JPH05318188A - Plastic working method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the manufacturing efficiency and to work the material to be worked at low cost. CONSTITUTION:A plate like material to be worked 18 is positioned to the front face side of opening part of a molding cavity 34 formed on a die 26. A flying body 24 composed of the sublimation material of the dry-ice, etc., is collided at high velocity with the position corresponding to the opening part of molding cavity of the material to be worked 18. Therefore, the material to be worked 18 is drawn inside the molding cavity 34, and deformed with plastic working to the outer shape along the shape of internal surface. Accordingly, because the grazing defect, etc., is not generated on the contact surface of the flying body and the material to be worked, so the remarkably nondefective worked surface can be obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plastic working method, and more specifically, a sublimable object typified by dry ice is used as a projectile, and the projectile is caused to fly at high speed under the action of high-pressure gas injection. The present invention relates to a plastic working method in which a material to be processed is plastically deformed to form a desired shape by colliding with the material to be processed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Parts of various mechanical devices are manufactured by plastically deforming a metal material. As the plastic working method, a plate-shaped work material is placed on a die having a required hole, and a drawing work is performed to form the work material into a desired shape by narrowing it into a hole with a punch, BACKGROUND ART Forging is known in which a material to be processed is shaped into a required shape by applying pressure to the material to be processed with a hammer or a press through a tool.

[0003]

In the above-described drawing process, when the work material is narrowed into the hole of the die by the punch, the contact surface between the work material and the punch may be scratched. It is pointed out that not only the value as a product is reduced, but also finishing processing must be performed in a later step, which lowers manufacturing efficiency. Further, it is unavoidable that the punch that comes into contact with the workpiece is deformed or worn over time, and it is necessary to periodically repair the punch or replace it with a new punch in order to prevent deterioration of processing accuracy.

Further, a product having a shape in which the inside thereof bulges larger than the opening size cannot be molded by the drawing process, and an expensive and complicated device is required to mold the product having such a special shape. There was a problem to do.

In the above-mentioned forging, in order to increase the impact force and pressure on the work material and improve the work efficiency, it is necessary to use high-power hammers and presses, which is costly. There is. However, if the hammer and press capabilities are set low, the work efficiency will decrease. Further, similarly to the above-described drawing process, a tool that comes into contact with a work material is deformed or worn over time, and it takes a lot of time to repair or replace the tool.

Further, the punches, tools, etc. used for the drawing and forging have to be individually manufactured in accordance with the specifications such as the shape and size of the product, and it is pointed out that this manufacturing cost increases.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems and has been proposed in order to suitably solve the problems. It is intended to improve the manufacturing efficiency and to process a work material at a low cost. The present invention relates to an obtained plastic working method.

[0008]

In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems and preferably achieve the intended purpose, the plastic working method according to the present invention is a front side of an opening of a die hole in a die having a required die hole. , A plate-shaped work piece is positioned, and then a projectile made of a sublimable object such as dry ice is collided at a high speed with a position corresponding to the mold cavity opening in the work piece. It is characterized in that the material is squeezed into the mold cavity and plastically deformed into an outer shape along the inner surface shape.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a plastic working method according to another invention of the present application is such that an ingot-shaped work material is made to face the inside of a required mold cavity formed in a die, and then the sublimability of dry ice or the like. It is characterized in that a projectile made of an object is caused to collide with the material to be processed to compressively deform the material to be plastically deformed into an outer shape along the inner surface shape of the mold cavity.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The plastic working method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings with reference to the preferred embodiments.

