JPH0556944B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0556944B2
JPH0556944B2 JP61075700A JP7570086A JPH0556944B2 JP H0556944 B2 JPH0556944 B2 JP H0556944B2 JP 61075700 A JP61075700 A JP 61075700A JP 7570086 A JP7570086 A JP 7570086A JP H0556944 B2 JPH0556944 B2 JP H0556944B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
protoplasts
cells
cultured
medium
rice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP61075700A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS62232382A (en
Inventor
Isao Shimamoto
Yasuyuki Hayashi
Junko Kaeryama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Corp
Mitsubishi Kasei Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Corp
Mitsubishi Kasei Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Corp, Mitsubishi Kasei Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Corp
Priority to JP61075700A priority Critical patent/JPS62232382A/en
Publication of JPS62232382A publication Critical patent/JPS62232382A/en
Publication of JPH0556944B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0556944B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、コロニー形成率および再現性が高
く、また、品種間差の影響が少く、効率よく植物
体を再分化させ得るイネプロトプラストの培養方
法に関するものである。 〔従来の技術〕 近年、細胞融合の手法により、人為的に新しい
形質を持つた植物の作出が種々検討されている。
その際、植物細胞を使用する場合、その細胞壁を
除いたプロトプラストが用いられる。しかし、プ
ロトプラストから植物体を再生する系が未だ十分
確立されておらず、ナス科植物等に報告が散見さ
れるものの、世界の主要作物が多く含まれるイネ
科やマメ科の植物での例は殆んどないという状況
である。わずかにPlant Tissue Culture
Letters、2、(2)、74−75(1985)等にイネ懸濁培
養細胞から調製したプロトプラストからの植物体
の再生の簡単な報告があるが、特に特定の種子を
使用した場合、コロニー形成率、再現性の点で更
に改良が望まれていた。 〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕 本発明は、コロニー形成率および再現性が高
く、また、品種間差の影響が少く、効率よく植物
体を再生し得るイネプロトプラストの培養方法の
提供を目的とするものである。 〔問題点を解決するための手段〕 上記目的は、イネの完熟種子由来のカルスから
プロトプラストを調製し、これをイネ培養細胞を
含む液体培地中で培養することにより達成され
る。 以下本発明を詳細に説明する。 本発明においては、日本晴、コシヒカリ等のイ
ネの完熟種子由来のカルスからプロトプラストを
調製する。即ち、例えば、上記完熟種子から頴を
取り除き、エタノール、次亜塩素酸ソーダ等で滅
菌処理した後、Murashige & Skoog(MS)寒
天培地(Physiol.Plant.15、473−497(1962))等
に置床し、25〜28℃、2000〜3000lux(17hr日長)
の条件下で培養してカルスを誘導する。 培養2〜4週間後にカルスを集め、細分しセル
ラーゼやペクチナーゼ等の細胞壁分解酵素を含む
酵素液中、28〜30℃、40〜80spmの条件で3〜4
時間程度酵素処理する。酵素処理終了後、ろ過し
て未消化物を除いて、ろ液に2〜5倍量のKMC
液(KCl0.118M、MgCl20.0817M、
CaCl20.085M、PH6.0)(Theor.Appl、Genet.53
57−63(1978))等を加え、遠心分離して壊れた細
胞成分等を上清中に分離して除去し、精製された
プロトプラストを得る。本発明によれば通常活性
の高いプロトプラストをカルスg当り約5〜7×
105個の収率で取得することができる。 この様にして調製したプロトプラストを例えば
Kao & Michayluk(MK)培地(Planta
126、105−110(1975))、R2倍地(Plant Cell
Physiol、14、1113〜1121(1973))、B5培地
(Exp.Cell Res.50、151〜158(1968))等に懸濁
し、これを0.8〜3%程度のアガロースを含む
