JPH05303282A - Developing device - Google Patents
Developing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05303282A JPH05303282A JP4131383A JP13138392A JPH05303282A JP H05303282 A JPH05303282 A JP H05303282A JP 4131383 A JP4131383 A JP 4131383A JP 13138392 A JP13138392 A JP 13138392A JP H05303282 A JPH05303282 A JP H05303282A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- developer
- roller
- developing
- stirring
- storage tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Landscapes
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、電子写真複写機やレー
ザプリンタ等、一様に帯電させた感光体に光走査等で静
電潜像を形成し、この静電潜像を帯電した現像剤で現像
し、得られた画像を紙等の記録媒体に転写、記録する電
子写真装置に関し、特に、感光体に形成された静電潜像
に帯電した粉体現像剤を静電的に付着させることで、画
像を可視像化する現像装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention forms an electrostatic latent image on a uniformly charged photoreceptor such as an electrophotographic copying machine or a laser printer by optical scanning or the like, and develops the electrostatic latent image by charging. Electrophotographic device that develops with a developing agent and transfers the resulting image to a recording medium such as paper to record it, and in particular, electrostatically attaches a powdered developer charged to an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoconductor The present invention relates to a developing device that visualizes an image.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、印刷物のカラー化が進み、これに
伴ってカラー電子写真複写機やカラープリンタ等の要求
が増大してきている。電子写真方式によってカラー画像
を得るものとしては、例えば、電子写真装置内に水平に
張設された用紙搬送ベルト上に、それぞれ異なった色の
カラー画像が形成される複数の感光体を用紙の搬送方向
に並列に配置し、これらの感光体上に形成された各カラ
ー画像を、用紙搬送ベルトで搬送されている用紙に順次
転写して用紙上にフルカラー画像を形成するものが知ら
れている。しかし、このような装置においては、各感光
体別に、帯電装置、露光装置、現像装置等からなる印刷
ステーションを設けなければならないため、装置が大型
になってしまうという問題があった。そこで、このよう
な問題を解決するため、現像装置の小型化、偏平化が進
められている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the colorization of printed matter has progressed, and the demand for color electrophotographic copying machines and color printers has increased accordingly. For obtaining a color image by an electrophotographic method, for example, a plurality of photoconductors on which a color image of a different color is formed are conveyed on a paper conveyance belt horizontally stretched in an electrophotographic apparatus. It is known that the color images formed on these photoconductors are arranged in parallel in the same direction, and each color image formed on these photoconductors is sequentially transferred to a sheet conveyed by a sheet conveyance belt to form a full-color image on the sheet. However, in such an apparatus, a printing station including a charging device, an exposure device, a developing device, and the like must be provided for each photoconductor, which causes a problem that the device becomes large. Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, downsizing and flattening of the developing device are being promoted.
【０００３】この種の現像装置としては、例えば、特開
平３─２８７１８４号公報に開示されたものが知られて
いる。この現像装置１は、図６に例示したように、鉛直
方向に縦長形状に形成されたハウジング２の下部一側面
に形成された開口部に、感光体３と対向配置される現像
ローラ４を回転自在に取り付け、装置の小型化と偏平化
を図ったものである。前記現像ローラ４の周面には、前
記ハウジング２の開口部上縁にスプリング５を介して取
り付けられた現像剤層厚規制部材６、前記ハウジング２
の開口部下縁に取り付けられたリカバリ部材７、及び前
記ハウジング２下方に回転自在に取り付けられた供給ロ
ーラ８が、それぞれ所定のニップ量で当接している。ま
た、前記ハウジング２内には、前記供給ローラ８に供給
される現像剤を貯溜する現像剤貯溜槽９が、鉛直方向上
方から前記供給ローラ８の周面に向かって連なるように
設けられている。この現像剤貯溜槽９に貯溜される現像
剤としては、スチレン系、アクリル系、ポリエステル系
及びエポキシ系等の樹脂を母体としたものが一般に知ら
れている。なお、この装置では、前記現像剤貯溜槽９に
貯溜する現像剤の量を増大させるために、前記ハウジン
グ２の内側壁を前記現像剤層厚規制部材６及び供給ロー
ラ８の上方において、外側に向けて所定の角度αで拡開
させている。この角度αは、現像剤貯溜槽９に貯溜され
ている現像剤が、ハウジング２の内側壁に固着せずに自
重によって自然落下する角度（７０度以上）に構成され
ている。また、前記ハウジング２の下部内壁は、前記現
像ローラ４及び供給ローラ８の周面と微小な間隙を保ち
ながら、ローラ周面に沿うような形状に形成されてい
る。As this type of developing device, for example, one disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-287184 is known. As shown in FIG. 6, the developing device 1 rotates a developing roller 4 arranged to face the photoconductor 3 in an opening formed on one lower side surface of a housing 2 vertically elongated. This is a device that can be freely attached to reduce the size and flatten the device. On the peripheral surface of the developing roller 4, a developer layer thickness regulating member 6 attached to the upper edge of the opening of the housing 2 via a spring 5, the housing 2
The recovery member 7 attached to the lower edge of the opening and the supply roller 8 rotatably attached below the housing 2 are in contact with each other with a predetermined nip amount. In the housing 2, a developer storage tank 9 for storing the developer supplied to the supply roller 8 is provided so as to be continuous from above in the vertical direction toward the peripheral surface of the supply roller 8. .. The developer stored in the developer storage tank 9 is generally known to have a styrene-based, acrylic-based, polyester-based, or epoxy-based resin as a base material. In this device, in order to increase the amount of the developer stored in the developer storage tank 9, the inner side wall of the housing 2 is located outside the developer layer thickness regulating member 6 and the supply roller 8 to the outside. It is expanded at a predetermined angle α toward. The angle α is set to an angle (70 degrees or more) in which the developer stored in the developer storage tank 9 does not stick to the inner wall of the housing 2 but naturally falls by its own weight. The inner wall of the lower portion of the housing 2 is formed in a shape that follows the peripheral surface of the roller while maintaining a small gap with the peripheral surfaces of the developing roller 4 and the supply roller 8.
【０００４】以上のように構成された現像装置１におい
て、現像剤貯溜槽９に貯溜されている現像剤は、その自
重によって供給ローラ８の周面に落下し、供給ローラ８
の周面に捕捉され、供給ローラ８の回動に伴って現像ロ
ーラ４とのニップ部まで搬送され、現像ローラ４の周面
に移動する。そして、現像ローラ４の周面に移動した現
像剤は、現像ローラ４の回動に伴って、先ず、現像剤層
厚規制部材６とのニップ部まで搬送される。このニップ
部では、現像ローラ４の周面に載っている現像剤の層が
現像ローラ４の軸方向に対して均一な厚さとなるよう
に、現像ローラ４の周面から現像剤層厚規制部材６によ
って余分な現像剤が掻き落とされる。現像に適する所定
の層厚に設定された現像剤は、現像ローラ４の回動に伴
って、さらに、感光体３と当接する現像部に搬送され、
この現像部で感光体３に形成された静電潜像に静電的に
付着し、画像を可視像化する。このとき、感光体３の静
電潜像以外の部分に静電的に付着することなく、現像ロ
ーラ４の周面に残ったままハウジング２内に戻った現像
剤は、供給ローラ８によって現像ローラ４の周面から上
述したハウジング２の下部内側壁上に掻き落とされ、供
給ローラ８の回動に伴って再び現像剤貯溜槽９まで搬送
される。In the developing device 1 configured as described above, the developer stored in the developer storage tank 9 falls on the peripheral surface of the supply roller 8 due to its own weight, and the supply roller 8
Is conveyed to the nip portion with the developing roller 4 as the supply roller 8 rotates, and moves to the peripheral surface of the developing roller 4. Then, the developer that has moved to the peripheral surface of the developing roller 4 is first conveyed to the nip portion with the developer layer thickness regulating member 6 as the developing roller 4 rotates. In this nip portion, the developer layer thickness regulating member is provided from the peripheral surface of the developing roller 4 so that the layer of the developer placed on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 4 has a uniform thickness in the axial direction of the developing roller 4. Excessive developer is scraped off by 6. The developer having a predetermined layer thickness suitable for development is further conveyed to the developing section that is in contact with the photoconductor 3 as the developing roller 4 rotates,
The developing unit electrostatically adheres to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor 3 to make the image visible. At this time, the developer that has returned to the inside of the housing 2 while remaining on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 4 without being electrostatically adhered to a portion other than the electrostatic latent image of the photoconductor 3 by the supply roller 8. It is scraped from the peripheral surface of 4 onto the lower inner wall of the housing 2 described above, and is conveyed again to the developer storage tank 9 as the supply roller 8 rotates.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上述し
た現像装置１においては、鉛直方向上方から供給ローラ
８の周面に向かって連なる現像剤貯溜槽９を鉛直方向縦
長に形成したため、この現像剤貯溜槽９の下方に貯溜さ
れている現像剤には、上方に貯溜されている現像剤の自
重が累積して荷重されることになる。このような荷重は
現像剤の粉体同士の空間（隙間）を狭め、現像剤貯溜槽
９に貯溜されている現像剤は、流動性が低下し、凝集し
易くなる。これにより現像剤貯溜槽９では、現像剤が部
分的に滞留したり、空洞が生じたりする。このような状
態で現像を行うと、現像剤貯溜槽９に貯溜されている現
像剤は、供給ローラ８まで適切に落下しないため、可視
像化した画像に濃度むら等が生じてしまう。However, in the above-described developing device 1, since the developer storage tank 9 which is continuous from the upper side in the vertical direction toward the peripheral surface of the supply roller 8 is formed in the vertically long direction, the developer storage tank 9 is formed. The developer accumulated in the lower portion of the tank 9 is loaded with the own weight of the developer accumulated in the upper portion. Such a load narrows the space (gap) between the powders of the developer, and the developer stored in the developer storage tank 9 has reduced fluidity and easily aggregates. As a result, in the developer storage tank 9, the developer partially stays or cavities occur. When the development is performed in such a state, the developer stored in the developer storage tank 9 does not properly fall to the supply roller 8, so that the visualized image has uneven density.
【０００６】すなわち、上述した従来の現像装置１にお
いては、装置の小型化、偏平化を図るため、鉛直方向に
縦長な現像剤貯溜槽９を、鉛直方向上方から供給ローラ
８の周面に向かって連なるように配置し、この現像剤貯
溜槽９に貯溜されている現像剤が自重によって現像剤供
給部材である供給ローラ８に落下するようにしたので、
供給ローラ８に現像剤が適切な状態で落下せず、良好な
可視画像を得ることができないという問題があった。そ
こで、本発明は、現像剤供給部材に現像剤が適切に落下
し、良好な可視画像を得ることができる現像装置を提供
する。That is, in the above-described conventional developing device 1, in order to downsize and flatten the device, a vertically long developer storage tank 9 is provided from above in the vertical direction toward the peripheral surface of the supply roller 8. Since the developer stored in the developer storage tank 9 is dropped by its own weight to the supply roller 8 which is a developer supply member,
There is a problem that the developer does not fall onto the supply roller 8 in an appropriate state, and a good visible image cannot be obtained. Therefore, the present invention provides a developing device capable of appropriately dropping a developer onto a developer supply member and obtaining a good visible image.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、感光体に対向
配置される現像ローラを、鉛直方向に縦長形状としたハ
ウジングの下部に形成された開口部に回転自在に取り付
け、この現像ローラの周面に現像剤を供給する回転自在
な現像剤供給部材を前記ハウジング内下方に設け、この
現像剤供給部材の鉛直方向上方に位置するとともに、こ
の現像剤供給部材に供給される現像剤を貯溜する現像剤
貯溜槽をハウジング内上方に形成し、現像ローラの周面
に均一な現像剤の薄層を形成する現像剤層厚規制部材を
現像ローラと対向配置した現像装置において、現像剤貯
溜槽内下方でかつ現像剤供給部材の鉛直方向上方位置に
回転自在な現像剤攪拌部材を設けたことを特徴とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a developing roller arranged to face a photoconductor is rotatably attached to an opening formed in a lower portion of a vertically elongated housing. A rotatable developer supply member for supplying the developer to the peripheral surface is provided in the lower part of the housing, is located above the developer supply member in the vertical direction, and stores the developer supplied to the developer supply member. In a developing device in which a developer storage tank is formed in the upper part of the housing and a developer layer thickness regulating member that forms a uniform thin layer of the developer on the peripheral surface of the developing roller is arranged opposite to the developing roller. It is characterized in that a rotatable developer agitating member is provided at the inner lower side and at a vertically upper position of the developer supplying member.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】本発明では、鉛直方向に縦長形状としたハウジ
ング内下方に設けた回転自在な現像剤供給部材の鉛直方
向上方位置に、回転自在な現像剤攪拌部材を設けたの
で、現像剤攪拌部材と現像剤供給部材との間に貯溜する
現像剤に加わる荷重が低減されて、その流動性が良好に
保たれる。In the present invention, since the rotatable developer agitating member is provided vertically above the rotatable developer supplying member provided in the lower portion of the vertically elongated housing, the developer agitating member is provided. The load applied to the developer stored between the developer supply member and the developer supply member is reduced, and the fluidity thereof is kept good.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】以下、図１ないし図５を参照し、本発明の実
施例を説明する。図１は、本発明に係わる現像装置の一
実施例の概略内部構成を示す縦断側面図である。この現
像装置１０は、上述した現像装置１と同じように、その
形状が鉛直方向に縦長であるハウジング１１の下部一側
面に形成された開口部に現像ローラ１２が回転自在に配
置されている。この現像ローラ１２は、主にウレタンゴ
ム、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンゴム（ＥＰＤＭ）、
ニトリルゴム（ＮＢＲ）、シリコンゴム、クロロプレン
ゴム（ＣＲ）もしくは、これら発泡弾性体等で構成され
た好ましくは１０9 Ωｃｍ以下の導電性ゴムからなり、
その表面に導電体層としてポリウレタン、ポリエステ
ル、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン及びアクリル等の樹脂中
に導電性物質を混入し、低抵抗にしたもの等が用いられ
る。本実施例では、ウレタンゴムのローラにポリウレタ
ンエラストマー中に導電性カーボンを付与した塗料をス
プレー塗布もしくはディッピング法等でコーティングし
たものを使用する。また、この現像ローラ１２の周面の
一部は、長手方向全長に渡って前記開口部から外部に露
出し、図示しない電子写真装置内に回転自在に配置され
たドラム状の感光体１３に対向配置される。また、この
現像ローラ１２の周面には、前記ハウジング１１の開口
部上縁にスプリング１４を介して取り付けられたシリコ
ンゴムやウレタンゴム等からなる現像剤層厚規制部材１
５、前記ハウジング１１の開口部下縁に取り付けられた
リカバリ部材１６が、それぞれ所定のニップ量を以て当
接している。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional side view showing a schematic internal structure of an embodiment of a developing device according to the present invention. In the developing device 10, as in the developing device 1 described above, the developing roller 12 is rotatably disposed in an opening formed in one lower side surface of the housing 11 whose shape is vertically long. The developing roller 12 is mainly composed of urethane rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM),
Nitrile rubber (NBR), silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber (CR), or a conductive rubber of 10 9 Ωcm or less, which is made of these foamed elastic bodies,
As a conductor layer on the surface, a resin having a low resistance obtained by mixing a conductive substance in a resin such as polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene, nylon, and acrylic is used. In this embodiment, a urethane rubber roller coated with a coating material in which conductive carbon is applied in polyurethane elastomer by spray coating or dipping method is used. Further, a part of the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12 is exposed to the outside from the opening over the entire length in the longitudinal direction, and faces the drum-shaped photosensitive member 13 rotatably arranged in an electrophotographic apparatus (not shown). Will be placed. Further, on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12, a developer layer thickness regulating member 1 made of silicon rubber, urethane rubber or the like is attached to the upper edge of the opening of the housing 11 via a spring 14.
5. The recovery members 16 attached to the lower edge of the opening of the housing 11 are in contact with each other with a predetermined nip amount.
【００１０】前記ハウジング１１内には、前記現像ロー
ラ１２の周面に現像剤を供給する回転自在な現像剤供給
部材である供給ローラ１７、この供給ローラ１７の周面
に供給される現像剤を貯溜する現像剤貯溜槽１８、この
現像剤貯溜槽１８に貯溜されている現像剤を攪拌する回
転自在な現像剤攪拌部材である攪拌ローラ１９が配置さ
れている。前記供給ローラ１７は、前記ハウジング１１
内下方に、その回転軸が前記現像ローラ１２の回転軸と
平行となるように設けられている。また、この供給ロー
ラ１７は、例えば発泡ウレタン等の導電性スポンジ部材
からなる回転自在なローラ部材で、前記現像ローラ１２
の周面に所定のニップ量を以て当接している。In the housing 11, a supply roller 17, which is a rotatable developer supply member for supplying the developer to the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12, and a developer supplied to the peripheral surface of the supply roller 17. A developer storage tank 18 for storing and a stirring roller 19 which is a rotatable developer stirring member for stirring the developer stored in the developer storage tank 18 are arranged. The supply roller 17 includes the housing 11
It is provided at the inner lower side so that its rotation axis is parallel to the rotation axis of the developing roller 12. The supply roller 17 is a rotatable roller member made of a conductive sponge member such as urethane foam.
Is in contact with the peripheral surface of the device with a predetermined nip amount.
【００１１】前記現像剤貯溜槽１８は、前記ハウジング
１１の上面に設けられた開口部から前記供給ローラ１７
の周面に向かって鉛直に連なる縦長形状をしており、供
給ローラ１７の鉛直方向上方に位置している。この現像
剤貯溜槽１８の側壁であるハウジング１１の内側壁は、
前記現像剤層厚規制部材１５や供給ローラ１７の上方に
おいて、所定の角度αで外側に向けて拡開しており、現
像剤を貯溜する容積を増大させている。さらに、この現
像剤貯溜槽１８の底面をなすハウジング１１の下部内壁
は、前記現像ローラ１２及び供給ローラ１７の周面と微
小な間隙を保ちながら、ローラ周面に沿うような形状に
形成されている。なお、ハウジング１１の上面に設けら
れた開口部は、現像剤貯溜槽１８に現像剤を補給すると
きの補給口となり、開閉自在な蓋体２０が配置されてい
る。The developer storage tank 18 is supplied from the opening provided on the upper surface of the housing 11 to the supply roller 17.
Has a vertically elongated shape extending vertically toward the peripheral surface of the supply roller 17 and is positioned above the supply roller 17 in the vertical direction. The inner side wall of the housing 11, which is the side wall of the developer storage tank 18,
Above the developer layer thickness regulating member 15 and the supply roller 17, it expands outward at a predetermined angle α to increase the volume for storing the developer. Further, the lower inner wall of the housing 11 forming the bottom surface of the developer storage tank 18 is formed in a shape along the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12 and the supply roller 17 while maintaining a minute gap therebetween. There is. The opening provided on the upper surface of the housing 11 serves as a replenishment port when replenishing the developer storage tank 18 with the developer, and a lid 20 that can be opened and closed is arranged.
【００１２】前記攪拌ローラ１９は、前記現像剤貯溜槽
１８内下方でかつ前記現像ローラ１２と現像剤層厚規制
部材１５との接点及び供給ローラ１７の周面より鉛直方
向上方に位置し、その回転軸が前記現像ローラ１２及び
供給ローラ１７の回転軸と平行になっている。また、こ
の攪拌ローラ１９と前記現像剤貯溜槽１８の側壁との間
隔は、例え攪拌ローラ１９が回転していないときにおい
ても、攪拌ローラ１９より上方に貯溜されている現像剤
の一部が、その自重で攪拌ローラ１９より下方に落下す
る程度の大きさになっている。さらに、前記供給ローラ
１７の直径ｄ1、現像剤貯溜槽１８下部の幅ｄ2 、及び
攪拌ローラ１９の最大直径ｄ3 は、ｄ1＜ｄ2 ＜ｄ3 と
なっているので、攪拌ローラ１９より上方に貯溜されて
いる現像剤からの荷重の大部分を攪拌ローラ１９が受
け、供給ローラ１７と攪拌ローラ１９との間に貯溜され
ている現像剤や供給ローラ１７に余分な荷重が掛かるこ
とはない。The agitating roller 19 is located below the developer storage tank 18 and vertically above the contact point between the developing roller 12 and the developer layer thickness regulating member 15 and the peripheral surface of the supply roller 17. The rotation axis is parallel to the rotation axes of the developing roller 12 and the supply roller 17. Further, the distance between the stirring roller 19 and the side wall of the developer storage tank 18 is such that, even when the stirring roller 19 is not rotating, a part of the developer stored above the stirring roller 19 is The weight is such that it falls below the stirring roller 19 under its own weight. Further, since the diameter d 1 of the supply roller 17, the width d 2 of the lower portion of the developer storage tank 18, and the maximum diameter d 3 of the stirring roller 19 are d 1 <d 2 <d 3 , the stirring roller 19 The stirring roller 19 receives most of the load from the developer stored in the upper portion, and an excessive load is applied to the developer stored between the supply roller 17 and the stirring roller 19 and the supply roller 17. There is no.
【００１３】図２は、本発明に係わる現像装置の外観斜
視図で、この図に基づいて現像ローラ１２、供給ローラ
１７、攪拌ローラ１９の駆動伝達手段を説明する。ま
ず、駆動力を伝達する駆動ギア２１は、異なった径の二
つの同軸ギヤ２１ａ、２１ｂから構成され、モータ（図
示せず）の回転軸に直結されている。駆動ギア２１の外
側の大径ギア２１ａには、前記現像ローラ１２の回転軸
に取り付けられている現像ローラギア２２が噛み合わさ
れている。また、駆動ギア２１の内側の小径ギア２１ｂ
は、前記攪拌ローラ１９の回転軸に取り付けられている
攪拌ローラギア２３に駆動力を伝達するための攪拌ロー
ラアイドラギア２４、及び前記供給ローラ１７の回転軸
に取り付けられている供給ローラギア（図示せず）に噛
み合わさっている。そして、以上のように構成された駆
動伝達手段のモータが回動することによって、攪拌ロー
ラ１９は、現像ローラ１２及び供給ローラ１７の回転に
同期して回転する。FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the developing device according to the present invention. The drive transmission means for the developing roller 12, the supply roller 17, and the agitating roller 19 will be described with reference to this drawing. First, the drive gear 21 that transmits the drive force is composed of two coaxial gears 21a and 21b having different diameters, and is directly connected to a rotating shaft of a motor (not shown). A developing roller gear 22 attached to the rotating shaft of the developing roller 12 is meshed with a large-diameter gear 21a outside the drive gear 21. In addition, the small diameter gear 21b inside the drive gear 21
Is a stirring roller idler gear 24 for transmitting a driving force to a stirring roller gear 23 mounted on the rotating shaft of the stirring roller 19, and a supply roller gear (not shown) mounted on the rotating shaft of the supply roller 17. ) Is engaged. The stirring roller 19 rotates in synchronization with the rotations of the developing roller 12 and the supply roller 17 by the rotation of the motor of the drive transmission unit configured as described above.
