JPH0553920B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention is an excavation device, more specifically, by penetrating the bucket into the soil while applying vibrations to the bucket, the soil contained in the bucket can be penetrated by air. To improve an excavation device capable of filling a bucket with soil while discharging water and pulling out the bucket to excavate soil.

(Prior technology) Conventionally, this type of drilling equipment was
There is one published in Japanese Patent Publication No. 19128 and another published in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-31256. That is, there is the one published in the above-mentioned former publication. The one described in this publication has a lower end opening 2a of a bucket 1a as shown in FIG.
A shutter 29a is provided so as to be openable and closable, and a partition plate 5a having a large number of small holes 45 is disposed horizontally at the upper end of the bucket 1a, and an outer circumferential surface 11a of a cavity 16a formed above the partition plate 5a. A large number of discharge holes 6a are drilled in the bucket.When the bucket 1a is penetrated into the soil while vibrating, the soil stored in the bucket 1a becomes fluidized, and air and water are removed from the soil. It is configured to be separated and discharged to the outside through the small hole 45 of the partition wall plate 5a and the discharge hole 6a of the cavity 16a, and the one described in the latter publication has a dirt storage chamber inside. A bucket frame is provided with a bucket at the lower part of the bucket frame, which can scoop up sediment from the bottom of the water and push it into the sediment chamber, and can also block the open lower surface of the sediment storage chamber from the outside.

Incidentally, the excavation equipment described in the former and latter publications can remove the earth and sand by scooping up the earth and sand into the bucket body and the bucket frame body through the shutter and bucket which are provided so as to be openable and closable with respect to each other. It is something.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the former and latter publications have the following problems in actual use.

That is, the excavation device described in the above publication has a shutter and a bucket that scoop up earth and sand into a bucket main body and a bucket frame main body, each of which is pivotally attached to the outside of the main body so as to be openable and closable. When collecting earth and sand etc., the bucket is configured to protrude outside from the periphery of the opening inside the book.

Therefore, for example, in excavation work for pre-holes such as predetermined driven piles, it is not possible to use a drilling device that has a bucket that protrudes outside from the periphery of the opening of the main body. Especially when excavating on hard ground, the shutter and the bucket do not expand outward due to the resistance of earth and sand, and the resistance of the peripheral edge of the opening of the main body prevents the shutter and the bucket from expanding outward. A very serious problem had arisen in that the bucket frame itself was not completely buried in the ground.

That is, the present invention solves all of the above problems, and it is possible to reliably collect earth and sand from underground even during excavation work for pilot holes such as driven piles or excavation work on hard ground. It is an object of the present invention to provide an extremely excellent excavation device that can easily bury the bucket main body underground.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above problems, the present invention invents a completely new excavation device and takes the following measures.

That is, in the present invention, a pair of substantially semicircular opposed sharp cutting edges 4 are formed at the lower end 3 of the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1 of the excavation equipment, and the cutting edges 4
A pair of shutters 29 are stored on the back side of the blade, each having a substantially semicircular tip that is approximately the same shape as the blade edge 4, and each of the blade edge portions 4 in which the shutter 29 is housed has a pair of shutters 29. When the shutter 29 approaches or comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface 28 of the bucket 1 to open the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1, the shutter 29 is located directly below the tip of the shutter 29. In addition, a shutter tip protector 46, which is formed along the tip of the shutter 29 and has a substantially triangular longitudinal section that becomes sharp toward the tip of the cutting edge portion 4, is provided oppositely.

(Function) In the excavation equipment configured as described above, a pair of substantially semicircular opposed sharp cutting edges 4 are formed on the lower edge 3 of the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1 of the excavation equipment. A pair of shutters 29 are housed on the back side of the blade edge portion 4, and have substantially semicircular tip portions that are approximately the same shape as the blade edge portion 4, and the blade edge portion in which the shutters 29 are housed is The shutter 29 is provided on the inner circumferential surface 28 of each bucket 1 to open the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1.
When approaching or abutting the inner circumferential surface 28 of the blade, it is located directly below the tip of the shutter 29, is formed along the tip of the shutter 29, and becomes sharp towards the tip of the cutting edge 4. Since the shutter tip protectors 46 having a substantially triangular longitudinal section are provided facing each other, the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1 where the sharp cutting edge 4 is formed reduces the contact resistance with earth and sand. , can be easily buried in the ground, and the pair of opposing shutters 29 stored on the back side of the sharp cutting edge portion 4 ensure that the blade is buried near the inner side of the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1. Raise up the earth and sand filled in the bucket 1.
Not only can it be easily introduced into the bucket and collected, but also the tip of the shutter 29 can be reliably protected through the shutter tip protector 46 when the bucket 1 is buried.