KM培地あるいはR2/B5培地等とを等量づつ混
ぜ、速やかにシヤーレ中に広げて薄く固める。こ
の時のプロトプラストの密度は約5×105〜1×
106個/mlとなるようにし、また、アガロースゲ
ルの厚さは平均0.7mm程度となるようにするのが
よい。 固化したアガロースゲルを5〜20mm程度の大き
さに切り、上記培地中で培養する。その際本発明
においては、イネ培養細胞を200〜300mg(Fresh
Weight)/dish程度共存させ、20〜40rpmの回
転でゆつくり振とうしながら、暗条件下23〜27℃
で培養する。 イネ培養細胞を共存させる方法は上記の様な方
法に限定させるものではなく、プロトプラストと
直接混合しないような方法、例えば、イネ培養細
胞をアガロース中に包埋させ、その上にプロトプ
ラストをアガロースに包埋させる様に重層するフ
イーダーレーヤー法、底にミリポアフイルター等
を設けた容器にイネ培養細胞を入れ、その容器を
プロトプラストを含む液体培地中に浸してミリポ
アフイルターを介して共存させる方法等が挙げら
れる。 本発明で使用するイネ培養細胞は、旺盛に分裂
している細かい細胞塊を毎週植継ぎ、4〜7日目
のものを使用するのが好ましい。この様な培養細
胞は、例えば、未熟胚由来のカルスや葯由来のカ
ルスを液体培地中で継代して、選択して行く等の
公知の方法に準じて容易に得られる。 培養開始後、3〜4日目で第1分裂が始まり約
1週間で第1分裂が終了する。第1分裂終了後は
イネ培養細胞は特に共存しなくともプロトプラス
トは増殖するので、通常第1分裂後に新しい培地
に植え継ぐときはイネ培養細胞を取り除いて培養
を続ける。培養後、2〜4週間後には、0.5〜1.0
mmφ程度のコロニーが形成される。この時のコロ
ニー形成率は約0.5〜1%である。 次いで、このコロニーを増殖培地、例えば、
N6培地(Sci.Sin.16、659−688(1975))に2.4−
D約2mg/、BAP約0.5mg/を添加し、23〜
27℃で暗条件下で培養すれば7〜8日で3〜6mm
φのカルスに生長する。 このカルスを再分化培地、例えば、N6培地、
但し、ホルモンフリーあるいはサイトカイニン2
〜5mg/添加し、23〜27℃で2000〜3000lux
(17hr日長)の条件下に培養すれば2〜3週間で
幼植物の形成が認められ、更に2〜3週間で移植
可能な植物体が得られる。この時の再分化率は非
常に高く、50%以上のカルスからそれぞれ複数個
の個体が得られる。 〔実施例〕 以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明す
る。 実施例 1 (イネ完熟種子由来プロトプラストの調製) 頴を取り除いた日本晴の完熟種子を滅菌処理し
た後、Murashige & Skoog(MS)寒天培地
(2,4−D2mg/;カゼイン加水分解物2g/
;バクトアガー8g/)に置床して、26℃で
培養してカルスを誘導した。3週間後にカルスを
集め、細分して4%セルラーゼ(セルラーゼRS)
および1%ペクチナーゼ(マセロザイムR10)を
含む0.4Mシユークロース溶液(PH5.8)に移して
30℃、60spmの条件で3〜4時間酵素処理した。 酵素処理液をろ過した後、ろ液に4倍量の
KMC液(KCl0.118M、CaCl20.085M、
MgCl20.0817M、PH6.0)を加え、遠心分離して沈
降したプロトプラストを得た。このプロトプラス
トを上記KMC液で2回洗浄した。 このようにして得られたプロトプラストをKao
& Michayluk(KM)培地(2,4−D2mg/
、0.4Mシユークロース)に懸濁し、この懸濁
液0.5mlと約40℃に温めたアガロース2.0%を含む
KM培地0.5mlとを混合し、速やかに35mmφシヤ
ーレに均一に広げて固化させた。この時の細胞密
度は5×105個/mlであつた。この固化したアガ
ロースゲルを5×20mm位の大きさに切り、上記
KM培地6mlのはいつている6cmφのシヤーレに
浮べ、同時にイネの培養細胞200mg(FW)を加
えた。このイネの培養細胞は次のようにして調製
した。即ち、葯由来カルスを液体培地中で週1回
の頻度で何代にもわたつて植継き維持している、
分裂旺盛な細かい培養細胞の植継ぎ後5日目のも
のを37μmのナイロンメツシユで過して培養細
胞を集めた。 これを30rpm位の回転でゆつくり振とうしなが
ら暗条件下、25℃で培養した。培養開始後3〜4
日目で第1分裂が始まり、約1週間で第1分裂が
終了した。第1分裂終了後、イネ培養細胞を取り
除き、新しいKM培地6mlを加えて引続き同一条
件で培養を行つたところ、3週間後には0.5〜1.0
mmφのコロニーが形成された。コロニーの形成率
は約0.5%であつた。 このコロニーを増殖培地(N6:2,4−D2
mg/、BAP0.5mg/、シユークロース3%)
に500個/dishとなるように広げて25℃で培養し
たところ、7〜8日で3〜6mmφのカルスに生長
した。次いで、このカルスを細分化培地(N6:
ホルモンフリー、シユークロースァ%)に移し25
℃で培養を続けたところ、約2〜3週間で幼植物
の形成が認められた。この時の細分化は高頻度に
起り50%以上のカルスから複数の固体が得られ
た。更に2〜3週間生育させた後、1/5000aの
ワグネルポツトに移植したところ、2ケ月後にお
いても全株とも植物体として健全に生長してい
た。 比較例 1 実施例1において、イネの培養細胞を加えるこ
となくプロトプラストのアガロースゲル片を培養
したが、実施例1で得られたようなコロニーは形
成されなかつた。 〔発明の効果〕 本発明方法によれば、分裂頻度および再現性が
