JPH05321204A - Outdoor parking facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate the temp. management in the winter season for prevention of freezing and snow deposit by forming a sheet form heat emitting element from an electric heater which is covered with an electrically insulative and waterproofing material, and embedding a plurality of such elements in the part of soil to be heated of an outdoor parking place. CONSTITUTION:A sheet form heat emitting element 1 is formed from a material having a positive temperature coefficient, and current is fed in advance to this element 1 to conform that its heat emission temp. is max. 5-40 deg.C under the condition that the ambient temp. is 0 deg.C. A plurality of such heat emitting elements 1 are laid flatly in the area for parking place at an appropriate spacing, and thereover a soil, asphalt, or concrete 5 is laid to a certain thickness, preferably 3-30cm. Then a heat equalizing body 4 made from a wire meshing, metal grating, or perforated plate is laid over the whole area flatly, and finally thereover a soil, asphalt, concrete, or stone 5 is laid in any appropriate manner. Thus an outdoor parking place is completed. To heat it, first a temp. sensor 2 is installed, and circuit control is conducted. Any location for this sensor 2 may be accepted as long as it lies right over one of the heat emitting elements 1, and the level is made on the same as the ground surface.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an outdoor parking lot which is electrically heated so that the ground surface shows a uniform temperature distribution, is free from freezing and snow in the winter, and can be easily temperature-controlled.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as a means for preventing the freezing of the surface portion of civil engineering structures such as roads in winter, 1) bury a pipe such as a water passage pipe in the ground and add hot water. A method of heating by passing a heating heat medium, 2) A method of burying a linear resistance heating element in a plane while repeatedly meandering and heating by heating by energization, 3) A method of spraying hot water at appropriate times, and heating. Etc. have been adopted.

[0003]

In the above-mentioned existing method, in the method 1), it is necessary to lay a water pipe for carrying the heating medium for heating to the destination of heating, and to separately heat the pipe. It is necessary to establish a heat source supply base for the medium, and the construction cost for both is enormous. Furthermore, when trying to control the heating temperature in the heating section in response to changes in environmental temperature,
This is a combination of control of the flow rate of the heat medium and control of the degree of heating, which is not practically possible.

In the method 2), the resistance heating wire laid in a meandering pattern is easily moved due to the earth pressure during the burying work, so that it is not possible to bury the repetitive meandering width uniformly and the planar temperature distribution in the soil surface layer portion becomes uneven. Become. Therefore, the optimum installation location of the temperature sensor installed for the purpose of controlling the temperature of the soil surface layer portion cannot be specified, and control is inevitably coarse.

The method 3) is completely unsuitable because hot water is sprayed in a timely manner, and soil flows out in a soil structure embedded only with soil, and repair work is always required.

[0006]

In view of such a situation, the present inventor has diligently studied a heating method which does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks, and as a result, an electric heating type sheet heating element covered with an insulating and waterproof coating. By burying in a soil part to be heated, it is possible to obtain an outdoor parking lot with easy temperature control and freezing and snow accumulation in winter.

Further, when the embedding position of the sheet heating element is shallow and there is uneven heating between adjacent sheet heating elements, uneven heating occurs. However, the sheet heating element should be appropriately spaced above the sheet heating element. The inventors have found that it is possible to effectively obtain an outdoor parking lot with a uniform surface temperature by embedding a soaking body in the same manner, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides an outdoor parking lot characterized in that an electric heating type sheet heating element having an insulating and waterproof coating is buried near the ground surface. Further, the present invention is characterized in that, in such an outdoor parking lot, a soaking body is arranged above the planar heating element with an appropriate interval as required.

It is desirable that the soaking body is made of metal in consideration of good heat conductivity, and in terms of shape,
It is a net-like body, a lattice-like body or a perforated plate.

[0010] Here, the outdoor parking lots include small-sized ones for parking one or two vehicles, such as homes, and dozens, hundreds or more commercial vehicles. The large area and the large area are included and are not particularly limited.

As the electric heating type sheet heating element coated with insulation and waterproof used in the present invention, for example, a plastic sheet or film having a high insulation resistance value serving as a base material,
A sheet-shaped heating element coated with a semi-conductive coating and prepared with electrodes, or a semi-conductive film or sheet prepared by kneading and dispersing conductive powder etc. in plastic in advance. Examples thereof include a heating element or a sheet heating element provided with an electrode on a woven or non-woven fabric of carbon fibers, and the like, which are provided with an insulating coating and a waterproof coating made of a thermoplastic resin, rubber, asphalt or the like. These coatings
A waterproof coating may be laminated on the insulating coating, or a coating having both insulating and waterproof properties may be applied.

