JPH05248207A - Deflection and center slippage measuring method and devices therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a deviation measuring position coincident with a position for accurately dividing the periphery of an axle uniformly while presenting reproducibility when a deviation of the axle of a rotary machine is measured. CONSTITUTION:A projection 6 is provided as a mark of a machining process for cutting it out from the couping 5 of the axle 1 equally dividing the periphery of an axle and projection 6 is detected by a limit switch 7 as a sensor. This detected signal is converted to a visible and audible timing signal by means of a timing generator 8, and deviation of the axle 1 is measured according to this timing signal.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a runout and a misalignment measuring method for measuring runout due to bending of an axle of a rotating machine and a misalignment between the axle and a stationary portion having an inner circumferential wall surrounding the axle. Regarding measuring equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Axle deflection is measured in order to confirm the bending of the axles of rotating machines such as steam turbines, water turbines, generators, compressors and blowers. As a method of measuring the runout of this axle, a positioner conventionally fixed outside the axle, for example, a dial gauge, etc., is brought into contact with the axle supported by bearings, the axle is rotated, and the measurement value of the positioner is visually inspected by the operator. Read and measure.

At this time, a sign obtained by fixing rubber pieces or the like, which are attached by equally dividing the circumference of the axle, with gum tape or the like is detected by a sensor, such as a limit switch, installed outside the axle, and a buzzer sounds by this detection signal. Or, the lamp is blinked to notify the measurer of the timing signal, and the measurer reads the measured value of the positioner according to the timing signal and measures the deflection of the axle.

Further, the axle supported by the bearing and the stationary portion having the inner circumferential wall surrounding the axle, for example, the inner circumferential wall of the casing must be concentric with each other in terms of contact prevention and performance during rotation of the axle. is there. Therefore, the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion is measured and confirmed at the time of assembling the axle and the stationary portion.
This misalignment is measured by bringing a positioner mounted on the axle, for example, a dial gauge or the like into contact with the surface of the opposing stationary portion or the inner circumferential wall, rotating the axle, and reading the measured value of the positioner by the measurer. At this time, the measuring point is determined by visually observing the position where the positioner is located by the rotation of the axle, that is, the position where the positioner is above, below, left, right, etc. of the axle.

[0005]

When measuring the deflection of the axle as described above, fixing the rubber piece or the like with gum tape or the like to determine the measuring position as a mark as described above has the following drawbacks. is there. (1) It is difficult to install the above signs by dividing them accurately into equal parts around the axle. (2) The sign is removed after measuring the runout of the axle, so it must be reattached each time it is re-measured.

(3) Since the position of the reattached marker is poor in reproducibility, it cannot be smoothly compared with the previous measurement result. Further, when measuring the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion, the measuring position can be visually inspected by the measurer as described above, so that the measuring position is inaccurate.

It should be noted that the runout of the axle and the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion cannot be automatically measured and recorded by the above method, which is troublesome. Is required. An object of the present invention is, when measuring the runout of the axle and the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion, fix the marker at the measurement position to give reproducibility, and to perform automatic measurement and automatic recording. (EN) Provided are a method for measuring runout of a vehicle and a misalignment between an axle and an inner circumferential wall of a stationary portion, and these devices.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the present invention, in a shake measuring method for measuring the bending of the axle of a rotating machine by a positioner installed outside this axle, the circumference of the axle is equally divided. This sign is provided on the axle, and the sign is rotated around the axle and detected by a sensor, and this detection signal is converted into an audiovisual timing signal by a timing generator. The measured value of shall be read.

Further, the misalignment of the inner peripheral circular wall of the stationary portion of a rotary machine of a rotary machine, which is equipped with an axle supported by a shaft and a stationary portion having an inner peripheral wall surrounding the axle, is measured by a positioner attached to the axle. In the misalignment measurement method described above, a sign that equally divides the circumference of the axle is provided on the axle, this sign is rotated and detected by a sensor, and this detection signal is converted into a timing signal that can be audiovisually sensed by a timing generator. It is assumed that the measurer reads the measured value of the positioner according to this timing signal.