[0011]

[First Embodiment] FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus 10 capable of suitably carrying out the plastic working method according to the present invention. This processing apparatus 10 is for loading a high-pressure gas injection apparatus 12 for instantaneously injecting a high-pressure gas, and a sublimable projectile 24 that is rapidly ejected at high speed by receiving a large injection energy possessed by this high-pressure gas. A projectile loading device 14, a projectile 16 of a projectile that is connected to the projectile loading device 14 and extends horizontally, and a storage that is disposed in front of the projecting barrel 16 for storing a material 18 to be processed. Machine 20,
It is basically composed of a shock absorber 22 for absorbing and absorbing a strong shock when the flying object 24 collides with the workpiece 18. Then, in the processing device 10, after the sublimable projectile 24 formed into a required shape is loaded into the loading device 14, the high-pressure gas jetted from the high-pressure gas jet device 12 is acted on the projectile 24 at once, and the jetting pressure thereof is applied. By the flying body 24
Is caused to fly from the firing barrel 16 and collides with the work material 18 stored in the storage machine 20 to perform the required work.

As the sublimable flying body 24, dry ice formed by solidifying carbon dioxide into a substantially columnar shape is preferably used. The reason for this is that it is easy to handle, and that the dry ice itself does not collapse at the time of collision to destroy the devices and instruments around the collision area, and the material 18 is chemically sublimated by sublimation of the dry ice. This is because it is not contaminated physically and does not cause seizure or friction marks between the processing tool and the object to be processed. Moreover, for example, a large amount of extremely low temperature cold heat released when liquefied natural gas (LNG) is reduced to a gas at room temperature cools and solidifies the carbon dioxide gas produced as a by-product in the petrochemical industry and the ammonia industry, thereby reducing the cost. Moreover, it is possible to produce a large amount of dry ice. on the other hand,
As the high-pressure gas used as the high-speed flying drive medium for the flying object 24, an inert gas, particularly a nitrogen gas, is preferably used.

A support device 28 for the workpiece 18 and the die 26 is installed at a predetermined portion in the storage machine 20 so as to be able to be taken in and out. This support device 28
As schematically shown in FIG. 1, a casing 30 that serves as a mold reference for the apparatus, a die case 32 that is set in the mold so as to be releasable from the casing 30, and a mold hole having a shape to be applied to the workpiece 18. A die 26 having 34 formed therein and a guide body 36 for guiding the flying body 24 toward a desired portion of the workpiece 18 and the like are basically configured as one die unit.

The casing 30 is formed in a rectangular shape, and a cylindrical storage chamber 38 that opens to the front surface (left side in FIG. 1) is formed, and a cushioning member 40 has bolts 42 on the bottom surface of the storage chamber 38. Is fixed through. The cushioning member 40 functions to reduce the impact force applied when the flying body 24 collides with the workpiece 18. The die case 32 is slidably fitted into the housing chamber 38 of the casing 30 so that the bottom surface of the housing 30 contacts the cushioning member 40. Further, on the front surface of the casing 30, a lid body 44 having a through hole 44a having a diameter smaller than the opening size of the storage chamber 38 is detachably fixed by a plurality of bolts 46, and is fitted into the storage chamber 38. 32 is supported by the lid 44 so as not to fall off. A mounting pedestal 52 is disposed and fixed to the bottom of the casing 30, and the casing 30 is positioned and set on a set pedestal (not shown) disposed inside the storage machine 20 via the mounting pedestal 52. Is becoming

The die case 32 is formed with a cylindrical fitting concave portion 48 opening at the front surface thereof, and the die 26 is fitted into the concave portion 48. This dice 2
Formed in the mold 6 is a mold hole 34 in which a mold shape to be applied to the workpiece 18 is recessed, and the mold hole 34 is open to the front side. A guide body 36 slidably fitted in the through hole 44a of the lid body 44 is detachably fixed to the front surface of the die case 26 by a plurality of bolts 52, and the guide body 36 removes the guide body 36 from the die case 32. The die 26 is prevented from falling off. The die case 32 and the guide body 36 are
It is configured to be slidable with respect to the corresponding casing 30 and lid 44, and when the flying body 24 collides with the work piece 18, it is displaced to the right in the figure, and the shock absorbing effect by the cushioning member 40 is reduced. It is possible.

