JPH05502144A - Device for forward localization of auditory events generated by stereo headphones - Google Patents

Abstract

By means of an iteratively produced shift in both acoustic-transducer systems of a stereo headset, the shift being principally downwards and forwards with respect to the line of vision, starting from the reference position used in conventional acoustic-transducer installations in the earpiece, an auditory event is produced which is located substantially horizontally in front of the listener. The most important component of the empirical iterative process is a compensating shift in the headphone acoustic transducers by vector addition in a downwards direction relative to the up-in-head localization which usually occurs with head-specific exposure to acoustic waves. The frequency-dependent differences in sound level which occur, in contrast to conventional acoustic-transducer installations, as a result of this combined shift in the acoustic-transducer systems are used in the same way for a separate multi-channel antidistortion concept in conventional stereo headphones to give an individually simulated "horizontally in front" auditory environment. Sound stimuli of this kind located horizontally in front of the listener are produced independently of the recorded sound and recording technique to be reproduced by the stereo headphones. The result is an increase in quality of the auditory events generated by the stereo headphones in the context of the multi-dimensional reproduction in space of concert-hall acoustics for instance.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Device for forward localization of auditory events generated by stereo headphones The present invention is a device for forward localization of auditory events generated by stereo headphones. It is related to.

Headphones for extrahead localization of auditory events use modified free-field or diffuse-field or directionally neutrally de-emphasized. is known (K, enui t: -νarc++s FreeHel d″Report to theBerlin Radio Exhibition on 1983; gen (wireless technology report), volume 1/191113. pages 17-26, doi China Patent Application No. 3131347.7-35, FortschrjtLe der Akustik (Development of acoustic technology) - DAGA1987.477~ 480 pages).

The basis of this known method is to mimic the performance of the human ear for directional locations. This is well defined to be satisfactory. i.e. the upper part of the body , taking into account the outer parts of the torso, head, and ears. They are artificial, oriented As a unit in mixed gender consoles and headphone manifestations and modifications be considered.

In this area, there are currently two main types of development in the human race. that These types can be classified into those with free sound field modification and those with diffuse sound field modification. (Brueel & Kjaer catalog: “Head and Trunk Siliulator 41211! ”, German Patent Application No. 3146706 ．． Specification No. 7; Rundfunktechnische Mitteilun gen (Wireless Technology Report), Volume 1/1981. Pages 1-6. Furthermore, currently Now, there are only two directional mixing consoles mainly based on free-field sound transmission. is only being developed.

(HEAD-ACUSTIC8: 1nforation pump old et and report of the 13th Audio 0perator s’ Corrvention, Munich, 1984, ■03~llohe Ji, AKLITISCHE U, KIIIO-GERAETE, Information Pan fret).

The specific importance of individual adjustments of the "artificial headphone" device is discussed in various aspects. Reference is made to (J.

Blauert: 5patial Audition, Po5tscrip t, new Developments and Trends 5 ince 1 972. S, former Rzel Publishing, 1985, ^custica: Volume 4g, 2 (pages 72-274). Here, we must take into account the acoustic signal transmission method. . Particular attention is paid to mimicking the human ear's ability for directional location, at an angle of 1 dB. mean. Frequency response shifts of greater than 1 dB may cause the intracranial localization of the auditory event to change. cannot be avoided in this way. The reason for this is when playing through headphones. The procedure for assigning an auditory event to a sound source includes the visual synthesis required to make the connection. This is because it lacks a diagram (G.

Plenge: Problem or the Intracranial Localizationor 5ound 5source in Huma n Acoustic Perception.

Hab+l1tatlon, TU-Berlin 1973, pages 25 and below) . Therefore, a single device that performs possible head localization of an artificial or directional console. Stereo sound signals are transmitted individually and directionally in front of the headphones and then encoded later. It is quite important to fascisce (they fit the recording device) (F, K oenig: Patent Application No. 392211111.0). In addition to this, measurement methods, the design of the measuring equipment and the results obtained therefrom, and the determination of the transmission function of the external ear. As mentioned in the overview (above, Blauert: 5patiaIAudi tion, see Po5tscript).

obtained as a simplified procedure that works more quickly (e.g. frequency-dependent A figure is obtained after a few seconds of measurement time of the solder, which allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the strain caused by the solder. F.

Koenig (Patent Application Nos. 3903246.9 and 39 12582.3). On the recording and playback of directionally true acoustic radiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of ``head localization'' in the playback of recordings via acoustic radiation using headphones. To reduce boring side effects, Blauert/Boerger/Lam5/ By Kurer/Plenge/vi1ken/Pleiderer etc. Efforts have been made (Patent Application No. 223316.0, No. 2628053.0) -31 specifications, Patent Application Publication No. 1927401, Patent Application Publication No. 224416, Specifications of No. 245440 and No. 2557519, Funk Techni k (Wireless Technology) Volume 6+7/1984, Special Printing, Patent Application No. 3112874. 2-35, respectively).

Particular emphasis should be placed on the last process (PM Pfreiderer's). can. The reason is as announced in "Processor for external head localization". auditory events that correspond to scientific terms when used in good approximation for practical purposes. This is because it provides something other than localization. (Above, G PIenge, habi literation publication, 1973. reference). What is this device? It is an effective processor that can be used to construct the fundamental tone following the stereo sound or to It does not realize one of the possible sound directions in natural three-dimensional localization (upwards in the head). divergence from localization). As shown, the directionality of the outer ear contributes to this (above, Bl auert, 5patial Audition.

See Po5tscript)・ Regarding effective processors and their technical realization, there are many papers, publications and and patent applications are about to appear. They are especially suitable for simulating spatial reflection patterns. It describes the ration. Therefore, today there is a wide range of such Variably programmable reverberation and echo devices (space dimensions, spatial structure and and spatial design). Also, “A new kind of presence Ruta J (J, Blauert: Fernsehund Kfno-Techn ik (television and film technology), 1970. Volume 3, pages 75-78 has been known since 1970, and is also known as a 'model' is also known. There, there is a horizontal position that can be placed "in front" and in front of the head. Corrects the difference in the direction of incidence of sound from the side to the lateral direction, which can be placed near the ear. treated (1 (, Genuit: doctoral dissertation, Aachen University of Science and Technology, 1 984. pages 81-82).

Finally, when the acoustic transducer device of the headphones is moved forward in the viewing direction, It is known that the auditory event can be more or less accurately localized horizontally forward.

This is due to the fact that certain linear corrections are not directed while the pinna receives sound radiation at close range. So that righteousness may be done. Now, forward in the viewing direction to achieve the said effect. The acoustic transducer structure must be placed at least about 10 ci from the of an auditory event Horizontal forward localization is via acoustic radiation using stereo headphones (U.S. Pat. No. 3, 592,978, German Patent No. 2128677). this is expensive Supported by stereo headphones realized at a cost. This is where the sound should be emitted. Bass and mid/treble acoustic variations that are modulated separately parallel to the left and right pinnae. provides a converter device (German Patent No. 2541332; Funksch au (Radio Review) 10/+977.57-58 and 71-72 pages The present invention has, as its basic interest, The purpose of this invention is to construct a device for forward localization of auditory events. Furthermore , this device, and thus configured stereo phone, is ideal for those who do not method and a method configured according to the method for modifying conventional headphones, as well as a method configured according to A filter circuit that enables auditory events to be localized forward using REO headphones. We provide a method to achieve this.

For this device, this task is performed by the features of claim 1.

Therefore, the gist of the present invention is a vector that interferes with upward localization within the head. It consists of an acoustic direction "down" compensation and a directional "forward" additional emphasis. that is a) localization away from the head or b) Horizontal forward localization of auditory events (independent of the recording method, e.g. sound canning) added to produce

In other words, during the short-range acoustic emission of the test object, for example, the head-related The perception of directionality as “horizontal-front” during stereo sound playback depends on the input of the sound. By directing the individual directionality of the human anatomical hearing, which is specific to the directionality of the angular The directionality of the incident sound is only 1 dB), but the two components of the directivity of the incident sound are It was secured by the conjunction of ``Fuwa'' and ``Fuwa''. In this connection, according to the invention Therefore, there is a total neglect of the "downward" compensatory movement (of the headphone acoustic transducer device). If the directional characteristic of an individual exceeds a threshold of 1 dB, the The same undesired perception of the direction of the auditory event results in Become. The auditory event is perceived to be forward in the viewing direction, but is fixed diagonally upward at approximately 45 degrees. (Intracephalic upward localization: This is the process of recording a known head-related stereo sound. and corresponding to the characteristic features of the regeneration process).

Advantageous procedures for optimizing the device of the invention are set out in claims 2 to 12. . Here before we move the headphone acoustic transducer device and bring the result here Efforts are made to minimize the distance to allow orientation.

For this purpose, preferably high-band diffuse sound field modified stereo headphones and their At least one of the stereo headphone acoustic transducer devices is used.

Basically, the gist of the invention represented by the device of the invention can be implemented in various ways. can be expressed. It is particularly advantageous with respect to cost that as soon as the acoustic transducer according to the invention Based on traditional headphones that are repositioned forward and downward in a Is Rukoto. Those headphones are described in claims 13 and 14. realization can.

As an alternative to this, claims 15 to 25 provide for conventional placement of the acoustic transducer device in the outer ear. to use stereo headphones, and modify the stereo headphones appropriately. or by connecting suitable two-channel filter circuits in series. According to the present invention, stereo headphones are provided that perform forward localization of auditory events. be. Further advantageous realizations of the invention are specified in claims 26-41.

It is for this reason that it is advantageous to proceed with a number of claims 2 to 41.

This is appropriate. In particular, a) Acoustic transducer equipment that favors horizontal forward positioning of auditory events using different people During the use of numerous applications of this method to determine the optimal placement of enabling sustained testing and/or measurement; b) From a), in a similar manner as a continuation of the method, to a linear strain that allows forward localization (Also interpreted as a comb filter), this is a faster and easier way to supply the filter. We supply correspondingly designed multi-channel (digital) filter systems. , c) Auditory events given under a) and b) to provide comparability of the realization of the process. Placement of acoustic transducers to aid horizontal forwarding, or filters connected in series d) placement of acoustic transducers to assist upward localization within the head; d) forward localization and spatial acoustics; Dimensional simulation allows for overall comparability of auditory events compared to conventional stereo heads. Provided by Hon. This is because the device is obtained in this way.

In addition, to counteract the localization of auditory events above the head that normally occurs, stereo heads Directivity cannot be determined unambiguously using only the downward compensating movement of the acoustic transducer device. A “virtual auditory event” is realized according to one of claims 2 to 12, such that However, it is advantageous to emphasize only the forward direction.

Furthermore, in order to realize an auditory event in the opposite horizontal direction, in other words, in the rear direction, Dual channel, left and right channels modified for the benefit of forward localization of auditory events It is advantageous to exchange auditory events.