In the above-described runout or misalignment measuring method, a reference mark serving as a reference point for measuring the runout or misalignment is provided at one location around the axle, and the axle supporting the reference mark is rotated. The detection signal is detected by a sensor, converted into an audiovisual timing signal by a timing generator, and this timing signal is used as a reference point for measurement by the measurer.

Further, in a shake measuring device for measuring the bending of an axle of a rotating machine, an electric positioner which is installed outside the axle and outputs a measured value for measuring the bending of the axle as an electric signal is divided into equal parts around the axle. And a sign provided on the axle, and detecting the sign by rotating the sign around the axle.
Sensor, a reference mark provided on the axle that serves as a reference point for measurement at one location around the axle, a second sensor that detects the reference mark by rotating the axle supported by the axle, Positioner, a microcomputer that receives the output signals from the first and second sensors and processes the data, and a recorder that displays the deflection of the axle and the reference point at the location corresponding to the sign by the output signal from the computer. Shall be provided.

Further, in a misalignment measuring device for measuring misalignment between an axle supported by a rotating machine and a stationary portion having an inner circumferential wall surrounding the axle, the inner displacement is attached to the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion is attached. The electric positioner that outputs the measured value of the misalignment with respect to the core of the axle as an electric signal, the sign provided on the axle by equally dividing the circumference of the axle, and the sign that detects this sign by rotating the axle. No. 1 sensor, a reference mark provided on the axle as a reference point for measurement at one location around the axle, a second sensor for detecting the reference mark by rotating the axle, and the electric positioner, Output signals from the first and second sensors are input, and a microcomputer for data processing and an output signal from this computer display the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion corresponding to the sign and the reference point. Record It shall be equipped with a door.

The signs and the reference signs are projections or dents carved out from the axle, respectively, and a sensor is a switch which detects the projections or dents to open and close and outputs an opening / closing signal. .. Further, the above-mentioned sign and the reference sign are respectively marks which are provided on the axle so as to be optically identifiable, and the sensor is an optical sensor which optically catches the marks and outputs an electric signal.

[0014]

[Function] When the bending of the axle of the rotating machine is measured as the deflection of the axle by the positioner installed outside the axle, the circumference of the axle is equally divided and the marker provided on the axle is rotated around the axle to rotate the sensor. The detection signal is converted into an audiovisual timing signal by the timing generator, and the measuring person receives the signal and reads the measured value of the positioner. By doing so, the deflection of the axle can be measured with reproducibility of the measurement position at a point where the circumference of the axle is accurately divided into equal parts.

Further, in order to confirm the misalignment between the axle supported by the rotary machine and the stationary portion having the inner circumferential wall surrounding the axle, the misalignment of the inner circumferential circular wall of the stationary portion with respect to the axis of the axle is attached to the axle. When measuring with the positioner, the sensor is used to detect a sign on the axle that is equally divided around the axle as described above, and this detection signal is converted into an audiovisual timing signal by a timing generator. The measurer receives the signal and reads the measured value of the positioner. By doing so, the misalignment can be measured with the reproducibility of the measurement position at the points where the circumference of the axle is accurately divided into equal parts.

A reference sign is provided at one location around the axle in distinction from the above-described sign provided equally around the axle, and the reference sign is detected by the sensor in the same manner as described above. The audible and audible timing signal can be received by the measurer and used as a reference point for measuring shake or misalignment, and the absolute position of each sign can be determined from this reference point.

Further, an axle deflection measuring device rotates the axle supported by the axle, and an electric signal of axle deflection measured by an electric positioner installed outside the axle and the circumference of the axle detected by the first sensor. The detection signal of the sign which is equally divided into two and the detection signal of the reference sign which is the reference point for measurement detected by the second sensor are input to the microcomputer for data processing, and the result is recorded in the recorder. It is displayed and automatically measures and records the deflection of the axle at the position corresponding to the sign together with the reference point for measurement.

An electric positioner is attached to the axle by means of a device for measuring the misalignment between the axle supported by the rotating machine and the stationary portion having the inner peripheral wall surrounding the axle, and the axle of the inner peripheral circular wall of the stationary portion is attached. By measuring the misalignment with respect to the core of
Similarly to the above, the first and second sensors, the microcomputer, and the recorder automatically measure and record the misalignment of the position corresponding to the marker together with the reference point for measurement.