A fitting recess 36a is formed on the surface of the guide body 36 facing the die 26, and when the guide body 36 is fixed to the die case 32, the workpiece 18 is placed in the fitting recess 36a. It is positioned and held. The work piece 18 is held in a deformable state into the die cavity 34 of the die 26 when the flying body 24 collides. Further, the guide body 36 includes a die hole 34 of the die 26.
A guide hole 36b is formed at a position where the centers are aligned with each other. The guide hole 36b is set such that the inner diameter of the outlet facing the die 26 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the opening in the mold hole 34, and the inner diameter increases from the outlet toward the inlet. ing. As a result, the projectile 24 that has entered the guide hole 36 b can be guided toward the opening center of the mold cavity 34.

The flying body 24 has a die hole 34 of a die 26.
It is formed in a right circular cylinder shape having an outer diameter that can be inserted into and a required axial length, and as shown in FIG. 1, its tip is tapered to be guided to the guide hole 36b of the guide body 36. The mold cavity 34 can be smoothly entered. Further, a concave portion 24a having a required diameter is formed on the rear side of the flying body 24, and when the flying body 24 collides with the workpiece 18 and plastically deforms it along the mold cavity 34, the flying body 24 efficiently moves. The material 18 is set so that it can be collapsed and scattered to press the workpiece 18 against the inner surface of the mold cavity.

[0018]

[Operation of First Embodiment] Next, the operation of the plastic working method according to the first invention of the present application, which is carried out by operating the working apparatus according to the first embodiment, will be described.

First, as a preparatory setting operation for the processing apparatus 10, the supporting apparatus 28 is set in the mold as shown in FIG. That is, first, the fitting recess 48 of the die case 32 is
The die 26 is inserted into the die 26, and the guide body 36 is positioned and fixed to the die case 32 with the plate-shaped workpiece 18 facing the opening front surface of the die hole 34 in the die 26. As a result, the die case 32 and the guide body 3
The work piece 18 is positioned and held between the work piece 6 and the work piece 6. Then, the die case 3 in which the dice 26 are assembled in this way
2 is inserted into the housing chamber 38 of the casing 30 to which the cushioning member 40 is fixed, and the lid body 44 is fixed to the opening end surface of the casing 30, thereby the die case 32
Set irremovably. The above-described work can be performed by placing the casing 30 on a table or the like outside the storage device 20 in the processing apparatus 10.

As described above, the casing 30 and the die 26
After the mold is assembled and the work piece 18 is interveningly set, the supporting device 28 is set on the setting table in the storage device 20. That is, the support device 28 is, as shown in FIG.
6 is set in a posture in which the front end (shooting outlet) of the firing barrel 16 is oriented. In addition, the guide hole 36b of the guide body 36,
It is aligned outside the front end of the firing barrel 16. The position of the guide hole 36b with respect to the firing barrel 16 is configured to be appropriately adjusted on the set table side.

After the predetermined work of the supporting device 28 is completed, the flying object 24 is loaded in the flying object loading device 14 and the high pressure gas is charged in the high pressure gas injection device 12. Then, the high-pressure gas injection device 12 is activated at an appropriate time to instantly release a large amount of high-pressure gas and inject it toward the loading device 14 all at once. As a result, the projectile 24 in the loading device 14 receives the large energy held by the jetted high-pressure gas, and instantaneously flies in the launch tube 16 at high speed to plunge into the storage device 20. The flying speed of the flying body 24 is appropriately adjusted according to the material, thickness dimension, deformation amount, and the like of the workpiece 18.

Further, the projectile 24 passes through the guide hole 36b of the guide body 36 from the exit of the firing barrel 16 and is directed toward the portion corresponding to the die hole 34 in the workpiece 18 as shown in FIG. 3 (a). To fly. The projectile 24 collides with the work material 18 with a large dynamic impact force,
As shown in FIG. 3B, the workpiece 18 is deformed toward the die hole 34 side of the die 26. When the work material 18 enters the mold cavity 34 while narrowing the work material 18 into the mold cavity 34 and the work material 18 contacts the bottom of the mold cavity 34,
The forward movement of the flying body 24 is blocked, so that the flying object 24 instantly collapses and scatters. Due to the pressure generated at this time, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the work piece 18 is pressed against the inner surface of the mold cavity 34 to be formed into a desired outer shape.