Furthermore, since the cylinder 17 is installed with its rod 20 facing upward, the soil is cut after filling the bucket 1 with the shutter 29.
When the rod 20 is raised to close the piston, pressure oil is applied to the head side surface of the piston sliding in the cylinder 17, so that the head side surface of the piston has a wider area than the rod side surface. Therefore, the output of the cylinder 17 is maximized, and the shutter can be strongly closed.

(Example) An example of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In Figures 1 and 2, 1 is the lower end opening 2.
A cylindrical bucket is shown in which a substantially semicircular sharp cutting edge 4 is integrally formed on the lower edge 3 of the bucket.
A circular partition wall plate 5 is horizontally installed at the upper end of the .
Reference numeral 6 indicates a plurality of discharge holes formed at equal intervals on the outer circumferential surface 7 of the upper end of the bucket bag 1, and the discharge holes 6 are large enough to allow a person's arm to be inserted thereinto.

Reference numeral 8 indicates a substantially cylindrical cover body provided above the partition wall plate 5 and having flanges 9 and 10 at both ends. A plurality of grooves 12 are formed in the longitudinal direction. The concave groove portion 12 and the discharge hole 6 are aligned and fastened to the lower end flange portion 9 of the partition plate 5 and cover body 8 with bolts 13 and nuts 14 at their respective positions. Reference numeral 15 indicates a rib body fastened to the upper end flange portion 10 of the cover body 8 with bolts 13 and nuts 14;
A cavity 16 is formed inside the cover body 8 which is sandwiched between the cover body 8 and the partition wall plate 5.

Reference numeral 17 designates a pair of cylinders that are inserted into the pair of mounting holes 18 formed in the partition wall plate 5, respectively, and extend and contract the rod 20 so as to be able to rise and fall within the cavity 16. As shown in FIG. 3, a horizontal rod 22 is installed horizontally at the tip 21 of the rod 20, and connecting rods 24 are bored in the partition plate 5 downward from both ends 23 of the horizontal rod 22. It passes through the insertion hole 25 and is vertically installed.

As shown in FIG. 4, 26 is a pair of pivot joints provided on the inner peripheral surface 28 at the lower end 27 of the bucket 1 and above the cutting edge 4; It is provided in the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1 so as to be openable and closable with respect to the opening 2, and has a substantially semicircular tip portion approximately the same shape as the cutting edge portion 4 on the back side of the cutting edge portion 4. A pair of shutters 29 are shown connected to the connecting rod 24 via pivot parts 30 provided at both ends thereof. 46, when each of the shutters 29 approaches or contacts the inner circumferential surface 28 of the bucket 1 to open the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1,
A pair of opposing shutter tip portions located directly below the tip portion 4 of the shutter 29, formed along the tip portion of the shutter 29, and having a substantially triangular longitudinal section that becomes sharp towards the tip of the cutting edge portion 4. 31 represents a vibrator provided above the rib body 15; 32 represents a motor provided above the vibrator 31;
is driven to rotate an eccentric shaft (not shown) built into the exciter 31 via a bevel gear (not shown) in the exciter 31. 33 is the exciter 3
A total of six shock absorbers are connected to the shock absorbers 1 and erected on one surface around the motor 32 and two on the other three surfaces, and a hanging ring 34 is provided at the upper end of the shock absorbers 33. I'm going to be beaten.

35 is provided with its lower end 36 disposed on the inner circumferential surface 28 of the lower end portion 27 of the bucket bag 1, exposed to the outside through the rib body 15 midway, and its upper end 37 disposed on the side of the buffer 33. The inner circumferential surface 28 immediately below the negative pressure prevention tube 35 is shown as a negative pressure prevention tube.
is provided with a shutter tip protector 38 having a triangular side surface with a pointed lower end to prevent abrasion of the lower end 36 of the negative pressure prevention tube 35 and unnecessary entry of soil into the negative pressure prevention tube 35. It is intended to prevent

The excavating apparatus of this embodiment has the above-mentioned configuration, and next, the case where this excavating apparatus 39 is used will be explained.

First, a hook of a crane is hung on the suspension ring 34 of this excavation device 39 to suspend the excavation device 39, and a pair of shutters 29 provided in the lower end portion 27 of the bucket 1 are attached to the rod 2 of the cylinder 17.
0 by the lowering operation, and the exciter 31
The bucket 1 is lowered while applying vibration to the bucket 1, and the pair of cutting edges 4 of the lower edge 3 are lowered.
It sticks to the ground and then penetrates into the soil.

At this time, the soil stored in the bucket 1 is fluidized by the vibration of the bucket 1, and since the air and water contained in the soil have a lower specific gravity than the soil, they separate from the soil and rise. The air and water are discharged to the outside through a discharge hole 6 formed in the outer circumferential surface 7 of the upper end of the bucket 1.

