JPH0549411A - Production of silage and additive therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a high-quality silage with stabilized lactic fermentation, high in fanciness by adding ethanol to a silage feedstock such as corn or orchard grass. CONSTITUTION:The objective high-quality silage can be obtained safely and assuredly by adding ethanol to a silage feedstock such as corn or orchard grass. The other objective additive for the present silage can be obtained by incorporating (A) 25-75wt.% of the above ethanol with (B) <=10wt.% of such ingredients as saccharide(s), organic acid, amino acid, vitamin(s) and/or mineral(s).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a silage additive suitable for safely and reliably producing high quality silage.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Silage is a feed for storage produced by chopping a silage raw material having a constant water content, packing it into silos, and subjecting it to lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions with sugar and lactic acid bacteria contained in the raw material. Conventionally, in order to improve the quality of silage, it has been performed to add a lactic acid bacterium preparation or a drug such as propionic acid or formic acid.
Lactic acid bacteria preparations are effective by adding them to silage raw materials to grow the bacteria, but for the growth of the bacteria, environmental effects such as nutrition, water, and temperature are not suitable, and the effects were expected. In some cases, it could not be obtained, and there was a point that it was insufficient as an additive for improving quality. On the other hand, acid additives such as propionic acid and formic acid are very effective in preventing contamination by harmful microorganisms such as mold and have high reliability, but they corrode equipment such as harvesters and silos, and do not cause human body damage during addition work. There is a problem that it is difficult to use due to the danger to the.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a silage manufacturing method for safely and reliably manufacturing high quality silage.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have conducted extensive studies on additives for preventing abnormal fermentation during silage production and promoting normal growth of lactic acid bacteria. , By adding ethanol, suppresses the growth of harmful microorganisms such as molds, finds that high quality silage can be reliably obtained while promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria suitable for silage fermentation, and the present invention, completed.

That is, the present invention is characterized by adding ethanol to a silage raw material during the production of silage, and a silage producing method for producing a high quality silage safely and surely and a silage used therefor. It provides an additive.

In the present invention, ethanol is mixed with the raw material during the production of silage to suppress the growth of molds harmful to silage and accelerate the fermentation of beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria. Specifically, it is carried out by directly mixing ethanol with the raw material.
The concentration of ethanol to be mixed is not particularly limited, but high concentration of ethanol is not preferable because it easily ignites, and low concentration is also not preferable because the raw material becomes watery. Usually, about 25 to 75% is preferable.

In the present invention, the concentration of ethanol in the silage raw material can be achieved by adding 0.2% by weight or more to the silage raw material. Molds generally have low alcohol tolerance and their growth is suppressed at low concentrations, but bacteria and yeasts, especially lactic acid bacteria, have high alcohol tolerance and can grow even at considerably high concentrations. However, even if the concentration is increased more than necessary, since it is volatile, it cannot be completely sealed even if it is sealed during the production and storage of silage. The upper limit of 2 to 5% is usually used for reasons such as Higher concentrations may be economically unprofitable and should be avoided.

When the amount of ethanol added is low, the effect of suppressing the growth of harmful microorganisms is small, and when the amount added is higher than the above range, it tends to take a long time to complete silage fermentation. Further, in order to add the above ethanol to the silage raw material, it may be mixed with the silage raw material in advance and then added to the silo, but since ethanol has good permeability to the silage raw material, after the silage raw material is added to the silo. Alternatively, ethanol may be added from the top of the silo. Note that the silage raw material in the present invention refers to a shredded plant that is usually used for silage production, corn, sorghum,
Orchard glass, timothy, alfalfer, Italian ryegrass, etc. cut into pieces of several cm to ten and several cm are preferably used.

In the present invention, in addition to ethanol,
The same effect can be exhibited by adding an additive other than ethanol. That is, glucose, sucrose, fructose, sugars such as maltose, further citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, organic acids such as gluconic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, amino acids such as lysine, chloride Minerals such as potassium, iron citrate, iron DL-threonine and the like, and vitamins such as ascorbic acid, inositol, choline chloride, thiamine hydrochloride, cyanocobalamin, d-biotin and vitamin D ₃ oil can be appropriately added. The amount added is not particularly limited, but does not need to be too high and may be 10% by weight or less. At higher concentrations, it is not particularly harmful but economically unnecessary.