Here, the sign and the reference sign are projections or dents formed by carving from the axle, and the projections or dents are detected by an opening / closing signal which operates a switch as a sensor when the axle is rotated. The above-mentioned sign and the reference sign are marks which are provided on the axle and are optically identifiable, and these marks are detected by an optical sensor when the axle is rotated and output as an electric signal.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for measuring the shake of an axle of a steam turbine as a rotary machine when the shake measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention is adopted. In FIG. 1, a steam turbine axle 1 is provided with shaft necks 3, 4 supported by bearings 2 at both ends and a coupling 5 following the shaft neck 4. Then, as shown in FIG. 2 which is a view of the arrow A of FIG. 1, a protrusion 6 serving as a mark is provided on the coupling 5 by cutting out the periphery of the axle 1 in equal parts.

A limit switch 7 as a sensor for detecting the timing of measurement is installed outside the axle 1, and when the protrusion 6 is detected, the limit switch 7 is actuated to open or close. Then, the timing generator 8 such as a buzzer or a lamp is operated by an open / close signal from the limit switch 7 to generate an audiovisual timing signal to notify the measuring person of the timing of measurement.

The dial gauge as the positioner 9 is installed outside the axle, and the sensor end 9a is in contact with the circumferential surface of the axle 1 on which the deflection of the axle 1 is to be measured. With such a configuration, when the axle 1 supported by the bearing 2 is rotated, the limit switch 7 is activated each time the protrusion 6 comes to the operating position of the limit switch 7, and the timing generator 8 connected to the limit switch 8, for example, a buzzer. Sound.

The measurer listens to this timing signal, reads the measured value of the positioner 9, and measures the shake of the axle 1.
By doing so, it is possible to measure the shake at the point where the circumference of the axle 1 is accurately divided into equal parts. In addition, although the mark is a protrusion in the above-described embodiment, it may be a recess that is carved out.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a measuring method when the misalignment measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention is adopted. In FIG. 3, the casing 10 as a stationary portion has an inner circular wall 11,
The inner circular wall 11 surrounds the axle 1 supported by the bearing 2. The dial gauge as the positioner 9 has an axle 1
The sensor end 9a is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 except that the sensor end 9a is in contact with the inner circumferential wall 11 of the casing 10 whose core misalignment is to be measured.

With such a configuration, the axle 1 and the casing
The misalignment of the inner circumferential wall 11 with the inner peripheral wall 11 causes the timing of the timing generator 8 which outputs the rotation of the axle 1 supported by the bearing 2 and the operation of the limit switch 7 for detecting the protrusion 6 as described above. When the measurer reads the measured value of the positioner 9 in accordance with the signal, the misalignment of the inner circumferential wall 11 of the stationary portion 10 with respect to the center of the axle 1 can be measured at locations where the circumference of the axle 1 is accurately divided equally.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method of measuring the deflection of an axle to which a reference sign is added in addition to the sign according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, a reference protrusion 13 (see FIG. 5) is formed by cutting out from the axle 1 as a reference mark at one place around the coupling 5 of the axle 1 so as to be distinguished from the protrusion 6.
A limit switch 14 as a sensor for detecting 13 is installed outside the axle 1, and a timing generator 15 that operates by opening / closing the limit switch 14 is provided, which is the same as that shown in FIG.

With such a configuration, as described above, the axle 1 supported by the bearing 2 is rotated, and each time the limit switch 7 detects the protrusion 6, the timing signal output from the timing generator 8 is used to measure the runout by the positioner 9. When reading the value, the timing signal from the timing generator 15 when the limit switch 14 detects the reference protrusion 13 can be used as a reference point for measuring the shake of the axle 1.

The reference point for measurement by the reference protrusion 13 can be adopted also when measuring the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion. FIG. 6 is a system diagram of the shake measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. 6, the same parts as those in FIGS. 1 and 4 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. An electric positioner 16 including an electric micrometer or an eddy current type gear-up sensor shown in FIG. 6 is provided at a plurality of positions on the axle 1, measures the shake of the axle 1, and outputs the measured value as an electric signal.

