JPH05507583A - Membrane catalyst layer for fuel cells - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Membrane soot layer for fuel cells Related applications This application is filed in U.S. Patent Application No. 07/656.3, filed February 19, 1991. This is a partial continuation application of No. 29.

Background of the invention The present invention relates to catalyst loading for fuel cells, particularly solid polymer electrode fuel cells. . This invention is based on a contract with the Department of Energy (Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36). It depends on the results.

Fuel cells are energy conversion devices that are currently considered as an alternative to internal combustion engines. It's a chair. One type of fuel cell uses ion exchange between the cathode and anode A solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane or a proton exchange membrane is used for this purpose. electrode is a porous conductive material, such as woven graphite. If the fuel is made of Gaseous fuels, especially hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (02), can be used in the fuel cell. Wear.

SPE fuel cells have higher ultimate power densities than liquid electrolyte fuel cells, and It offers many advantages including low operating temperatures and long operating life. Also , SPE materials are typically corrosion resistant and easily incorporated into fuel cell structures. Ru. However, the half-cell reaction of the anode and cathode, i.e. the reaction between H2 and 02 each requires a catalyst to proceed at a useful rate. October 1989 As described in U.S. Patent No. 4.876.115, issued on May 24th. First, the catalyst material is directly applied to the surface of the SPE membrane by hot pressing. Incorporate. This US patent is referenced in this application. For general SPE fuel cells In this case, it is effective just to increase the catalyst loading amount (for example, 4 mgPt/cm2). We were able to obtain a suitable current density. The catalyst material is a platinum group material, with platinum being preferred. These SPE fuel cells (here, GE/H8-UTU type (called fuel cells) have not been able to compete cost-wise with other energy sources.

U.S. Patent No. 4. ．． No. 876.115 provides a point regarding reducing catalyst loading requirements. Wound together by a hydrophobic component such as PTFE Platinum was used as the carbon particle-supported platinum on the carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode substrate Murakami. I am using it. Increased contact between the electrolyte and platinum in the Pt-C/Teflon catalyst layer In order to add solubilized SPE to the catalyzed surface of the carbon electrode, the solubilized SPE was deposited at a depth of approximately 10 μm. It is impregnated with water. In fact, it has decreased to 0.35 mg/cm2 based on the area of SPE. With a catalyst loading of 4 mg/cm2, It has been reported that the battery provides performance equivalent to that of a rechargeable battery.

However, platinum catalysts have not been effectively utilized in prior art structures.

It is difficult to adapt the impregnation depth of SPE to the variable thickness of typical catalyst layers.

This allows areas that are not fully impregnated and the SPE material to be more dense than the catalyst layer. A region is created that penetrates deeply into the electrode and prevents gas from dissipating through the electrode. moreover, A hydrophobic binder facilitates the contact of protons and oxygen to the catalytic moieties at the cathode electrode. prevent.

Another problem with prior art fuel cells is the lack of hydrophilic SPE membranes and carbon-based electrode structures. The swelling phase between the SPE and the soot layer is caused by the difference in hydration properties between the SPE and the soot layer. It's different. Glabellar peeling occurs between the SPE membrane and the electrode, thereby blocking the ion passage. This may result in disconnection and shorten battery life.

These problems are solved by the present invention, in which a hydrophobic virtually void-free, uniform in thickness, binder ionomer and supported A catalyst layer is provided which has a uniform ratio of the catalytic converter to the catalytic converter.

In other words, an object of the present invention is to provide a method in which the amount of supported catalyst packed is relatively small and the performance is not degraded. The objective is to provide a new SPE fuel cell.

Another object of the invention is to provide uniformly continuous electron and to provide an ionic passageway.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a uniform layer of supported catalyst in a binder layer. The purpose is to provide diversification.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the bond between the SPE membrane and the catalyst layer. be.

Yet another object of the present invention is to pass through the ionomer binder material to The object of the present invention is to provide a thin catalyst layer that sufficiently transfers oxygen to the catalyst portion of the catalyst.

Further objects, advantages and novel features of the invention are described in part below and Some parts will become apparent to those skilled in the art by experimenting with the description later, or It will be understood by practicing the present invention. The objects and advantages of the invention are summarized in the claims below. be understood and achieved by the means and combinations indicated in the scope of.