By lowering and penetrating the buckets 1 into the soil in this manner, the buckets 1 are filled with soil while separating air and water from the soil inside the buckets 1.

After the bucket 1 is filled with soil, the shutter 29 is closed to keep the soil in the bucket 1. At this time, as shown in FIG. By applying pressure oil to the surface 41, the rod 20
At the same time, the horizontal rod 22 horizontally installed at the tip of the rod 20 is raised, and the connecting rods 24 vertically installed at both ends of the horizontal rod 22 are raised, as shown in FIG. The shutter 29 is raised in this manner, and the lower end opening 2 of the bucket bag 1 is closed with the shutter 29.

Finally, the bucket 1 is lifted out of the ground by a crane, and although the pit dug by the bucket 1 is about to become almost in a vacuum state at the time of this lifting, Since air flows into the shaft from the outside through the negative pressure prevention pipe 35, there is no pressure difference between the outside and the shaft, and therefore the bucket 1 can be pulled out of the soil without applying negative pressure to the excavation device 39. can.

In this way, the soil in the bucket 1 is discharged by pulling up the excavation device 39, moving the excavation device 39, and opening the shutter 29 of the bucket 1. Since a cylinder 17 is provided on the bulkhead plate 5 at the upper end of the bucket 1, the rod 20 of the cylinder 17 can be raised and lowered with the rod 20 facing upward within the empty chamber 16. The reciprocating portion 43 operates within the chamber 16, and no soil enters into the chamber 16 during excavation work, so that the rod portion 43 reciprocates in and out of the cylinder. There is no risk of soil adhering to the surface.

Furthermore, by arranging the cylinder 17 with its rod 20 facing upward as described above,
When the rod 20 is raised via the connecting rod 24 in order to close the shutter 29, pressure oil is applied to the head side surface 41 of the piston 40 sliding inside the cylinder 17, as shown in FIG. Therefore, the head side surface 4 of the piston 40
1 has a larger area than the surface 43 on the rod side,
The force applied to the rod 20 becomes maximum, and the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1 can be closed while cutting the soil strongly with the shutter 29.

Further, one cylinder 17 is provided to open and close one shutter 29, and connecting rods 24 are suspended from both ends 23 of a horizontal rod 22 horizontally installed at the tip 21 of the rod 20 of the cylinder 17. Since both connecting rods 24 are connected to both sides of the shutter 29, when the cylinder 17 is actuated, a force is applied to both sides of the shutter 29 synchronously via both connecting rods 24. The shutter 29 can be opened and closed smoothly, and the force applied to both sides of the shutter can be reduced by operating both connecting rods connected to both sides of the shutter with separate cylinders, as in conventional excavation equipment. This means that the shutters will not be synchronized and the shutter operation will not be balanced and cause problems.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, a plurality of discharge holes 6 are bored in the outer circumferential surface 7 of the upper end of the bucket 1, and air and water that separate and rise from the soil stored in the bucket 1 are removed through the discharge holes 6. Since it is configured to be discharged to the outside, air and water can be directly discharged from the bucket 1, improving its discharge capacity, and since the discharge hole 6 is large enough to insert a person's arm, it is possible to prevent dirt from forming. There is no risk of clogging, and when manufacturing an excavation device, the cylinder 17 can be installed by inserting an arm through the discharge hole 6.

Furthermore, the lower end edge 3 of the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1 has a pair of substantially semicircular opposed sharp cutting edges 4.
Because of this, when the bucket 1 is lowered and the cutting edge part 4 is thrust into the ground, the contact area of the cutting edge part 4 with the soil is extremely small, so that the cutting edge part 1 easily touches the ground. This allows the bucket 1 to penetrate into the soil smoothly, and by rotating the motor 32 to drive the exciter 31, the excavation device 39 tries to rotate in the opposite direction due to the reaction, but the bucket Since the cutting edge portion 4 of the excavator 1 easily pierces the ground, it is possible to quickly prevent the excavator from rotating inadvertently.

Furthermore, a pair of cutting edge portions 4 are provided on the lower edge 3 of the bucket 1.
By forming the shutter 29, it is possible to open and close the shutter 29 so as to accommodate the inner circumferential surface of the cutting edge 4. Therefore, the bucket 1 can be opened and closed with the shutter 29 in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the cutting edge 4. When penetrating into the soil, the soil is first fluidized at the blade edge portion 4,
Since the shutter 29 penetrates into this softened soil, the shutter 29 will not be hit hard.

Incidentally, the lower edge 3 of the bucket 1 is provided with a pair of sharp cutting edge parts 4, but the point is that if the pair of cutting edge parts 4 are formed facing each other, for example, four sharp cutting edge parts 4 are formed at 90° intervals. The blade edge portion 4 may be formed, that is, two sets of blade edge portions 4 each consisting of a pair of blade edge portions 4, and the number of the pair of blade edge portions 4 formed is not limited in any way.

