JPH05247886A - Cationic polymer-modified filler material, its production and use thereof in papermaking - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a cationic polymer-modified filler material for papermaking, or the like, surface-treated with a cationic polymer cationized by treating a dimer of ketene with a polyamino-amide, or the like, reacted with an epihalohydrin to form a tertiary and a quaternary amines and effective by a small amount. CONSTITUTION: A cationic polymer in an amount of 0.1-10.0 wt.%, which is a ketene dimer of the formula [R is a hydrocarbon group such as a >=3C alkyl, a >=6C cycloalkyl, an aryl, an aralkyl or an alkaryl] which has been made cationic by treatment with at least one of a polyamino-amide and a polyamine polymer, both of which have been reacted with an epoxidized halohydrin compound, to form a tertiary and a quaternary amine groups on the dimer surface is added to a filler slurry containing about 1-76% solid of natural calcium carbonate, clay, titanium dioxide, lubricant, or the like, and the slurry is kept at about 5-70 deg.C and pH<10 under stirring to provide the objective filler material for papermaking improved in its performance by surface treatment with the cationic polymer.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to the field of surface-treated inorganic compounds. More particularly, the present invention provides a composition suitable for use as a papermaking filler, wherein the inorganic base filler is surface treated with a substance that increases the performance of the filler in the papermaking process. There is. The invention also relates to a method for improving the papermaking process, in particular by reducing the need for sizing, and for improving the properties of the paper produced according to this process.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The proper internal size of alkaline paper is an important issue for most papermakers. The early development of cellulose-reactive sizing resulted in difficult size control with excess sizing, resulting in increased wet end deposits, press stripping, and paper surface rubbing. The coefficient problem has come up.
Further problems arise, mainly due to overuse of the sizing agent. These problems are caused by the high surface area materials found in the wet end (eg, packing powder and fines) that adsorb the sizing agent and render it ineffective.

The purpose of the internal size is to provide the sheet with resistance to liquid penetration. In addition to the porosity of the sheet (which is controlled by the size press), the internal size controls the migration of the binder when coating the base material, as well as the ink penetration when printing and writing on paper. To control. The size of alkaline paper using cellulose-reactive sizing or "synthetic sizing" has been established for over 30 years. Two sizing agents currently in commercial use, alkyl ketone dimers (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), are sized into sheets by a chemical reaction (covalent bond) with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers. Is given.

Unused fillers commonly used (eg,
Clay, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate) are all known to have deleterious effects on size. Studies of alkaline papers filled with various types of calcium carbonate have been carried out by investigating the specific surface area of fillers and Hercules.
A strong inverse correlation was revealed between the internal size values in the sheets measured by the size test (HST). In situations where it is advantageous to increase the filler content, related size issues arise, which can affect sheet quality,
The performance of the machine and the runnability were affected.

[0005]

A specially modified precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler that can be synthesized in an on-site PCC plant makes the filled sheet size more economical and effective. Has been developed for.
The laboratory results show that by using a chemically modified, cationic polymer surface treated PCC filler, the amount of sizing can be reduced by half,
At the same time, it improves other properties as well.

The addition of certain cationic resin materials to calcium carbonate, a papermaking filler such as natural or precipitated calcium carbonate from finely ground limestone, greatly increases the performance of the filler. result,
It has been discovered that substantially less wet end sizing needs to be added, resulting in papers with excellent opacity and tensile strength properties.

FIG. 1 shows a Hercules (He) for a handsheet containing a modified filler and an unmodified filler.
is a plot of size measurements versus filler content.

FIG. 2 is a plot of water absorption versus filler content measured by the Cobb size test for handsheets containing modified and unmodified filler.

FIG. 3 is a plot of Hercules size measurements versus filler content for handsheets containing various polymer treatment levels of modified filler.

FIG. 4 is a plot of Hercules size measurements versus filler content for handsheets containing modified and unmodified filler at different sizing levels.

FIG. 5 is a plot of sheet opacity versus filler content for handsheets containing modified and unmodified filler.

FIG. 6 is a plot of sheet opacity versus sheet tensile strength for handsheets containing modified and unmodified filler.