Among the above-mentioned sheet heating elements, those in which electrodes are provided on a semiconductive sheet or film prepared by kneading and dispersing a conductive powder or the like in a crystalline thermoplastic resin are
It has a positive temperature resistance coefficient, that is, the resistance increases when the temperature rises, and the temperature does not rise above a certain temperature, so that temperature control is particularly easy and preferable, and in particular, electricity is generated under the condition of 0 ° C. to generate heat. The maximum temperature at that time is preferably 5 to 40 ° C.

Examples of the crystalline thermoplastic resin used here include polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyamide resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, and the like. Among them, the adhesiveness with a metal electrode is particularly high. Acid-modified polyethylene, acid-modified polypropylene, and ionomer resin are preferable from the viewpoint of superiority.

Examples of the conductive powder and the like include conductive powders such as carbon black, copper powder and stainless powder, and conductive fibers such as short carbon fibers and stainless fibers.
Of these, carbon black is preferred.

Examples of the electrode include metal foil such as copper foil, twisted wire made of various metals, and braided wire. Examples of the insulating coating include those made of plastic, rubber, asphalt, etc. as described above, and are not particularly limited, but a sheet or film made of electrically insulating plastic is usually used. Among them, in the case of the sheet heating element having the positive resistance coefficient, if a sheet or film made of the same kind as the crystalline thermoplastic resin used for this is used, the adhesiveness with the sheet heating element is good. preferable.

Examples of the waterproof coating include various thermoplastic resins, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, rubber-asphalt mixture and the like formed into a sheet or film.
Thickness 2 consisting of a mixture of rubber such as SBR and asphalt
Sheet-like material with a thickness of 10 mm is pre-waterproof protective in the factory, or workability during waterproof protective coating at the construction site,
It is preferable because it is excellent in protective coatability and the like. Of these, a sheet of the rubber-asphalt mixture internally reinforced with a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers or carbon fibers is particularly preferable in terms of excellent durability after construction.

Such a sheet heating element preferably has a width of about 30 to 50 cm, and usually has a length of about 2 to 20 m, in view of the conductivity of the conductor and the distance between the electrodes. Its thickness is around several mm and it has flexibility and is highly workable. The calorific value is preferably about 200 to 300 watt / m ² , and if it is this level, it can be applied up to a low temperature of about −15 ° C.

It is preferable that the sheet heating element which has been insulated and waterproofed is normally buried at a depth of 3 to 30 cm, preferably 5 to 20 cm from the surface of the earth. However, it may be buried up to a depth of about 40 cm.

The burying does not adopt a method of laying a sheet-like heating element on the entire surface, but laying it at regular intervals so that the lower layer soil layer or asphalt of the heating element, the concrete layer, and the upper layer soil layer or asphalt The integration with the concrete layer can be achieved through the gap between the heating elements, which is preferable. The distance between the sheet heating elements is from 5 cm to about 1.5 times the width of the heating element itself.

In this way, when the buried surface heating element, which is laid out at intervals, is energized to indirectly heat the ground surface located above the heating element and the buried depth is relatively shallow, The layer immediately above the plane heating element is heated the fastest,
Since the heat conduction on the ground surface located in the gap between the heating elements is insufficient as compared with the immediately upper layer portion, the temperature rise is delayed or the temperature rises little in some cases. In such a place, a phenomenon such as freezing or snow accumulation may occur against the intention even though the power is supplied in the cold state.

The above-mentioned non-uniformity of temperature rise becomes remarkable as the distance between the heating elements becomes wider. However, when the burying depth of the heating elements is deep to some extent, soil or asphalt,
There is no problem from that point because the heat is evenly diffused while the heat is transmitted through the concrete layer. However, it is possible but not preferable to dig down too deeply when constructing a parking lot.

In consideration of this point, the present invention is also characterized by disposing a soaking body in the intermediate portion between the sheet heating element and the ground surface. The soaking body is preferably made of metal, which is a good conductor of heat in terms of material, and needs to be a perforated body such as a mesh body, a lattice body, and a perforated plate. By covering the planar heating element with such a uniform heating element, the non-uniformity of heating is extremely effectively eliminated.

The depth of embedding of the heat equalizing body is preferably 1 to 5 cm above the planar heating element embedded in the lower layer, and 1 cm or more from the surface of the earth in order to maintain the strength of the entire structure.
The size of the through holes of the heat equalizer, that is, the size of the openings of the wire mesh and the grid should not be particularly coarse. About 0.5 to 2 cm is the soil, asphalt, concrete above and below the heat equalizer. It is desirable to integrate the above.

In addition, the surface portion of the parking lot of the present invention, particularly the outermost surface portion, should be hardened with concrete to facilitate the replacement work when the sheet heating element needs to be replaced due to damage or other reasons. Instead of, it is also effective to use a member that can be individually covered and peeled, such as covering with a cobblestone.

[0025]

In the outdoor parking lot of the present invention, since a thin sheet-like heating element having an insulating and waterproof coating is used, it is only necessary to carry out a simple preparation work such as digging the construction portion shallowly or not at all when burying the construction. Since it has a positive temperature resistance coefficient, temperature control is easy and heating can be performed uniformly on the entire ground surface. Furthermore, when a uniform heating element such as a metal wire mesh, a grid, or a perforated plate is embedded in the intermediate layer, it is possible to increase the distance between the planar heating elements to be arranged, and not only uniform heating is performed. The structure itself can be solidly constructed.

Furthermore, when a sheet heating element having a positive temperature coefficient is used, the resistance value increases at a certain temperature or higher,
Since the phenomenon of the self-control of the current value occurs, the amount of electric power used is also reduced as compared with the case where the control mechanism member alone is used for control.

[0027]

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of an outdoor parking lot of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of the structure of an electric heating type sheet heating element having an insulating and waterproof coating used in an outdoor parking lot of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a sheet-like heating element covered with an insulating and waterproof coating, 2 is a temperature sensor, 3 is an energization controller, 4 is a soaking body, 5 is soil or asphalt, concrete, paving stones, etc. In FIG. 2, 6 is a semiconductive sheet,
Reference numeral 7 is an electrode, 8 is an energization lead wire, 9 is a caulking metal fitting for joining the electrode 7 and the lead wire 8, 10 is an insulating coating, and 11 is a waterproof coating.

In order to obtain the outdoor parking lot of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the sheet heating element 1 with an insulation coating is embedded under the surface of the outdoor parking lot, which is supposed in advance, and preferably a suitable one above it. It is only necessary to embed a soaking body in the part. For example, the sheet-like heating elements 1 for which the heat generation temperature (maximum heat generation temperature at 0 ° C) has been confirmed by energizing in advance are laid flat at appropriate intervals at the parking lot position, and the soil or asphalt or concrete After laying, the heat-uniforming body 4, that is, a wire mesh or a metal grid or a perforated plate is laid flat on the entire surface,
Finally, soil or asphalt, concrete, paving stones, etc. 5 may be appropriately piled up or laminated to an appropriate thickness to complete the process.

Usually, the thickness of the soil or the like 5 that is piled up for embedding the planar heating element 1 is at least 3 cm or more from the ground surface so that the planar heating element 1 is less likely to be damaged by the weight of the parked vehicle. In order to finish the soil structure in which the soaking body for equalizing the temperature of the ground surface and the sheet heating element are firmly integrated, It is appropriate that the depth difference from the heating element be 1 cm or more.

In addition, it is preferable to incorporate a temperature sensor and perform circuit control so that heating can be performed with as little electric power as possible when heating, but the position of the sensor may be anywhere directly above the planar heating element, and its depth. It is more desirable to set the level to the same level as the ground surface.

The reason is that in order to prevent freezing and snow accumulation, the temperature of the ground surface of the parking lot should be above the freezing point (1 to 3 ° C or above).
This is because it is necessary to keep the temperature at a high level and not to raise the temperature more than necessary.

It is completely unfavorable to install a sensor in the hundred-leaf box installed for collecting the meteorological temperature to keep the parking lot surface temperature at 1 ° C. or higher.

[0034]

Since the outdoor parking lot of the present invention uses the sheet heating element having the insulating and waterproof coating, it can be easily and uniformly embedded in the parking lot, and the temperature can be easily controlled and the surface thereof can be easily controlled. Has a structure in which the soil, asphalt, and concrete are reinforced by the uniform heating element while being uniformly heated, so that the load-carrying performance of the planar heating element is improved, and it can sufficiently withstand the entry and exit of the vehicle for a long period of time.

[0035]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of an outdoor parking lot of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of the structure of an electric heating type sheet-like heating element with an insulating and waterproof coating used in an outdoor parking lot of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Insulation and waterproof coated sheet heating element 2 Temperature sensor 3 Energization controller 4 Soaking body 5 Soil or asphalt, concrete 6 Semi-conductive sheet 7 Electrode 8 Conductive lead wire 9 Caulking metal fitting 10 Insulation coating 11 Waterproof coating

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An outdoor parking lot in which an electric heating type sheet heating element having an insulating and waterproof coating is buried near the surface of the earth. 2. The outdoor parking lot according to claim 1, wherein a soaking body is provided below the surface of the sheet and above the planar heating element at appropriate intervals. 3. The outdoor parking lot according to claim 2, wherein the heat equalizer is a metal net, a grid or a perforated plate. 4. The outdoor parking lot according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the planar heating element has a positive temperature resistance coefficient. 5. The outdoor parking lot according to claim 1, wherein the maximum heat generation temperature of the sheet heating element at an ambient temperature of 0 ° C. is 5 to 40 ° C. 6. The outdoor parking lot according to claim 1, wherein an embedded depth of the planar heating element is 3 to 30 cm from the ground surface. 7. The outdoor parking lot according to claim 1, wherein the planar heating element is made by dispersing carbon black in a crystalline thermoplastic resin. 8. The ground surface portion is formed of paving stones.
The outdoor parking lot according to any one of 7.