The microcomputer 18 receives the opening / closing signals of the limit switches 7 and 14 for detecting the protrusions 6 and the reference protrusion 13 and the electric signal of the deflection measurement value of the axle 1 by the electric positioner 16, respectively. Data processing is performed so as to display the open / close signal, for example, the measured value of the deflection of the axle 1 by the electric positioner 16 at the time of the close signal and the reference point.

The recorder 19 outputs the output value from the microcomputer 18, that is, the reference point for measurement from the limit switch 14 that detects the reference protrusion 13 and the measurement position at the time of the closing signal from the limit switch 7 that detects the protrusion 6. And the runout measurement value of the axle of the electric positioner 16 corresponding to this measurement position is displayed. With such a configuration, the axle 1 supported by the bearing 2
Rotate to measure the runout of the axle 1 with the electric positioner 16, and the electric signal of this measured value is a microcomputer.
Entered in 18. On the other hand, a closing signal indicating a reference point for measurement by the limit switch 14 and a closing signal indicating a measurement position by the limit switch 7 are input to the microcomputer 18. Then, the microcomputer 18 processes the reference point, the closed signal indicating the measurement position, and the measured value of the shake of the axle, and inputs the processed data to the recorder 19. Then, the recording reference point, the measurement position, and the shake measurement value of the axle 1 corresponding to the measurement position are displayed on the recorder 19.

Although the runout measuring device for the axle 1 has been described in the present embodiment, when measuring the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion, the electric positioner 16 shown in FIG. The same operation can be obtained by using the same configuration as in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a method for measuring the deflection of an axle provided with an optically identifiable sign and a reference sign according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are views taken in the direction of arrow C and D of FIG. 7, respectively. FIG. 7 to 9, the surface of the coupling 5 of the axle 1 is provided with a groove 21 serving as a marker, which is carved out by equally dividing the periphery thereof, and a reference groove 22 serving as a reference marker, which is carved out at one location around the periphery. , Further groove
21, a photo sensor 23, 24, which detects the light and darkness of the groove 21, the reference groove 22 and its surroundings by reflected light facing the reference 22, and outputs an electric signal, and the timing of a buzzer or the like by the output signals from the photo sensors 23, 24 Timing generator for generating signals
It is the same as that shown in FIG. 4 except that 25 and 26 are provided.

With this structure, when the axle 1 is supported by the bearing 2 and is rotated, the photo sensor 23 is optically identified by the light and dark of the groove 21, and the photo sensor 24 is optically identified by the light and dark of the reference groove 22 as a mark and a reference mark, respectively. The electric signal of is output. Then, the electric signals are input to the timing generators 25 and 26, respectively, to generate timing signals. Therefore, similarly to the above, the measurer can read the measured value of the positioner 9 according to this timing signal, and can confirm the timing signal which is the reference point for measurement.

The method of optically identifying the marker and the reference marker can be applied to the misalignment measuring method, the shake measuring apparatus and the misalignment measuring apparatus. In the above embodiment, the mark and the reference mark are provided on the coupling at the shaft end of the axle, but they may be provided on the shaft portion other than the coupling if the sensor can be attached. Although the steam turbine has been described as the rotating machine in this embodiment, the turbine, the generator, the compressor,
It may be a rotary machine such as a blower.

[0034]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, a mark having the above-mentioned configuration in which the axle runout and the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion are equally divided around the axle, As a result, it is possible to accurately measure the position equally divided by a timing signal that detects a mark of a mark formed of a protrusion or a recess carved from the axle or a groove that can be optically identified, and the reproducibility of the measured position can be obtained.

Since a reference sign having the same structure as the above-mentioned sign is also provided on the axle, the reference sign serves as a reference point for measurement and the absolute position of the sign is determined. Further, the runout and misalignment measuring device can automatically measure and record the runout of the axle and the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion, thus saving the labor of measurement.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a measuring method when an axle shake measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention is adopted.