In the silo containing the ethanol of the present invention, the growth of molds, which are harmful microorganisms for silage fermentation, is suppressed, but the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which is a useful microorganism, is not suppressed at all, so that the silage fermentation proceeds smoothly. Then
High quality silage can be stably obtained.

The effects of the present invention will be shown below with reference to experimental examples. [Experimental example] Dent corn (variety: Pioneer 3732,
A predetermined amount of the ethanol-containing composition (60% by weight ethanol aqueous solution) was evenly sprayed on a piece cut into 2 to 3 cm for 110 days), and then 2 kg each was packed in a zippered plastic bag. Then put it in an aluminum bag and seal it.
A load of kg / m ² was applied, and the sample was stored without opening until analysis. The analysis was carried out in accordance with the following measuring method for each ethanol-added test group at the first test, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks, and the number of viable bacteria (the number of lactic acid bacteria, the number of general bacteria, the number of mold bacteria), the amount of organic acids, p
H, each item of the preservation state by the sensory test was carried out.

(1) Viable cell count 10 g of a sample was suspended in 100 ml of sterilized water, shaken for 30 minutes on a rotary shaker, and the resulting solution (10-fold diluted solution) was appropriately diluted and applied to an agar plate. 2 at 30 ° C
Cultures were carried out for days (lactic acid bacteria, general bacteria) and 3 to 7 days (mold). Each sample was run for 2-3 serial dilutions,
The number of colonies at the optimum dilution was counted and converted per 1 g of the sample to obtain the viable cell count. Lactic acid bacteria were anaerobically cultured in a medium for inoculating general lactic acid bacteria (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) with 0.5% calcium carbonate, and among the colonies that grow,
What melt | dissolved calcium carbonate and the circumference | surroundings became transparent was measured. General bacteria were cultured in a medium containing normal broth agar medium (manufactured by Kyokuto Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) containing 50 μg / ml of nystatin and 50 g / ml of cycloheximide, and the grown colonies were counted. Molds were chloramphenicol 10 on potato dextrose agar medium (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.).
The cells were cultured in a medium containing 0 μg / ml and 50 μg / ml ampicillin, and among the grown colonies, those with mycelial growth were counted.

(2) Organic Acid Amount The 10-fold diluted solution prepared at the time of measuring the viable cell count was filtered with a filter and measured by the HPLC method under the following conditions. Column: Sim-pack SCR-101H Mobile phase: Perchloric acid aqueous solution (pH 2.1) Flow rate: 0.8 ml / min. Temperature: 60 ° C Detection: UV (210 nm) Model: Shimadzu LC6A type HPLC

(3) pH The 10-fold diluted solution prepared at the time of measuring the viable cell count was filtered with a filter and measured using a pH meter. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.

[0015]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, when ethanol is added to the silage raw material, the growth of harmful microorganisms such as general bacteria and molds is suppressed. In particular, the viable cell count of molds is 10000 min. It has decreased to 1 or less. on the other hand,
The growth of lactic acid bacteria, which is a useful microorganism, is not suppressed at all,
Good lactic acid fermentation is occurring in the silage. Even in the sensory test, when no ethanol was added, strong mold
In contrast to the spoiled odor, when ethanol was added, all of them finally exhibited a good silage odor, and particularly when 2.0% was added, there was no mold.
No rotten odor was generated, indicating that addition of ethanol significantly stabilizes lactic acid fermentation in silage.

The effect of the added ethanol concentration is 0.2
%, The effect begins to be exerted, and as the concentration increases up to 2%, the effect increases.
If it exceeds%, the effect proportional to the concentration is reduced. From the standpoint of the growth of microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria continue to grow even when they reach 10%, but such a high concentration is not economically necessary.

As described above, when ethanol is added to silage raw material in an amount of 0.2% or more and fermented for about 8 weeks, the mold and putrid odor, which is a major cause of the deterioration of the palatability, are significantly reduced and the palatability is high. You can get good quality silage.

A detailed description will be given below with reference to embodiments.

【Example】

Example 1 100 t of dent corn (variety: Pioneer 3732, 110 days) having a water content of about 65% was cut into a length of about 5 cm, and sufficiently mixed with 1000 kg of a 70 wt% ethanol aqueous solution. This was packed in a tower silo, a vinyl sheet was covered on the upper part of the silo, and aged for 4 weeks. The obtained silage had no mold or rotten odor, and the dairy cows (Holstein breed) liked it.

Example 2 100 t of orchardgrass (variety: Kitamidori) having a water content of about 65% was cut into a length of about 1 cm, and 50 kg of ethanol and 1000 kg of an ethanol aqueous solution were sufficient,
Mixed. This was packed in a bunker silo, the upper part of the silo was covered with a vinyl sheet, and aged for 8 weeks. The obtained silage had no mold or rotten odor, and the dairy cows (Holstein breed) liked it.

Example 3 Italian Ryegrass 2000 with a water content of about 75%
Kg was cut into a length of about 2 cm and sufficiently mixed with 20 kg of an ethanol-containing composition consisting of 50% by weight of ethanol, 1% by weight of glucose and 0.6% by weight of citric acid. This was packed in a plastic bag (roll pack silage) and aged for 8 weeks. The obtained silage had no mold or rotten odor, and the dairy cows (Holstein breed) liked it.

Example 4 Orchardgrass (variety: Kitamidori): Red Clover (variety: Redhead) having a water content of about 75%
100 t of mixed raw material (mixing ratio 8: 2) is cut into a length of about 2 cm, packed into a bunker silo, and an ethanol-containing composition consisting of 60 wt% ethanol, 1 wt% glucose, and 0.6 wt% citric acid from the top of the silo. Thing 1000k
g was added. Then, a vinyl sheet was covered on the upper part of the silo and aged for 8 weeks. The resulting silage is moldy
Dairy cattle (Holstein), which had no rotting odor, were preferred.

Example 5 100 t of dent corn (variety: Pioneer 3732, 110 days) having a water content of about 65% was cut into a length of about 5 cm, and 300 kg of a 70 wt% ethanol aqueous solution was sufficient,
Mixed. This was packed in a tower silo, a vinyl sheet was covered on the upper part of the silo, and aged for 4 weeks. The obtained silage had no mold or rotten odor, and the dairy cows (Holstein breed) liked it.

Example 6 100 t of orchard glass (variety: Kitamidori) having a water content of about 65% was cut into a length of about 1 cm, and sufficiently mixed with 400 kg of 50% by weight ethanol aqueous ethanol solution. This was packed in a bunker silo, a vinyl sheet was covered on the upper part of the silo, and aged for 8 weeks. The obtained silage had no mold or rotten odor, and the dairy cows (Holstein breed) liked it.

Example 7 Timothy (variety: Nosap) 2 with a water content of about 75%
Cut 000 kg to a length of about 2 cm, and use ethanol 50
It was sufficiently mixed with 10 kg of an ethanol-containing composition consisting of 1 wt% glucose, 1 wt% glucose and 0.6 wt% citric acid. This was packed in a plastic bag (roll pack silage) and aged for 8 weeks. The obtained silage had no mold or rotten odor, and the dairy cows (Holstein breed) liked it.

Example 8 Orchardgrass (variety: Kitamidori): Red Clover (variety: Redhead) having a water content of about 75%
100 t of mixed raw material (mixing ratio 8: 2) is cut into a length of about 2 cm, packed into a bunker silo, and an ethanol-containing composition consisting of 60 wt% ethanol, 1 wt% glucose, and 0.6 wt% citric acid from the top of the silo. 500 kg
I put it in. Then, a vinyl sheet was covered on the upper part of the silo and aged for 8 weeks. The resulting silage is moldy
Dairy cattle (Holstein), which had no rotting odor, were preferred.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing silage, which comprises adding ethanol to a silage raw material. 2. An additive for silage, which is obtained by mixing 10 to 50% by weight of one or more selected from sugars, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals with 25 to 75% by weight of ethanol.