It also produces improved spatiality and spatial acoustics for each ear exposed to sound. For forward localization of auditory events, when a multichannel acoustic transducer device is used for On the other hand, in addition to the headphone acoustic transducer device placed at the front and lower side, the viewing direction is On the opposite side, placement of the headphone acoustic transducer device below and behind the external ear structure. It is also advantageous to select according to claim 16. In all according to claim 35 The four acoustic transducer devices are modulated separately.

In addition, according to one of claims 21.22.39.40, stereo headphones The reproduction characteristics of the acoustic transducer device are determined at approximately 300 Hz by state response and head response. It is possible to extend the level slope of the acoustic signal to a third width, which is 3 dB. It's advantageous. This is e.g. detailed by BLA [IERT and GENUIT]. It is clearly stated.

Much the same is true for directing horizontal forward localization with headphone acoustic transducer devices. It also applies to the arrangement of auditory events (according to claim 13). it's the design of it , i.e. in its transmission characteristics, according to the theoretical signal transmission base. specially modified (eg in reflective space). This is an acoustic transducer If the device deviates from its traditional positioning, it will no longer be tracked accurately and the sound Adjustment of the sound pattern (e.g., diffuse field post-emphasis) is provided in claims 39 and 40. will be carried out. Here, a narrow band (1/3 Narrower bandwidth) distortion, high bandwidth (one-third wider bandwidth) pseudo-directional neutral acoustically minimized over the entire listening range through modification (in particular, human acoustic stimulation (by using the masking effect that can be placed near the).

Also, for producing horizontal forward localization of the auditory event according to claim 13.15 or 16. This is advantageous because the device results in proper external ear transmission function. acoustic transducer In an ideal modification of the device, this would correspond to claim 13.15 or 1B in each case. The frequency-dependent level sequence determined by MJ in the auditory canal by the means described in It means agreement with.

Furthermore, according to claim 41, the amplifier provides a headphone with respect to electrical transmission characteristics. The modulation of the acoustic transducer device advantageously embodies the following requirements:

* Useful signal-to-noise level spacing greater than 96 dB, * Wider than 60 dB volume range, Linear distortion (maximum deviation) less than 10.5 dB and non-linear distortion less than *01% line strain This can also be applied to all digital audio signals according to claims 26-40. preferable.

In addition to this, a stereo headphone with an acoustic transducer device placed in the external character in the conventional manner is also available. Computer-aided independent mapping of filters to obtain multidimensional spatial acoustic properties Due to multi-channel, digital simulation and audio signal delay, claims It is advantageous to use a low-pass filter treatment according to No. 26. Here, the digital code The format of the unprocessed stereo audio signal is first copied, for example. this for horizontal anterior positioning of the auditory event according to one of claims 15 to 22. Then, the copied digital stereo audio signal is modified. Is it a stereo audio signal? , which directs the positioning of auditory events above and horizontally in the head. two pairs of channels The generation of multidimensional spatial acoustic characteristics continues. Then they are final (compare claim 36).

Those spatial acoustic characteristics generated are Based on a near-natural digital simulation of changing spatial reflection patterns. Ru.

Here, a number of reverberation simulations and spatial Can generate simulations.

sending those simulations to various headphone acoustic transducer devices; Free selection to perform at least one variable mixing into the stereo audio signal can.

Preferably, this spatial simulation depends on the loudness level of the audio signal. This causes spectral changes in the spatial reflection pattern, particularly in the overall sound It is constructed so that it is patterned by free space damping during diffusion.

Traditionally, headphones and audio signal regenerators (e.g. compact disc players) horizontal forward auditory event location generated by with respect to each individual support horizontal anterior auditory event position according to claims 30-32 Replaceable low-pass filter records where modification information (code) is manually programmed. storage module (actually this corresponds to a RAM card or ROM card) (preferably), for example, an audio signal that is sustained before stereo headphones inserted into the regenerator.

As a result, the regenerator is compatible with those items of regenerator and conventional stereo headers. Those items in the dohon will be modified accordingly to be adjusted here (allowing forward localization) ).

The advantages that can be obtained with the help of the technology of the invention with respect to the state of the art include, inter alia: a) Recordings (mono or monophonic, such as AB-technology, support point technology, artificial technology) Horizontal forward localization (stage effects) ) will be realized, b) Decrease in stereo base width (technical According to the surgical condition, for example, the normal sound emission of stereo headphones in the upper head position. Headphone acoustic modification that allows forward localization of about 10 CI in the viewing direction from 180' (recommended stereo panorama) up to 120° aperture angle of the converter. (Here, the travel distance is short, so 160 @ (larger), C) the efficiency of individual stereotaxic movement corrections for headphone types is almost unaffected. Since the sound remains unaffected, particular consideration must be given to the frequency response and the acoustic transducer device. d) the type and time of the desired movement in the localization of head-related signals; being able to decide freely, e) counteracting intrahead upward localization, associated with a “forward” emphasis in directionality; Knowledge or scientific discourse regarding the existence of compensating acoustic transducers moving in the direction "downward" Due to the lack of The actual spatial acoustic characteristics of the insert hole can be generated independently of the acoustic signal source (by Headphones: Mainly upward localization within the head, signals that are “intended to be forward” (see low percentage of forward sound localization), f) Considerable headphone acoustic transducer device compared to forward movement with respect to travel distance The movement that was required to indicate the appropriate auditory event due to the predominant downward movement. more than half of the distance is saved; g) Acoustic transducer placement in front of the pinna thus allowing a forward sound location in other cases Normal bass loss due to the addition of a bass transducer directly to the pinna is reduced to a small value Does not require equipment (uses intermediate frequency/high frequency acoustic conversion amount and average directional characteristics of the ear) As a result of the recording method, the intracranial upward localization is individually reduced, so that the directionally Accurate sound reproduction will occur, but the "downward" reproduction compensation modification will result in significant What the mean correction does, 1) Therefore, especially in order to distinguish between “front” and “behind”, it is necessary to use artificial recordings. enhanced direct positioning information constructed by ”) For this reason, the headphone has the desired effect on the location where the sound is located. The introduction of an "average" filter also promises success (by comparison, an "average" correction Compensation modification is played via headphones, unmodified and artificial only k) to perform better forward localization than the sound source received “in front” from the ear; k) due to the shape of the pinna; A set of stereo headers directing horizontal forward positioning of auditory events for individual effects. Measured geometric, "average" placement of the headphone's acoustic transducer, looking horizontally forward Proximity of sound stimulation in the direction (prerequisite: person with healthy auditory system), l ) shown for electrical, filter-bound, head-related, individual forward modifications. (acoustically inert, i.e. less reflective and less expensive) The cost of the measurement technology (including the need for a measurement room) is more favorable in terms of cost. What is now known is that m) For example, telecommunication (coordination loudspeaker matching) events and of stereo headphones that allow forward localization along with visual events on the monitor image. , that possible uses outside of normal high-fidelity applications are provided; Consists of.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the horizontal front of an acoustic event according to the invention, based on a conventional acoustic transducer device. A “data flow tree” representing all possible substeps leading to a configuration that gives rise to localization. ” is shown.

FIG. 2 shows the movement of a headphone acoustic transducer according to the invention, placed on a vertical plane. Shows a vector of parts indicating the location of the sound that occurs during the process.

Figure 3 shows that forward localization results as a result of the use of individually adjusted filter groups. The first frequency-dependent difference level record (for test object No. 1) generated when ).

Figure 4 shows forward localization as a result of individually adjusted filters being used. The first frequency-dependent difference level record (for test subject N011) ).

Figure 5 shows the walls of the first reflection distribution that are stereophonically different with respect to time and energy. shows a specific spatial reflection due to

Possible signal flows and services to be executed sequentially for applications that can be achieved with the present invention. A “data tree” that provides information about the results of each step (Figure 1) Reference) The basic stage is installed according to the manufacturer's intentions. It consists of a set of stereo audio signals (1), and based on this, The position (3) of the headphone acoustic transducer device in the outer ear for forward localization is Determined by process (2). Two new headphone sound transducer devices Using the data thus obtained about the desired locations, one opportunity for (3a) without manual assistance (using both hands to hold it in place). A special retainer (and For example, head bands, head harnesses and headphone cups) have been designed.

To generate a space (e.g. a concert hall with a spatial reflection pattern) to constitute a kind of ambiophonic reproduction associated with the beginning of the audio signal (3b). For each stereo channel, in front of the pinna (comparable to (1)), The headphone acoustic transducer device holder (in (3a) or similar) is suitable for Extended with acoustic transducers. In this regard, as in +(3a) which allows forward localization Both acoustic transducer devices are so distorted (or A stereo audio signal (possibly ``reverberated'' in a similar manner) is provided, and + delayed (with respect to the channel or acoustic transducer) as in (32) , the non-anteriorly modified “reverberant component” is sent to two transducers located in the pinna. supplied (i.e. should be derived from the lower signal, e.g. in a concert hall) Acoustic spatial reflection pattern (6).

Therefore, reference was also made to the explanations in 51b), (5Ib2) and (6) below. stomach. ) Furthermore, a variably switchable four-channel mode is provided.

As an alternative to this, we can measure (1) and (3) by measuring the external ear attenuation factor of two headphones. The digital level (4I) or or an analog level (411).

In (4I), the data are individual, pinaural, “average” that allows forward localization. (determined by at least 4 repeated measurements) As shown, this is combined with the aid of computer support. true flat In the case of equalization, this is a group of people (each group has at least 8 test subjects) will be carried out again on the basis of Here, the statistical average value at the relative level value According to the formation of However, some exhibit most of the characteristics of others according to the formation of the communicative functions that exist. (similar to empirical correction). frequency due to very large groups of people From this statistical expansion of the dependent level data, it is possible to should be used to form numerous subgroups. For each of them, A dual channel modification that allows for This is selected for one of the subgroups. This modification, or the individual directional characteristics of any one test subject in that subgroup. Follow it completely. In this way, one "average" water hand forward localization correction is selected. For example, according to the invention, the intracranial upward localization, which is sometimes to be predicted progressively, can be used individually. There should certainly be a reduction in contrast to the four "average" corrections that can be made. Supplement this Therefore, the use of “individual” modifications that allow forward localization also contributes to further reduction of intracranial superior lows. I have to point out that. (About hardware design related to users (See point E for details).

Data from (4) is equally enabled via the alternative input procedure (2a).

This is generally expressed alpha-mathematically (e.g. keying level values in three-quarter frequency steps). - realized through board input or by scanning the human structure. this In relation to (2a), the data from (2), or following this, ( 3) shall have data from and the sound emission characteristics of the test headphones.

Frequency-dependent levels typical of forward localization occurring in (4I) or (411) Distortion at the attenuation rate of stereo headphones (41a or balanced modulator) Integration in the component (41b) (or in the electrical circuit to be developed) be done. The device is compatible with stereo headphones used that do not allow forward localization. connected upstream of the stereo headphones to be controlled. It's an analog device or configured as a digital device (41 lb).