高く、また、品種間差の影響が少なく、効率よく
植物体を再分化させ得るイネプロトプラストを容
易に得ることができる。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is directed to the cultivation of rice protoplasts that have a high colony formation rate and reproducibility, are less affected by differences between cultivars, and can regenerate plants efficiently. It is about the method. [Prior Art] In recent years, various attempts have been made to artificially create plants with new traits using cell fusion techniques.
In this case, when using plant cells, protoplasts with their cell walls removed are used. However, the system for regenerating plants from protoplasts has not yet been fully established, and although there have been some reports on plants in the Solanaceae family, there have been no examples of plants in the Poaceae and Fabaceae families, which include many of the world's major crops. The situation is that there are almost none. Slightly Plant Tissue Culture
Letters, 2, (2), 74-75 (1985) etc., there is a brief report on the regeneration of plants from protoplasts prepared from rice suspension culture cells, but especially when certain seeds are used, colony formation Further improvements were desired in terms of rate and reproducibility. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for culturing rice protoplasts that has a high colony formation rate and reproducibility, is less affected by differences between cultivars, and can efficiently regenerate plants. That is. [Means for Solving the Problems] The above object is achieved by preparing protoplasts from callus derived from ripe rice seeds and culturing them in a liquid medium containing cultured rice cells. The present invention will be explained in detail below. In the present invention, protoplasts are prepared from callus derived from ripe seeds of rice such as Nipponbare and Koshihikari. That is, for example, after removing the mold from the ripe seeds and sterilizing them with ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, etc., they are placed on Murashige & Skoog (MS) agar medium (Physiol. Plant. 15 , 473-497 (1962)), etc. Place in bed, 25-28℃, 2000-3000lux (17hr photoperiod)
Cultivate under these conditions to induce callus. After 2 to 4 weeks of culture, the callus was collected, divided into small pieces, and incubated in an enzyme solution containing cell wall degrading enzymes such as cellulase and pectinase at 28 to 30°C and 40 to 80 spm for 3 to 4 days.