Summary of the invention In accordance with the objectives of the invention as embodied and generally described herein, the foregoing features In order to achieve this and other objectives, the device of the present invention separates the anode and cathode electrodes. includes a gas-reactive fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte to The platinum-supported catalyst is thinner than m, and the platinum-supported catalyst is uniform with a platinum loading amount of less than about 0.35 mg/cm2. comprising a film of proton-conducting material that is dispersed in a solid porous material; It is characterized in that it is disposed between the remer electrolyte and at least the cathode electrode.

Preferably, the film thickness is less than 5 μm.

In another feature of the invention, an SPE fuel cell utilizing hydrogen and oxygen is , so that the catalyst layer is constructed as a separate unit. oxygen permeation and a platinum-supported catalyst in an ionomer effective for ion transfer at selected loadings. The resulting mixture is uniformly dispersed and formed as a thin film. This thin flap The film is then transferred to the surface of the SPE membrane. In a fuel cell, oxygen passes through an ionomer. Press the porous electrode structure against the catalyst film so that it moves to the catalyst part. It is completed by

In yet another feature of the invention, an SPE fuel cell using hydrogen and oxygen is provided. Ike uses Na-type barfluorosulfonate ionomer to form the catalyst layer. formed by using The supported platinum catalyst and solvent are Na+ type ionomers. and are evenly blended to form an ink. This ink is applied to the surface of the SPE layer. The beam is applied to form a layer in Na+ type. Next, this layer has at least 1 Drying is carried out at a temperature of 50° C. for a sufficient time to dry the ink. obtained film and Catalyst layer with flexibility, elasticity and adhesion by converting the membrane back to proton type ionomer is formed on the SPE film.

Brief description of the drawing The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate one aspect of the invention. The present invention is illustrated in detail and together with the description serves as a detailed explanation of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell having a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure IA is an enlarged view of the catalyst layer of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a thin catalyst film containing 0.20 mg/cm2 of platinum and 0.35 mg/c Figure 2 is a graph showing the performance in the first SPE of thicker catalyst films containing m2. .

Figure 3 shows platinum containing 0.15 mg/cm2 and 0.22” g/c m2. The performance of the second SPE odor film cathode of a thin catalyst film and platinum of 0.3 5 is a graph comparing the performance of a commercially available gas dissipating cathode containing 5 mg/cm2.

Figure 5 shows 0.17 m on the membrane rcJ formed at high temperature. Fuel cell with a thin film catalyst layer containing platinum in the amount of gPt/am2/electrode It is a graph showing the performance of.

FIG. 6 shows a Dow film formed at a high temperature with 0.0. 13mgPt/cm2/electronic In a graph showing the performance of a fuel cell with a thin film catalyst layer containing platinum in the amount of electrodes be.

FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the specific activity of a fuel cell according to the present invention and a fuel cell of the prior art. It is.

Detailed description of the invention According to the invention, a gas-reactive fuel cell is provided adjacent to the cathode surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. contains a catalyst layer that optimizes catalyst utilization and minimizes the amount of catalyst involved. figure As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. There are three conditions necessary for a catalyst to contribute efficiently to the process: Deals with roton contact, gas contact and electrical conductivity.

The fuel cell assembly L'' includes a gaseous fuel source 12, a gaseous acid (SPE) membrane, and a ”-1 and the cathode surface of the SPE-5 and the cathode backing 18 according to the present invention. At least one catalyst layer is utilized. The membrane 26 and anode backing structure 1 loading are negative. Approximately half of the catalyst loading required for the pole structure is sufficient.

A uniform and controlled depth of catalyst is maintained. The film that can be obtained is ionoma - A dense film consisting of λ1 and supported catalyst 24, i.e. There are no substantial voids in the structure, which prevents contact of evolved gases and protons to the platinum catalyst portion. No additives such as PTFE are added. The contact of gas to the platinum part is by dissipation through the porous cathode backing structure -L'- and the ionomer 11. will be achieved. A suitable ionomer such as a perfluorosulfonate ionomer has sufficient oxygen permeability, and the diffusion path with a length of 5 to 10 μm is suitable for oxygen gas. does not cause significant oxygen transport losses through the film.