As an alternative to the above, from (4I) in the form of a dual channel - analog-digital conversion the converter (51a), the processor (and other elements of the electronic data processing device) and the device. Post-processing by processing the serial data via a digital-to-analog converter (5l b) Depending on the type of audio signal being used (in this case, for example analog), forward localization Modified circuit + (similar to 411b) that allows) and - modified stereo audio signal (51b1) allowing forward localization; does not allow forward localization, but is significantly delayed and directed toward spatial reflectance (6). (combination of data), (combination of data), A circuit for serial data processing using the same elements as in 51a), or - Also, it allows forward localization or the loudness is small (quieter) (5Ib2) The modified component of the signal is also provided with stereo spatial reflections (6) (but with no reverberation structure). In (51b1), which was changed to (deviate from 5Ib1) in the structure Like, with the circuit, and - Direct action on the forward localization, e.g. linear, allowing corrections below about 2 kHz. (the association between the acoustic effects of the head and the state in the forward localization of acoustic events) - Models within the sound field of Dijon's direction perception and their associated associated stereo sounds (51c) and is being developed. Here, at each location F, from (51c) and (411b ), (51a), (5Ib1), (5Ib2). So This generally represents an individually modified stereo sound reproduction device.

Element (6) corresponds to a space simulator. This is the hearing room or concert hall. variably configures the natural acoustic properties of the ball, thus creating a “head-associated multichannel channel playback (at least two channels). this is realized by appropriately combining the data crosswise or serially (one generally with amendments).

Forward localization with headphones, including the possibility to select the unaffected original sound Optimally many versions of electrical modification of stereo audio signals to simulate Free switching between the two modes is possible.

Elements (4I Ib), (5I a), (51b) that process data, and (7) Efforts were made to miniaturize (2) from (5). This includes the parts used and It applies in particular to the overall structure of the circuit involved.

A) Localization recognition First, a test subject receiving sound from a headphone set is asked to All of the important effects of testing for determining the location of auditory events that are of interest have been explained. child The special part of this is generally a) 90 degrees vertically oriented intracranially (i.e. “at the top of the head”); a) auditory event localized anterolaterally of the head (i.e. 0 in the viewing direction); Accurate discriminability and classifiability of auditory events (positioned horizontally forward) It was. This was demonstrated by those conducting the test.

Once there is a fluid transition between a) and b), a new In an urgent need to determine where the headphone acoustic transducer must be located. test, at a 45 degree angle of elevation in the viewing direction (in the trisecting plane) in front of the forehead. The ability to localize acoustic events-two sounds that are brought close together has acquired special importance.

The aim of this is that the test subjects themselves normally listen to music that is perceived as pleasant. while the headphone acoustic transducer device is being moved. According to b)) it was possible to achieve horizontal forward localization independently.

This is called the "stage effect." The reason for this is that the subjectively perceived acoustic This is because the location of the event is simulated as "in front." ;actually on the spot For example, there is no orchestra there. In this context, strength stereo sound technique Any type of recording made using a technique is recommended. Stereo under certain circumstances Since no clear upward localization within the head can be found with headphones, artificial head music works are unsuitable. Appropriate.

Before the test subject constitutes a "stage effect", i.e. before horizontal forward localization. Colo 2, for which the outline of the procedure mode must be determined in advance, is With the help of vector representations, unmodified i.e. according to the manufacturer's instructions. Figure 1 shows the part (1) in which the sound source is searched for using the stereo headphone acoustic transducer device worn on the device. . + (5): Shows the outline of one headphone cup). It's a stereo headphone This corresponds to the upward localization within the head (1) of an auditory event that is irradiated with sound by a sound source. second vector (2) is moved from its position to the stereo headphone sound transducer device. At the same time, the top of the compensation direction "bottom" is formed. This allows sound source positioning in the upper part of the head. Fixed part (1) is eliminated.

Vector (3) is the front, i.e. the "stage effect" of the hearing. Represents the perceived enhancement of the direction of sexual events. Here, please follow the manufacturer's instructions. The stereo headphones (represented by the outline (5)) worn in the ears are is moved according to vectors (2) and (3) to a position that allows forward localization of the auditory event. (See element (6) in Figure 2). In addition, the acoustic transducer device (6) of the headphones or the For acoustic effects, for example, the elements (6) are moved toward the outer ear (4) at an angle of 30 degrees. According to the perspective representation of the contour in the headphone acoustic transducer device) the direction in which the sound spreads is Here it is represented by vector (7).

B) Direction finding test According to Figure 2, those steps that are theoretically and schematically handled are worth it. Here, the test subject is to listen to music, for example, through headphones through a stereo system. It is important to add one more time at O. All products on the market are tested as headphones. It is suitable for a) operating on the open principle; b) surround the ears c) has an adjustable headband; and d) an acoustic transducer adjustable in many axes; and e) an acoustic transducer device thereof. (for each channel) corresponds to a point source. For example, the dimensions are 100■X A wide surface radiator that is 100 ■ (perfectly ) is inappropriate. Due to the hidden aim of horizontal forward localization of auditory events, the following countermeasures are proposed: Rework method will be adopted.

First, the stereo headphones are placed in the manufacturer's command state, and then the acoustic changes are made. The signal modulator of the converter is activated. Then both headphone acoustic transducer devices are With both hands, hold it fully (approximately 5 to 1011I11) from the surface of the head/temple side. Raised, the butting of the skull only touches the pinna of the ear. after that , the headphone acoustic transducer device is moved in each case forward (in the viewing direction) and The spatial position of the auditory event in steps smaller than 5 mm downwards (vertically in the viewing direction). pay attention to. Generally, after 15II11 three-dimensional travel distances, the definition of an auditory event (e.g. 30 degrees forward elevation in the median plane).

This realizes the moving process of stereo headphones.

It now no longer changes, but in the case of individual movements in the localization of auditory events. be made dependent on the In the example just described, at an elevation angle of 30 degrees, the auditory event is You can already process a strong forward emphasis. For this reason, the downward horizontal forward ■ Additional compensatory movements are recommended (directed in the opposite direction to intracranial upward orientation). child , the position for an auditory event that no longer corresponds to horizontal forward localization If the downward movement that has just taken place is relative to the selected I11 distance, halved, i.e., reduced by half. Then I was charged 'stage effects' can be added or subtracted in an empirical manner to further Optimized by reduced movement steps. In this example, first A 1-2 am move to Equilibration of the process takes place. A new position for stereo headphones that allows forward localization has been discovered. When attached, finally, a) a small downward protective movement of approximately 1 mm is added, and b) the sound illumination efficiency of the auditory canal is increased. Both headphone acoustic transducer devices are directed toward the pinna/canal in order to arranged at an angle (approximately 20 to 40 degrees in azimuth and elevation in the horizontal and median planes) . Now suppose that the perceived position of the auditory event changes unfavorably. Small corrective movements of the Dohon acoustic transducer device (see above, ``Empirical, translational pro- gram one more session) and the headphones are held at an angle.

To provide an example, we will discuss the following examples, which are widely available commercially (open, over-the-ear), and (diameter This is a headphone model with a circular acoustic transducer (approximately 30 cm), with a vertically downward A final travel distance of 45 ■ (azimuth/elevation angle of 35 degrees) is obtained. On the other hand, walk The last movement is reduced by about 50% when the Mann headphone model is used. Those for distance are used. Here, the auditory nerve pathway becomes the reference point, and its In front are headphones, which are worn according to the manufacturer's instructions and are usually placed in the center. For the test object this corresponds to the current ratio 321 (downward travel distance (ratio of separation and horizontal movement distance). (Figure 1 (3b) (according to) the assumed multi-character The channel acoustic illumination allows forward localization and is placed forward and downward. sound Next to the acoustic transducer device (for each pinna) (direct, i.e. unprocessed sound voice signal), place a second acoustic transducer device (modulation using spatial reflectance pattern) . So.

Normally, it is placed in front of the pinna according to the manufacturer's instructions and connects the auditory nerve pathway. Based on the reference point, move it backwards and downwards, and finally place it in the specified position.

Appropriate for this. Regarding finding the resting position for the acoustic transducer, see above. The following procedural steps are performed. In this context, the minimum distance traveled to produce the maximum effect Separated. This is because its acoustic transducer device placed below and behind the stereo ``Virtual'' (term: 1 pepsi) where the sound is slightly backward localized when modulated by (see page after page) produces an auditory event. Note: Emitting sound using stereo headphones General rear positioning and lowering of acoustic transducer devices for rear localization of auditory events Since lateral positioning is too expensive, we recommend using an external ear ``solution'' that results in a larger travel distance. It is impractical due to its shape (anatomical direction-dependent filter). Finally, forward and The acoustic transducer devices located at the rear [1] and at the rear and below [11] were originally Direct audio signal and [111 spatial reflection pattern) and then the arrangement according to Fig. 1 (3b). In contrast, auditory events are presented. The auditory event is three-dimensional with respect to space. Re-evaluated and expanded one more time Therefore, the “data tree” in Figure 1 is expanded. It is possible to

This position for the stereo headphone acoustic transducer device, which also allows forward localization, It is held constant until the data collection within the shape of the geometry and the external ear attenuation factor are completed. dripping

C) Hardware concept The generation of horizontal forward localization of auditory events by moving the stereo headphone acoustic transducer device. The measurement and design of the available data regarding the implementation of the One of three possible examples of interdisciplinary applications can be deepened: The key fundamentals are: It is formed.

a) Using digital level dual channel correction information from various analog wideband signals a large number of electronic data processing devices (EOP devices), and b) Assessing the recognition of people's decision-making processing regarding the direction of sound by examining the shape of external characters, initials, and states. (causing linear distortion).

This applies equally to all spatially distributed sound sources. That is, outside This also applies when the ears are exposed to sound from headphones.

Therefore, the typical linear distortion in the (forward) direction, which varies, produces the headphone sound. Occurs in the outer ear at any location chosen to position the acoustic transducer device. and their linear strain is (1) normal and installed according to the manufacturer's instructions; (2) moved and ``Allows directional orientation'', now recorded relative to the position of the stereo headphones.

D) Measurement of linear distortion when the headphones are moved.

To simulate forward localization that is independent of directional movement, we use a frequency-dependent difference level. bell information is added and then, in accordance with the invention, a stereo headphone sound transducer The necessary additive continuing pre-emphasis of the device is obtained as follows. .

First, a suitable probe is implanted approximately 41 into the ear canal. later modified pro The probe does not modify the measurement as a whole (volume range is wider than 58 dB, harmonic distortion is less than 0.1% and the frequency response is 20Hz to 20kHz), or test Appropriate means that do not harm the target. (The probe is an ultra-small microphone capsule. Then, an audio signal sample is extracted from the ear canal via a sound source similar to a hose.