FIG. 7 is a plot of sheet whiteness versus filler content for handsheets containing modified and unmodified filler.

FIG. 8 is for a sheet containing modified filler and unmodified filler made on a pilot paper machine,
Figure 9 is a plot of Hercules size measurements versus filler content.

FIG. 9 shows a sheet made with a pilot paper machine containing modified filler and unmodified filler,
3 is a plot of water absorption versus filler content measured by the Cobb size test.

FIG. 10 is a plot of corrected sheet opacity versus filler content for sheets containing modified and unmodified filler made on a pilot paper machine.

FIG. 11 shows comparative photomicrographs illustrating the distribution of filler on sheets made with a pilot paper machine and containing modified and unmodified filler.

FIG. 12 represents a three-dimensional plot of Hercules size measurements versus treatment temperature and percent cationic polymer treatment level at 8% filler level in handsheets.

FIG. 13 represents a three-dimensional plot of Hercules size measurements versus treatment temperature and percent cationic polymer treatment level at a 16% filler level in handsheets.

FIG. 14 represents a three-dimensional plot of Hercules size measurements versus treatment temperature and percent cationic polymer treatment level at 24% filler level in handsheets.

Cationic polymers found to be most effective for surface treating papermaking fillers have the general formula:

[0022]

Wherein R is a carbon atom selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having at least 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having at least 6 carbon atoms, aryl groups, aralkyl groups and alkaryl groups. Is a hydrogen group) is a dimer. Specific dimers include octyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl-, octadecyl-, eicosyl-, docosyl-, tetracosyl-, phenyl-, benzyl-betanaphthyl-, and cyclohexyl-, dimers. Is. Other available dimers are mineral acids, naphthenic acids, delta-9,
10-decylenic acid, delta-9,10-dodecylenic acid,
Dimers produced from palmitric acid, oleic acid, lysine oleic acid, linoleate, linoleic acid, and olestearic acid, as well as palm oil, babassu oil, palm seed oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, beef tallow. And lard, and various mixtures of the above, dimers made from natural fatty acids.

The polymer is treated by treating the dimer with a polyamino-amide and / or polyamine polymer reacted with an epoxidized halohydrin compound such as epichlorohydrin, whereby a dimer is coated on the surface of the dimer. The formation of tertiary and quaternary amine groups results in a cationic character. The cationic charge of the dimer is preferably derived primarily from quaternary amine groups. This type of polymeric material is commercially available under the tradename Hercon from Wilmington, Del., Hercules, I.
nc. ) And is commercially available. The use of about 0.1% to 10.0% by weight of the cationic polymeric material relative to the filler reduces the need for the addition of wet end sizing agents and the optical properties of the paper obtained using the filler. It has been discovered that the performance of the filler is enhanced in terms of improvements in the physical and physical properties, especially opacity, filler distribution in the Z-direction and tensile strength.
In the case of using clay as the filler, surface treating the filler with about 1.0 to about 2.0 weight percent of a cationic polymeric material of the type described above results in substantially reduced size. It has been found to be effective in producing a filler clay with a drug requirement.

Surface treatment of PCC fillers with about 0.25 to about 2.0 weight percent cationic polymeric material of the type described above also results in fillers having substantially reduced sizing requirements. It was also found to be effective in generating

Other fillers, such as titanium dioxide, talc and silica / silicate pigments, which have a detrimental effect on size if used untreated, are cationic polymeric materials of the type described above in accordance with the invention. It is available when processed.

For all types of fillers, it has been found that the amount of cationic polymer required to be added to the filler-containing slurry is directly related to the surface area of the filler.

In addition, it has been discovered that the temperature at which the filler is treated with the cationic polymer is also an important parameter in determining the extent to which the sizing requirements of the polymer treated filler are reduced. ..

Generally, the treatment of the aqueous slurry containing the filler with the cationic polymer is carried out at a temperature of about 5 to 70 ° C. The preferred processing temperature range is about 20 to 30 ° C, and the most preferred processing temperature is about 25 ° C.

Furthermore, it has been discovered that the pH of the aqueous slurry containing the filler affects the processing. The slurry should not have a pH greater than 10 at the time of processing. The filler treated with the cationic polymer was also subsequently stored at a pH no greater than 10 to give about 1
The decomposition of the cationic polymer coating that occurs at pH greater than 0 must be prevented.