Treat with enzyme for about an hour. After the enzyme treatment is complete, filter to remove undigested materials and add 2 to 5 times the amount of KMC to the filtrate.
liquid (KCl0.118M, MgCl2 0.0817M,
CaCl2 0.085M, PH6.0) (Theor.Appl, Genet. 53 ,
57-63 (1978)) and centrifugation to separate and remove broken cell components into the supernatant to obtain purified protoplasts. According to the present invention, protoplasts with high activity are usually used at about 5 to 7 times per g of callus.
It can be obtained with a yield of 10 5 pieces. For example, the protoplasts prepared in this way are
Kao & Michayluk (MK) medium (Planta
126, 105-110 (1975)), R2 (Plant Cell
Physiol, 14 , 1113-1121 (1973)), B5 medium (Exp.Cell Res. 50 , 151-158 (1968)), etc., containing about 0.8 to 3% agarose.
Mix equal amounts of KM medium or R2/B5 medium, etc., and immediately spread it in a shear dish to solidify it thinly. The density of protoplasts at this time is approximately 5×10 5 to 1×
It is preferable that the number of agarose gels be 10 6 cells/ml, and the thickness of the agarose gel should be about 0.7 mm on average. The solidified agarose gel is cut into pieces approximately 5 to 20 mm in size and cultured in the above medium. In this case, in the present invention, 200 to 300 mg (Fresh
Weight)/dish coexist at 23-27℃ under dark conditions while gently shaking at 20-40rpm.
Cultivate with The method of coexisting cultured rice cells is not limited to the above method, but there may be a method that does not directly mix with protoplasts, for example, embedding cultured rice cells in agarose and then embedding protoplasts in agarose. Examples include the feeder layer method, in which rice culture cells are layered so that they are buried, and the method in which cultured rice cells are placed in a container with a Millipore filter, etc. at the bottom, and the container is immersed in a liquid medium containing protoplasts, allowing them to coexist through the Millipore filter. It will be done. For the cultured rice cells used in the present invention, fine cell clusters that are actively dividing are transplanted every week, and it is preferable to use cells that are 4 to 7 days old. Such cultured cells can be easily obtained according to known methods, such as by subculturing calli derived from immature embryos or calli derived from anthers in a liquid medium and selecting them. The first division begins 3 to 4 days after the start of culture, and ends in about one week. After the first division, the protoplasts proliferate even without the coexistence of cultured rice cells, so when transplanting to a new medium after the first division, the culture is usually continued after removing the cultured rice cells. 0.5 to 1.0 after 2 to 4 weeks of culture
Colonies of about mmφ are formed. The colony formation rate at this time is about 0.5-1%. This colony is then grown in a growth medium, e.g.
2.4− in N6 medium (Sci.Sin. 16 , 659−688 (1975))
Add about 2 mg/D and about 0.5 mg/BAP, 23~
If cultured in the dark at 27°C, it will grow to 3-6 mm in 7-8 days.
Grows into a callus of φ. This callus is transferred to a regeneration medium, such as N6 medium,
However, hormone-free or cytokinin 2
~5mg/addition, 2000~3000lux at 23~27℃
If cultured under conditions of (17 hr photoperiod), seedlings will be formed in 2 to 3 weeks, and plants ready for transplantation will be obtained in another 2 to 3 weeks. The regeneration rate at this time is extremely high, with more than 50% of the calluses yielding multiple individuals. [Example] The present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples below. Example 1 (Preparation of protoplasts derived from ripe rice seeds) After sterilizing the ripe seeds of Nipponbare from which the mold had been removed, they were placed on Murashige & Skoog (MS) agar medium (2,4-D2 mg/; casein hydrolyzate 2 g/
; Bacto agar 8g/) and cultured at 26°C to induce callus. Collect the callus after 3 weeks, subdivide it and add 4% cellulase (Cellulase RS)
and transferred to a 0.4M sucrose solution (PH5.8) containing 1% pectinase (Macerozyme R10).