) for further digital processing of the signal later, so-called "digital microphones" (known in recording studios) to make it more sensitive. suitable This type is currently not available on the market.

(Analog) electrical alternating signal (approximately 10 mV) generated by an ultra-small microphone is normally amplified to a voltage level higher than 0.5■ (according to the microphone, (technical data for transducer quality), the signal is further processed before the actual EOP device Analog-to-digital converters or electronics used to operate within the assembly area. However, it provides insufficient release or audio signal sampling quality. It becomes like this.

A sine sweep of Iz from 20Hz to 20k) from a number of measurement methods (see pages 1 onwards) or selected. The reason for this is the aspect of frequency-dependent level fluctuation, and the external ear headphone sound This is because immediate exposure to the reaction of the acoustic transducer device will trigger the process. Sonic A level of 75 dBS PL or less is usually selected.

(Typical) Signal response diagram “Headphones normal” (on the pinna according to the manufacturer's instructions) The subsequent formation of the difference signal level consisting of the ``placed'' and ``changed positions'' In other words, the level value of the first named diagram minus the level value of the second named diagram is , corresponds, for example, to the curve shown in FIG. It is the outer ear of one individual. Recorded using (in the direction towards the "average" sound positioning characteristic): first, 1.8 and two broadband 4 dB increases centered around 3.6 Hz and and 18 dB - resonance with a depth centered at 5 kHz (maximum level 5.5 dB) and , (resonance centered at 8.5kHz (maximum level 3 dB) and at 11kHz It is possible to recognize the narrow band resonance with the intrusion (minimum level -7 dB). Approximately 1 2 kHz resonance and drop, approximately 2 kHz with a spear shape similar to a comb filter It alternates with a period of z. Difference level frequency response group measured on one person (No. 1) The rough no longer contains any differences in level below a frequency of 1 kHz.

They are related to the forward localization generated by headphones. This is correct and general It has validity. The reason is, a) Due to the dimensions of the outer ear, the shape of the outer ear (see Figure 2 (4)) is approximately 1k) can function as a sound damper and resonator alone, and b) Continuously low signal response down to the bass sector is indicated by manufacturer's instructions. of an “open” acoustic transducer device with stereo headphones placed (worn) in the indicating a decrease in efficiency, It is from.

For this reason, in Section E we introduce additional levels of lower frequency response regions. improvement (for example, 1/3 wide +3 dB at 300Hz) and less degradation. In order to find out whether the sound of an auditory event should be effectively extended by one side or the other, To improve the voice signal wideband horizontal forward localization, fine-tune that area again in the hearing test. investigate.

In contrast to other difference level diagrams, 1. relative decrease in signal response below gkllz and , a drop in the 5-8 kHz region and between 15-5k) Iz and 8kHz, In addition, in this case, the averaged frequency from 12 kHz is especially crystallized. do.

The salient points in the frequency response can be distributed over a range of several hundred hertz. Furthermore, A relative emphasis of approximately one-third in width (1 to 3 dB) was observed sporadically below 500 Hz. can be done.

Continuous drop in frequency response towards lower frequencies (approximately 5% compared to the 1kHz level value) A noticeable bass intrusion of minus 10 dB (dB) was caused by an error during the measurement. It was.

This is due to the linear distortion due to the current placement in the acoustic transducer tube that allows forward localization. This is supported by FIG. 4 which shows a further record. Another volunteer in the measurement chamber shown in Figure 4 ( A second 'test subject was available. Various anatomical features of the external ear of the test subjects and II Nevertheless, an important frequency range between both difference level graphs (see Figures 3 and 4) There was a high correlation between It is 2 kt (z, 4 kllz and 8 Values exceeding the level at frequencies below kHz, 6 kHz and 11k 11 damping penetration centered on z. Similarly, in Figure 4 , the continuous decline of the signal response to a low signal can be determined. This can be seen in Figure 3. Similar to

E) Computer-assisted data processing The creation of frequency response graphs and the need to calculate them against each other and for the wider public. Operations such as the level of preparation used as Therefore, recording this data is made easy with the aid of computers. here, Acoustic information from the sound field available as alternating electrical signals (headphones - external ear attenuation rate ) by an analog-to-digital converter maintained before the EDP device. converted to code. The code can be further processed by an EDP device. update the signal Store any process, digital filter configuration, outer ear model, etc. Like creating a file. Can be developed via suitable software controllers. Furthermore, obtained is known to correspond to the difference level graph (see above), allowing forward localization. Modifications (occurring during headphone-supported auditions performed) are caused by changes in the human body (head and head). Consistent with the typical reflection, damping and diffraction occurring in Supplemented by bell enhancement and reduction.

In this connection, appropriate practical and theoretical data regarding the acoustic functioning of the human body. are collected or prepared, headphones – free from the constraints of external ear attenuation Attempts are made to achieve an individual three-dimensional "ear simulation". F This information can be obtained by moving the headphone acoustic transducer and is related to the forward localization of auditory events. The investigation of each linear strain is mostly done by three-dimensional scanning of the human body.

These scanning procedures include ultrasound (transillumination/representation of pinna structures) and is a uniform or non-uniform light irradiation (using a laser: reflection at the skin surface and partially realized by

a) Acoustic radiation directivity of the headphone acoustic transducer device (2 channels), b) recordings that require moving the headphone acoustic transducer device for forward localization; distance, C) Spreading of sound in human tissues (reflection, diffraction, damping in the pinna, etc.) , computer-assisted combination of data on forward localization specific individual The linear strain of is calculated and stored permanently for possible further processing at a later stage. Written to a storage medium (eg, a floppy disk). Measuring sinusoidal frequency response ``Averaging'' from the four tests performed on the answer (this can also be done experimentally) computer-assisted data acquisition (“laser scanning”) and It is not important for the simulation and at least one that it has a low collapse level. Has a bell. In addition, in parallel with this data processing, a) input via a numerical keyboard; inputting frequency-dependent level values; b) For example, an interfaced (direction sensor) joystick or by graphically drawing a frequency-dependent level course on the screen with a pen. Is there a possibility to input the headphone outer ear attenuation factor? Therefore, the completeness of all the elements involved in the user's sound from stereo headphones simulation and separate simulation (extension to whole body sound irradiation will be planned at a later date) (can be integrated) or possible. It is separately regarding headphone-front illumination characteristics, Or - to function together with the pinna. For example, the expansion of the EOP device is as follows. However, it is still reasonable to consider the digital coordinate system in terms of binaural linear distortion. The data present in code format (for forward localization using headphones) is The data is sent to an interface that supplies a fixed value memory that can be programmed. here, Floppy disk, EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory) The smallest possible exchangeable data storage medium is used, such as

Those replaceable, insertable data storage media are compatible with any consumer electronic device. It is used to make adjustments that can be made with Ru.

Such equipment (full range amplifiers, compact disc players, television sets) stereo headphone output (e.g.), and sometimes (i.e., analog-to-digital converters configured for stereo (first integrated) and digital at least one digital/analog converter is provided. equipment is actually used For example, an EFROM card or an EFROM card can be used to adjust it individually before is inserted into the roso that is configured to read the code. audio signal regenerator (full range amplifier, compact disc player, television, etc.) The digital information on the EFROM cart that is read by The headphone acoustic transducer device provides a relevant modification of the audio signal output, in particular , performed under processor control.

Furthermore, the range of tasks for processor-controlled digital devices for sound reproduction expansion is planned. Data handling, such as bit movement and intermediate storage If we assume that the reflection pattern of an acoustic space is a memory device, then, e.g. Both provide variable stereo fading in two implementations. It will be done. This is because a) the front-modified stereo audio signal and the stereo reverberation component are (However, here, compared to the stereo audio signal, the loudness (low/quiet) Colo 1: (3a), (5I b)), and b) In case a, before the forward modification of the stereo audio signal, the modified residual rather than the forward Additional stereo reverberation is generated that deviates from the reverberation pattern (spatial reflection pattern of a). and mixed (see Figure 1 + (13:B), (51BII)) This is done by proper mixing.

According to Fig. 2, for example in case (3b), the processed A stereo headphone that sends audio signals that are not transmitted to the ear and is also received in front of the auricle. A simulated stereo spatial reflection signal (6) is sent to the acoustic transducer of the multiplexing and amplification).

Variations a and b of the action of the stereo sound signal are caused by switch mixing, which is involved in the initial state. the uncombined original signal, as in (in digital data format) a) or Assume in advance that there is a switch to b). (Therefore, there are three resulting in stereo signal direction deformation). Taking into account the changing acoustic space, this The basics here range from simple reflections of modified signals to multiple reflections. So These are distributed in a statistically "natural" manner with different spatial sizes.

The type of audio signal mixing to produce the spatial reflection pattern is e.g. (channel A where the signal from channel A/B is faded (at least one of channels A/B) is used to simulate the maximum spatial width of an auditory event during headphone sound projection. Therefore, there is a large difference in the original spatial reflection pattern on the left and right that is time- and level-dependent. given importance. In this connection, FIG. 5 shows, for example, the case in FIG. 1 (3 b) for each graph showing the spatial simulation pattern created for In this case, the excitation according to the invention causes the level moment and the modulation moment to change over time. It is shown as a function. Those headphones are supplied with stereo sound, a) Supply horizontal front to the right acoustic transducer to allow forward localization (LFR Elm Peru) Front - Right One Right Headphone Channel, Front - Lower Level, LFL:, Level - Front side - left side headphone channel, front - lower level) and b) Supplying a spatial reflection pattern audio signal to an acoustic transducer provided in the pinna ( LBL Elm Peru Reverb - Channel - Low Right - Assigned to the right headphone channel Level of reverberation channel B, LAL Elm Peru reverberation - channel - left - Level of reverberation channel A assigned to left headphone channel, manufacturer's finger (positioned or modified in the pinna according to the instructions).

For the unprocessed audio signal (LFR, LFL) in each case, the reverberation interval is Spatial reflection reaching 30dB, <turn (LBRSLAL) stereo sound simulation ration. Even this is free coordinates or LBL-30 and LAL- A graph is generated at 30. It shows things more clearly. reverberation channel The individual first reflexes of A and B are represented in time and in terms of simulated level movement. There is. After a certain point, the first pattern becomes a temporally continuous diffuse reflection pattern. It is converted to a hatched part, so it cannot be clearly expressed graphically. is no longer possible. Here, Takabetsu acoustics comparable to the first reflection pattern characteristics still occur, but are more compressed in time and at lower levels.

The basis for generating the spatial pattern described in Figure 5 is related to the head of the auditory event. (according to Figures 1 (5bI) and (5bll)) applies equally to the alternative representations of

(3b) As a supplement, to ensure compatibility of the realization of auditory events (( (comparable to 5bl)), another suitable “branch” for (5b II) is set as (3C). should be added to the “data tree” in Figure 1. Here, the Except for the headphone acoustic transducer device, which is located at the lower front and allows forward positioning. The headphone acoustic transducer device is also partially modulated by the spatial reflection pattern). here Then again, the temporally level-dependent structure of the spatial reflection pattern is different for each channel. (addition of reverberation, see Figure 5, except for LBRSLAL instead of LFRSLFL, line Figures LFOR, LFCL are supplemented with representations of the first reflection pattern).