The nature and scope of the present invention will be more fully understood by the following non-limiting examples which demonstrate the effectiveness of cationic polymer modified fillers.

[0032]

EXAMPLES Example 1 Handsheets containing modified and unmodified fillers
Manufacturing and comparative tests for comparison Formax [Noble (N
and) Wood] Hand sheet (60 g / m ² or 40 lbs./3300 ft ² ).
400 Canadian standard freeness at pH 7.0 in distilled water [Canadian Standard Frecne
ss (CSF)] beaten to 75% exposed hardwood and 25% exposed softwood kraft pulp. A high molecular weight, medium charge density cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) fixing aid was used at 0.05%. Synthetic size (AKD or ASA) 0.10
% To 0.30%. Several fillers were used, including PCC fillers modified with various polymers to test the effect of polymer treatment on unmodified PCC and finely ground limestone (FGL). The filler is
The composition was added to the composition at 20% solids to achieve 8%, 16%, 24% and 40% filler in the finished sheet. In addition, blanks containing no filler were manufactured and tested. Distilled water was used throughout this handsheet method. The sheet is conditioned at 50% RH and 23 ° C,
Gram, Percent Filler, HST, Cob
b) Scattering coefficients tested for size, opacity, whiteness, thickness, tensile strength, and porosity are given as appropriate reflectance values and Kubelka-Munk.
It was determined using the equation. Elemental mapping of the filler distribution in the sheet, both in the XY plane and in the Z-direction plane, is accomplished by scanning electron microscopy (SE) with elemental analysis capabilities.
M).

The size values (HST and Cobb) for the sheets filled with the modified PCC filler are significantly improved, the higher the level of polymer on the PCC, the lower the size required filler (eg FGL). 10% of all
Greater load levels give significantly better sizes (Figures 1, 2, and 3). The comparative sheet is 0.
When 5 weight percent of the cationic polymer treated PCC filler was used, it could be made with one third less sizing (Figure 4) and, as the graph shows,
PC treated with 1.0 weight percent cationic polymer
With the C filler, less sizing was needed. Table I also shows the effectiveness of polymer treatment of the filler.

[0034]

A second advantage derived from the modified filler was to increase opacity by a factor of 2 without subsequent loss of tensile strength or sheet whiteness (FIGS. 5, 6, 6). And 7). The increased opacity without loss of strength or whiteness is believed to be primarily due to a substantial increase in the cationic charge of the modified filler particles. Increasing the cation charge on these particles will cause them to be more uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the fibers and less so between the intersections of the fibers. Scanning electron micrographs showed a better distribution of filler in the sheet versus the modified PCC filler, which favors improved optical performance.
Table II shows the relationship between the specific surface area of the filler and the polymer treatment level for size values.

[0036]

High surface area requires more polymer to cover the surface and provide improved size. Unexpectedly, as filler levels increase in the sheet, size values continue to rise for all but the highest surface area fillers. This indicates that the treatment method of the present invention allows increased size to be retained by the use of higher filler levels in the sheet. This condition cannot be achieved by the use of untreated filler.

Example 2 Evaluation of Modified PCC Filler for Fixation and Drainage A vacuum drainage jar apparatus was used to measure the fixation and drainage properties of the filler under conditions similar to a real high speed paper machine. The composition was the same as that used in Example 1 and the fixing aid level was evaluated at 0.05%. The filler was added so that a content of 16% +/- 1.0% was retained in the final pad. The stock (0.5% consistency) was agitated at 750 rpm in a 3-bladed jar. The contents of the jar were automatically placed under a vacuum of 10 kPa during the first drain, followed by a high vacuum (50 kPa) for 5 seconds. The formed pad was weighed, then dried and reweighed to give percent sheet dryness values (these numbers predict the ease with which water will be removed from the sheet). Percent filler retention was calculated from the amount of calcium carbonate in the fiber pad by X-ray fluorescence and the known amount added to the stock.