The proton penetration and gas diffusion effects of the electrolyte layer and the volume and contact of the ionomer 11 The relationship with the potential drop in the medium layer 22 indicates that the best catalyst layer 22 is It is always thin, that is, less than 10 μm thick, and the volume density of the supported catalyst 24 is large. There is an ionomer shadow in the gap, that is, the supporting carbon particles 11 are adjacent to each other. A low resistance electrical path is formed through the catalyst layer 22 in contact with the catalyst layer 22 .

Perfluorosulfonate ionomer (dry product) at a platinum loading of 20% by weight )/Pt-C weight ratio of about 1=3. Ion and electron transmission A dense film 22 is formed that is substantially free of voids or ice blocks that reduce conductivity. It will be done. The thickness of film 22 is determined to be active for a half-cell reaction at any current density. Optimum when the areas have equal thickness, adapting the catalyst thickness to a given operating current density The selection can be made based on the expected operating characteristics.

In one embodiment, film 22 includes a supported catalyst, solubilized ionomer, or and one or more volatiles to provide suitable viscosity for film formation. or formed from an ink formulation containing a degradable suspending material.

To obtain a preselected catalyst concentration, one or more layers can be applied to the release plate. Ink is applied over the rank. Preferred protocol is described below.

Protocol 1 1. Solubilized products such as Nafion (registered trademark of DuPont) 5% solution of perfluorosulfonate ionomer (Solution Technology (manufactured by Solution Technology) and a supported catalyst (manufactured by Massatu Technology). - Located in Newton Highlands, Platinum on carbon made by Prototech Company 19 ．． The weight ratio of Nafion (dry product)/Pt-C was Combine as 1=3.

2. Add water and glycerol so that the weight ratio of carbon/water/glycerol is 1.5:20. Add celerol.

3. The supported catalyst is uniformly dispersed in the ink, making it suitable for applying to the release blank. The mixture is stirred ultrasonically to prepare a viscous mixture.

4. Clean the Teflon film release blank and apply a thin layer of release agent to the blank. (e.g. TFE spray). Apply a layer of ink to the blank and place it in the oven. Heat at 135°C until dry. Add layers until desired catalyst loading is achieved. Add.

5. Polymer electrolyte membrane, counter electrode (anode electrode) and coated blank assembly Form brie. Load the assembly into a common hot press and press the selected temperature (i.e. 125°C for Nafion and rCJSPE material) Pressurize lightly until the temperature reaches 145℃, then pressurize at 70 to 90 atm for 90 seconds. do.

6. Let the assembly cool, then peel off the release blank from the film and remove the film. Leave the lume in a state where it is attached to the surface of the SPEPE membrane.

7. Place the non-catalyzed porous electrode (manufactured by Protochik) into the fuel cell assembly. A gas dissipating backing for the thin film catalyst layer is pressed onto the film.

To some extent, the solubilized Nafion acts as a surfactant and a surfactant for supported catalyst particles. It should be understood that it acts as a dispersant. However, Nafion's portion The dispersion must be controlled to provide a film of suitable density. Book Effective consistency for the invention is achieved by adding pt before adding the water and glycerol mixture. -c particles and solubilized Nafion are simply mixed together.

One advantage of the dense catalyst layer described here is that the bonding and printing of the catalyst layer to the SPE membrane is The reason is that the conductivity of the roton path is improved. Compared to conventional gas dissipation electrode structures The relatively rigid carbon matrix does not change its dimensions significantly upon hydration, but the hydrophilic Hydration of the adhesive material significantly increases the size of the SPE membrane. That is, the catalyst is carbon If included in the electrode structure, the continuity between the SPE surface and the catalyst interface will be adversely affected. Let's go. The dense catalyst layer according to the invention comprises a hydrophilic material as the main part of the catalyst layer. , they rarely behave differently due to surface expansion during hydration.