To finally modulate the headphone acoustic transducer device, generally a) Separate, multi-digital digital-to-analog conversions are provided at the digital level. b) The next separate preamplifier by channel is This is done using an analog audio signal.

Note 2: This specification uses many newly coined words such as "compensation for upward localization within the head."

These terms are intended to simplify complex factual content. of the outer ear Regarding the law of physical reduction and its known scientific basis, for this reason we will not discuss it here. There is a discrepancy between the physical description given and the termination technology.

Eushi-1 Snake - 2 已且, l Kamiguchi-5 Riichi Kamiguchi Submission of translation of written amendment (Article 184-8 of the Patent Law) 1. Display of patent application PCT/DE 90100562 2. Name of the invention Device for forward localization of auditory events generated by stereo headphones 3. Patent applicant Address: Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, Seilerstrasse, 8 Name: Köni Hi, Florian, Meinhard 5, Date of submission of amendment October 30, 1991 Specification The present invention relates to a stereo header of the type described in the first part of claim 1, that is, the preamble. This invention relates to a method for optimizing the arrangement of sound transducers and their acoustic transducers. .

Headphones for extrahead localization of auditory events use modified free-field or diffuse-field or is known to be neutrally compensated with respect to direction. (K.

Genuit: “Warug Freireld” Report to the Berlin Radio.

Exhibition 19113: Rundrunktechnische Mitteilungen (Radio Technology Report), Volume 1 / 1983.17 ~26 pages, German Patent No. 3131347, Portschritt e der Akustik (Development of acoustic technology) - DAGA 19117.4 (pages 77-480).

The basis of this known method is to mimic the performance of the human ear for directional locations. This is well defined to be satisfactory. i.e. the upper part of the body , taking into account the outer parts of the torso, head, and ears. They are artificial, oriented As a unit in the realization and modification of sex-mixed consoles and he-nodhon. will be taken into consideration.

In this area, there are currently two main types of development in the human race. that These types can be classified into those with free sound field modification and those with diffuse sound field modification. (Brueel & Kjaer Catalog: “tlead and Trun” kSimulator 41.2g-, German Patent No. 3146706: Rundfunktechnische Mitteilungen (Radio technology Technical Report), Volume 1/1981. Pages 1-6. Furthermore, until now, the sound field itself Only two directional mixing consoles based primarily on free field transmission have been developed. It's just that. (HEAD-^CLISTIC8:information p aIIphlet and report orthe13th Audio 0perators' Convention, Munich, 1984, 10 Pages 3-110, AKUTISCHE Ll, KINO-GERAETE , information brochure).

The specific importance of individual adjustments of the "artificial headphone" device is discussed in various aspects. Reference is made to (J.

Biauert: 5patial Audition, Po5tscrip t, new Developments and Trends 5 ince 1972. S, former Rzel Publishing, 1985, Acustica: Volume 48, 2 (pages 72-274). Here, we must take into account the acoustic signal transmission method. . Particular attention is paid to mimicking the human ear's ability for directional location, at an angle of 1 dB. mean. Frequency response shifts of greater than 1 dB may cause the intracranial localization of the auditory event to change. cannot be avoided in this way. The reason for this is when playing through headphones. The procedure for assigning auditory events to sound sources or the visual synopsis that can be used to make connections. This is because it lacks a diagram (G, Plenge: Problem of the In tracranjal Localizati.

nor 5ound 5source in Human Acoustic P erception.

Habilitation, TIJ-Berlin 1973. 25 pages and below ). Therefore, a unit that performs possible head localization of an artificial or directional console. one stereo sound signal individually and directionally in front of the headphones and later supplemented. It is quite important to compensate (they are compatible with recording devices) (F, Koen ig: German Patent No. 392211.8). In addition to this, there are also measurement methods and The design of the device and the results obtained with it are summarized in relation to the determination of the transmission function of the external ear. (Blauert: 5patial Audition above) , see Po5tscript).

obtained as a simplified procedure that works more quickly (e.g. frequency-dependent A figure is obtained after a few seconds of measurement time of the solder, which allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the strain caused by the solder. F.

Koening (German Patents No. 3903246 and No. 3) 912582). On the recording and playback of directionally true acoustic radiation is the regression of “head localization” in the playback of recordings via acoustic radiation using headphones. Blauert/Boerger/Lall5/ Kurer/P! by enge/Wilken/Pleiderer etc. , efforts have been made (German patent nos. 223316.0, 2828053) Each specification, No. 1927401, No. 2244162, No. 2545446, No. Specifications of No. 2557519, Funk Technik (wireless technology)-6+ 7 volumes/1984, special printing, German Patent No. 3112874).

In particular, it is important to place emphasis on the last process (PM Pr1eiderer). can. The reason is as announced in "Processor for external head localization". auditory events that correspond to scientific terms when used in good approximation for practice. This is because it provides something other than localization. (Above, G Plenge, hab illitton publication, 1973. reference).

This device is a fairly effective processor, which composes a stereo sound followed by a letter sound. , without realizing one of the possible sound directions in the natural three-dimensional localization of the auditory event. (divergence from upward orientation within the head). As shown, the directionality of the outer ear contributes to this (Blauert, supra, 5patial Audition.

See Po5tscripz) 0 Regarding effective processors and their technical realization, there are many papers, publications and and patent applications are about to appear. They are especially suitable for simulating spatial reflection patterns. It describes the ration. Therefore, today there is a wide range of such Variably programmable reverberation and echo devices (space dimensions, spatial structure and and spatial design). In addition, [a new type of pre-sense figurine] Ruta J (J, Blauert: Pernseh-und Kino-Tech ntk (Television and film technology> Volume 1970.3, pages 75-78 has been known since the 1970s, and is also known as a Also known as "model".

There, there are ``front'' and ``horizontal'' that can be placed at the front of the head and ``lateral'' that can be placed at the ears. The correction of the difference during the change of the direction of incidence of sound up to the direction of the sound is handled (K, Gen uit: Doctoral thesis, Aachen University of Science and Technology, 1984. pages 81-82).

Finally, when the acoustic transducer device of the headphones is moved forward in the viewing direction, It is known that the viscous event can be more or less accurately localized horizontally forward.

This is due to the specific straight line correction directed while the pinna receives sound radiation at a close distance. This is so that justice can be done. Now, forward in the viewing direction to achieve the said effect. The acoustic transducer structure must be located at least about 10 centimeters from the

Horizontal forward localization of auditory events is via acoustic radiation using stereo headphones. this is supported by stereo headphones which are realized at high cost. This illuminates the sound Bass and mid/treble frequencies that are modulated separately parallel to the left and right auricles to be emitted. Provides an acoustic transducer device (German Patent No. 2541332; Punk Schau (Radio Review): Volume 10/1,977.57-58 and 7 (pages 1-72).

Stereo headphones of the type defined by the preamble of claim 1 are It is known from patent specification no. 3,592.978. This known stereo header The dohon has an acoustic transducer device. This acoustic transducer device is placed directly at the external ear process. It is not attached in the usual way, but is given in the r direction in the viewing direction. pivot around a vertical distance a distance from the external auditory process so that it can be moved forward. be made to cut. However, the distance traveled forward in the direction of the sound is very small. , unlike in the case of an arrangement of said acoustic transducers that moves at least 10c11 in the viewing direction. This is by no means sufficient to achieve horizontal forward localization of auditory events. the The reason is that in U.S. Pat. No. 3,592,978, the horizontal front of the auditory event This is because there is no discussion about how to achieve localization.

Since this is actually the case, the upward localization within the head of normal headphones is based on this known stereo Maintained against headphones.

The stereo headphones produce unnatural sound and feel noisy if left open for a long time. It will be done.

Another stereo headphone of the type defined by the preamble of claim 1 is provided in the United States. It is known from patent specification no. 3.751.608. This known headphone is , an acoustic similar to that known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,592,978. Place the transducer device. i.e., at a certain lateral distance from the external auditory process, the viewing direction is pivoted in the horizontal plane in front of it. This known stereo headphone has a viewing direction is characterized by the placement of the acoustic transducer device in front of the auditory event, which is located horizontally in front of the auditory event. Too small for localization. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 3,751. ．． From 808 statement , optimizing the acoustic transducer arrangement of the kind defined by the preamble of claim 3. Accordingly, methods are known for both, especially forward in the viewing direction. control of auditory events by optimizing the placement of the acoustic transducer device based on experience. It is provided to determine the

The aim of the invention is to ensure that forward localization of auditory events is achieved by simple means. To provide stereo headphones of the type defined by the preamble of claim 1. That is. Furthermore, a stereo header of the kind defined by the preamble of claim 3. Providing a method for optimizing the placement of Dohon's acoustic transducer device, the acoustic transducer It must be possible to quickly and reliably determine the location of the equipment.

This is because stereo headphones perform forward localization of auditory events on command. It is necessary for

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 with respect to stereo headphones. will be achieved. An advantageous development of the stereo headphones according to the invention is given by claim 2. It will be done. This object is achieved by the features of claim 3 with respect to the method. be done. Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are given by claims 4 to 21.

Therefore, the gist of the present invention is to provide a vector that disturbs upward localization within the head. It consists of an acoustic direction "lower j" compensation and a directional "forward" additional compensation. It is a) head localization away from or b) Horizontal forward localization of auditory events (independent of the recording method, e.g. sound canning) added to produce

In other words, during the short-range acoustic emission of the test object, for example, the head of the artificial object recording The perception of directionality as “horizontal-front” during stereo sound playback depends on the input of the sound. By directing the individual directionality of the human anatomical hearing, which is specific to the directionality of the angular The directionality of the incident sound is only 1 dB), but the two components of the directivity of the incident sound are It was secured by the conjunction of ``Fuwa'' and ``Fuwa''. In this connection, according to the invention Therefore, there is a total neglect of the "downward" compensatory movement (of the headphone acoustic transducer device). If the directional characteristic of an individual exceeds the 1 dB threshold, the as a result of the same undesirable perception of the direction of the auditory event. Become. The auditory event is perceived as being forward in the viewing direction, but is fixed diagonally upward at 45". This is the recording process of known head-related stereo sounds. and corresponding to the characteristic features of the regeneration process).

The inventive process for optimizing the placement of the inventive headphone acoustic transducer device provided. Here we will move the headphone acoustic transducer device and connect it here. Efforts are made to minimize the distance to allow forward positioning to yield results. child , preferably high-band diffuse field modified stereo headphones and their stereo headphones. At least one of the stereo headphone acoustic transducer devices is used.

