JPH05258066A - Specific face graphic preparing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To automatically prepare the various kinds of specific face graphics of a high quality by arranging a hachure graphic pattern without any clearance between two reference lines, that is, a normal head line and a normal tail line of an arbitrary shape. CONSTITUTION:The interval length of the two reference lines of the arbitrary shape is searched, the graphic pattern forming an arbitrary pattern is enlarged and reduced according to the interval length, and the graphic pattern is arranged without any clearance between the two reference lines, so that the specific face graphic can be prepared. For example, the hachure graphic pattern is arranged in the direction of the normal tail line from the position of a point (pz), that is, the hachure graphic pattern is arranged on a right angle (x, y) coordinate system in which the point (pz) is used as an origin and the direction of the normal tail line is used as an (x) axis. Then, the rectangle of the hachure graphic pattern is enlarged and reduced by using a distance Lz between the point (pz) and the normal head line as a reference. Thus, the hachure graphic pattern can be prepared by executing movement, rotation and enlargement (or reduction) processings between the two reference lines (normal tail line and the normal head line).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for generating a special surface figure, and more particularly, to displaying a figure on a personal computer, a graphics workstation, a plotter output device, or the like.
In an information processing system that handles graphics, such as an output device, a special surface with a special pattern formed by arranging a special pattern between two arbitrary reference lines The present invention relates to a special surface figure generation method for automatically generating a figure at high speed.

Many special surface figures are expressed in maps and various design drawings. FIG. 9 shows an example of a special surface figure. As an example, this figure is a special surface figure that is marked on many topographic maps (maps) with a scale of 1/250 to 1/5000.

For example, FIG. 9 (a) shows a wall rock with one of the deformation values on the ground. The wall rock is a terrain in which the rock is like a wall and is shown in FIG. 9 (a). Is drawn like. FIG. 9 (b) is a kind of cut slope, which is an artificial cut soil, a slope of an embankment, and a slope of a naturally formed land, and is a drawing of the slope of the cut soil. Such figures are often drawn not only in maps but also in drawings used for mechanical design, architectural design, and the like.

In such a special surface figure, as shown in FIG. 9A, the lower line of the slope is called the normal line and the upper line of the slope is called the normal line. These terms are maps (topographic maps)
Although it is a term used in the drawing, the term is also used in the present invention for convenience. In addition, 2 of the horizon and the hut line
Since each figure pattern arranged in the reference line of a book is called a "fluffy" figure in the map drawing terminology, a figure having a shape as shown in FIG. 9B is called. It is called a fluffy figure pattern.

What should be noted and paid attention to in the special surface figure as shown in FIG. 9 is the size of the fluff figure pattern arranged in the standard line according to the distance between the two reference lines, the sloping line and the sloping line. It means that (size) changes. Further, the shape of the reference line is not a simple straight line, and the curved shape has a complicated shape including bending points at arbitrary angles as shown in FIG. 9C. Many.

[0006]

2. Description of the Related Art A first conventional method for creating a special surface figure shown in FIG. 9 as information that can be handled by a computer is that a person draws such a figure on paper in advance, and the figure is drawn by a scanner device or the like. Is a general (and primitive) method of inputting with the use of and converting into vector information.

Further, as a second conventional method, there is a method of creating it on a computer system. In this second conventional method, each basic figure pattern is registered as a symbol (symbol or mark) pattern, and a human (operator) uses a display and a mouse cursor to make each symbol pattern one by one. Create by entering the position, rotation direction and size of the.

As a third, more advanced, conventional method,
Without changing the lateral size of the fluffy figure pattern, provided that the two reference lines each consist of only one straight line,
Technology has also been developed that simply extends and contracts by expanding and contracting only in the vertical direction (direction between the frontal lines).

[0009]

However, with the above-mentioned conventional method, it is difficult to create a special surface figure formed by a complex-shaped reference line, which is often drawn on a general map or various design drawings. In the present situation, the operator is forced to rely on a method of inputting the above-mentioned position, rotation direction and size for each symbol pattern for each symbol pattern.

That is, the burden on the operator is large, it takes a lot of work time, and since each symbol pattern is input with experience and intuition, a high degree of work is required and
Only poor quality can be created.