The runnability of the improved paper machine can be measured in a number of ways. Improved drainage on the wire in addition to increased sheet dryness away from the coach increases machine speed (increased production rate) and / or reduces steam consumption in the dryer (increased profitability). sex)
Provide a paper machine with opportunity. Improved filler fusing without the need to use excessive amounts of fusing aid enhances the quality of the sheet including formation. This also leads to better runnability and economy from a cleaner wet end system. The anchoring and drainage results shown in Table III, using a vacuum drain jar, showed improved first pass filler anchoring for the modified PCC filler.

[0040]

The dryness value of the sheet also depends on the untreated PC.
Improved over the C filler and showed better drainage.
These experiments were performed in the laboratory under precise and well-controlled conditions, however, these results show that
Leading to better wet end control with improved runnability, as shown in Examples 3 and 4 below,
Can be transferred to a paper machine.

Example 3 An actual pilot paper machine, modified filler and unfilled
A comparative test pilot of the composition incorporating both modified fills The pilot machine operation was performed using a pilot scale paper machine. Using the same composition as shown in Examples 1 and 2, 60 g / m ² (40 lbs./3300 ft.
² ) produced sheet. The same cation fixing aid was added to
0125% was used and 0.15% of AKD size was added. Various calcium carbonate fillers (ie untreated commercial PCC, untreated FGL, untreated commercial FGL, to achieve 8%, 16% and 24% filler levels in the sheet).
0.5 and 1.0 weight percent cationic polymer modified PCC) was added.

The paper was tested for the same properties as shown in Example 1.

The filling material is a micromeritics sedigraph (Micromeritics Sedigr).
aph) was determined by gravity settling analysis using 5000D for particle size. Specific surface area was determined by use of BET nitrogen adsorption analysis. Dry whiteness is hunter,
It measured using the Lab scan (Hunter LabScan). The particle charge (zeta potential) is calculated by Coulter DELSA 440.
Was determined using the Doppler laser light scattering method. Filler properties are listed in Table IV.

[0045]

The results from the pilot paper machine confirmed the results from the handsheet study. The size values shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 indicate improved size performance for the modified PCC filler. Hercules
The size test (HST) was not sensitive enough to discriminate between size differences at the lower end, so the Cobb test was used to better ensure their performance. The result of the Cobb size test is accompanied by an increase in the amount of the filler added. Shows a characteristic increase in water absorption for commercial fillers (ie FGL and PCC). When using modified PCC filler,
This increase is virtually eliminated. In addition, the 1.0 weight percent cationic polymer modified PCC filler has virtually the same resistance to water absorption at all filler loading levels as an unfilled sheet with an equal amount of size. give. The print compatibility, assessed by microscopic analysis of midtone dots, shows a significant improvement in ink retention in sheets with modified PCC filler.

There was a one-half point improvement in opacity confirming the laboratory results (FIG. 10). The calcium element mapping of the filler distribution in the sheet (Fig. 11) is
The modified PCC filler showed a better distribution, especially in the Z-direction. Example 4 Both Modified and Unmodified Fillers on Production Paper Machines
A comparative test of the composition incorporating a Ford Linear (Fou running at 2000 fpm
rdrinier) paper machine was used to carry out the mill test. With and without modified PCC filler as part of this composition, 60 g / m (40 lbs./3
A high opacity sheet of 300 ft) was run. The modified PCC filler was treated with 1.5 weight percent cationic polymer. An anion fixing aid was used with the ASA size. Both additives were kept constant during the test. Throughout this test, handbox and white water dish samples were obtained and analyzed for first pass filler and total settlement. The results are shown in Table V.

[0048]

Significant improvements in both filler settling and total settling were realized. The Z-direction distribution of the modified filler throughout the sheet was also greatly improved. A good distribution of the filler means less 2-sidedness of the paper, better directional stability and better printability, in which case there is less whitening and dusting associated (Table V ). A paper sample was tested with a 263% improvement in size (ie 40 seconds vs. 11 seconds) and 4.5% less PCC
(Ie 15.0% vs 15.7%) and 25% less TiO ₂ (0.6% vs 0.8%) showed comparable opacity. A 9% improvement in tensile strength was also realized. The results are shown in Table VI.

[0050]

The loss of size, called "unstable size", was evaluated after 5 weeks (35 days). The results are shown in Table V.
Illustrated in II.