One disadvantage of forming the catalyst layer without a binder material such as PTFE is that A suitable ionomer such as Nafion must provide structural integrity for the layer. It is a must. For example, Nafion cannot be melt-processed and The recast catalyst layer film is a commercially available fluoropolymer SPE membrane structure. It has no integrity. However, the structural integrity of the film cannot be maintained at high temperatures. It was found that it could be improved by heating for a certain period of time. This is due to acid catalyzed discoloration. and deterioration, but an increase in structural integrity is beneficial. The film is In addition, heating slightly reduces hydrophilicity, which is important for cathode electrodes where water intrusion occurs. It's a benefit. A suitable treatment is exposure to a temperature of 130-135°C for 30 minutes. .

Another means to improve the structural integrity of the catalyst layer film is to improve the electrode structure. It is easily dispersed throughout the body and applied to a small volume so that the performance of the electrode is not significantly compromised. The first step is to introduce a binder material that provides structural integrity. ink tone Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) instead of glycerol in A useful catalyst layer was formed. Due to the properties of PVA as a surfactant, Good dispersion in the supported catalyst particles is provided, and its molecular structure allows for low weight Carbon particles and Nafion aggregates are used to create a strong film using PVA. combine. The film is formed with a PVA concentration of 10-12% by weight in the ink. .

In another embodiment of the invention, perfluorosulfonate iono of Na type By forming Nafion, the integrity of the catalyst layers 22 and 30 is improved. This avoids deterioration of the ionomer due to acid catalysts. Na-type barfluorosul The phonate layer is cured at a temperature of at least 150°C, preferably at least 160°C. However, the catalyzed membrane assembly is then converted to the H form, i.e. the proton form. The catalyzed membrane assembly is then completed. A preferred protocol is shown below. :Protocol I1 1. Mixture of Nafion and catalyst as described in Step 1 of Protocol I Prepare.

2. Add NaOH in the same molar amount as Nafion to convert Nafion to Na+ form. Mix thoroughly to form a mixture.

3. Prepare the ink as described in Steps 2 and 3 of Protocol I.

4. By soaking the proton type membrane in NaOH solution followed by rinsing and drying , or by making the film Na-type or +-type, Na-type Nafion Provide membrane.

5. Apply ink directly to one side of the membrane. The amount of catalyst applied to the membrane is transported to the surface. Determined by the amount of ink used.

Typically, two coats are required to obtain the desired catalyst loading. ink In one method of drying, the inked film is placed in a heated vacuum manifold. Reducer with fine sintered stainless steel filter on the top of the hold plate Place it on the pressure table. To seal the uncovered area of the vacuum table around the membrane, A silicone blanket with a cutout the size of the membrane area to which the ink is to be applied. is placed on the membrane. The vacuum table should be at least 15 It is operated at a temperature of 0°C, preferably about 160°C. The solvent in the ink is removed by vacuum. It appears that distortion of the film caused by this process is prevented, and a smooth and uniform film is formed. high temperature Upon application and drying, the catalyst layer hardens to provide flexibility and elasticity. It seems that the expensive film can be changed. Coat the second side of the membrane in the same way. be able to.

6. If necessary, heat the assembly at 70-90 atm and 185°C for about 90 seconds. Press.

7. Remove the acetate by boiling briefly in O, IM H2SO4 and rinsing in deionized water. The assembly is converted back to its proton form. Air dry the assembly and proceed with Protocol I. Combine with a non-catalyzed porous electrode as in Step 7.

In addition, the Na-type ink (steps 1 to 3 above) and the membrane in Protocol I can be used to form a separate catalyst film applied to the membrane.

In order to improve the integrity of the film, Na-type Nafion film is coated at high temperature. Sting is based on Moore et al. Rebearing Yu Solution - Cast - Perfluorosulfonate Iono Mar Films and Membranes (Procedure for Pr. eparing 5 solution-Cast Perfluorosulfo nate Ionomer Fflmsand Membranes) J, Anna Lithical Chemistry (Ana 1. Chem,...), 58 Vol. 2569-2570 (1986). This document is here Please refer to. This paper states that it can exhibit properties equivalent to dimethyl sulfocarbonate, but This suggests that the temperature is low. The above protocol is based on DMSO and glycerol. It appears to provide equal battery performance for both rolls. DMSO is a solid is the preferred suspending medium for spraying and applying the ink onto the membrane surface. Preferred solutions can also be formed.