The material 18 after the plastic working can be taken out from the die hole 34 of the die 26 by releasing the guide body 36 from the die case 32.

In the processing apparatus 10 of the first embodiment, the hardness of the flying body 24 made of dry ice is extremely lower than the hardness of the workpiece 18 made of metal, and the flying body 24 and the workpiece 18 come into contact with each other. No scratches are produced on the surface and a very good processed surface is exhibited. Therefore, the finishing process in the post-process can be omitted, and the manufacturing efficiency can be improved. Further, since the flying object 24 is disposable, it is not necessary to perform complicated work such as repair and replacement, and it can be manufactured easily and at low cost according to the specifications such as the shape and size of the product.

[0025]

[Regarding modification of die] In the die 26 described above,
Although the case where the cylindrical mold hole 34 is formed has been described, the workpiece 18 can be formed into a shape along the inner surface of the mold hole 34 having various shapes.

For example, the mold cavity 34 of the die 26 shown in FIG.
Is a cylindrical hole 34a opening to the front side and the hole 3
4a and a cylindrical bulging portion 34b formed in communication with the rear portion of the bulge 4a. The inner diameter of the bulging portion 34b is set to be larger than the inner diameter of the hole 34a. The die 26 having the mold cavity 34 having a larger diameter inside than the opening portion is configured to be divided into two in order to take out the workpiece 18 after molding.

In the die 26 having the above-described mold cavity 34, as shown in FIG. 4A, the projectile 24 ejected from the firing barrel 16 at a high speed is first processed by being held on the front surface of the die 26. It collides with the material 18 and narrows it down along the hole 34a as shown in FIG. 4 (b). The projectile 24 further advances straight while narrowing down the workpiece 18 along the hole 34a, and the corresponding portion of the workpiece 18 with which the tip of the projectile 24 abuts comes into contact with the bottom of the mold cavity 34. At this time, since the flying body 24 is prevented from advancing, the flying body 24 instantly collapses and scatters, and the workpiece 18 facing the bulging portion 34b is
It is deformed along the inner surface of the bulging portion 34b. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), a product having a larger diameter inside than the opening is obtained.

It should be noted that the flying object 2 is matched with the shape of the mold cavity 34.
The shape and size of No. 4 are set, and the flying body 2
The flight speed of 4 is also set appropriately.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, in the case where the inner diameter of the mold cavity 34 is formed in a stepwise shape decreasing in the center in the axial direction, the workpiece held on the front surface of the die 26 is processed similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG. By colliding the flying object 24 with the material 18, the material 18 to be processed can be molded into an outer shape that matches the inner surface shape of the mold cavity 34. In this case, the outer shape of the flying object 24 is formed to be similar to the mold cavity 34.

[0030]

[Second Embodiment] FIG. 6 shows an essential part of a supporting device capable of suitably carrying out the plastic working method according to the second invention of the present application. The whole structure of the processing device and the basic structure of the supporting device are shown in FIG. The general configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment described above. However, in the second embodiment, the die 26 has two halves 26a,
26b, the mold cavity 34 formed in the die 26 has an internal tooth shape as shown in the drawing. Inside the mold cavity 34, an ingot-shaped work piece 18 is supported by appropriate means, and the work piece 18 is plastically deformed via the projectile 24 to form a gear. ing.

[0031]

[Operation of Second Embodiment] In the second embodiment,
The halves 26a and 26b are united, and the die 26 having the internal tooth-shaped mold cavity 34 formed therein is positioned and fixed to the die case 32 through appropriate means, as shown in FIG.
Then, the casing 30 with the die case 32 attached,
The positioning is set inside the storage device 20. At this time, the exit of the firing barrel 16 and the workpiece 18 are positioned so as to be aligned and aligned, as described above.
Although not shown, a guide body 36 that guides the flying body 24 toward the workpiece 18 is provided on the front side of the die 26.