[0052]

The samples showed minimal sizing loss compared to typical commercial fill sheets. The surface friction coefficient of the sheet was also evaluated. The coefficient of friction on the surface of the sheet is an important measure of the runnability of the paper through the high speed electronic copier. The results of this evaluation are shown in Table VIII.

[0054]

The polymer-modified PCC-filled sheet showed a better surface coefficient of friction than the unmodified sheet.

Example 5 At various levels of cationic polymer treatment and filler addition.
Effect of Filler Treatment Temperature on Reducing Sizing Requirement of Pesticide Handsheet studies were conducted to reduce sizing demand in handsheets using fillers treated with cationic polymers. The effect of filler treatment temperature, ie the temperature at which the cationic polymer was applied to the filler, was evaluated.
The treatment was carried out at a temperature in the range 25-65 ° C. The processing was carried out at a cationic polymer level of 0 to 1.25 weight percent. The cationic polymer used was the alkyl ketene dimer Hercon-85 [Hercules Company, Wilmington, Del.
ercules, Inc. )〕Met. The filler is precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) [New York, Albucar H.O., Pfizer (Albacar H
O, Pfizer, Inc. )〕Met. Filler additions in handsheets were made at several levels from 8 to 24 weight percent of the treated filler.

As shown in Table IX, in addition to the untreated control sample, four treatment levels (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 wt%) and five treatment temperatures (25, 25 Three
5, 45, 55 and 65 ° C.) were used for 20 separate surface treatments.

[0058]

All treatments were carried out using a low shear mixing time of 10 minutes for each sample. After holding at high temperature for approximately 4 hours, the sample was allowed to cool.

Distilled water, pH 7.0, consistency 0.312
5%, Canadian Standard Freeness (Canadian St
and nd Freeness (CSF) 400 ±
75% exposed hardwood and 25, beaten to 25
% Of a composition blend consisting of bleached softwood kraft pulp,
Formax (Noble and Wood) Handsheet for Comparison (Formax) (60 g / m ² or 40 lbs./3300)
ft ² ) was produced. Additional wet end additives include alkyl ketene dimer sizing [Hercon-75, in an amount of 0.25 wt% (5 lb / ton of paper).
Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.] And 0.05%
An amount of (1 lb / ton of paper) cationic polycaprylamide fixing aid [Percol-175] was included. All sheets are standard TAPPI conditions 5
Tested conditioned to 0% relative humidity and 23 ° C.

The properties of the papers tested were size, opacity pigment scattering coefficient and sheet whiteness. Hercules size test (Hercules, S
It was tested according to the size test. Reported values are in seconds. Opacity was tested by TAPPI. Reported values are corrected opacity,%. Sheet whiteness was tested by the TAPPI test. Reported values are whiteness,%. The results are reported in Table X.

[0062]

[0063]

[0064]

The results show that the HST value is directly proportional to the filler treatment level, that is, the higher the treatment level, the higher the HST reaction, and inversely proportional to the treatment temperature, that is, the higher the slurry treatment temperature, the higher the HST value. It shows that the reaction becomes low. Thus, the highest size values (maximum size requirement reduction) occur at high and low processing temperatures, while relatively low size reductions occur at low and high processing temperatures. However, the magnitude of this effect varies considerably with the filler level in the handsheet. This is shown in FIGS.
And 14 are shown. In FIG. 12, at the 8% filler level, the effect of both processing level and processing temperature on HST is minimal, with HST values ranging from low temperature 193 seconds to high 237 seconds. In FIG. 13, 1
At the 6% filling level, the effect is even more pronounced.
The range of values is 35 to 392 seconds. Finally, as can be seen in FIG. 14, at the 24% filler level, a significant effect was seen, with HST values ranging from 2 to 313 seconds, from low treatment level to high treatment level and at high treatment temperature. Very steep changes occur from to low processing temperature. However, treatment level is a more sensitive variable than treatment temperature, as small changes in treatment level result in more severe HST shifts than small changes in temperature.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plot of Hercules size values versus filler content for handsheets containing filler.

FIG. 2 is a plot of water absorption versus filler content for a handsheet containing filler.