Further, even in the method of drawing (drafting) on a paper sheet by a person as described in the above-mentioned prior art, unless the person has special drawing skill and long experience, a high quality special surface figure is obtained. There is a problem that it is extremely difficult to create and draw.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points,
An object of the present invention is to provide a special surface figure generation method capable of automatically creating a special surface figure formed by a reference line having a complicated shape used in a general map or various design drawings.

[0013]

FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of the present invention.

According to the present invention, the interval length between two reference lines of arbitrary shape is obtained (step 1), and the graphic pattern forming an arbitrary pattern is enlarged / reduced according to the interval length (step 2). The pattern is arranged between the two reference lines without any gap (step 3) to generate a special surface figure.

[0015]

According to the present invention, the distance between two reference lines (the front line and the rear line) is automatically calculated, and the size of the fluffy graphic pattern to be arranged is expanded or contracted according to the distance. By repeating the process recursively and arranging it without gaps on the slope line, it is possible to automatically generate a high-quality special surface figure in the two reference lines expressed in arbitrary shapes.

[0016]

First, prior to describing this embodiment, terms and the like used in the description of this embodiment will be defined.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the coordinate shapes of the sloping line / slanting line and the fluffy graphic pattern. The two reference lines, the hump line and the hump line, are line segments (vectors;
v) It is assumed that it is expressed by a column, and the normal line J is represented by J = {vj; 1 ≦ j ≦ J} and the normal line T is represented by T = {vt = 1 ≦ t ≦ T}. As shown in FIG. 2A, the slope line J and the slope line T are expressed on the right-angle XY seat.

The fluffy graphic pattern K is a set of line segments (vectors; v) representing an arbitrary picture, and K = {vk; 1≤k.
≦ K}. The difference between them is that the skirt line J and the front line T are vector sequences, while the fluffy graphic pattern K is a vector group. Further, the fluffy graphic pattern K is
As shown in FIG. 2B, it is assumed that it is formed inside (inside) of a rectangle (rectangle, length in the horizontal direction is Δx, length in the vertical direction is Δy). However, there is no need to have a vector that touches the rectangle.

As shown in FIG. 2B, it is assumed that it is expressed in a right-angled xy coordinate system with a point at the lower left corner of the rectangle (hereinafter simply referred to as a rectangle) of the fluffy graphic pattern K as the origin. The line segment shown by the thick solid line in FIG. 2B represents the fluffy graphic pattern K, and the line of the rectangular outer frame shown by the broken line is not the line segment forming the actual fluffy graphic pattern K. Further, it is assumed that the lower line (the line on the x coordinate axis) of the rectangle of the rectangular fluffy graphic pattern K is placed on the skirt line J.

Under the above conditions, the embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

However, in order to simplify the following description and understanding,
It is assumed that there is a stigma T on the left side of the direction of the vector line of the sloping line J, and the sloping line J and the sloping line T do not intersect or contact each other. Further, it is assumed that there is no bending point on the slope line J, and the vector string is an arbitrary number of curvilinear shapes divided by the bending points. However, it is assumed that there is no special restriction on the front line T, and that the division is made at the point on the front line T corresponding to the bending point on the rear end line J described later. The skirt line J and ridge line T under such conditions are shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a processing procedure of an embodiment of the present invention. The outline of the processing procedure of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. (Step 11) A fluffy figure pattern is created. (Step 12) Two reference lines (a hump line and a hump line) are created. (Step 13) The ridge line is divided into units of length 1, and the point sequence of the division points is obtained. (Step 14) A perpendicular line of each point in the point sequence is created, and an intersection with the normal line is calculated for each point. (Step 15) Calculate the normal line and distance for each point in the point sequence. (Step 16) The rectangle forming the fluffy graphic pattern is scaled up or down on the basis of the distance from the frontal line. (Step 17) The rectangles are arranged on the skirt line without any space by the rectangle expansion / contraction arrangement process in step 16, and if “too much” occurs, the process proceeds to step 18, and if “insufficiency” occurs, the process proceeds to step 19. Transition. (Step 18) In the rectangular arrangement processing, the magnification in the horizontal direction is slightly increased to perform the rectangular enlargement / reduction arrangement processing (rectangle enlargement arrangement processing), and the routine proceeds to step 20. (Step 19) In the rectangular enlargement / reduction processing of step 17, the above-mentioned rectangular enlargement / reduction arrangement processing (rectangle reduction arrangement processing) is performed by slightly reducing the magnification in the horizontal direction, and the process proceeds to step 20. (Step 20) In the rectangular enlargement / reduction arrangement processing, control is repeated until “too much” and “insufficiency” are eliminated.