Then, by operating the high-pressure gas injection device 12, the projectile 24 loaded in the projectile loading device 14 instantly flies in the launch tube 16 at high speed and plunges into the storage device 20. .. As shown in FIG. 7, the projectile 24 ejected from the exit of the launch tube 16 collides with the workpiece 18 with a large dynamic impact force. Since the work piece 18 is restricted from moving in the axial direction by the die case 32, the work piece 18 is compressed in the axial direction by the dynamic impact force from the projectile 24, so that the work piece 18 moves in the circumferential direction. Deform and die 26
The outer shape of the mold cavity 34 is plastically deformed along the inner shape of the mold cavity 34.

As for the work piece 18 after the completion of the plastic working, as shown in FIG.
It can be taken out by separating 6a and 26b. As a result, a gear having tooth portions corresponding to the inner surface shape of the mold cavity 34 is obtained.

In the embodiment, the case where the workpiece and the die are set on the supporting device outside the storage machine has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the support installed in the storage machine in advance is not limited thereto. You may make it set a to-be-processed material and a die in an apparatus. Further, many improvements and modifications can be made such as automatically supplying the work material to the front side of the die by the automatic supply / discharge means and automatically discharging the molded product.

[0035]

As described above, in the plastic working method according to the present invention, a flying object made of a sublimable object such as dry ice is made to collide with a work material to form the work material into a desired shape. be able to. Further, since the contact surface between the flying object and the material to be processed is not scratched or the like, a very good processed surface can be exhibited, and finishing processing in a post process can be omitted, and the manufacturing efficiency can be improved. In addition, since flying objects of various shapes and sizes can be manufactured at low cost, running costs can be reduced. Further, it is possible to easily perform processing of a special shape, which is impossible by the conventional drawing processing.

Further, according to the plastic working method, an ingot-shaped workpiece can be formed into a desired shape in a short time, and work efficiency can be improved. Further, a flying body made of dry ice has a small specific gravity, and a small amount of launch energy is required to fly the flying body at high speed, and the cost of incidental equipment such as a launcher can be kept low, which is economical.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram longitudinally showing a supporting device for a work material and a die in a processing apparatus capable of suitably implementing a plastic working method according to a first invention of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an entire processing apparatus.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of forming a workpiece by using a die having a cylindrical mold cavity.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a process of forming a work material with a die having a mold cavity having a larger diameter inside the opening.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a die having a mold cavity formed in a step shape.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing a main part of an apparatus capable of suitably implementing the plastic working method according to the second invention of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which the flying material collides with the material to be plastically deformed in the apparatus shown in FIG.

8 is a schematic oblique view showing a state in which the product is taken out by dividing the half of the die in the apparatus shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 18 Work Material 24 Flying Body 26 Die 34 Mold Hole

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Koichi Tanaka Gokisho-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi (without street number) Nagoya Institute of Technology (72) Inventor Sadakazu Okochi Goki-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture (no street number) ) In Nagoya Institute of Technology (72) Inventor Koichiro Kawashima Gokisho-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture (No house number) Inside Nagoya Institute of Technology (72) Inventor, Juzo Matsubara Gokisho-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture Nagoya (72) Inventor Hiroshi Takenaka 19-18 Sakurada-cho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Toho Gas Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Motoo Morita 1-200 Shimokojinakajima, Komaki-shi, Aichi Morita Iron Co., Ltd. Inside the factory

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A plate-shaped work material (18) is provided on the front side of the opening of the mold cavity (34) in a die (26) having the required mold cavity (34).
(24), which is made up of sublimable objects such as dry ice
By colliding at high speed with a position corresponding to the mold hole opening in the work material (18), the work material (18) is narrowed into the mold hole (34), and the outer shape along the inner surface shape thereof is formed. A plastic working method characterized by plastically deforming into a shape. 2. A flying body (24) made of a sublimable substance such as dry ice, facing an ingot-shaped work material (18) inside a required mold cavity (34) formed in a die (26). )
By colliding with the work material (18) to compressively deform the work material (18) and plastically deform it into an outer shape along the inner surface shape of the mold cavity (34). Plastic working method.