FIG. 3 is a plot of Hercules size values versus filler content for handsheets containing polymer-treated modified filler.

FIG. 4 is a plot of Hercules size values versus filler content for handsheets containing various size levels of filler.

FIG. 5 is a plot of sheet opacity versus filler content for a handsheet containing filler.

FIG. 6 is a plot of sheet opacity versus sheet tensile strength for handsheets containing filler.

FIG. 7 is a plot of sheet brightness versus filler content for handsheets containing filler.

FIG. 8 is a plot of Hercules size values versus filler content for filler-containing sheets made on a pilot paper machine.

FIG. 9 is a plot of water absorption versus filler content for a filler-containing sheet made on a pilot paper machine.

FIG. 10 is a plot of corrected sheet opacity versus filler content for a filler-containing sheet made on a pilot paper machine.

FIG. 11 is a comparative micrograph showing filler distribution for a filler-containing sheet made with a pilot paper machine.

FIG. 12 is a three-dimensional plot of Hercules size values versus treatment temperature and percent cationic polymer treatment level at 8% filler level in handsheets.

FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional plot of Hercules size values versus treatment temperature and percent cationic polymer treatment level at 16% filler level in handsheets.

FIG. 14 is a three-dimensional plot of Hercules size values versus treatment temperature and percent cationic polymer treatment level at 24% filler level in handsheets.

[Explanation of symbols]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location D21H 17/03 17/55 7199-3B D21H 3/58

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. Natural from finely ground limestone wherein the papermaking filler is surface treated with about 0.1 to about 10.0 weight percent cationic polymer, based on the dry weight of the filler. Selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, clay, titanium dioxide, talc, silica / silicate pigments, and various combinations of the above materials, wherein the cationic polymer is of the general formula (Wherein R is a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having at least 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group and an alkaryl group. Of the polyamine-amide and the polyamine polymer reacted with the epoxidized halohydrin compound to treat the tertiary and quaternary amines on the surface of the dimer. A composition characterized in that it is made cationic by forming groups. 2. The dimer is octyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl-, octadecyl-, eicosyl-, docosyl-, tetracosyl-, phenyl-, benzyl-beta-naphthyl-, and cyclohexyl-di-. Selected from the group consisting of: monomers, mineral acids, naphthenic acids, delta-9,10-decylenic acid, delta-
Produced from 9,10-dodecylenic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, lysine oleic acid, linoleate, linoleic acid, and olestearic acid; and coconut oil,
Characterized in that it is made from natural fatty acid mixtures such as babassu oil, palm seed oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, beef tallow and lard, and those obtained from various mixtures of the above. The composition according to 1. 3. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the epoxidized halohydrin is epichlorohydrin. 4. The general formula (Wherein R is a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having at least 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group and an alkaryl group. ) Dimers of cations by treatment with at least one of a polyamino-amide and a polyamine polymer reacted with an epoxidized halohydrin compound to form tertiary and quaternary amines on the dimer surface. About 0.1 to about 10.0 weight percent of the cationic polymer,
It is added to a filler slurry containing about 1% to about 76% solids, while the slurry is agitated to improve the performance of the filler at a temperature of about 5 ° C to about 70 ° C.
A method for producing a papermaking filler surface-treated with a cationic polymer, which is characterized by holding at 0 ° C and a pH of less than about 10. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the amount of polymer added to the slurry is directly related to the surface area of the filler. 6. Reducing the amount of sizing required, maintaining the sizing content over time, improving the handleability of the formed paper web with water release, filler fixing, filler. Improving the physical properties of the resulting paper, including distribution, tensile strength, and coefficient of surface friction, and including whiteness, opacity and pigment scattering coefficient,
A method of improving papermaking by achieving at least one of the achievements of improving the optical properties of the resulting paper, the method comprising: (Wherein R is a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having at least 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group and an alkaryl group. ), A cation by treating at least one of a polyamino-amide and a polyamine polymer reacted with an epoxidized halohydrin compound to form tertiary and quaternary amine groups on the surface of the dimer. A surface-treated filler having a cationic polymer of about 0.1 to about 10.0 weight percent based on the dry weight of the filler,
A method comprising adding about 5 to about 50 weight percent to the papermaking composition.