JPH0524778B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electrosurgical scalpel, and more particularly to an electrosurgical scalpel whose blade vibrates at a predetermined amplitude and frequency during use. The present invention relates to an electrosurgical scalpel for electrosurgical and electrocautery procedures that provides different modes of operation, including a blade function, and which prevents the adhesion of biological debris by hollowing the blade surface.

[Conventional technology]

Various prior art electrosurgical and electrocautery scalpels require special materials for the blade or are primarily decorative, non-functional, and have structures that require significant drive voltages that often result in excessive tissue damage. It was less effective in that it included combinations of things.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Some of the prior art devices fail to properly couple their blade members to their voltage source;
likely to be invalidated.

Other types of prior art blades utilize highly precise and complex electrical circuits in conjunction with standard blades to ultimately achieve the desired result of an effective surgical blade that can operate in more than one mode. I couldn't do it.

One of the most severe problems with the prior art is that charred tissue and blood adhere to the blade and shoot the two conductors, thus rendering the blade unusable as an electrosurgical device.

The present invention utilizes current state-of-the-art semiconductor mask technology to provide an electrosurgical and electrocautery scalpel designed to function as a standard surgical blade or electrocautery. The invention also provides a scalpel that includes a capacitive blade. One important feature of the present invention is the coupling of elements, such as piezoelectric ceramics, to the surgical blade to cause the blade to vibrate, creating a cavity effect that continually cleans the blade during use.

The general object of the present invention is that it can be utilized as a standard surgical cutting blade with a sharp edge when no power is applied to it, and when a high voltage is applied between the conductive surfaces to create an electrical discharge for cutting and cauterizing tissue. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrocautery/surgical scalpel that can be used as an electrosurgical scalpel, and as a low voltage cautery device in cases where I ² R loss causes the scalpel to generate heat to cauterize tissue.

Another primary object of the present invention is to provide an electrosurgical scalpel that utilizes a capacitive blade in which two conductors are separated by an insulator and are driven by alternating current.

Regardless of the particular blade type, the present invention includes piezoelectric ceramic or similar transducing elements that create vibrations in the blade sufficient to create a cavity effect, thereby preventing tissue debris from adhering to the blade. . The transducer may be attached to the blade member or placed in the handle member in tight contact with the blade to cause the blade to vibrate while creating a cavity effect at the tissue-to-blade interface.

[Means for solving problems]

One embodiment of the invention is a conductive base of conductive material, such as stainless steel, said base member being shaped like a scalpel with a pointed edge and a blade. A layer of insulating material placed on opposite sides, a second layer of conductive material deposited on top of the insulating material, and a mask, laser machining, and chemical action to form a conductive interdigital electrode on the opposite side of the blade. a plurality of gap shapes exiting through the second conductive layer formed by semiconductor techniques including electrode discharge machining (EDM), electron beam drilling, ion milling, or sandblasting with abrasion; An electrosurgical scalpel is provided that includes: Another embodiment of the invention includes opposed gap on the opposing surfaces of the blade, staggered gaps on the opposing surface of the blade, and a Sanderch-style alternating structure of holes and gaps that partially span from the second conductive portion of the blade to the first conductive portion of the blade. Contains.

Another alternative embodiment of the invention includes a conductive blade, a thick insulation layer extending across the conductive blade except for a predetermined sharp cutting edge of the blade, and a thick insulation layer slightly offset from the edge of the thick insulation. It includes a narrow conductor, such as a placed metal strip, and a final thinner insulating layer covering the narrow conductor, whereby the narrow conductor and the underlying blade conductor have a capacitive effect that bioelectrically destroys the muscle. Includes an electrosurgical scalpel.

An electro-mechanical transducer, such as a piezoelectric ceramic, such as barium titanate, is attached to or mechanically coupled to the surgical blade to vibrate the blade to create a cavity effect.

One important aspect and feature of the present invention is that the electrocautery/surgical blade can be utilized in multiple modes, including a standard surgical blade or electrosurgical scalpel mode, or a mode in which the scalpel is heated during cauterization. It's female.