(Step 21) The fluffy graphic pattern is moved, enlarged (reduced), and rotated in the rectangle arranged by the above processing.

Next, each step of the processing procedure of the present invention will be described in detail.

Step 11: First, a fluffy figure pattern K for forming an arbitrary picture inside a rectangle is created by a usual CAD-like method. This is created in advance for the number of fluffy graphic patterns K to be prepared and stored as fluffy graphic pattern types. This creation method may be created in advance on a desk and registered in a computer, or a rectangle of the above size (Δx, Δy) may be displayed on the display, and a pattern may be formed therein by using a mouse cursor. It may be created by inputting each vector one by one, and this creating method can be easily performed by a conventional technique. The rectangle size (Δx, Δy) is arbitrarily set for each fluffy graphic pattern type.

Step 12: Create two reference lines (vector columns) of the normal line J and the normal line T. This processing is also simply created by a normal CAD method using a display and a mouse cursor. The reference line does not need to be created each time the embodiment of the present invention is implemented, and may be created in advance by some other method. That is, if similar information is created in advance, the special surface figure may be generated in the reference line.

Step 13: The processing after this step is the main processing in the present invention. The normal line J represented by a vector sequence is divided by the length of the coordinate unit (1) in the right-angle XY coordinate system, and the sequence of points (represented by Z; hereinafter the standard sequence of the regular lines) is defined as p1, p2, p3. , ... That is to say, the quasi-bottom line point sequence Z obtains Z = {pz; The trailing edge line point Z includes the start and end points of the trailing edge line J, and each point has a coordinate value (Xz, Yz).

Step 14, Step 15: Step 1
For each point obtained as described in No. 3, a perpendicular is found on the left side in the direction of the slope line J as follows. An intersection (cz; frontal line intersection) between the perpendicular and the frontal line T is obtained, and further, a distance (Lz; normal line distance) from the frontal line intersection cz is obtained.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a process for calculating a normal line to a normal line and an intersection of the normal line with the normal line according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, the point (p (z−q), p (z + q)) is obtained. A straight line (H) connecting the two points of the point p (z−q) and the point p (z + q) is perpendicular to the point pz and is defined as the perpendicular line L. However, z ≦ q, z ≧ (Z−
q), a point pz and a point p (Z-
Substitute the intersection point cz and the distance Lz of the normal line of q).
In this way, the intersection point cz of the tail line is coordinate value (Xcz, Y
cz). This is again set to Z = {pz, cz, Lz; 1 ≦ z ≦ Z} for the modal tail line point sequence Z.

When obtaining the intersection point cz of the front line, if the intersection point cz of the front line with the front line T cannot be obtained, the front line T
Of the front line of the last vector of the normal line T is found, and the intersection point cz of the above normal line is calculated. And it is sufficient. In addition, the crest line intersection c with the crest line T
When a plurality of z's are obtained, the one having the shortest normal line distance Lz is set as the normal line distance Lz.

Step 16: FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of arranging rectangles of a fluffy graphic pattern from a point on the skirt line to the direction of the skirt line according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Assuming that the fluffy graphic pattern K is arranged from the position of the point pz in the direction of the skirt line J, that is, as shown in FIG. (Direction of H) is regarded as the x-axis and the fluff figure pattern K is arranged on the right-angle xy coordinate system, and the fluff figure pattern K of the fluff figure pattern K is set as follows on the basis of the normal distance Lz at the point pz. Scale the rectangle. However, the scaling of the vector group forming the fluffy graphic pattern K is not performed,
Process only on rectangles. That is, the ratio Mz (= Lz / Δy) is calculated for the size Δy of the rectangle of the fluffy graphic pattern K in the y-axis direction. Using the ratio M, the rectangle of the fluffy graphic pattern K is enlarged (or reduced) in both the x-axis and y-axis directions.

As a result, the length of the rectangle in the y-axis direction becomes Lz, the length in the x-axis direction becomes Lz, and the length in the x-axis direction is converted into Mz × Δx. This step is
It is processed based on z (and the above-mentioned information that the point has). The processing from this step onward is called the rectangle scaling processing. The right-angle xy coordinate system is given to the point pz as described above, and differs for each point constituting the normal-edge line point sequence Z.