Because of this process, to counteract the normal localization of auditory events above the head. , using only the downward compensating movement of the acoustic transducer device of stereo headphones, the directional A “virtual auditory event” is realized in which the forward direction cannot be clearly determined (but It is better to do this by emphasizing the meaning.

Furthermore, in order to realize an auditory event in the opposite horizontal direction, in other words, behind Dual channel, left and right channels modified for the benefit of forward localization of auditory events It is better to exchange auditory events.

It also produces improved spatiality and spatial acoustics for each ear exposed to sound. For forward localization of auditory events, when a multichannel acoustic transducer device is used for On the other hand, in addition to the headphone acoustic transducer device placed at the front and lower side, the viewing direction is On the opposite side, placement of the headphone acoustic transducer device below and behind the external ear structure. It is also advantageous to select according to claim 16. According to claim 15, in total The four acoustic transducer devices are modulated separately.

In addition, according to claim 19 or 20, a stereo headphone acoustic transducer device The reproduction characteristics of the state response and head response are 3 dB at approximately 300 Hz. It is advantageous to extend the level slope of the acoustic signal to a certain third width.

This is described in detail by BLAIJERT and GANLIIT, for example. It is. This is particularly advantageous for the headphone design of the invention. Ru. It is theoretical in its design, i.e. in its transmission characteristics. specifically modified according to the signal transmission base (e.g. in reflective space ). This is no longer accurate if the acoustic transducer device deviates from the traditional positioning. adjustment of the acoustic pattern (e.g., emphasis after the diffuse sound field). ) is performed according to the structure of claim 19 or 20. Here, the comb filter The narrowband (bandwidth narrower than one-third) strain generated by the structure is reduced by the high-bandwidth (bandwidth narrower than one-third) acoustically over the entire listening range via quasi-directional neutral correction be minimized (especially by utilizing masking effects that can be placed near human acoustic stimuli). hand).

Furthermore, according to claim 21, the amplifier provides a headphone with respect to electrical transmission characteristics. The modulation of the acoustic transducer device advantageously embodies the following requirements:

* Useful signal-to-noise level spacing greater than 98 dB, * Wider than 60 dB volume range, * Linear distortion (maximum deviation) less than 0.5 dB and * less than 0.1% nonlinear strain The advantages that can be obtained with the help of the technology of the invention with respect to the state of the art include, inter alia: a) Recording (e.g. heptanaural or artificial technology such as AB technology, supporting point technology, horizontal forward localization (stage effect), independent of the procedure used for stereo or to be realized; b) Decrease in stereo base width (technical According to the surgical condition, for example, the normal sound emission of stereo headphones in the upper head position. The head allows forward positioning of approximately 10 cm in the viewing direction from 180°. Recommended stereo panorama for phone acoustic transducer devices up to 120° aperture angle llama) or turn out to be quite small (here, since the distance traveled is short) , greater than 160°); C) the efficiency of individual stereotaxic movement corrections for headphone types is In particular, the frequency response and the acoustic transducer device remain largely unaffected. d) the type of desired movement in the localization of head-related signals; being able to freely determine the type and time; e) counteracting intrahead upward localization, associated with a “forward” emphasis in directionality; Ignorance or scientific discourse regarding the existence of compensating acoustic transducers moving in the direction "downward" Due to the lack of The actual spatial acoustic characteristics of the insert hole can be generated independently of the acoustic signal source (by Dohonkuodoraphonii: Mainly upward localization within the head, J signal intended for the front. (see low percentage of forward sound localization), f) Compared to forward movement with respect to travel distance, I wonder if the tonophone acoustic transducer device The downward movement that is predominant in the more than half of the moving distance is saved; g) Acoustic transducer placement in front of the pinna thus allowing a forward sound location in other cases Normal bass loss due to the addition of a bass transducer directly to the pinna is reduced to a small value does not require equipment (other than intermediate frequency/high frequency acoustic conversion); h) using at least one of an artificial and a directional mixed sole, and having an average directional characteristic of the ear; As a result of the sexual recording method, intracranial upward localization is individually reduced; This results in directionally accurate sound reproduction, but with the "downward" reproduction compensation modification. , with a significant average correction; i) In particular, the Direct positioning information constructed by artificial recordings is enhanced to distinguish between thing, j) For this reason, perform the desired action on the location where the headphone sound is located. The introduction of an "average" filter also promises success (by comparison, an "average" correction Compensation modification is played via headphones, unmodified and artificial only to perform better forward localization than the sound source received “in front” from k) Directing horizontal forward positioning of auditory events for individual action on the shape of the pinna 1 The measured geometrical, "average" arrangement of the acoustic transducers of a pair of stereo headphones is Proximity of the sound stimulus in the horizontal forward direction of viewing (prerequisite: auditory tissue healthy people), l) for electrical, filter-bound, head-related, individual forward corrections; (acoustically inert, i.e. less reflective and less expensive) The cost of the measurement technology (including the need for a measurement laboratory) or even better in terms of cost. The good news is that we now know that m) For example, telecommunication (coordination loudspeaker matching) events and of stereo headphones that allow forward localization along with visual events on the monitor image. Possible uses, other than normal hi-fi applications, are provided with reference to the drawings below. The present invention will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a position placed on a vertical plane and allowing forward localization of acoustic events according to the invention. Occurs during the transfer process of headphone acoustic transducer to conventional stereo headphones. The vector of the component indicating the position of the sound is shown.

Figure 2 shows the frequency-dependent difference produced by the forward localization simulation according to the present invention. Level record (Test No.

1).

Figure 3 shows a frequency dependent difference level record similar to Figure 2 for test object No. 2. .

First, a test subject receiving sound from a headphone set is asked to All of the important effects of testing for determining the location of auditory events that are of interest have been explained. child This is a special part of a) Intrahead upwardly oriented (i.e. 90 degrees vertically positioned “at the top of the head”) a) auditory events localized anterolaterally of the head (i.e., in the viewing direction); Accurate discriminability and classifiability of auditory events (located 0 degrees horizontally forward) there were. This was demonstrated by those conducting the test.

Once there is a fluid transition between a) and b), especially the new In order to determine where the headphone acoustic transducer must be located, test, at a 45 degree angle of elevation in the viewing direction (in the trisecting plane) in front of the forehead. The ability to localize acoustic events-two sounds that are brought close together has acquired special importance.

The aim of this is that the test subjects themselves normally listen to music that is perceived as pleasant. While you are in the room, the sound transducer device allows you to listen to sounds at any time while you are being moved. (according to (b))) was independently possible to achieve horizontal forward localization.

This is called the "stage effect." The reason for this is that the subjectively perceived acoustic This is because the location of the event is simulated as "in front." :Actually on the spot For example, there is no orchestra there. In this context, strength stereo sound technique Any type of recording made using a technique is recommended. Stereo under certain circumstances Since clear upward localization within the head cannot be detected with headphones, artificial music works are not suitable. Appropriate.

Before the test subject constitutes a "stage effect", i.e. before horizontal forward localization, Colo 1, which must predetermine the outline of the procedure mode, is With the help of vector representations, unmodified i.e. according to the manufacturer's instructions. Figure 1 shows the part (1) in which the sound source is searched for using the stereo headphone acoustic transducer device worn on the device. . f(5): Outline of one headphone cup). This stereo position is This corresponds to the upward localization within the head (1) of an auditory event that is irradiated with sound by a dohon. second Vector (2) is moved in position from the stereo headphone sound transducer device. form the top of the compensation direction "bottom" when As a result, the sound source position relative to the upper part of the head can be adjusted. The position determining component (1) is eliminated. Vector (3) is forward, i.e. represents an emphasis on the perception of the direction of an auditory event as a ``stage effect''. child Here, we will use stereo headphones (headphones) that are placed in the outer ear according to the manufacturer's instructions. ) is represented by the contour of the Dohon cup) according to the motion vectors (2) and (3). , is moved to a position that allows forward localization of the auditory event (see element (6) in Figure 1). Ma A headphone acoustic transducer device! (6) is, for example, 30 degrees due to the acoustic effect. (contour in the headphone acoustic transducer device 6) is moved to the outer ear (4) at an angle of The direction in which the sound spreads (according to the perspective representation) is here represented by the vector (7). Ru.

According to Figure 1, those steps that are theoretically and schematically handled are worth it. Here, the test subject is to listen to music, for example, through headphones through a stereo system. It is important to add one more time at O. All products on the market are tested as headphones. It is suitable for a) operating on the “open” principle; and b) surround the ears C) has an adjustable headband, and d) having an acoustic transducer adjustable in many axes; and e) an acoustic transducer device thereof. (for each channel) corresponds to a point source. For example, the dimension is 100ID A wide surface radiator that is 11x 100cm is is (completely) inappropriate. Due to the hidden aim of horizontal forward localization of auditory events, The following iterative method will be adopted.

First, the stereo headphones are placed in the manufacturer's command state, and then the acoustic changes are made. The signal modulator of the converter is activated. Next, both headphone sound transducer devices? With both hands, lift your legs sufficiently (approximately 5 to 101 meters) from the surface of your head/temple side. The butting of the skull barely touches the pinna. Then, head The acoustic transducer device is moved forward (in the viewing direction) and downward (in the viewing direction) in each case. (vertically in the viewing direction) in steps smaller than 51, note the spatial location of the auditory event. turn towards In general, after a three-dimensional movement distance of 15α1, the shift in the localization of an auditory event is Movement occurs (e.g. 30 degrees forward elevation in the median plane).

This realizes the moving process of stereo headphones.

It now no longer changes, or in the case of individual movements in the localization of auditory events. be made dependent on the In the example just described, at an elevation angle of 30 degrees, the auditory event is You can already process a strong forward emphasis. For this reason, the downward horizontal forward ■ Additional compensatory movements are recommended (directed in the opposite direction to intracranial upward orientation). child , the position for an auditory event that no longer corresponds to horizontal forward localization If the downward movement just made is halved, i.e. reduced by half. Since then, he has been charged with “ 'stage effects' can be added or subtracted in an empirical manner to further reduce Optimized by forced movement steps. In this example, first move forward. 1-2 ■ moves are selected and only after this any further empirical movement process Equilibrium is carried out. I can't find a new position for stereo headphones that allows forward localization. Finally, a) a small protective shift below the ear canal of approximately 1tn+ is added, and b) the sound radiation efficiency of the auditory canal is increased. In order to (approximately 20 to 40 degrees of azimuth and elevation in the horizontal and median plane) ). Now suppose that the perceived position of the auditory event changes unfavorably, then - Small corrective movements of the nodophon acoustic transducer device (see above, [empirical, translation process) is carried out one more time, and the phone is held at an angle.