Another important aspect and feature of the present invention is an electrosurgical scalpel that utilizes the current state of the art in making the blade at minimal cost, thereby making the blade disposable.

Another important aspect and feature of the invention is 2.
This is an electrocautery/surgical scalpel that utilizes the capacitance relationship between individual conductors.

A primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved electrocautery/surgical scalpel.

Another purpose is electrocautery using ultrasonic vibrations/
The purpose is to provide surgical scalpels.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a surgical scalpel that is disposable and manufactured using current state-of-the-art semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing processes.

Another object of the invention is that one conductor is insulated from the blade conductor, and the blade conductor includes two sharp edges.
A surgical scalpel that utilizes capacitive effects by isolating individual conductors.

Yet another object of the present invention utilizes an electro-mechanical transducer that vibrates the blade at a predetermined amplitude and frequency at any time during a surgical procedure, thereby preventing debris buildup on the surgical blade. That's true.

Other objects and many advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like parts are designated by like reference numerals.

〔Example〕

Figure 1 shows a conductive table 1 made of stainless steel or the like that can be polished or sharpened up to sharp cutting edges.
2 shows a cross-sectional view of a blade portion 10 of an electrocautery/surgical instrument including 2. FIG. Stainless steel is particularly suitable for surgery because it retains sharp edges, is easy to work with from a processing and manufacturing standpoint, and is a surgically and medically approved material by the Food and Drug Administration. be. Insulating layer 14 is deposited on both sides of conductive platform 12 by methods known in the art. A second conductive material 16 is deposited over the insulating layer 14 in a predetermined pattern. A plurality of gaps of predetermined height and width are made along the edge. sand blast,
Laser machining, chemical etching, electrical discharge machining (EDN), electron beam drilling, ion cutting (ion
Processes such as milling, polishing, etc. can be used to form the comb-shaped conductive electrodes, with the gaps facing the insulating material between the teeth. Subsequently, sharp cutting edges are polished on the conductive table 12.
The blade can take any predetermined shape, including a pointed tip, a rounded tip as in FIG. 1, or any other shape depending on the type of surgery and the surgeon's choice. be able to.

FIG. 2 shows a view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1, with all numbers corresponding to the aforementioned elements.
Although this figure shows opposing comb teeth and gap, these are not necessarily opposed and could be staggered. Such opposing gaps are merely an illustrative example and are not intended to limit the invention.

FIG. 3 shows an end view of FIG.

FIG. 4 shows electrosurgical blade 10 mounted on a retainer and connected to surgical power source 20 by surgical power cord 22 and line cord 24. FIG. Surgical power supply 20 can operate in three modes 26, 28 and 30. The first mode is the standard surgical blade mode 26 in which no power is applied to the blade. Second
The mode is electrocautery mode 28 in which high voltage is applied between the conductive members creating a slight electrical discharge for cutting and cauterization. The third mode uses cauterizing heat.
Refers to the low voltage applied between conductive elements created by I ² R losses.

FIG. 5 has a non-conductive insulating support part 102,
working edges 10 arranged in the form of opposing matrices;
first conductors 10 electrically connected to each other across 8;
4 and a second conductor 106. FIG. Conductors 104 and 106 are comb-shaped, with teeth extending over respective opposite sides of insulating support 102;
The extension is combined with the teeth on that side. Certain tips of the cutting edge are ground to a sharp point 108.

FIG. 6 shows poles 104a-104n of a particular structure,
106a-106n and the bottom view of FIG. 5 showing the insulating material 102. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 5, with all numbers corresponding to the elements previously described.

FIG. 8 shows a conductive base 202, an insulating layer 204, and a second conductive material 2 deposited on the insulating layer 204.
06 shows a cross-sectional view of an electrocautery surgical blade including a plurality of holes 208 through a material 206 and an insulating layer 204 and through a conductive platform 202. Holes 208a-20
8n serves to distribute the current in a predetermined and desired manner.

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 8 in which all numbers correspond to the previously described elements.

FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line 10--10 of FIG. 9, where all numbers correspond to the previously described elements.