FIG. 2 is a view on arrow A of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a measuring method when the method of measuring the misalignment between the axle and the inner circumferential wall of the stationary portion according to the embodiment of the present invention is adopted.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method of measuring the deflection of an axle to which a reference sign is added in addition to the sign according to the embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a system diagram of an axle deflection measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a method of measuring the shake of an axle provided with an optically identifiable sign and a reference sign according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a view on arrow C of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a view on arrow D-D of FIG. 7.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Axle 6 Protrusion 7 Limit Switch 8 Timing Generator 9 Positioner 10 Casing 11 Inner Circular Wall 13 Reference Protrusion 14 Limit Switch 15 Timing Generator 16 Electric Positioner 18 Microcomputer 19 Recorder 21 Groove 22 Reference Groove 23 Photo Sensor 24 Photo Sensor 25 Timing Generator 26 Timing Generator

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. In a shake measuring method for measuring a bend of an axle of a rotating machine by a positioner installed outside the axle, a sign equally dividing the circumference of the axle is provided on the axle, and the sign is rotated about the axle. Then, the vibration is detected by a sensor, the detected signal is converted into an audiovisual timing signal by a timing generator, and a measurer reads the measured value of the positioner according to the timing signal. 2. A misalignment of an inner peripheral inner wall of a stationary part of a rotating machine with an axially supported axle and a stationary part having an inner circumferential wall surrounding the axle is measured by a positioner attached to the axle. In the misalignment measuring method, a sign that equally divides the circumference of the axle is provided on the axle, this sign is rotated and detected by a sensor, and this detection signal is converted into an audiovisual timing signal by a timing generator. A misalignment measuring method, in which a measurer reads a measured value of a positioner according to a timing signal. 3. A reference mark according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reference mark serving as a reference point for measuring the runout or misalignment is provided at one location around an axle, and an axle supporting the reference mark is rotated. And a sensor to convert the detection signal into a timing signal that can be audiovisually sensed by a timing generator, and the timing signal is used as a reference point for measurement by a measurer. 4. A shake measuring device for measuring the bending of an axle of a rotating machine, wherein an electric positioner installed outside the axle and outputting measured values of the bending of the axle as an electric signal is equally divided around the axle. Provided on the axle, a first sensor that detects this indicator by rotating the axle around the axle, and a reference provided on the axle that serves as a reference point for measurement at one location around the axle. A sign, a second sensor for detecting the reference sign by rotating an axle that is pivotally supported, and a microcomputer for inputting and outputting the output signals of the electric positioner and the first and second sensors A shake measuring apparatus comprising: a recorder that displays a shake of an axle and a reference point at a location corresponding to a sign according to an output signal from the computer. 5. A center misalignment measuring device for measuring a misalignment between an axle supported by a rotary machine and a stationary part having an inner peripheral wall surrounding the axle, wherein the inner peripheral wall of the stationary part is attached to the axle. The electric positioner that outputs the measured value of the misalignment with respect to the core of the axle as an electric signal, the sign provided on the axle by equally dividing the circumference of the axle, and the sign that detects this sign by rotating the axle. 1 sensor, a reference mark provided on the axle that serves as a reference point for measurement at one location around the axle, and a second sensor that detects the reference mark by rotating the axle.
A microcomputer that receives the output signals from the electric positioner, the first and second sensors, and processes the data, and a misalignment between the axle and the inner peripheral inner wall of the stationary portion at the location corresponding to the sign by the output signal from the computer And a recorder for displaying a reference point. 6. The article according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, wherein the sign is a protrusion or a recess carved from the axle,
A sensor is a switch that detects the protrusion or the depression and opens / closes, and outputs an opening / closing signal, and a shake or misalignment measuring method, or a shake or misalignment measuring device. 7. The optical system according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, wherein the mark is an optically distinguishable mark provided on the axle, and the sensor optically captures the mark and outputs an electric signal. A shake or misalignment measuring method, or a shake or misalignment measuring device, which is a linear sensor. 8. The structure according to claim 3, 4 or 5,
The reference sign is a protrusion or dent carved from the axle,
A sensor is a switch that detects the protrusion or the depression and opens / closes and outputs an opening / closing signal, and a shake or misalignment measuring method, or a shake or misalignment measuring device. 9. The method according to claim 3, 4 or 5,
The reference mark is an optically identifiable mark provided on the axle, and the sensor is an optical sensor that optically captures this mark and outputs an electric signal. Or misalignment measuring device.