To provide an example, we will discuss the following examples, which are widely available commercially (open, over-the-ear), and (diameter This is a headphone model with a circular acoustic transducer (approximately 30 mm), vertically downward. A final travel distance of 45 mm (azimuth/elevation angle of 35 degrees) is obtained. On the other hand, War The final transition is made smaller by about 50% when the Kuman headphone model is used. Those for moving distance are used. This is where the auditory nerve pathway or reference point becomes. In front of the is a pair of headphones that are worn according to the manufacturer's instructions and are normally is placed in the center. For the test subject this corresponds to a current ratio of 3:1 (downward movement distance and horizontal movement path, ratio of separation). Regarding the multi-channel sound irradiation envisioned by Gaiji , which allows forward orientation and is placed forward and downward. Next to the acoustic transducer device (each ear (direct, i.e., unprocessed audio signal), the second acoustic transformation (modulation using spatial reflectance patterns). In normal cases, it is Placed in front of the pinna according to the manufacturer's instructions, and positioned posteriorly based on the auditory nerve pathway reference point. and downward, and finally into position. Appropriate for this.

With respect to finding a resting position for the acoustic transducer, the above procedural steps are performed. be exposed. In this connection, the minimum distance of travel that produces the maximum effect is considered. this whose acoustic transducer devices placed below and behind are modulated with stereo audio signals. “Virtual” (term: see page 1 onwards) where the sound is localized slightly backwards when Causes a sexual event. Note: Behind an auditory event that emits sound using stereo headphones Typical backward and downward positioning of acoustic transducer devices for stereotaxic purposes is costly. Dependence on external ear “anatomical” direction, resulting in greater travel distance because of excessive use It is impractical due to the shape of the filter. Finally, anterior and posterior [Il and posterior The acoustic transducer devices placed in the upper and lower [I Direct audio signal for audio signal [1] and spatial audio signal for [I1] Modulated with a reflex pattern, the auditory event is then presented.

The auditory event is reevaluated three-dimensionally in terms of space and expanded once more.

This position compared to the four stereo headphone acoustic transducer devices that also allows forward localization is constant until the data collection in the shape of the position geometry and the external ear attenuation rate are completed. It is maintained.

The linear strain is independent of the movement in the measurement direction when the headphones are moved. To simulate forward localization, frequency-dependent difference level information is added and , the necessary additive sequence of the stereo headphone acoustic transducer device according to the invention is The pre-emphasis to be performed is obtained as follows.

First, a suitable probe is implanted approximately 4 inches into the ear canal. later modified pro The probe does not modify the measurement as a whole (volume range is wider than 5111 dB, harmonic vibration is less than 0.1% and the frequency response is 20Hz to 20kHz), or Appropriate means that do not harm the test subject. (The probe is an ultra-small microphone capsule. A sound signal sample is extracted from the ear canal through a sound supply device similar to a hose. vinegar. ) For further digital processing of the signal, a so-called “digital micro- higher sensitivity for use in recording studios (as it is known in recording studios) . Suitable types are not currently available on the market.

(Analog) electrical alternating signal (approximately 10aV) generated by an ultra-small microphone is normally amplified to a voltage level higher than 0.5■ (according to the microphone, (technical data for transducer quality), the signal is further processed before the actual EOP device If the analog-to-digital converter used to and therefore provide insufficient release or audio signal sampling quality. It becomes like this.

A sine sweep of Hz from 20 Hz to 20 from a number of measurement methods (see pages 1 onwards) or selected. The reason for this is the aspect of frequency-dependent level fluctuation, and the external ear headphone sound This is because immediate exposure to the reaction of the acoustic transducer device will trigger the process. Sonic The level is normally selected to be 75 dBS P L or less.

(Typical) Signal response diagram “Headphones normal” (on the pinna according to the manufacturer's instructions) The subsequent formation of the difference signal level consisting of the positions j) and [changed positions j, In other words, the level value of the first named diagram minus the level value of the second named diagram is , for example, corresponds to the curve shown in FIG. It is the outer ear of one individual. Recorded using (in the direction towards the "average" sound positioning characteristic): first, 1.8 and two broadband 4 dB increases centered around 3.6 Hz and and xgaB-q has resonance centered at 5 kHz (maximum level 5.5 dB) and , (resonance centered at 8.5kHz (maximum level 3 dB) and 1.1kHz (minimum level minus 7 dB) and a narrow band resonance is observed. about From the 12 kHz resonance and drop, approximately 2 in a spear shape similar to a comb filter. It alternates with a period of kHz. Difference level frequency response measured by one person (No. 1) The answer graph shows that below the frequency of 1 kllz, there is no difference in level (1 is no longer included). No. They are related to the forward localization generated by headphones. this is correct and has general validity. The reason is, a) Due to the dimensions of the outer ear, the shape of the outer ear is approximately 1. Sound damper only on kHz signal and can function as a resonator, and b) If the signal response is continuously low to the bass sector, the external ear of the “open” acoustic transducer device with stereo headphones that were not placed (worn) in the indicating a decrease in efficiency, It is from.

For this reason, lower frequency response regions can be used for additional levels of improvement (e.g. , 1/3 wide +3 dB at 300 Hz) and at least one of In order to find out whether this should be extended effectively, we To improve horizontal forward localization, closely examine the area again during the hearing test.

In contrast to other difference level diagrams, the relative drop in signal response below 1.8 kHz; A drop in the 5-8 kHz region and between 1.5-5 kHz and 8 kHz, etc. Here, it is averaged from 12kHz. crystallize.

The salient points in the frequency response can be distributed over a range of several hundred hertz. Furthermore , a relative emphasis of about one-third in width (1-3 dB) sporadically below 500 Hz. You can see it.

Continuous drop in frequency response towards lower frequencies (approximately 5% compared to the 1kHz level value) A noticeable bass intrusion of minus 10 dB (dB) was caused by an error during the measurement. It was.

This is due to the linear distortion due to the current placement in the acoustic transducer tube that allows forward localization. This is supported by Figure 3 which shows a further record. Another volunteer for the measurements shown in Figure 3 ( Second) test subjects were available. Various anatomical features of the external ear of test subjects I and II Nevertheless, an important frequency range between both difference level graphs (see Figures 2 and 3) There was a high correlation between It is 2 kHz, 4 kHz and 8 kHz Values exceeding the level at frequencies below z and centered around 6 kHz and 11 kHz supported by damping intrusion. Similarly, in Figure 3, the signal response The continuous decline to a low signal can be determined. This can be seen and is similar to that in Figure 2. resemble

The scope of the claims 1. Starting from the normal placement placed on the external auditory process, given forward in the viewing direction In stereo headphones, the placement of the acoustic transducer device in it is moved by the amount , the acoustic transducer device is moved further downwards in the viewing direction by an amount that exceeds the horizontal amount. The amount heard is an auditory event that causes the upper part of the head to be localized almost forward. Stereo headphones characterized in that they are suitable for converting into stereo headphones.

2. In the stereo headphones according to claim 1, a) a normal sound transducer the location of the auditory event above the head based on its placement, or b) Auditory event horizontal front position It is characterized by the variable placement geometry of the acoustic transducer device for either Stereo headphones that can be heard.

3. From the reference position of the normal placement of the acoustic transducer device on the external ear projection to be tested A suitable auditory event exiting and proceeding in the viewing direction is set and transfers both acoustic transducer devices. Optimize the acoustic transducer arrangement of stereo headphones empirically by performing motions. A method for optimizing the pre-determination of auditory events according to claim 1 or 2. Both acoustics to optimize the acoustic transducer placement of stereo headphones for The arrangement of the transducer device can be moved alternately downward and forward in steps of a given width. Because of the horizontal forwardness of the auditory event, it moves further downward by an amount that exceeds the horizontal amount. To optimize the placement of the acoustic transducer device of stereo headphones, which is characterized by How to do it.

4. In the method according to claim 3, the step width is narrower than 5 mm. A method characterized by:

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the acoustic radiation at the external auditory process To increase the radiation efficiency and to optimize the possibility of positioning the acoustic transducer on the external ear process. a stereo headphone acoustic transducer device to do at least one of the following: A method characterized by being placed obliquely at an angle to the auditory tube.

6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, in which the optimum arrangement of the acoustic transducers is method, characterized in that the second determination is made in each case separately for the left and right ears of the test subject. .

7. In the method according to claim 6, the optimum arrangement of the acoustic transducers is determined anew in each case. A method characterized in that the determination is made by a movement procedure to be repeated at least four times.

8. In the method according to one of claims 3 to 7, the optimum arrangement of the acoustic transducers is characterized in that it is determined by at least four movement procedures to be newly repeated in the case of how to.

9. In the method according to claim 8, in order to determine the optimal placement of the acoustic transducer, One move out of a minimum of four move sequences that has many of the typical characteristics of the others A method characterized by selecting a procedure.

10. In the method according to claim 9, the movement procedure is performed on a plurality of test objects. A method characterized by:

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the acoustic Special task of finding at least 8 volunteers to determine the optimal placement of the transducer. How to make it a sign.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the individual results are averaged. how to.

13. The method according to claims 3 to 11, wherein the angle of inclination of the acoustic transducer device; Attach to the outer ear in the manner recommended by the manufacturer with respect to the forward and downward travel distance. Acoustic conversion is performed based on the three-dimensional spatial position of a pair of stereo headphones that are A method characterized by determining the optimal placement of containers with millimeter accuracy. multiple trials A method characterized by performing a movement procedure on a test subject.

14. In the method according to one of claims 2 to 13, preferably higher than 2 to 1. Delicious. The ratio of down-to-front distance traveled, the ratio of down-to-front travel distance, which indicates the beginning of an auditory event. Based on the usual placement geometry of acoustic transducer devices, where an internal upper position is advantageous, Choosing placement geometry that maximizes and/or minimizes travel distance and the selection of the acoustic transducer device for which the horizontal forward position of the auditory event is favorable. How to make it a requisition.

15. In the method according to one of claims 3 to 14, multidimensional Preferably, the horizontal forward position of the auditory event is adjusted to create a room acoustic signature. feed the stereo signal from the recording into the acoustic transducer device that places it on the head of the auditory event. Record stereo signals by placing it inside the acoustic transducer device where the upper position is convenient. A method characterized in that it provides stereo spatial reflections generated from.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the multi-channel stereo headphones Preferably, upward localization within the head is advantageous in order to expand the multidimensional spatial auditory events. The arrangement of the acoustic transducer device is at least one of downward and rearward opposite to the viewing direction. to the auditory event by an appropriate amount according to the position of at least one of the auditory events. How to make it a sign.