2-7 are diagrams showing the performance of fuel cells manufactured according to the present invention. ink set All compositions were prepared using 19.8% by weight carbon powder XC-72 (manufactured by Protochik). It was prepared by mixing a platinum-supported catalyst and Nafion. Combine with catalyst layer The cathode electrode is a general PTFE bonded electrode that does not use a catalyst (Protochik Co., Ltd.). Made in Japan).

The fuel cells whose performance is shown in Figures 1 to 4 have cathodes manufactured according to Protocol I. , the catalyst loading amount is 0.35 mgPt/Cmz, and the white color by sputtering is A general anode (manufactured by Protochik) with a gold thickness of 500 angstroms was used. include. It is reasonable to use a common anodic electrode to compare the performance of cathodic electrodes. It will be understood.

The anode catalyst loading is expected to have little effect on battery performance, and in fact, The fuel cell, whose performance is shown in Figures 5 and 6, has high temperature contact with both the anode and cathode sides of the membrane. It has a medium layer. Both soot layers have the same catalyst loading, i.e. 0.1 to the electrode surface. 3mgPt/cm2, and the amount of catalyst packed in the entire battery is 0.2 to the electrode surface. 6mgPt/Cm2.

Figure 2 shows a conventional anode manufactured by Protochik, Nafion 11, 7 SPE membrane ( Voltage and current in a fuel cell consisting of a cathode with a catalyst layer (7 mils thick) and a catalyst layer This is a graph showing the relationship with density, and the fuel cell uses a Pt/C catalyst and Typhi 1 It was manufactured by mixing and hot pressing onto the SPE membrane. pure oxygen and as an oxygen source Catalyst loading using both air and 0.29mgPt/am2 and 0.35mgPt/ A comparison was made with respect to cm2. At high current densities, thinner layers (0,2 0mgPt/Cm2) cD is a thicker layer (0.35mgPt/cm2) It is easy to see that 'P'P shows better performance than 'P'P'. higher current density As a result, the active area of the catalyst layer becomes narrower, and less of the film thickness is utilized. Mass transfer losses increase and performance decreases in thicker films. pure oxygen and Comparatively, the lower oxygen partial pressure in air results in earlier performance at higher current densities. decreases rapidly.

Figure 3 shows that the SPE membrane is Membrane “C” (Japanese chloride Chlorfne Engine The fuel cell in Figure 2 was used with the exception that the perfluorosulfonate membrane (manufactured by ers Inc.) This is a graph showing the relationship between voltage and current density in a fuel cell with a structure similar to that of a pond. . Again, using both pure oxygen and air as the oxygen source, the catalyst loading was 0.15. A comparison was made between mgPt/am2 and 0.22mgPt/cm2. result This is consistent with the results shown for Nafion 117 forming an SPE film, and is very similar. Lower potential can be obtained from thicker films at higher current densities. .

The fuel cell performance shown in both Figures 2 and 3 is similar to that of a conventional Protochick cathode assembly. of assemblies using unsupported platinum catalysts with significantly higher platinum loadings. Close to performance. Figure 4 shows a particularly thin catalyst with a platinum loading of 0.15 mgPt/cm2. and the catalyst loading amount contained in the carbon electrode is 0.35 mgPt/am2, and For a catalyst with platinum sputtered to a thickness of 500 angstroms, It is a graph showing the relationship between voltage and current density of a cell. performance is substantially similar. It is easy to understand.

Performance of fuel cells formed by applying Na+ ink directly to Na+ membranes Shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Figure 5 shows the results on membrane “C” membrane according to protocol II. The performance of the thin film formed in The performance is at least comparable to that of the isolated thin film battery shown in No. 4. Figure 6 shows the protocol A graph showing the high temperature performance of thin films formed on “Dow” membranes by method II. The results show improved battery performance. "Dow" membrane is manufactured by Dow Chemical Company It is a proton conductive membrane that can be obtained from Regarding operation using pressurized oxygen, 0°4 points Low platinum loading of 0.13mgPt/Cm2 at cell voltages above is effective in generating current densities exceeding 3 A/cm2, especially , such a small filling volume is required for IA in cells operated with pressurized air. What is effective in achieving a battery voltage of 0.65 volts for /c m2 is Very important.