Step 17: The rectangle expansion / contraction processing of Step 16 is repeated to arrange the rectangles on the normal line J without any gap as follows. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a phenomenon in which "too much" and "insufficiency" occur when a rectangle is enlarged and reduced and arranged according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rectangle created here is w1. The size of the rectangle w1 in the x-axis direction is M1 × Δx.
The point at the lower left corner of the rectangle placed above is pr1 (r1 = M1
× Δx). Next, a rectangle w2 is obtained by performing a rectangle expansion / contraction process on the point pr1 using the normal distance Lr1. Since the size of the rectangle w2 in the x-axis direction is M2 × Δx, the point at the lower left corner of the rectangle arranged next on the skirt line J is p.
It becomes r2 (r2 = M2 × Δx + r1). Rectangle scaling is performed on the point Pr2 using the normal distance Lr2 to obtain a rectangle w3. Repeat the rectangle scaling arrangement processing to obtain rectangles w1, w2, w3
..., _w w can be obtained.

Step 18: When this rectangular enlargement / reduction arranging process is executed, "too much" occurs near the end point of the skirt line J as shown in FIG. 6 (a), or as shown in FIG. 6 (b). , "Insufficiency" may occur. “Too much” and “Not enough”
Is within half ((Mw × Δx) / 2) of the size (Mw × Δx) in the x-axis direction of the rectangle w _w arranged at the end of the skirt line J. That is, "too much" is the value ((Mw
When it is × Δx) / 2) or more, the rectangle scaling arrangement processing is repeated once more so that “insufficiency” occurs. Let the newly arranged rectangle be Mw. In FIG. 6, 2
The reason why the reference line of the book is drawn by the two straight lines J and T is simply to simplify the drawing.

When the above "too much" occurs in the above-mentioned rectangle expansion / contraction arrangement processing, when the size (M2 × Δx) of the rectangle in the rectangle expansion / contraction processing is obtained, the size is slightly forced. Enlarge. That is, the value is increased by a sufficiently small value (Δd; for example, 0.05). In other words, the size of the point pz in the x-axis direction is set to (Mz × Δx) × (1 + Δd), the rectangular scaling processing is performed, and the rectangular scaling placement processing is performed at the same time. This processing is referred to as rectangular enlargement arrangement processing.

Step 19: If the size in the x-axis direction of the rectangle w _w placed at the end of the skirt line J in the above-described rectangle scaling arrangement process is larger than the skirt line J (when “insufficiency” occurs).
Size of the rectangle in the x-axis direction (Mz × Δ
When determining x), the size is forced to be slightly smaller. That is, a sufficiently small value (Δd; for example, 0.0
5 etc.). In other words, the size of the point pz in the x-axis direction is set to (Mz × Δx) × (1−Δd), and the rectangular scaling process is performed, and at the same time, the rectangular scaling placement process is performed. This process is called a rectangle reduction arrangement process.

Step 20: When the above rectangle enlargement processing is performed, "too much" may occur and "insufficiency" may occur. Further, when the rectangular reduction arrangement processing is performed, "too much" may occur and "insufficiency" may occur. This is because the shape of the sloping line J and the sloping line T is arbitrary, and the sloping line length L at each point pz of the sloping line point sequence Z
This phenomenon occurs because z has no regularity.

Therefore, the rectangle enlargement arrangement processing and the rectangle reduction arrangement processing are repeated according to the "too much" and "insufficient" situations, and are repeated until the "too much" or "insufficient" disappears. At this time, if the value of Δd is sufficiently small, “too much” and “insufficient” become gradually smaller.

When “too much” and “insufficiency” are small, if the value of Δd is constant, a signal phenomenon may occur in which the rectangular enlargement arrangement processing and the rectangular reduction arrangement processing are alternately repeated. Therefore, as the rectangle scaling process is repeated, Δ
By gradually decreasing the value of d (for example, Δ
d = 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 ...) The vibration phenomenon is reduced. However, completely setting "too much" or "insufficient" to 0 (zero) increases the number of calculations,
Not a good idea.

Therefore, when the special surface figure generated according to the present invention is displayed on the display, when it becomes almost unnoticeable to human eyes, the repetitive processing is stopped. In practice, when "too much" or "insufficiency" reaches a few% of the size of the finally arranged rectangle w _{w in} the x-axis direction, it can be satisfied to humans by stopping the repeated processing. Has been confirmed.