FIG. 11 includes a conductive platform 302, an insulating layer 304, and a second conductive material 306 attached to the insulating layer 304, and as also shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. Segments 308 and gaps 31 alternating therebetween
0 shows a cross-sectional view of an electrosurgical blade 303, including 0.

FIG. 13 shows a view taken along line 13--13 of FIG. 11, with all numbers corresponding to the previously described elements.

The electrocautery/electrosurgical scalpel is connected to an electrical power source that provides power for three modes of operation: as a standard surgical blade;
Mode of operation as an electrosurgical scalpel, where high voltage is applied between the conductive layers and a synthetic discharge arc is used for cutting and cauterization, or the heat for cauterization is ^I2R
This is the mode of operation in which low pressure created by loss is applied.

The insulating material may be ceramic, glass or other non-conductive material. The conductive material can be silver, gold, aluminum, etc. deposited or plated and photoetched onto the insulating non-conductive material. The conductive table must be a highly conductive material that can be sharpened down to narrow, sharp edges. Additionally, non-conductive insulating materials that carry photoetched or vapor-deposited metals to the edges, such as glass or ceramics, have a photo-etched or vapor-deposited metal on their top surface.
Particularly desirable in this group of disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 14 shows a side view of a capacitive electrocautery surgical blade including a blade conductor 400 with a sharp cutting edge 402 formed on its working edge. The right end of the blade as viewed in FIG. 14 serves as the first electrical contact pad 401.
A thick insulator 404, such as 0.005" to 0.015" thick, is formed on the top surface of the blade conductor 400, as best shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. A narrow conductor 406 having a thickness in the range of 0.254 mm to 0.762 mm (0.01″ to 0.03″) and a predetermined width is slightly offset over the bottom edge of the thick insulator 404 and It is parallel to the passing blade conductor 400. A narrow conductor 406 surrounds the upper front edge of the blade, with its end positioned at a second contact pad 408 separated from pad 401 as shown in FIG. Predetermined thickness 0.0254mm~0.0508
A thin insulator 405 of 0.001" to 0.002" is formed on top of the narrow conductor 406, subsequently on top of the insulator 404, and offset slightly below the bottom edge of the thick insulator 404. Contact pads 401 and 408 contact the blade to a current source that applies a capacitive charge across the thick blade conductor 400, insulator 404, and thin narrow conductor 406, thereby bringing the blade into contact with the muscle during surgery. When this happens, it causes dielectric breakdown. The blade is mounted in a blade holder as shown in FIG. The blade retainer may include a compression screw or the like that clamps around the blade and provides electrical contact to the contact pad.

FIG. 16 shows a top view of a capacitive electrocautery blade 400 in which all numbers correspond to the elements described above. An electro-mechanical transducer, such as an ultrasonic transducer 420, is attached to the blade and converts the AC power source to the transducer 420.
It includes two contact pads 422 and 424 that provide power to the contacts. Contact pad 424 is electrically and mechanically connected to contact pad 401. Transducer 420 oscillates at a frequency determined by the power source and with an amplitude that produces a cavity effect at a selected frequency. The high frequency vibration of the blade prevents debris from adhering to the blade 400 during surgical procedures. converter 4
20 may be independently powered or powered by the same power source used to energize the blades.

FIG. 17 shows a sharp edge 520, a first contact pad area 504, and a cutting blade 502 on a conductive platform.
a layer of insulating layer 506 exposing layer 506;
5 shows a top view of a resistive electrocautery blade 500 including a wrapped metal surface 508 including a second contact pad 510 attached or attached thereto. The resistive blade is similar to the blade types previously described in FIGS. 1-13. Transducing element 520, which includes contact points 522 and 524, is connected to contact surface 50.
It is installed in close contact with 4. Contact point 524 is mechanically and electrically connected to contact pad 504. The operation of the blade of FIG. 17 in vibration mode is the same as that of FIGS. 14 to 16.