17. In the method according to one of claims 3 to 16, preferably the ratio of auditory events For calibration and/or measurement purposes, upper intracranial, horizontal forward, and Freely selectable switching between acoustic transducer devices to produce dimensional room acoustics A method characterized by plotting a crime.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the horizontal forward position and intracranial upward position of the auditory event Arrangement of the acoustic transducer device of stereo headphones in which at least one of the positions is advantageous of the headphone cup and sound transducer device to ensure that it is in its resting position. Usually used to place at least one at the auricle and at least one in front of the auricle. It is preferable to apply intermittent stress to the headphone pad that allows sound to pass through. A method characterized by:

19. The method according to one of claims 3 to 18, in which the auditory In order to form an event, the influence of the bass and middle transmission range is preferably the head Ear pads and headphone cup configuration that improves the connection between the head and the headphone cup and/or modifying the playback frequency response of the acoustic transducer device. A method characterized by:

20. The method according to one of claims 3 to 19, wherein the linear, comb-shaped filter compared to the distortion that occurs in the occurrence of the horizontal forward position of an auditory event that is The upper intermediate transmission range of the acoustic transducer in Leo headphones and at least the highest transmission range The neutral state of the acoustic pattern that can be placed on one side is advantageous for relatively wide band correction. A more characterized method.

21. The method according to one of claims 3 to 19, including controlling the acoustic transducer device. Technically advanced, volume-adjustable, separate multichannel amplification of audio signals A method characterized by controlling an acoustic transducer device by.

已田λ Miyu 1 international search report -111. □,. PCT/DE 90100562 International Search Report

Claims (41)

[Claims] 1. Anteriorly and primarily inferiorly in the viewing direction, away from the normal placement in the external auditory process. The sound transducer device of a headphone is moved a given amount towards the head. A configuration that is appropriate for converting upward localization to an auditory localization that is localized approximately horizontally forward. A device for forward localizing auditory events generated by stereo headphones . 2. Optimize both acoustic transducer devices by empirically moving them set as horizontal front. characterized by the location of the auditory event being detected, which must be done repeatedly; Movement away from the reference position of normal placement on the external auditory process of the test subject is given The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the step width is alternately downward and forward. A method for optimizing the placement of the acoustic transducer device for stereo headphones. 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the step width is less than 5 mm. How to characterize it. 4. A method according to one of claims 2 or 3, in which acoustic radiation at the external auditory process. Optimize the efficiency and possibility of positioning the acoustic transducer on the external ear process Listen to the stereo headphone acoustic transducer device to do at least one of the following: A method characterized by placing the pipe at an angle to the pipe. 5. The method according to claim 2 or 4, further comprising iteratively determining the optimal placement of the acoustic transducers. , a method characterized in that it is carried out in each case separately on the left and right ears of the test subject. 6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the determination of the optimal placement of the acoustic transducer is performed using an arbitrary step. What we do with audio signals and signals that change on many occasions during the decision process. How to characterize it. 7. A method according to one of claims 2 to 6, in which the optimum arrangement of the acoustic transducers is determined in each case. determined by at least four movement procedures to be newly repeated when How to do it. 8. 8. The method according to claim 7, in which the optimum arrangement of the acoustic transducers is determined. One move that has many of the typical characteristics of the others among the low four move sequences. A method characterized by selecting an order. 9. In the method according to claim 8, the moving procedure is performed on a plurality of test objects. A method characterized by: 10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the auditory organ is healthy and the acoustic transducer is Characterized by finding at least 8 applicants to determine optimal placement Method. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the individual results are averaged. how to. 12. A method according to claims 2 to 11, in which the angle of inclination of the acoustic transducer device and the front Attach to the outer ear in the manner recommended by the manufacturer with respect to the distance of downward travel. Based on the three-dimensional spatial position of a pair of stereo headphones that are A method characterized in that the optimal placement of the is determined with millimeter accuracy. 13. The position of the auditory event is horizontally forward configured according to one of claims 2 to 12. wherein the acoustic transducer device arrangement geometry is in accordance with the device according to claim 1. Features stereo headphones. 14. The stereo headphones according to claim 13, a) the location of the auditory event above the head due to the normal placement of the acoustic transducer; b) the horizontal forward position of the auditory event when this placement geometry is optimized; Due to the changeable placement geometry of the acoustic transducer device, it utilizes either Characteristic stereo headphones. 15. Special for stereo headphones with the usual placement of the acoustic transducer in the external ear process In the method of determining a modification, according to the method of claim 1, Stereo headphone playback/transmission function that simulates placement using horizontal position How to determine the special modification of stereo headphones characterized by. 16. of a pair of stereo headphones with the usual placement of the acoustic transducer in the external ear process. In a method for determining a two-channel filter circuit, according to the method of claim 1. , a stereo headphone that simulates an arrangement that takes advantage of the horizontal forward position of the auditory event. The speaker is connected in conjunction with a pair of stereo headphones that produce the playback and transmission functions of the Pair of Stereo Headphone Channels Featuring Modified Creation of Teleo Headphones How to determine the filter circuit. 17. The method for determining a two-channel filter circuit according to claim 16, A reduction in the number of auditory events according to claim 1, in which switch-on and switch-off occur. A method characterized by the correction characteristics of stereo headphones, which utilizes both positions. 18. Simulating the stereo headphone position of the temporal event according to claim 15 or 16. In the method of determining the rate of modification, the acoustic transducer is placed in a stereo Determine the external ear attenuation rate within the auditory canal of the test subject using headphones. How to do it. 19. Acoustic conversion using the horizontal forward position of an auditory event according to claim 15 or 16. Determining the external ear attenuation rate within the auditory canal of the test subject using stereo headphones with a device configuration A method characterized by: 20. Simulating the stereo headphone position of the auditory event according to claim 15 or 16. Reproduction transmission that takes advantage of this position of the auditory event in the method of determining the modification to rate. According to claims 19 and 18, the transmission function is configured to form a difference from the external character attenuation rate. A method characterized by fixation. 21. 16. The method of claim 15, characterized by a regenerative transmission function, According to claim 20, the comb filter structure consisting of A method characterized by taking into consideration mathematically. 22. 17. The method of claim 16, in accordance with claim 20, combing from differential formation. A method for characterizing a shaped filter structure by its two-channel transmission function. 23. Stereo utilizing the horizontal front of an auditory event according to one of claims 15 to 20 In the method for 2-channel correction of headphones, determine the outer ear attenuation rate and perform Power level calculations shall be performed within a frequency range of at least 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Two channels of stereo headphones that utilize the horizontal front of the auditory event characterized by How to make the fix. 24. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein Standard measurement frequency sequence according to DIN 45401, providing at least a decomposition A method characterized in that the frequency scale is expanded to a logarithmic frequency scale graduated in three-quarters. 25. According to claim 1, simulating an arrangement that takes advantage of the horizontal forward position of the auditory event In the method for 2-channel correction of stereo headphones, For analog-to-digital conversion of acoustic signals modulated by headphones A method for performing two-channel modification to stereo headphones characterized by a device. 26. 26. The method according to claim 25, further comprising an apparatus for performing digital data processing. Depending on the location, one of claims 23 or 24 may be followed, as well as claims 15 to 2. 2. A method characterized in that the operational substeps are performed according to one of 2. 27. Multidimensional spatial stereo using the headphones according to claim 1 or 26. characterized by an expansion of the possibilities of digital handling of data in a way that generates Method. 28. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the horizontal anterior position of the auditory event is used to detect the outer ear. The placement of the acoustic transducer on the protrusion, as well as the normal placement, makes it possible to use stereo headphones. computer-assisted, independent masking of filters to produce multidimensional room acoustics. Digital with multi-channel, digital simulation and acoustic signal delay A method characterized by using handling. 29. A method according to one of claims 2-12 or 15-28, in which the acoustic signal The playback device takes advantage of the horizontal forward position of the auditory event, making it possible to use conventional stereo headphones. direct conversion of measured individual difference level data into multi-channel corrections of How to characterize it. 30. A method according to one of claims 2 to 12 or 15 to 28, in which for the measurement Data processing equipment, which is also preferably used for Both are capable of storing individual data in the form of digital codes into a digital data storage module. A method characterized in that the difference levels of each are sent. 31. A method according to one of claims 29 and 30, in which the acoustic signal recirculating device characterized, the device has variable transmission characteristics and/or modification characteristics thereof; 11. A method comprising: a programmable digital filter. 32. A method according to one of claims 29 and 31, characterized in that switching of auditory events is preferred. Individual multi-channel audio signal playback device before stereo headphones, which is convenient A data storage module cooperating with this audio signal reproduction device performs a special How to mark. 33. 33. A method according to one of claims 26 to 32, wherein data handling is carried out, and a separate multi-channel decoder of digital audio signals modulating stereo headphones. A method characterized by digital-to-analog conversion. 34. A method according to one of claims 2-16, 27 and 28, wherein 2-1 or more. The ratio of the distance traveled in front of the lower one, which is preferably higher than Based on the usual placement geometry of the acoustic transducer device, which is convenient, the travel distance is selection of placement geometry that maximizes and/or minimizes auditory events. and the selection of an acoustic transducer device in which the horizontal forward position of the is advantageous. Law. 35. 29. A method according to one of claims 2 to 28, in which a multidimensional room is Preferably, the horizontal forward position of the auditory event is advantageous for producing the acoustic signature. Feed the stereo signal from the recording to the acoustic transducer device and place it in the head of the auditory event. The upper position is convenient for recording stereo signals due to its placement on the acoustic transducer device. A method characterized in that it provides stereo spatial reflections generated from a 36. A method according to one of claims 2 to 25, in which a multi-channel stereo In order to extend multidimensional spatial auditory events by headphone, it is preferable to Place the acoustic transducer device in a convenient position below and behind the viewing direction. at least one direction, by an appropriate amount according to the position of at least one of the auditory events. A method characterized by: 37. A method according to one of claims 2 to 28, 27 and 36, preferably for the purpose of comparison and/or measurement of auditory events. Free selection between acoustic transducer devices to produce directional orientation and multidimensional room acoustics. A method characterized by attempting an optional switch. 38. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the horizontal anterior position and intracranial superior localization of the auditory event The arrangement of the acoustic transducer device of the stereo headphone is advantageous in that at least one of the Place the headphone cup and the acoustic transducer device securely in its resting position. Usually used to place at least one at the auricle and at least one in front of the auricle. It is preferable to apply an intermittent stress to the headphone pad that allows sound to pass through. A method characterized by: 39. 39. A method according to one of claims 2 to 38, in which temporal events are performed in a neutral acoustic pattern. at least one of the horizontal anterior position and intracranial superior position of the auditory event to form an image. Stereo headphones with an arrangement of acoustic transducer devices that is advantageous The effects of the intermediate transmission range are preferably between the headphone ear pads and the head and headphone cover. A headphone cup configuration that improves coupling between the top and the amphibious frequency response of the acoustic transducer device and/or modifying the answer. 40. A method according to one of claims 2 to 39, wherein a linear, comb filter Stereo The upper intermediate transmission range of the acoustic transducer in headphones and at least the highest transmission range The neutral state of the acoustic pattern on the one hand is advantageous due to relatively wide band modification. how it is characterized. 41. A method according to one of claims 2 to 40, in which the acoustic transducer arrangement of headphones A technologically advanced, volume-adjustable, separate multi-dispersion of the audio signal that modulates the characterized by the modulation performed in the headphone's acoustic transducer device by the amplification How to do it.