposite clockwise direction.

In this embodiment, the rear wheels cannot be made differential, but the vehicle can be spun from the running state without being temporarily stopped. However, since there is a possibility that a ringing will occur on the ground when turning, it is suitable for special vehicles for transportation such as agriculture, forestry, civil engineering, construction, etc. that are not a problem, work and spraying chemicals in orchards. ing.

According to the present invention, a vehicle can be easily turned in a narrower space than before, such as a parking lot, a dead end, a passageway, an open space, and a garden, which is very convenient. Further, since the vehicle can be turned in the forward traveling mode, safety and traveling performance are improved.

Furthermore, when changing the course at the intersection of a narrow passage, a spin turn can be performed to eliminate the need for turning back the steering wheel, and the startability is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the configuration of a steering apparatus according to the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a transmission mechanism for rotating a rear wheel,

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a transmission mechanism for rotating a rear wheel,

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a steering device showing a state in which front wheels are steered,

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a state in which front wheels and rear wheels are steered when a spin turn is performed,

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a transmission mechanism of another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols] 1,2 front wheels 13,44 cylinders 20 idler arm 21 Pitman Arm 30,31 rear wheels R link mechanism Q link mechanism

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (71) Applicant 000235923             Mitsuhisa Hikita             1632-20 Mure, Mure-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa Prefecture             Platform (71) Applicant 000238441             Yasuo Takeda             937-21 Asano, Kagawa-cho, Kagawa-gun, Kagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Takeshi Imoto             4 368 Ichinomiyacho, Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Jun Iga             535-2 Takamatsucho, Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Jun Yamashita             51-128 Fukukakucho, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture (72) Inventor Nobuto Sato             52-30 Ryuo, Aibatake, Ishii-cho, Meisai-gun, Tokushima Prefecture (72) Inventor Mitsuhisa Hikita             1632-20 Mure, Mure Town, Kida District, Kagawa Prefecture             Housing complex (72) Inventor Yasuo Takeda             937-21 Asano, Kagawa-cho, Kagawa-gun, Kagawa Prefecture

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A spin steering mechanism in which front wheels and rear wheels are mounted so that they can be independently steered, and each wheel is steered so that an axle of each wheel faces a center position of a vehicle body. A steering apparatus comprising an Ackermann steering mechanism for steering the front wheels in an Ackermann system. 2. A drive transmission device comprising a differential device having two opposed side gears provided with wheel drive shafts and planetary gears meshing with the side gears, wherein rotational force is transmitted to the planetary gears. First transmission means for rotating the planetary gears around the wheel drive shaft, second transmission means for transmitting the rotational force to the side gears to rotate the right drive wheel and the left drive wheel in opposite directions, and the rotational force of the engine. A drive transmission device, comprising: a switching unit that transmits one of the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit.