JPH05260905A - Feed additive for livestock and feed for livestock using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject granular additive containing a main drug and vehicles, capable of preventing carry over and decreasing pollution, excellent in blend uniformity and elution and useful for chickens, pigs, cows, etc. CONSTITUTION:This granular additive contains (A) 100 pts.wt. vehicle such as defatted rice bran or diatomaceous earth, (B) preferably 5-100 pt.wt. antibiotic as main drug such as morantel citrate, salinomycin sodium or semduramicin sodium, (C) preferably 3-5 pts.wt. binder such as corn starch and (D) additive such as vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil or hardened oil, and has 20-119 mesh grain diameter in >=90wt.% grains thereof. Furthermore, the additive is preferably added to a feed for livestock.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a granular feed additive for livestock and a livestock feed using the same, which prevents carryover occurring in a compound feed process.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, mixed feeds provided as feeds for livestock such as chickens, pigs and cows have been provided with feed additives such as antibiotics and antibacterial agents. This feed additive is prepared by mixing the powder of the main drug (antibiotics, bulk of antibacterial agent) with the specified excipients such as defatted rice bran and defatted soybean flour, and then adding a small amount of dust suppressant (soybean oil, liquid paraffin, etc. ) Is added and mixed uniformly, and put into a kraft bag to be a product. For example, in the case of a feed additive that uses morantel citrate as the main drug, 30% by weight of the main drug (morantel citrate), 68% by weight of the specified excipient (soybean meal) and 2% of a dusting inhibitor (soybean oil) are used. A more evenly mixed product is provided as a feed additive in the mixer.

[0003] Such feed additives are blended in grains such as corn flour and defatted rice bran at a concentration of 1000 to 10000 and provided as feed for livestock by blended feed manufacturers. For example, in the case of the above-mentioned feed additive of morantel citrate, in a mixed feed maker, corn flour or the like is placed in a large powder mixer (a blender with a ribbon-type stirrer having a capacity of 4 tons, hereinafter referred to as a blender). A morantel citrate preparation (feed additive) is put together with cereals and mixed so as to be uniform, and the morantel citrate is adjusted to have a concentration of 30 ppm in the feed. Similarly, in the case of salinomycin sodium, salinomycin sodium is similarly prepared in the feed so as to have a concentration of 15 ppm or 50 ppm. When the mixing operation is completed, the prepared compounded feed is taken out from the blender. Thereafter, washing maize (corn flour) is put into the blender, stirred for several minutes, and then discharged. By repeating this operation 2 to 4 times, the morantel citrate adhering to the inside of the blender is washed. After that, a compounded feed in which a feed additive other than the main drug (for example, morantel citrate, salinomycin sodium, or senduramycin sodium) or a drug-free compounded feed is produced using the same blender. In one blender, such work is repeated several batches a day.

A problem with such a mixed feed manufacturing process is that feed additives attached to the inner wall of the blender or the surface of the stirrer cannot be completely washed off by the washing maize. Therefore, the main ingredient of feed additives such as morantel citrate, salinomycin sodium, or senduramycin sodium may be detected in the compounded feed containing other feed additives produced in the next batch, that is, carry. The problem of over occurs. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and related industries are demanding feed manufacturers to improve the carryover of such antibiotics and antibacterial agents in the process of producing mixed feed as part of pursuing safety of livestock products.

[0005]

However, it is very difficult for the conventional feed additives to prevent the above carryover and satisfy the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This is due to the reason explained below. As described above, the feed additive is prepared by uniformly mixing the main drug, the specified excipient and the dust generation inhibitor, but the main drug is usually a powder, and its shape is needle crystal, columnar crystal. , Plate-like crystals, etc., and on the other hand, there are various shapes of designated excipients. Therefore, even when the main drug, the designated excipient, and the dusting inhibitor are uniformly mixed, when observed under a microscope, they are physically separated (independently) at the particle level. Generally, powder has a boundary of 150 mesh, and particles smaller than 150 mesh have properties such as increased adhesion and deteriorated fluidity. Therefore, in this case, the main drug is in the form of fine particles and exists independently.
Carryover occurs because it remains on the inner wall of the blender. In addition, the main drug is often charged with static electricity,
Therefore, in the manufacturing process of the compounded feed, it easily adheres to the inner wall of the blender or the surface of the stirring blade, and therefore carryover cannot be prevented by washing with the washing maize (corn flour) three times.

On the other hand, it has been proposed that the main drug is granulated with a binder to be granulated, or the drug is dissolved in a solvent to be atomized by a spray drying method. However, feed additives using such active ingredients may be able to solve the carry-over problem due to adhesion to blenders, etc. (Uniformity)
Low concentration in ppm (3% for Morantel citrate)
(0 ppm), it is difficult to guarantee all lots without variation among lots. This mixing uniformity has a close relationship with the efficacy and side effects of the main drug, and is one of the most important factors in evaluating feed additives.

Furthermore, when such a granulated main drug is used, the powder physical properties differ greatly from those of the excipient, so that segregation of the main drug tends to occur. Even if there is no problem after mixing in a compound feed maker, this phenomenon is such that when transferring from a tank truck to a silo or from a silo to a feeder in a pig farm etc., the main drug part and the excipient part are separated into layers. There is a problem in that the livestock is fed with a portion having a high concentration of the main drug or an extremely low portion.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to drastically reduce the contamination of other mixed feeds by preventing carryover of antibiotics and antibacterial agents that occur in the manufacturing process of mixed feeds. The present invention aims to provide a feed additive for livestock that can be obtained.

[0009]

The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing a feed additive containing at least a main drug and an excipient and having a granular shape. That is, in the present invention, the main drug and the excipient are adhered to each other by using, for example, a binder to form a granule so that the compounded feed maker can mix them uniformly when mixed with livestock feed. It is possible, and there is no segregation of the main drug, and after mixing and taking out the mixed feed, there is little adhesion to the inside of the blender and stirring blades, and even if there is adhesion, it can be easily washed by washing with a washing maze. The above problems are solved by providing various feed additives.

The main drug used in the present invention is an antibiotic,
An antibacterial agent or the like, for example, morantel tartrate,
Morantel citrate, pyrantel pamoate, senduramycin sodium, ampicillin, fradiomycin sulfate, neomycin, oleanthomycin, mycillin,
Zinc bacitracin, Avoparcin, Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, Alkyltrimethylammonium calcium oxytetracycline, Doxycycline hydrochloride, Enlamycin, Kitasamycin, Chlortetracycline, Salinomycin sodium, Ephrotomycin, Avilamycin, Thiopeptin, Destomycin A, Nosiheptide, Hygromycin B , Virginiamycin, bicozamycin, flavophosphoripol, polynactin, monensin sodium, lasalocid sodium, colistin sulfate, tylosin phosphate, amprolium etobabate, amprolium etobabate, sulfaquinosaline, sulfadimidine, sulfadimethoxine, olaquindox, decoquinate, Nicarbazine, lasalocidonato Umm, monensin sodium,
Examples thereof include calcium halofuginone polystyrene sulfonate, danofloxacin mesylate, doramectin, carbadox, difurazone, and fluconazole.

Excipients used in the present invention include wheat flour, wheat germ, corn starch, glucose, lactose, brewer's yeast, silicic acid, silicic acid anhydride, light anhydrous silicic acid, silicic acid anhydride and its salts, calcium silicate. , Hydrous silicon dioxide, hydrous amorphous silicon oxide, diatomaceous earth, rice bran oil dregs, corn cob meal, soybean millran, soybean oil dregs, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, chaff powder,
Talc, a specified excipient, or the like can be used. Here, the designated excipient refers to an antibiotic diluent specified in the Antibiotic Drug Veterinary Standards for Animals specified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in September 1991. Examples of such excipients include, for example, defatted rice bran, defatted soybean flour, corn flour, bran, soybean mill run, white fish meal, krill meal and chaff powder. Excipients are selected in consideration of economic efficiency, easiness of granulation and the like, but two or more kinds of excipients may be combined.

[0012] The mixing ratio of the above-mentioned active ingredient and the excipient varies greatly depending on the types of the active ingredient and the excipient, but within the range of 5 to 100 parts by weight of the active ingredient relative to 100 parts by weight of the excipient. It is preferably mixed. Excipient 1 especially when morantel citrate, senduramycin sodium or salinomycin sodium is used as the main drug
In case of Morantel citrate 40 to 5 parts by weight
It is preferably 0 part by weight, and 5 to 20 parts by weight in the case of senduramycin sodium or salinomycin sodium.

The livestock feed additive of the present invention is preferably mixed with a binder in order to make the preparation granular. Examples of such a binder include corn starch, potato starch, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, xanthan gum, guar gum, sodium caseinate, propylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like. Can be mentioned. The mixing ratio of the binder is 100 excipients.
It is preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to parts by weight. More preferably, it is 3 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the excipient.

Other additives can be mixed with the feed additive for livestock of the present invention. Examples of such additives include animal oils such as whale oil, hardened oils such as margarine, and the like.
Vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, camellia oil and soybean oil, mineral oils such as liquid paraffin, stabilizers, antioxidants, antifungal agents, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, enzymes and the like can be mentioned.

The feed additive for livestock of the present invention is produced by first mixing and dispersing a main drug and an excipient, granulating the mixture by a predetermined granulation method, and sizing the granules with a mesh or the like. It Examples of the granulation method include an extrusion granulation method, a tumbling fluidized bed granulation method using a spiral flow granulator, a multiplex granulator, a new marumerizer, a flow jet granulator, and the like, and a grat granulator.・ Fluidized bed granulation method using aeromatic flow coater, wet stirring granulation method using high speed mixer / vertical granulator / sugi continuous granulator, dry granulation method using bulk compactor / roller compactor, melting Examples thereof include a granulation method and a vacuum drying granulation method. The feed additive for livestock of the present invention depends on the types of the main drug and the excipient, but among them, wet stirring granulation using a rolling fluidized bed granulation method by a spiral flow granulator, a sugi continuous granulator, etc. It is preferable to manufacture by using the grain method, since it is possible to produce grains which are rapidly eluted in the animal body and are hard to break during transportation.

The feed additive for livestock of the present invention is characterized in that it has a granular shape. As for the particle size distribution, it is preferable that the particles within 20 to 119 mesh are at least 90% by weight. That is, as described above, carryover is likely to occur when the particle size of the fine particles is 150 mesh pass. Therefore, as a result of conducting a large number of experiments with a particle size smaller than that, improvement in carryover was confirmed within 119 mesh. .. Further, it is because an experiment of the same kind has revealed that the coarse particles of 20 mesh on have a bad influence on the mixing uniformity. In particular,
When Morantel citrate is used as the active ingredient, it is preferable that at least 90% by weight is within 20 to 100 mesh. When salinomycin sodium is used as the main ingredient, at least 90% by weight is 30 to 1%.
It is preferably within 19 mesh. The average particle size is preferably 125 to 700 μm, more preferably 200 to 350 μm. If the average particle size is larger than 700 μm, the inconvenience that the mixing uniformity is deteriorated occurs, and if it is smaller than 125 μm,
The inconvenience of carrying over easily occurs. In the present invention, the ratio of the titer of particles of 119 mesh pass is preferably 10% or less, more preferably the ratio of the titer of particles of 100 mesh pass is 10% or less, although it depends on the main drug. .. Particularly preferably, the ratio is 7% or less. This is because when the ratio of the titer is larger than 10%, there is an inconvenience that there are many factors that cause carryover.

The structure of the particles of the feed additive for livestock of the present invention has a structure in which only the excipient is used as the core and the main drug is attached to the periphery thereof, and a coating portion containing the main drug in the core and not containing the main drug is provided around the core. The structure having, further, the structure containing the main drug, etc., is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easiness of production, mixing uniformity, dissolution property, etc., an excipient is used as a core to surround it. Particles having a structure to which the main drug is attached are preferred.

The feed additive for livestock of the present invention can be used for various feeds for chickens, pigs, cattle, etc., for example, corn flour, defatted rice bran and the like. The mixing with the feed is usually performed by a large powder mixer such as a ribbon blender. The amount of the livestock feed additive added at this time varies greatly depending on the type of the main drug, but 0.0001 to 0.03 part by weight is added to 100 parts by weight of the feed.
Especially when the main drug is morantel citrate,
0.003 parts by weight is added so as to reach ppm. 15 or 50 when the main drug is salinomycin sodium
0.0015 parts by weight or 0.005 parts by weight is added so as to reach ppm.

[0019]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the matters specified in these examples. [Example 1] Morantel citrate was used as a main ingredient, and defatted rice bran was used as an excipient. These were pre-blended, dispersed and pulverized, and then a spiral flow granulator (agitator, fluidized bed granulation with bottom disc) Machine, manufactured by Freund Sangyo Co., Ltd.)
Supply to. Then, a part of unmilled defatted rice bran is put and granulated by spraying 4% corn starch paste while flowing (stirring). Finally 20/10
A livestock feed additive is manufactured by sieving with a 0 mesh and sizing. The formulation is shown in Table 1, and the characteristics such as particle size are shown in Table 2
It shows in Table 4. According to Example 1, defatted rice bran as a core
Particles are produced with a structure around which morantel citrate is attached.

[Comparative Example 1] Morantel citrate is used as a main ingredient, defatted soybean powder is used as an excipient, and soybean oil is used as a dusting inhibitor. These are supplied to a Burt mixer and mixed to produce a feed additive for livestock. Table 1
Tables 2 to 4 show characteristics such as particle size.

[0021]

(Table 1) (Formulation) Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Main drug Morantel citrate 300 mg (potency) 300 mg Excipient defatted soybean flour-680 mg Excipient defatted rice bran 680 mg-Caking agent Corn starch 20 mg-Dust control soybean oil -20 mg

[0022]

[Table 2] (Particle size distribution) Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Competitor's product 32 mesh on 3.3% 2.2% 0.0% 48 mesh on 27.5% 20.6% 12.3% 60 mesh on 11.3% 9.6% 14.0% 80 mesh on 41.3% 18.0 % 22.0% 100 mesh on 9.8% 25.5% 9.1% 150 mesh on 6.2% 16.8% 11.2% 200 mesh on 0.5% 6.7% 27.0% 200 mesh path 0.1% 0.7% 3.6% Average particle size 234.02 μm 178.23 μm 174.21 μm

[0023]

[Table 3] (Bulk Density) Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Competitor's product Bulk specific gravity (as is, g / cc) 0.494 0.395 0.424 Bulk specific gravity (tapped, g / cc) 0.526 0.658 0.663 Fluidity index a 0.060 0.409 0.369

Here, the fluidity index (a) is a value calculated by the following formula, and the smaller the value of (a), the better the fluidity.

[0025]

## EQU1 ## N / C = 1 / aN + 1 / ab, N = number of taps, C = (V ₀ −V _T ) / V ₀ V ₀ = bulk specific gravity, V _T = bulk specific gravity after tapping

[0026]

[Table 4] (Abundance ratio of morantel citrate by particle size) Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Competitor's product 32 mesh on 1.86% 1.61% 0.00% 48 mesh on 24.79% 10.39% 1.73% 60 mesh on 11.52% 5.93% 2.29% 80 mesh on 44.39% 13.67% 9.40% 100 mesh on 11.16% 32.03% 7.95% 150 mesh on 6.28% 24.67% 15.93% 200 mesh on 0.00% 10.63% 55.55% 200 mesh path 0.00% 1.08% 7.16%

From the results shown in Tables 2 to 4, in comparison with the comparative examples and the products of other companies, the examples have a larger particle size distribution, a larger fluidity and a smaller particle size of morantel citrate. It can be seen that the existence ratio of is small.

(Evaluation of Carryover) In order to evaluate the effect of the present invention, a test organization of Company K carries out a carryover evaluation test. The livestock feed additives of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are dispersed on a 4-ton scale to produce a high-concentration (500 ppm) dispersible blend (this is a pre-blend). Next, this pre-formulation is similarly dispersed on a 4-ton scale to produce a formula feed having a concentration of 30 ppm (this is referred to as the main formula). After each of the pre-blending and the main blending steps, the inner wall is washed with a washing maize, and the morantel citrate contained in the washing maize discharged after the washing is analyzed. This washing is performed 3 times after the pre-blending step and 4 times after the main blending step. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0029]

[Table 5] Preliminary compounding cleaning (ppm) Example 1 Comparative example 1 Significant difference 1 2 3 Average 1 2 3 Average 1st 0.46 0.55 0.40 0.47 ± 0.075 0.74 1.24 1.12 1.03 ± 0.261 Yes * 2nd 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 ± 0.012 0.14 0.11 0.16 0.14 ± 0.025 Yes * 3rd time 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.05 ± 0.012 0.10 0.08 0.13 0.10 ± 0.025 Yes * Significance test is performed using 2-sample t-test (Student test). * There is a significant difference at the 95% confidence limit.

[0030]

[Table 6] The significance test is carried out using a two-sample t-test (Student test). * There is a significant difference at the 95% confidence limit. ** Significant difference at 99% confidence limit.

As can be seen from Tables 5 and 6 and the graphs showing the results thereof in FIGS. 1 and 2, the granular feed composition of Example 1 was compared with powdered Comparative Example 1 after washing. Morantel citrate contained in the washing maize was small, confirming the effect on carryover. The test sample of this example is collected at the final outlet.
The carry-over value is
It also depends on the journey from the blender to the final outlet. In Example 1, it can be sufficiently evaluated that the carry-over is improved although it was carried out in a facility having a distance of 80 meters.

[Example 2] Salinomycin sodium (100 mg, potency) as a main ingredient, defatted rice bran and diatomaceous earth (450 mg and 200 m, respectively) as excipients
g), liquid paraffin (30 mg) is used as an additive, and these are preblended and triturated. Then, while feeding this pre-blend to a sugi continuous granulator, 5%
Granulate by spraying corn starch paste (30 mg). Finally, a feed additive for livestock is produced by sieving with a 30/119 mesh and sizing. The particle size of the feed additive for livestock of the present invention shows almost the same characteristics as in Example 1.

[Comparative Example 2] Salinomycin sodium (100 mg, potency) as a main ingredient, defatted rice bran and diatomaceous earth (450 mg and 200 m, respectively) as excipients.
g), liquid paraffin (30 mg) is used as a dusting inhibitor. These are supplied to a Burt mixer and mixed to produce a feed additive for livestock. Properties such as particle size are shown in Tables 7-9.

[0034]

[Table 7]

[0035]

[Table 8] (Bulk density) Example 2 Comparative example 2 Bulk specific gravity (as is, g / cc) 0.417 0.420 Bulk specific gravity (tapped, g / cc) 0.443 0.563 Fluidity index a 0.062 0.257

[0036]

[Table 9]

From the results shown in Tables 7 to 9, in comparison with Comparative Example 2, Example 2 is biased toward the larger particle size distribution.
It can be seen that the fluidity is large and the abundance ratio of salinomycin sodium having a small particle size is small.

(Evaluation of Carry Over) Example 2 Above
Then, the feed additive for livestock (5 g) of Comparative Example 2 is put into a stainless steel tube having a volume of 106 cm ³ , and is dispersed at 40 rpm for 10 minutes using a rotor mixer. The contents are removed, and the feed additive for livestock adhering to the inner wall is extracted with absolute ethanol. The extract is quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (ODS column). This operation is performed 10 times for each of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
The results are shown in Table 10. In Example 2, the carryover is significantly improved as compared with Comparative Example 2.

Table 10 (Residual amount of salinomycin sodium) Example 2 Comparative example 2 Number of samples 10 10 Average value (ppm) 0 522.093 Standard deviation 0 596.287 Significant difference between Example 2 and Comparative example 2 ^{* *} Significance test is performed using a two-sample t-test (Student test). ** Significant difference at 99% confidence limit.

[Example 3] A feed additive for livestock is produced in the same manner as in Example 2, using sendulamycin sodium as a main ingredient, defatted rice bran as an excipient, and liquid paraffin as an additive. The particle size of the feed additive for livestock of the present invention shows almost the same characteristics as in Example 2. [Comparative Example 3] Senduramycin sodium is used as a main ingredient, defatted rice bran is used as an excipient, and liquid paraffin is used as a dusting inhibitor. These ingredients are supplied to a Nauta-type mixer and mixed to produce a feed additive for livestock. Characteristics such as particle size
This is almost the same as Comparative Example 2.

Compared with Comparative Example 3, in Example 3, it is found that the particle size distribution is biased toward the larger side, the fluidity is large, and the abundance ratio of small-sized senduramycin sodium is small.

(Evaluation of Carryover) As a result of carrying out a carryover evaluation test similar to that of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, Example 3 shows an improvement in carryover as compared with Comparative Example 3.

[0042]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY Since the present invention is a granular feed additive containing at least a main drug and an excipient, it is possible to uniformly mix it with a feed in a blended feed manufacturer. Yes, and no segregation of the main drug. Further, the adhesion to the inner wall of the blender after mixing and discharging is small and the removal with the washing maze is easy, so that carry-over can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the analysis results (Table 5) of morantel citrate contained in discharged maize after pre-blending.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the analysis results (Table 6) of morantel citrate contained in the washed maize after the present mixing step.

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A feed additive for livestock, which comprises at least a main drug and an excipient and is granular. 2. The livestock feed additive according to claim 1, further comprising a binder. 3. The feed additive for livestock according to claim 1 or 2, which contains an additive. 4. The livestock feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the main drug is an antibiotic. 5. The livestock feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the main drug is morantel citrate, salinomycin sodium, or senduramycin sodium. 6. The livestock feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the excipient is defatted rice bran or diatomaceous earth. 7. The feed additive for livestock according to claim 2, wherein the binder is cornstarch. 8. The feed additive for livestock according to claim 2, wherein the additive is vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil or hydrogenated oil. 9. A particle size of at least 90% by weight of the particles,
The livestock feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the feed additive for livestock is in the range of 20 to 119 mesh. 10. A livestock feed additive according to claim 9, characterized in that at least 90% by weight of the particles have a particle size in the range 20-100 mesh. 11. The livestock feed additive according to claim 9, wherein at least 90% by weight of the particles have a particle size within the range of 30 to 119 mesh. 12. Containing at least a main drug and an excipient,
A livestock feed characterized by containing a granular feed additive. 13. The livestock feed according to claim 12, wherein the main drug is an antibiotic. 14. The livestock feed according to claim 12, wherein the main drug is morantel citrate, salinomycin sodium, or senduramycin sodium.