To further explain the large improvement in catalyst utilization efficiency provided by the present invention, FIG. The cathode in a fuel cell with four different cathode catalyst structures shown below is Showing cell voltage as a function of specific activity (A/mgPt): (1) Platinum loading 0° 15mg Pt/cm2 thin film catalyst layer 2) Applied directly to the membrane as an ink. (3) A high temperature thin film with a platinum loading of 0.13mgPt/cm2, (3) a catalyst loading of It has a platinum coating of 0.35mgPt/cm2 and a thickness of 500 angstroms. and (4) 4 m, gPt/cm2 of platinum. GE/H8-UTU type battery in which (unsupported) was hot pressed into SPE. GE/H8-UT The operating conditions for U-type batteries are significantly different from those of other batteries, including hardware and membrane needles. It should be noted that the comparison of performance is merely exemplary. of each kind The difference in specific activity of the electrodes is clearly large, and the thin film-supported catalyst layer of the present invention has a platinum catalyst. The medium is used most efficiently.

That is, according to the invention, the contact between the polymer electrolyte and the platinum catalyst cluster An improved catalyst layer structure with increased area and lower platinum loading allows the catalyst to It can be said that it is used. Contact area is increased in two ways.

The first method is to cast the supported catalyst and ionomer additive together. to form a catalyst layer. A second method is to completely remove the hydrophobic additive and The mer is uniformly dispersed in the catalyst layer. The latter consists of solubilized ionomer and platinum is blended into a homogeneous "ink", then a thin film catalyst layer is applied. This is achieved by forming a

Figures 2 and 3 show the proton penetration and gas contact and the resulting battery performance. Explains the significance of film thickness in influencing the As the current density increases, The active catalyst area becomes narrower. That is, the oxidizing gas is diffused into the inactive part of the catalyst layer. In the case of air, the restriction on mass transfer is due to the overpotential (over greatly increases the potentialjal). of the active region at a specific current density. An electrode thickness approximately equal to the thickness provides the best performance at that current density.

For example, a catalyst prepared according to the above principles of the present invention with a supported catalyst amount of 20 wt% Pt/C. In the catalyst bed, moderate fuel consumption is achieved with the loading amount reduced to approximately 0.1 mgPt/cm2. The battery performance changes, and then its properties decrease in proportion to the further decrease in catalyst loading. down. The thickness of the accompanying film ranges from 1 to 10 μm, preferably from 2 to 3 μm. exist in the surrounding area. 0.05 mg Pt/cm2 without significantly reducing performance. It is expected that the amount of media loading will be applied to the anode catalyst layer. Increase the thickness of supported catalyst For a given catalyst layer thickness, if a larger amount of platinum can be loaded without You can enjoy improved performance from

The foregoing description of preferred embodiments of the invention is provided to disclose and explain the invention. It is something. It is not exhaustive and is not intended to be limiting to what is disclosed. , modifications and variations are possible in light of the foregoing description. The above embodiments are the origin of the present invention. selected and described to best explain the principles and their practical applications; This allows a person skilled in the art to make various modifications as may be suitable for the particular application envisaged. Accordingly, the present invention can be best utilized in various aspects. . The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Current density (mA/cm2) Current density (mA/cm2) Current density (A/cm2) Current density (A/cm2) F 6 F 7 Summary book A thin catalyst between the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane and the porous electrode backing A gas-reactive fuel cell incorporating layers. The thickness of the catalyst layer is preferably about 10 μm There is no droplet, and the carbon-supported platinum catalyst loading amount is approximately 0.35 mgPt/c m2 less than The film is coated onto a film release blank and cured with ink. It is formed by Next, the cured film is transferred to the SPE membrane, and the film is placed on the surface of the SPE membrane. to form a catalyst layer with controlled thickness and catalyst distribution. Also , the catalyst layer is made by applying Na+ perfluorosulfonate ionomer directly to the membrane, Drying the film at high temperatures followed by converting the film back to the proton ionomer. formed by. This layer has appropriate gas permeability, so battery performance is affected. conduction of electron flow and protons from the half-cell reaction occurring in one catalyst. and has an effective density and particle distribution to optimize contact with the catalyst.