FIG. 18 shows a plan view of a blade holder with a vibration transducer element according to another embodiment of the invention.
Blade holder 600 includes a slot 602 that passes through the front of the handle and exits upwardly from the lower edge of the handle and enters the handle as also shown in FIG. Piezoelectric transducer 6
A cavity 604 for the 06 is also provided, so that it is placed next to the surgical blade, all of which will be explained in detail later. When the transducer 606 is mechanically pushed toward the surgical blade, the surgical blade is caused to oscillate transversely to the longitudinal axis of the blade during a power-on condition. Alternatively, a cavity receiving the surgical blade is created with a transducer permanently affixed to the surgical blade. Of course, suitable electrical contact pads must then be provided to drive the ultrasound transducer.

Blade holder 600 also includes two contact pads 608 and 610 that contact the surgical blade so that power can be selectively applied to both the blade and transducer 606. Screws 612 and 614 and wing nuts 616 and 618 push blade holder 6 against slit 602.
20 and 622 and hold the surgical blade in a frictional fit within the retainer 600.

A power supply 624, including three power cables 620a-620c, powers the surgical blade as well as the transducer. The power cable includes a common power supply 620a, a transducer wire 620b, and a surgical blade power wire 620c. Power supply 624 is switched and activated as needed, and connects transducer waveform source 626a, switching device 626b and blade waveform source 628.
a and a switching device 628b.

The invention is described in detail herein to comply with patent law and to provide those skilled in the art with the information necessary to apply the new principles and make and use the specialized components required. It was done. It goes without saying, however, that the invention can be carried out with clearly different equipment and devices, and that various modifications both with regard to equipment details and operating procedures may be effected without departing from the scope of the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrocautery/surgical scalpel;
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 1; and FIG. 4 is connected to a surgical power source. FIG. 5 is a folded view of another embodiment of the electrocautery/surgical scalpel; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 5; FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the surgical blade; FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9 of FIG. -9; FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is another cross-sectional view of another embodiment; The figure is line 1 in Figure 11.
13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 13-13 of FIG. 11; FIG. 14 is a plan view of the capacitive scalpel;
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15-15 of FIG. 14; FIG. 16 is a plan view of a capacitive scalpel with an ultrasonic transducer; and FIG. 17 is a resistor with an ultrasonic transducer. FIG. 18 is a plan view of the holder with the ultrasonic transducer; FIG. 19 is a view taken along line 19--19 of FIG. 18; 10...Blade; 12...Base member; 14...Insulating material; 1
6... Conductive material; 20... Surgical power source, 222, 24...
code.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A scalpel for non-electrical materials, comprising: (a) a blade holder; (b) a conductive blade member having a sharp tip and attached to the blade holder; and (c) the above-mentioned. a first insulating layer covering the conductive blade member except for the pointed tip; (d) disposed adjacent to the first insulating layer proximate the pointed tip and on the first insulating layer; (e) a second insulating layer covering said conductive strip except for said conductive pad area; (f) said conductive blade member and said conductive pad area; (g) means for vibrating the blade member at a frequency and amplitude that prevents attachment of tissue debris to the electrosurgical scalpel during cauterization of tissue; Surgical scalpel. 2. The electrosurgical scalpel according to claim 1, wherein the means for vibrating the electrosurgical scalpel comprises a piezoelectric transducer. 3. The electrosurgical scalpel of claim 2, wherein the means for vibrating the electrosurgical scalpel comprises a barium titanate piezoelectric transducer. 4. The electrosurgical scalpel according to claim 1, wherein the vibrating means is directly attached to the conductive blade member. 5. The electrosurgical scalpel according to claim 1, wherein the vibrating means vibrates the conductive blade member in the transverse axis direction of the conductive blade member. 6 The above first insulating layer is 0.0127cm to 0.381cm
The electrosurgical scalpel of claim 1 having a thickness within the range of (0.005 inch to 0.15 inch). 7 The above conductive strip is from 0.0254cm to 0.0762cm
The electrosurgical scalpel of claim 1 having a thickness within the range of (0.01 inch to 0.03 inch). 8 The second insulating layer is 0.00254cm to 0.006096cm.
The electrosurgical scalpel of claim 1 having a thickness within the range of 0.001 inch to 0.0024 inch.