【００１４】図３は、本発明に係わる現像剤攪拌部材の
一例である攪拌ローラ１９の構成を示す図である。この
攪拌ローラ１９は、その軸方向に四つのスクリュー部１
９ａ、１９ｂ、１９ｃ、１９ｄが設けられている。これ
らのスクリュー部１９ａ、１９ｂ、１９ｃ、１９ｄの巻
き方向は、隣に位置するスクリュー部の巻き方向とは互
いに逆方向となるように構成されている。このようにス
クリュー部１９ａ、１９ｂ、１９ｃ、１９ｄの巻き方向
を定めると、上述したギア群の回動によって攪拌ローラ
１９が矢印方向に回転したときに、攪拌ローラ１９の軸
方向の両端部上方に貯溜されていた現像剤は、中央部に
向けて搬送されながら攪拌ローラ１９より下方に落下
し、攪拌ローラ１９の軸方向中央部上方に貯溜されてい
た現像剤は、両端部に向けて搬送されながら攪拌ローラ
１９より下方に落下する。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of a stirring roller 19 which is an example of the developer stirring member according to the present invention. This agitating roller 19 has four screw parts 1 in its axial direction.
9a, 19b, 19c and 19d are provided. The screw parts 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d are arranged such that the winding directions thereof are opposite to the winding directions of the screw parts located next to each other. When the winding directions of the screw portions 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d are determined in this way, when the stirring roller 19 is rotated in the arrow direction by the rotation of the gear group described above, it is located above both axial end portions of the stirring roller 19. The developer stored therein drops downward from the stirring roller 19 while being conveyed toward the central portion, and the developer stored above the central portion in the axial direction of the stirring roller 19 is conveyed toward both ends. While falling, it falls below the stirring roller 19.
【００１５】そして、以上のように構成された現像装置
１０において、前記現像貯溜槽１８に例えば一成分非磁
性の現像剤を収容し、この現像剤を装置内で帯電させて
感光体１３に形成された静電潜像に静電的に付着させる
ことで、画像を可視像化する。すなわち、現像剤貯溜槽
１８に貯溜されている現像剤は、現像ローラ１２及び供
給ローラ１７の回転に同期して回転する攪拌ローラ１９
によって、攪拌されながら供給ローラ１７に向かって落
下する。供給ローラ１７の周面に捕捉された現像剤は、
供給ローラ１７の回動に伴って現像ローラ１２とのニッ
プ部まで搬送され、このニップ部におけるローラ同士の
摩擦及びそれぞれのローラと現像剤との摩擦によって予
備帯電し、現像ローラ１２の周面に付着する。In the developing device 10 constructed as described above, a one-component non-magnetic developer, for example, is stored in the developing storage tank 18, and the developer is charged in the device to form on the photoreceptor 13. The image is visualized by electrostatically adhering to the formed electrostatic latent image. That is, the developer stored in the developer storage tank 18 is stirred by the stirring roller 19 that rotates in synchronization with the rotation of the developing roller 12 and the supply roller 17.
Is dropped toward the supply roller 17 while being stirred. The developer captured on the peripheral surface of the supply roller 17 is
As the supply roller 17 rotates, it is conveyed to a nip portion with the developing roller 12, and is precharged by friction between the rollers in the nip portion and friction between each roller and the developer, and the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12 is charged. Adhere to.
【００１６】現像ローラ１２の周面に移動した現像剤
は、さらに、現像ローラ１２の回動に伴って現像剤層厚
規制部材１５とのニップ部まで搬送される。この現像ロ
ーラ１２と現像剤層厚規制部材１５とのニップ部では、
現像ローラ１２の周面に載った現像剤の層が現像ローラ
１２の軸方向に対して均一な厚さとなるように、現像剤
層厚規制部材１５によって規制され、現像ローラ１２の
周面から余分な現像剤が掻き落とされる。なお、この現
像剤層厚規制部材１５は、このように現像剤の層厚を規
制するともに、現像ローラ１２との摩擦帯電によって現
像剤に電荷を与え、現像剤が現像ローラ１２へ付着する
のを助けている。The developer that has moved to the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12 is further conveyed to the nip portion with the developer layer thickness regulating member 15 as the developing roller 12 rotates. At the nip portion between the developing roller 12 and the developer layer thickness regulating member 15,
The developer layer thickness regulating member 15 regulates the developer layer on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12 so that the developer layer has a uniform thickness in the axial direction of the developing roller 12. The developer is scraped off. The developer layer thickness regulating member 15 regulates the layer thickness of the developer in this way, and at the same time, imparts an electric charge to the developer by frictional charging with the developing roller 12, so that the developer adheres to the developing roller 12. Is helping.
【００１７】そして、現像に適する所定の層厚に設定さ
れた現像剤は、現像ローラ１２の回動に伴って感光体１
３と当接する現像部に搬送され、この現像部で感光体１
３に形成された静電潜像に静電的に付着し、画像を可視
像化する。なお、このとき、感光体１３の静電潜像以外
の部分に静電的に付着することなく、現像ローラ１２の
周面に残ったままハウジング１１内に再び戻った現像剤
は、供給ローラ１７によって上述した現像貯溜槽１８の
底面に掻き落とされる。The developing agent having a predetermined layer thickness suitable for development is rotated by the developing roller 12 and the photosensitive member 1 is rotated.
3 is conveyed to the developing unit which is in contact with the photosensitive member 1, and the photosensitive member 1 is conveyed in this developing unit.
It electrostatically adheres to the electrostatic latent image formed in 3 to make the image visible. At this time, the developer, which remains on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12 and returns to the inside of the housing 11 again without being electrostatically attached to a portion other than the electrostatic latent image of the photoconductor 13, is supplied to the supply roller 17 Is scraped off on the bottom surface of the development storage tank 18 described above.
【００１８】ここで、この現像装置１０では、上述した
ように、現像剤貯溜槽１８内下方でかつ供給ローラ１７
の鉛直方向上方位置に、回転自在な攪拌ローラ１９を設
けたため、供給ローラ１７と攪拌ローラ１９との間に貯
溜される現像剤の流動性が良好に保たれ、この現像剤が
供給ローラ１７の周面に良好に落下するので、濃度むら
等のない画像を得ることができる。Here, in the developing device 10, as described above, it is below the developer storage tank 18 and at the supply roller 17.
Since the rotatable stirring roller 19 is provided at the upper position in the vertical direction of, the fluidity of the developer stored between the supply roller 17 and the stirring roller 19 is kept good, and this developer is supplied to the supply roller 17. Since it falls well on the peripheral surface, it is possible to obtain an image without uneven density.
【００１９】すなわち、攪拌ローラ１９を供給ローラ１
７の鉛直方向上方に設けると、攪拌ローラ１９より上方
に貯溜されている現像剤の自重の殆どを攪拌ローラ１９
が受けて、攪拌ローラ１９より下方に貯溜されている現
像剤に余分な荷重が掛からなくなるので、例え現像剤貯
溜槽１８に多量の現像剤を収容し現像装置１０が長時間
に渡って待機状態のまま放置されたりしても、供給ロー
ラ１７と攪拌ローラ１９との間に貯溜されている現像剤
は凝集することなく、供給ローラ１７まで良好に落下す
る。また、攪拌ローラ１９は回転することによって、現
像剤貯溜漕１８に貯溜されている現像剤を攪拌し、現像
剤の粉体と空気とを良好に混ぜ合わせるので、現像剤の
流動性がより良好に保たれる。That is, the stirring roller 19 is replaced by the supply roller 1.
7 is provided above the agitating roller 19, most of the own weight of the developer stored above the agitating roller 19 is agitated by the agitating roller 19.
As a result, the developer stored below the stirring roller 19 is not overloaded, so that a large amount of developer is stored in the developer storage tank 18 and the developing device 10 is in a standby state for a long time. Even if it is left as it is, the developer stored between the supply roller 17 and the stirring roller 19 does not aggregate and drops well to the supply roller 17. Further, by rotating the stirring roller 19, the developer stored in the developer storage tank 18 is stirred, and the powder of the developer and the air are mixed well, so that the fluidity of the developer is better. Kept in.
【００２０】さらに、本実施例のように、鉛直方向上方
から供給ローラ１７の周面に連なる現像剤貯溜槽１８内
に、現像ローラ１２と現像剤層厚規制部材１５との接点
及び供給ローラ１７より上方に攪拌ローラ１９が位置す
るように取り付けると、現像剤同士のぶつかり合いや、
供給ローラ１７と現像ローラ１２との接触等による現像
剤の摩擦帯電が良好に行われ、現像剤の帯電量不足によ
る現像不良や現像ローラ１２からの現像剤こぼれ等が起
こり難くなる。Further, as in the present embodiment, the contact point between the developing roller 12 and the developer layer thickness regulating member 15 and the supply roller 17 are provided in the developer storage tank 18 which is continuous from above in the vertical direction with the peripheral surface of the supply roller 17. If the agitating roller 19 is installed so as to be positioned higher, the developer may collide with each other,
Friction charging of the developer due to contact between the supply roller 17 and the developing roller 12 is favorably performed, and development failure due to insufficient charge amount of the developer and developer spillage from the developing roller 12 are less likely to occur.
【００２１】すなわち、攪拌ローラ１９を供給ローラ１
７の周面よりも上方に位置するように取り付けると、上
述したように現像剤貯溜槽１８の下方に位置する現像剤
や供給ローラ１７に加わる荷重が低減されるため、現像
剤同士のぶつかり合いや、供給ローラ１７と現像ローラ
１２との接触等による現像剤の摩擦帯電が良好に行われ
る。また、攪拌ローラ１９を現像ローラ１２と現像剤層
厚規制部材１５との接点より上方に位置するように取り
付けると、現像剤層厚規制部材１５によって現像ローラ
１２の周面から掻き落とされた現像剤は、攪拌ローラ１
９の攪拌による影響を受けることなく、供給ローラ１７
に向かって良好に対流するため、現像剤同士のぶつかり
合いによる摩擦帯電が良好に行われる。That is, the stirring roller 19 is replaced with the supply roller 1.
If it is attached so as to be located above the peripheral surface of 7, the load applied to the developer located below the developer storage tank 18 and the supply roller 17 is reduced as described above, so that the developers collide with each other. Also, the triboelectrification of the developer is favorably performed by the contact between the supply roller 17 and the developing roller 12 or the like. Further, when the agitating roller 19 is attached so as to be positioned above the contact point between the developing roller 12 and the developer layer thickness regulating member 15, the development scraped from the peripheral surface of the developing roller 12 by the developer layer thickness regulating member 15 is performed. Agent is stirring roller 1
The supply roller 17 is not affected by the stirring of 9
Since the convection is satisfactorily carried out toward, the frictional charging due to the collision of the developers is favorably performed.
【００２２】そして、本実施例の攪拌ローラ１９のよう
に、巻き方向が互いに逆に定められたスクリュー部１９
ａ、１９ｂ、１９ｃ、１９ｄを軸方向に交互に設ける
と、攪拌ローラ１９が回転することによって、攪拌ロー
ラ１９の上方に貯溜されている現像剤が、軸方向に分散
されながら攪拌ローラ１９の下方に落下するため、攪拌
ローラ１９の下方に位置する供給ローラ１７の周面上に
分布する現像剤の量が、その軸方向において均等とな
り、可視像化した画像に濃度むらが発生し難くなる。As in the stirring roller 19 of this embodiment, the screw portions 19 whose winding directions are opposite to each other are set.
When a, 19b, 19c, and 19d are alternately provided in the axial direction, the stirring roller 19 rotates, so that the developer stored above the stirring roller 19 is dispersed below the stirring roller 19 in the axial direction. Since it falls to the upper side, the amount of the developer distributed on the peripheral surface of the supply roller 17 located below the agitating roller 19 becomes uniform in the axial direction, and uneven density is less likely to occur in the visualized image. ..
【００２３】また、本実施例のように、攪拌ローラ１９
と前記現像剤貯溜槽１８の側壁との間隔を、例え攪拌ロ
ーラ１９が回転していないときにおいても、攪拌ローラ
１９より上方に貯溜されている現像剤の一部が、その自
重で攪拌ローラ１９より下方に落下する程度の大きさに
設定すると、万が一、現像剤貯溜槽１８に貯溜されてい
た現像剤を全て使い切ってしまって、新たに現像剤貯溜
槽１８に現像剤を補給した場合においても、装置が再び
作動して攪拌ローラ１９が回転し始める前に、この間隙
から現像剤が自重によって、供給ローラ１７に落下する
ため、再び現像可能な状態になるまでの待ち時間がなく
なる。Further, as in this embodiment, the stirring roller 19 is used.
Even when the stirring roller 19 is not rotating, a part of the developer stored above the stirring roller 19 is agitated by the self-weight of the stirring roller 19 even when the stirring roller 19 is not rotating. If the size is set such that the developer drops to a lower position, even if the developer stored in the developer storage tank 18 is completely used up and the developer is newly supplied to the developer storage tank 18, Before the apparatus is activated again and the stirring roller 19 starts to rotate, the developer falls from the gap to the supply roller 17 due to its own weight, so that there is no waiting time until the developing state becomes possible again.
【００２４】図４及び図５は、本発明に係わる現像装置
の他の実施例を示す図である。ここで、前記実施例と同
一の部分には同一の符号を付し、説明は省略する。本実
施例の現像装置２５は、図４に示すように、四つのコイ
ル２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃ、２６ｄを隣合うコイル同士
の巻き方向が互いに逆となるよう配置し、これらのコイ
ル２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃ、２６ｄ内にシャフト２７を
通し、このシャフト２７に前記コイル２６ａ、２６ｂ、
２６ｃ、２６ｄを板金２８とネジ２９とで偏心させて取
り付けた攪拌ローラ３０を、現像剤攪拌部材として現像
剤貯溜槽１８内に設けたものである。この攪拌ローラ３
０の回転軸であるシャフト２７の一端には、上述したよ
うな攪拌ローラギア２２が取り付けられており、現像ロ
ーラ１２及び供給ローラ１７の回転に同期して回転す
る。また、この攪拌ローラ３０は、図５に示したよう
に、現像剤貯溜槽１８内において偏心した状態で回転し
たときに、コイル２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃ、２６ｄの最
大遠心部が、ハウジング１１の内壁に接しないように設
けられている。さらに、この攪拌ローラ３０が回転した
ときの回転軌跡の直径ｄ4 は、上述した攪拌ローラ１９
の最大直径ｄ3 と同様に、前記供給ローラ１７の直径ｄ
1 及び現像剤貯溜槽１８下部の幅ｄ2 とｄ1 ＜ｄ2 ＜ｄ
4 の関係を有している。これによって、攪拌ローラ３０
より上方に貯溜されている現像剤からの荷重の大部分
は、攪拌ローラ３０が受け、供給ローラ１７と攪拌ロー
ラ３０との間に貯溜されている現像剤や供給ローラ１７
に余分な荷重が掛かることはない。4 and 5 are views showing another embodiment of the developing device according to the present invention. Here, the same parts as those in the above embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 4, in the developing device 25 of this embodiment, four coils 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d are arranged such that the winding directions of adjacent coils are opposite to each other, and these coils 26a, 26b, A shaft 27 is passed through 26c, 26d, and the coils 26a, 26b,
An agitating roller 30 in which 26c and 26d are eccentrically attached by a sheet metal 28 and a screw 29 is provided in the developer storage tank 18 as a developer agitating member. This stirring roller 3
The agitating roller gear 22 as described above is attached to one end of the shaft 27, which is a rotating shaft of 0, and rotates in synchronization with the rotation of the developing roller 12 and the supply roller 17. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, when the stirring roller 30 is rotated in the developer storage tank 18 in an eccentric state, the maximum centrifugal portion of the coils 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d becomes the inner wall of the housing 11. It is provided so as not to come into contact with. Further, the diameter d 4 of the rotation locus when the stirring roller 30 rotates is determined by the above-mentioned stirring roller 19
As well as the maximum diameter d 3 of the supply roller 17
1 and the width d 2 of the lower part of the developer storage tank 18 and d 1 <d 2 <d
It has 4 relationships. Thereby, the stirring roller 30
Most of the load from the developer stored in the upper portion is received by the stirring roller 30, and the developer or the supply roller 17 stored between the supply roller 17 and the stirring roller 30.
No extra load is applied to.
【００２５】以上のような構成によって、この攪拌ロー
ラ３０を現像剤攪拌部材として現像剤貯溜槽１８内に設
けた現像装置２５は、上述した現像装置１０と同様の効
果が得られる。なお、この現像装置２５のように、コイ
ル２６ａ、２６ｂ、２６ｃ、２６ｄをシャフト２７に偏
心させて取り付けた攪拌ローラ３０を現像剤攪拌部材と
して使うと、上述したスクリュー部１９ａ、１９ｂ、１
９ｃ、１９ｄからなる攪拌ローラ１９を現像剤攪拌部材
として使った現像装置１０よりも、軸方向に対して現像
剤を搬送する力は小さくなってしまうが、現像剤を攪拌
する力は大きくなるので、現像剤の流動性がより良好に
保たれる。With the above-described structure, the developing device 25 provided with the stirring roller 30 as a developer stirring member in the developer storage tank 18 has the same effect as the above-described developing device 10. When the stirring roller 30 in which the coils 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d are eccentrically attached to the shaft 27 is used as the developer stirring member like the developing device 25, the above-mentioned screw portions 19a, 19b, 1
Although the force for conveying the developer in the axial direction is smaller than that in the developing device 10 using the stirring roller 19 composed of 9c and 19d as the developer stirring member, the force for stirring the developer is large. , The fluidity of the developer is kept better.
【００２６】なお、上述した各実施例では、現像剤供給
部材である供給ローラ１７の周面に向かって鉛直方向上
方から連なる現像剤貯溜槽１８内に、回転自在に設ける
現像剤攪拌部材として、スクリューやコイル等の螺旋部
材を複数個、その巻き方向が異なるように軸方向に交互
に配置したものを例示したが、本発明は、これらの部材
に限定されるものではなく、例えば、回転軸の長手方向
に一直線状に連なる羽根状部材を配置したもの等を使っ
てもよい。また、本実施例では、現像剤として一成分非
磁性のものを取り上げて説明したが、本発明は、これに
限定するものではない。さらに、本実施例では、現像ロ
ーラ１２に現像剤を供給する現像剤供給部材として現像
ローラ１２に当接する供給ローラ１７を、また、現像剤
層厚規制部材として現像ローラ１２に当接したものを取
り上げて説明したが、本発明は、これに限定するもので
はない。In each of the above-described embodiments, as a developer stirring member rotatably provided in the developer storage tank 18 connected from above in the vertical direction toward the peripheral surface of the supply roller 17 which is a developer supply member, Although a plurality of spiral members such as screws and coils, which are alternately arranged in the axial direction so that the winding directions thereof are different, are illustrated, the present invention is not limited to these members, and for example, a rotating shaft. Alternatively, a blade-shaped member arranged in a straight line in the longitudinal direction may be used. Further, although the one-component non-magnetic developer is taken as the developer in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. Further, in this embodiment, the supply roller 17 that contacts the developing roller 12 as a developer supplying member that supplies the developer to the developing roller 12, and the developer roller thickness contacting member that contacts the developing roller 12 are used. Although described above, the present invention is not limited thereto.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】本発明では、鉛直方向に縦長形状とした
ハウジング内下方に設けた回転自在な現像剤供給部材の
鉛直方向上方位置に、回転自在な現像剤攪拌部材を設
け、現像剤攪拌部材と現像剤供給部材との間に貯溜され
る現像剤に加わる荷重を低減し、その流動性を良好に保
つので、現像剤供給部材に現像剤が良好に落下して濃度
むら等がない良好な可視画像を得ることができる。According to the present invention, the rotatable developer agitating member is provided above the rotatable developer supplying member provided in the lower portion of the vertically elongated housing in the vertical direction. Since the load applied to the developer accumulated between the developer supply member and the developer supply member is reduced and the fluidity thereof is kept good, the developer drops well on the developer supply member and there is no uneven density. A visible image can be obtained.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】本発明の現像装置の一実施例を示す縦断側面図
である。FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional side view showing an embodiment of a developing device of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の現像装置に係わる現像剤攪拌部材の実
施例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a developer stirring member relating to the developing device of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の現像装置に係わる動力伝達手段の実施
例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a power transmission means relating to the developing device of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の現像装置に係わる現像剤攪拌部材の他
の実施例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a view showing another embodiment of the developer stirring member related to the developing device of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の現像装置の他の実施例を示す縦断側面
図である。FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional side view showing another embodiment of the developing device of the invention.
【図６】従来の現像装置を示す縦断側面図である。FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional side view showing a conventional developing device.
１２ 現像ローラ １５ 現像剤層厚規制部材 １７ 現像剤供給部材 １８ 現像剤貯溜槽 １９、３０ 現像剤攪拌部材 12 Developing Roller 15 Developer Layer Thickness Controlling Member 17 Developer Supplying Member 18 Developer Storage Tank 19, 30 Developer Stirring Member
Claims (1)
鉛直方向に縦長形状としたハウジングの下部に形成され
た開口部に回転自在に取り付け、この現像ローラの周面
に現像剤を供給する回転自在な現像剤供給部材を前記ハ
ウジング内下方に設け、この現像剤供給部材の鉛直方向
上方に位置するとともに、この現像剤供給部材に供給さ
れる現像剤を貯溜する現像剤貯溜槽を前記ハウジング内
上方に形成し、前記現像ローラの周面に均一な現像剤の
薄層を形成する現像剤層厚規制部材を前記現像ローラと
対向配置した現像装置において、 前記現像剤貯溜槽内下方でかつ前記現像剤供給部材の鉛
直方向上方位置に回転自在な現像剤攪拌部材を設けたこ
とを特徴とする現像装置1. A developing roller arranged to face the photoconductor,
A rotatably attached developer supply member for supplying the developer to the peripheral surface of the developing roller is provided below the inside of the housing so as to be rotatably attached to an opening formed in a lower portion of a vertically elongated housing. A developer storage tank, which is located above the developer supply member in the vertical direction and stores the developer supplied to the developer supply member, is formed above the inside of the housing, and uniform development is performed on the peripheral surface of the developing roller. In a developing device in which a developer layer thickness regulating member that forms a thin layer of the developer is arranged to face the developing roller, the developer is rotatable below the developer storage tank and above the developer supplying member in the vertical direction. Developing device characterized by having a stirring member
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4131383A JPH05303282A (en) | 1992-04-27 | 1992-04-27 | Developing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4131383A JPH05303282A (en) | 1992-04-27 | 1992-04-27 | Developing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05303282A true JPH05303282A (en) | 1993-11-16 |
Family
ID=15056674
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4131383A Pending JPH05303282A (en) | 1992-04-27 | 1992-04-27 | Developing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05303282A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004258237A (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-16 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device and image forming apparatus |
| JP2008111968A (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device and image forming apparatus |
| JP2008112068A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device, process cartridge, single component developer and image forming apparatus |
-
1992
- 1992-04-27 JP JP4131383A patent/JPH05303282A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004258237A (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-16 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device and image forming apparatus |
| JP2008111968A (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device and image forming apparatus |
| JP2008112068A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device, process cartridge, single component developer and image forming apparatus |
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