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Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A gas reactor with a solid polymer electrolyte to separate the anode and cathode electrodes. A fuel cell based on a supported platinum catalyst and a proton-conducting ionomer. A composite film having a thickness of less than about 10 μm comprises a solid polymer electrolyte and at least a cathode. The catalyst has a platinum loading of approximately 0.35 mgPt/cm. 2. A gas-reactive fuel cell characterized in that the gas reaction fuel cell is uniformly dispersed so as to be less than . 2. The gaseous reaction fuel according to claim 1, wherein the platinum loading is about 0.1 mg/cm2 or more. battery. 3. The proton conducting material is the same material that forms the solid polymer electrolyte. A gas reaction fuel cell according to claim 1. 4. At least one solution containing perfluorosulfonate ionomer in Na + form Drying at a temperature of 50°C followed by perfluorosulfonate ionomer in Na+ form. from perfluorosulfonate ionomer by converting to proton form. The gaseous reaction fuel according to claim 1, wherein a film of proton-conducting ionomer is formed. battery. 5. The process of moving the film changes the selected catalyst loading onto the stripping plank. The process of forming a film in such a way that the film is placed on the surface of a solid polymer electrolyte. The process of curing a film and adhering it to its surface by applying heat and pressure 2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of: , and removing the peel plank from the film. 6. The step of dispersing the catalyst in the ionomer further comprises dispersing the solvent into the ionomer and the ionomer. adding to the catalyst to obtain a mixture having a viscosity effective for film formation; 6. The method of claim 5, including the step of agitating the mixture to disperse the medium. 7. A gas reactor with a solid polymer electrolyte to separate the anode and cathode electrodes. 1. A method for producing a fuel cell using a supported platinum catalyst, the method comprising: A step of uniformly dispersing the ionomer in the ionomer using the catalyst. The process of forming a thin film, transferring the film to the surface of a solid polymer electrolyte process, and porous electrode against the film to form at least the cathode electrode A method that includes the step of pressing a structure. 8. Furthermore, it includes a step of converting the perfluorosulfonate ionomer into Na+ form. The method according to claim 7. 9. The membrane may be a Na+ type or K+ perfluorosulfonate material membrane. The method described in claim 8. 10. Additionally, the thin film of the ionomer can be converted into a proton type ionomer. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising the step of: 11. The process of moving the film ensures that the selected catalyst loading on the release blank is The process of forming a film on the surface of a solid polymer electrolyte hot pressing to cure the film and adhere the film to the surface; 8. The method of claim 7, including the steps of: and removing the peel plank from the film. 12. The step of dispersing the catalyst in the ionomer further comprises dispersing the ionomer and Adding a solvent to the catalyst to obtain a mixture having a viscosity effective for film formation, or 12. The method of claim 11, comprising the step of agitating the mixture to disperse the catalyst and the catalyst. . 13. Gas with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane to separate the spacing and cathodic electrodes 1. A method of producing a perfluorosulfonate ionomer, the method comprising: The process of converting into Na+ type, white in Na+ type perfluorosulfonate ionomer. Process of dispersing gold-supported catalyst and solvent to form ink, solid polymer electrolyte forming a layer of the ink containing a predetermined amount of catalyst on the membrane; A step of heating at a temperature of 150°C for a time effective for drying the ink, and a Na + type Those that include the step of converting the perfluorosulfonate ionomer into the proton type Law. 14. The process of converting perfluorosulfonate ionomer into Na+ form involves proton The process of adding sodium hydroxide to the perfluorosulfonate ionomer in the mold 14. The method of claim 13, comprising: 15. Furthermore, it includes a step of converting the solid polymer electrolyte membrane into Na+ type or K+ type. 15. The method according to claim 14. 16. Furthermore, maintain the planar of the membrane on a vacuum table to deposit a layer of ink on the membrane. 14. The method of claim 13, including the step of forming.