JPH0560713U - Spindle tool attachment / detachment device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Object] The present invention is to provide a spindle tool attaching / detaching device in which the tool exchanging operation time for the spindle is shortened. [Structure] A push rod 4 is inserted into a shaft hole 3 of a rotatable cylindrical main shaft 2 by a spring 12 so that the push rod 4 is always urged in the backward direction so that the push rod 4 can move forward and backward.
Hold the tool holder 6 at the front end of the
A collet chuck 8 made of an elastic material having elasticity in the closing direction is attached to clamp the spring 1 on the outer circumference of the push rod 4 and the collet chuck 8.
8, a sleeve 9 which is always biased in the forward direction is fitted so as to be able to move forward and backward in the axial direction, and an unclamping cylinder 15 that moves the sleeve 9 backward and a tool pressing cylinder that moves the push rod 4 forward. And 19 are provided.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a spindle tool attaching / detaching device for a machine tool.

[0002]

[Prior Art]

 As a tool attachment / detachment device for the spindle, a collet chuck that holds the tool holder is installed at one end of the drawbar that is slidably fitted in the axial hole of the cylindrical spindle, and this drawbar is always used as a clamping spring. A general structure is one in which a tightening / loosening cylinder for actuating the draw bar is provided at the other end of the main shaft by pushing in the tool clamping direction.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 In the above-mentioned conventional tool attaching / detaching / changing device, when the tool is unclamped, the tightening / loosening cylinder is operated to loosen the clamping spring and open the collet chuck. Therefore, during the automatic tool change cycle, the tool tightening and loosening cylinder operating time is required, and the automatic tool change time is long.

An object of the present invention is to provide a tool attaching / detaching device which enables clamping and unclamping of a tool without using a tightening / loosening cylinder, and which solves the conventional problems.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 A feature of the present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object is that a cylindrical spindle rotatably supported by a spindle head is inserted through a shaft hole so as to be able to move forward and backward in the axial direction of the spindle, and is always attached in a backward and backward direction by a spring. A biased push rod, a collet chuck that is equipped at the front end of the push rod and is made of an elastic body that has elasticity in the closing direction to grip the tool holder and clamp the tool holder on the spindle, Collet: A sleeve that is fitted to the outer circumference of the chuck so that it can move forward and backward in the axial direction, and is always urged in the forward direction by a spring, an unclamping cylinder that moves the sleeve backward, and a tool that moves the push rod forward. It is equipped with a pressing cylinder.

[0006]

[Action]

 With the above configuration, by moving the sleeve backward, the collet chuck can be elastically expanded, and when the tool is pressed by the push rod, the collet chuck that is elastic in the closing direction is expanded. The tool can be pulled out, and the collet chuck elastically expands and contracts when the tool is attached to the spindle, gripping the tool with the elastic force of the collet chuck itself in the closing direction, and expanding the collet chuck by moving the sleeve forward. Block and clamp.

[0007]

【Example】

 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1, reference numeral 1 is a spindle head, and 2 is a cylindrical spindle that is rotatably supported by the spindle head 1 via a bearing. A push rod 4 is inserted into the shaft hole 3 of the main shaft 2 so as to be movable back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft 2.

A collet chuck 8 for holding a pull stat 7 projecting from the tool holder 6 at the front end of the push rod 4, that is, the end of the main shaft 2 for fixing the tool holder 6 on the side of the tapered hole 5 side. Is attached.

The collet chuck 8 is made of an elastic material, such as spring steel, which has elastic force in the closing direction for gripping the pull stat 7, and can be expanded by an external force in the axial direction of the pull stat 7 which is greater than the elastic force. To do.

A spring receiver 10 is fitted near the rear end of the push rod 4, and is positioned so as to abut a nut 11 screwed to the push rod 4.

A sleeve 9 fitted forward and backward with respect to the shaft hole 3 of the main shaft 2 is inserted into the outer circumferences of the push rod 4 and the collet chuck 8 while being constantly biased in the forward direction by a spring 18. There is. A stopper 11 is fixed to the rear end of the sleeve 9.

A disc spring 12 is interposed between the front end of the sleeve 9 and a spring receiver 10 fitted to the push rod 4, and the disc spring 12 keeps the push rod 4 always in the backward direction. Pressed and urged.

Two drive gears 13a and 13b having different numbers of teeth are fixed to the main shaft 2, and a shift gear 13c for shifting is meshed with the drive gears 13a and 13b to change the speed of the main shaft 2. It is like this.

Reference numeral 14 denotes an unclamping device main body fixed to the spindle head 1 at the rear end portions of the push rod 4 and the sleeve 9. The unclamping device main body 14 has an unclamping cylinder 15 provided with pressure fluid supply / discharge ports A and B. Inside the unclamping cylinder 15, an unclamping piston 16 moves the sleeve 9 forward and backward. It is slidably inserted in the same direction as the moving direction. The unclamping piston 16 has an engaging portion 16a formed at a front end thereof, and a stopper 11 fixedly provided at a rear end of the sleeve 9 is engaged with the engaging portion 16a.