Further, the number of discharge holes formed in the outer circumferential surface of the upper end of the bucket is not limited, and the size thereof may be as long as it does not cause clogging with soil. Further, the discharge hole does not need to be formed from the upper edge of the bucket, but may be formed at some distance from the upper edge.

Furthermore, the cylinder is not limited to one provided to open and close one shutter as in the above embodiment;
A cross-shaped horizontal rod is placed horizontally at the tip of the rod of the cylinder, and four connecting rods are hung from each tip of the horizontal end, so that a pair of shutters can be opened and closed by one cylinder. good.

Further, in the above embodiment, the cylinder is inserted into a mounting hole drilled in the partition plate, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It's okay.

In addition, concave grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cover body at the same intervals as the discharge holes of the bucket, and the partition plate 5 and the cover body 8 are connected with bolts and nuts at the position where the concave grooves and the discharge holes 6 are aligned. The concave groove part of the cover body is not an essential requirement of the present invention, and the configuration of other parts can be changed in design within the scope of the present invention. be.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention has a pair of substantially semicircular opposed sharp cutting edge portions formed at the lower end edge of the lower end opening of the bucket of the excavation equipment, and A pair of shutters are housed on the back side, each having a substantially semicircular tip that is approximately the same shape as the blade edge, and a pair of shutters are housed on the inner circumferential surface of each of the blade edge portions in which the shutters are housed. , when the shutter approaches or comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the bucket to open the lower end opening of the bucket, the shutter is located directly below the tip of the shutter and is formed along the tip of the shutter. In addition, since the shutter tip protectors having a generally triangular vertical cross section that become sharp towards the tip of the blade edge are provided facing each other, the lower end opening of the bucket where the sharp blade edge is formed is free from dirt and sand. By reducing the contact resistance, it is possible to easily bury the blade underground, and the lower end opening of the bucket can be reliably opened by a pair of opposing shutters stored on the back side of the sharp cutting edge. Not only can the earth and sand filled near the inside of the bucket be scooped up and easily introduced into the bucket and collected, but also the tip of the shutter can be removed through the shutter tip protector when the bucket is buried. In addition to providing reliable protection, it has achieved a special effect in that it can be widely used for pilot holes such as driven piles, excavation work in hard ground, etc.

Additionally, since the cylinder is installed with its rod facing upward as much as possible, when the rod is raised to close the shutter, pressure oil will be applied to the head side surface of the piston that slides inside the cylinder. Since the surface on the head side of the piston has a wider area than the surface on the rod side, the output of the cylinder is maximized, and the bucket is filled with soil as before.
There is no inconvenience that the output of the cylinder cannot be used effectively when closing the shutter.
Powerfully cuts the soil with the cylinder's maximum output,
It has an excellent effect of blocking the shutter.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an excavation apparatus according to the present invention, in which A is a side view and B is a front view. Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the bucket. FIG. 3A is a plan view of the horizontal rod when the inside of the cover body is cross-sectionally viewed, and FIG. 3B is a front view of the horizontal rod. FIG. 4 is a front view showing the shutter.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the cylinder according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the main part showing the shutter in a closed state. FIG. 7 is a front view showing a conventional excavation device. 1... Bucket, 2... Lower end opening, 5... Partition plate, 6... Discharge hole, 7... Outer circumferential surface, 16... Vacancy, 17... Cylinder, 20... Rod, 24
...Connecting rod, 29...Shutter, 31...Exciter.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A discharge port 6 for discharging air and water is provided on the outer circumferential surface 7 of the upper end of the bucket 1, and a vacant chamber 16 is provided on the upper side of the bucket 1 via the partition plate 5.
A cylinder 17 is provided in either the partition plate 5 or the cavity 16 formed through the partition plate 5 to raise and lower the rod 20 upward. Rod 20
is equipped with a connecting rod 24 passing through the partition plate 5, and the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1 is connected to the lower end opening 2 through the connecting rod 24.
In an excavating device equipped with a pair of shutters 29 for opening and closing, a pair of substantially semicircular opposed sharp cutting edges 4 are formed on the lower end edge 3 of the lower end opening 2, and On the back side of the cutting edge portion 4,
The pair of shutters 29 are housed with substantially semicircular tips having substantially the same shape as the cutting edge portion 4, and each inner circumferential surface 28 of the cutting edge portion 4 in which the shutters 29 are housed. When the shutter 29 approaches or comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface 28 of the bucket 1 to open the lower end opening 2 of the bucket 1, the shutter 29 is located directly below the tip of the bucket 29, and An excavating device characterized in that shutter tip protectors 46 are formed along the tip of the cutting edge 29 and are opposed to each other and have a substantially triangular longitudinal section that becomes sharp towards the tip of the cutting edge 4.