Step 21: As described above, in each of the rectangles thus arranged, the fluffy figure pattern K created in Step 11 is represented on the rectangular XY coordinate system by two reference lines (normal tail lines). Moving, rotating, and enlarging (or contracting) processing is performed between J and the normal line T, and a fluffy graphic pattern K is generated between the two reference lines.

By the above processing, the special surface figure in which the special fluffy figure pattern K is arranged on the skirt line J between the two reference lines without any gap can be automatically created.

In the above description, the fluffy figure pattern K
Represents a vector (line segment), but the design may use not only a vector (line segment) but also a figure of another shape (for example, an arc). Further, the two reference lines of the hump line J and the hump line T are also expressed by a vector (segment) line, but if the hump line point sequence Z and the hump line intersection point cz are obtained, only the vector is obtained. Alternatively, figures of different shapes (for example, arcs, etc.) may be mixed.

Further, although the present embodiment has been described on the assumption that the lower line of the rectangle of the fluffy graphic pattern K is on the skirt line J, the present invention is not limited to this example, and, for example, Arrangement processing may be performed so that the center line obtained by dividing the rectangle into two in the x-axis direction is on the skirt line J. In addition, the front line T is the bottom line J
Although it has been described as existing on the left side of the direction of, it may exist on the opposite side as long as it is defined.

Further, in the above description, the two reference lines are divided at the bending points of the skirt line for the sake of simplification of explanation and understanding. However, the two reference lines are divided at the bending points. The method will be described.

A method for detecting a bending point on a vector sequence is described in, for example, the document “Masashige Nagura“ Map Recognition Editing System Emphasizing Human Interface (AI-CHASER) ”,
6th NICOGRAPH Paper Contest, Papers, pp.356-369,
It can be processed by conventional techniques as disclosed in "1990".

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a case where the buttock line and the cusp line include a bending point according to another embodiment of the present invention. With the above-mentioned conventional method, it is possible to detect a bending point on the slope line indicated by a double circle in FIG. Further, the detection of the corresponding points indicated by Δ on the normal line corresponding thereto can also be easily detected by the conventional technique.

Then, the pairs of the tail line and the head line (J1, T1), (J2, T) divided by those bending points are used.
2) and (J3, T3), the above-mentioned special surface figure generation process may be performed. However, when the bending point is bent at an acute angle, it may be easier to see if you do not arrange the fluff figure pattern near the bending point. It may be processed according to.

FIG. 8 shows an example of various special plane figures generated based on the embodiment of the present invention. When displaying a special surface figure as shown in the figure on the display or outputting it to the plotter output device, it is displayed with two reference lines depending on the type of the fluff figure pattern, The reference line or one of them may not be displayed. This display and output control can be easily realized by the conventional technique.

[0051]

As described above, according to the present invention, a method of arranging a fluff figure pattern without a gap between two reference lines of a normal line and a skirt line of an arbitrary shape can be used as shown in FIG. Various high quality special surface figures as shown in FIG. 9 can be automatically generated.

Further, since it is possible to automatically generate and display an infinite special surface figure having an arbitrary shape by simply preparing various kinds of fluffy figure patterns capable of setting an arbitrary picture, the practical value is extremely high.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a coordinate system of a skirt line / slope line and a fluffy graphic pattern.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a processing procedure of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a process of calculating a normal line from a certain point on a normal line to a normal line and an intersection of the normal line with the normal line according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of arranging rectangles of a fluffy graphic pattern from a point on a skirt line in a direction of the skirt line according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a phenomenon in which “too much” and “insufficiency” occur when a rectangle is enlarged and reduced and arranged according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a case where a buttock line and a cusp line according to another embodiment of the present invention include a bending point.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of various special surface graphics generated based on an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a special surface figure.

[Explanation of symbols]

Method J butt line T Hoatamasen K fluff rectangular cz Hoatama line intersection H line L perpendicular Lz Hoatama line distance pz any point w ₁ to w _w rectangular J1~J3 Hoshiri line of points T1~T3 method of the figure Point on the head line Z method tail line point sequence p1 to p3 point sequence

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A distance between two reference lines of arbitrary shape is obtained, a graphic pattern forming an arbitrary pattern is enlarged or reduced according to the distance, and the graphic pattern is converted into the two reference lines. A special surface figure generation method characterized by generating special surface figures by arranging them with no space between them.