Reference numeral 19 is a tool pressing cylinder fixed to the unclamping device main body 14 at the rear end of the push rod 4. A piston 20 is inserted into the tool pressing cylinder 19 so as to move forward and backward coaxially with the push rod 4 and to push the push rod 4 forward in forward movement. In addition, C and D represent the supply / discharge ports of the pressure fluid to the tool pressing cylinder 19.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. The drawing shows a clamped state in which the tool holder 6 is fixed to the spindle 2. The operation of releasing this will be described. First, the unclamping piston 16 of the unclamping cylinder 15 is moved backward. By the backward movement of the unclamping piston 16, the sleeve 9 is moved backward through the engaging portion 16a and the stopper 17 engaged with the engaging portion 16a.

Due to the backward movement of the sleeve 9, the collet chuck 8 whose outer periphery has been covered by the sleeve 9 is exposed from the tip of the sleeve 9.

The disc spring 12 is compressed by the backward movement of the sleeve 9 and a spring force in the backward direction acts on the push rod 4, but the push rod 4 has a rear end located at the backward end. Since the piston rod 20 is in contact with the front end of the piston 20, the backward movement of the push rod is restricted. Therefore, the relative movement of the sleeve 9 and the push rod 4 keeps the collet chuck 8 exposed and the collet chuck 8 The tool holder 6 is gripped by the elastic force in the closing direction to prevent the tool holder 6 from falling off.

When the tool holder 6 is pulled out from the spindle 2 by the automatic tool changer in the above state, the piston 20 of the tool pressing cylinder 19 is moved forward and the push rod 4 is moved forward. As a result, the push rod 4 presses the pull stat 7 of the tool holder 6 and moves the tool holder 6 forward. At this time, the collet chuck 8 which is always elastically biased in the closing direction is expanded by the pull-stat 7 against the elasticity in the closing direction. Then, the bite between the taper shank of the tool holder 6 and the taper hole 5 of the main shaft 2 is released, and the tool holder 6 is smoothly withdrawn. The piston 20 of the tool pressing cylinder 19 is immediately returned to the retracted end.

With the tool holder 6 pulled out, another tool holder 6 is attached to the spindle 2. At this time, the closed collet chuck 8 is expanded by pushing the pull-stat 7, and the pull-stat 7 passes through the narrowed portion of the collet chuck 8 and elastically returns in the closing direction to grip the pull-stat 7.

After that, the unclamping piston 16 of the unclamping cylinder 15 is moved forward. As a result, the spring force of the disc spring 12 advances the sleeve 9, a backward force is applied to the push rod 4, and the tool holder 6 gripped by the collet chuck 8 is crimped and fixed to the taper hole 5 of the spindle 2. Reference numeral 8 holds the clamped state by restraining the expansion by a sleeve 9 covering the outer circumference thereof.

Further, by operating the unclamping cylinder 15 and moving the sleeve 9 from the outer circumference of the collet chuck 8, the collet chuck 8 can be easily opened only by applying an external force to the tool holder 6, so that the collet chuck 8 can be manually operated. It is also possible to convert the tool.

[0023]

[Effect of the device]

 As described above, according to the present invention, the push rod is constantly urged in the backward direction by the spring into the shaft hole of the cylindrical spindle rotatably supported by the spindle head so that the push rod can be moved forward and backward in the spindle axis direction. To hold the tool holder on the front end of the push rod and clamp the tool holder to the spindle, a collet chuck made of an elastic body that has elastic force in the closing direction is attached, and the push rod and collet chuck have springs on the outer circumference. A unclamping cylinder that is fitted so as to be able to move forward and backward in the axial direction of the sleeve that is always biased in the forward direction, and that moves the sleeve backward, and a tool pressing cylinder that moves the push rod forward. From here, clamping and unclamping of the collet chuck can be obtained by only moving the sleeve forward and backward. Operation to loosen tighten Ttochakku is unnecessary, there is the advantage that the tool exchange time is correspondingly reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Spindle Head 2 Spindle 3 Shaft Hole 4 Push Rod 6 Tool Holder 8 Collet Chuck 9 Sleeve 12 Disc Spring 14 Unclamping Device Main Body 15 Unclamping Cylinder 16 Unclamping Piston 17 Stopper 18 Spring 19 Tool Pressing Cylinder

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A push rod, which is inserted through a shaft hole of a cylindrical spindle rotatably supported by a spindle head so as to be able to move forward and backward in the axial direction of the spindle, and is always biased in a backward direction by a spring, and a front end of the push rod. Equipped with a collet chuck made of an elastic body that has elasticity in the closing direction to grip the tool holder and clamp the tool holder on the spindle, and can move back and forth in the axial direction on the outer circumference of the push rod and collet chuck. A main shaft equipped with a sleeve fitted and constantly biased in a forward direction by a spring, an unclamping cylinder for moving the sleeve backward, and a tool pressing cylinder for moving the push rod forward. Tool attachment / detachment device.