Enzyme treatment was performed at 30°C and 60 spm for 3 to 4 hours. After filtering the enzyme treatment solution, add 4 times the volume to the filtrate.
KMC solution (KCl0.118M, CaCl2 0.085M,
MgCl2 0.0817M, PH6.0) was added and centrifuged to obtain precipitated protoplasts. The protoplasts were washed twice with the above KMC solution. The protoplasts obtained in this way were
& Michayluk (KM) medium (2,4-D2mg/
, 0.4 M sucrose) containing 0.5 ml of this suspension and 2.0% agarose warmed to approximately 40 °C.
The mixture was mixed with 0.5 ml of KM medium and immediately spread uniformly on a 35 mm diameter shear dish to solidify. The cell density at this time was 5×10 5 cells/ml. Cut this solidified agarose gel into a size of about 5 x 20 mm, and
The cells were floated on a 6 cm diameter petrel containing 6 ml of KM medium, and 200 mg (FW) of cultured rice cells were added at the same time. This cultured rice cell was prepared as follows. That is, the anther-derived callus is maintained in a liquid medium by being transplanted once a week for many generations.
Five days after transplantation, finely divided cultured cells were passed through a 37 μm nylon mesh to collect cultured cells. This was cultured at 25°C in the dark with gentle shaking at a rotation speed of about 30 rpm. 3-4 after starting culture
The first division started on day 1, and the first division ended in about one week. After the first division, the cultured rice cells were removed, 6 ml of new KM medium was added, and the culture was continued under the same conditions.
Colonies of mmφ were formed. The colony formation rate was approximately 0.5%. This colony was grown in growth medium (N6:2,4-D2).
mg/, BAP0.5mg/, sucrose 3%)
When the callus was spread at 500 cells/dish and cultured at 25°C, it grew into a callus with a diameter of 3 to 6 mm in 7 to 8 days. This callus was then subdivided into medium (N6:
Transfer to hormone-free, sucrose (25%)
When the culture was continued at ℃, the formation of seedlings was observed in about 2 to 3 weeks. At this time, fragmentation occurred frequently, and multiple solids were obtained from more than 50% of the callus. After growing for another 2 to 3 weeks, the plants were transplanted into 1/5000a Wagner pots, and even after 2 months, all the plants were growing healthy. Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, an agarose gel piece of protoplasts was cultured without adding cultured rice cells, but colonies like those obtained in Example 1 were not formed. [Effects of the Invention] According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain rice protoplasts that have high division frequency and reproducibility, are less affected by differences between cultivars, and can efficiently regenerate plants.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 イネ完熟種子由来のカルスから調製したプロ
トプラストを、イネ培養細胞を含む液体培地中で
培養することを特徴とするイネプロトプラストの
培養方法。
1. A method for culturing rice protoplasts, which comprises culturing protoplasts prepared from callus derived from ripe rice seeds in a liquid medium containing cultured rice cells.
JP61075700A 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Cultivation of rice protoplast Granted JPS62232382A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61075700A JPS62232382A (en) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Cultivation of rice protoplast

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61075700A JPS62232382A (en) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Cultivation of rice protoplast

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62232382A JPS62232382A (en) 1987-10-12
JPH0556944B2 true JPH0556944B2 (en) 1993-08-20

Family

ID=13583754

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61075700A Granted JPS62232382A (en) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Cultivation of rice protoplast

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS62232382A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU5705900A (en) * 1999-07-01 2001-01-22 Hokkai Sankyo Co. Ltd. Method of regenerating individual of plant belonging to the genus lilium
CN106962085B (en) * 2017-03-29 2019-09-20 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所 A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method that Oryza plant can be made quickly to take off sick detoxification

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62232382A (en) 1987-10-12

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