JPH0524494A - Impact absorbing device - Google Patents
Impact absorbing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0524494A JPH0524494A JP18745791A JP18745791A JPH0524494A JP H0524494 A JPH0524494 A JP H0524494A JP 18745791 A JP18745791 A JP 18745791A JP 18745791 A JP18745791 A JP 18745791A JP H0524494 A JPH0524494 A JP H0524494A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- shock absorbing
- absorbing device
- bag
- shape
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/23—Inflatable members
- B60R21/235—Inflatable members characterised by their material
- B60R2021/23504—Inflatable members characterised by their material characterised by material
- B60R2021/23528—Metal
Landscapes
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、自動車の衝突時にバ
ッグを膨脹させて乗員に加わる衝撃を吸収する衝撃吸収
装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shock absorbing device for inflating a bag and absorbing a shock applied to an occupant in the event of an automobile collision.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、自動車のエアバック装置に使用さ
れているインフレータは、図４に示すように、外壁にガ
ス放出孔２２を設けたケース２１内に、アジ化アルカリ
金属と金属酸化物の混合物からなるガス発生剤２３と、
点火装置２４を収納し、その点火装置２４を、火薬等の
爆発力のある物質から成る点火用薬剤２５と、衝撃の検
出信号によって作動するイグナイタ２６とから形成した
構造となっており、イグナイタ２６により点火用薬剤２
５を点火し、その爆発的な熱エネルギーによりガス発生
剤２３を燃焼させてガスを発生させるようにしている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 4, an inflator used in an air bag system for an automobile has a case 21 having a gas release hole 22 formed in an outer wall thereof and containing an alkali metal azide and a metal oxide. A gas generating agent 23 composed of a mixture,
The ignition device 24 is housed, and the ignition device 24 is formed of an ignition agent 25 made of explosive substance such as explosive and an igniter 26 which is activated by an impact detection signal. Ignition agent 2
5 is ignited, and the explosive heat energy burns the gas generating agent 23 to generate gas.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、このように点
火用薬剤２５に用いられる爆発性物質は、取扱いが危険
なために、その保管や組付け作業の際の安全性に問題が
ある。また、自動車に装着した状態では、誰れにでも爆
発性物質を手に入れられる可能性があるため、その防護
が大きな問題となる。However, since the explosive substance used for the ignition chemical 25 is dangerous to handle, there is a problem in safety during storage and assembling work. In addition, since there is a possibility that anyone can get the explosive substance when it is attached to the automobile, the protection thereof is a big problem.
【０００４】また、従来のアジ化アルカリ金属を用いた
ガス発生剤２３は、４ＮａＮ3 ＋Ｏ2 →２Ｎａ2 Ｏ＋６
Ｎ2 の反応式によって窒素ガスを発生させるが、副生成
物であるＮａ2 Ｏが人体に対して極めて有害な特性があ
り、これがエアバッグ等から外部に流出すると、人体に
害を与える問題がある。The conventional gas generating agent 23 using an alkali metal azide is 4NaN 3 + O 2 → 2Na 2 O + 6.
Nitrogen gas is generated according to the reaction formula of N 2 , but Na 2 O, which is a by-product, has a characteristic of being extremely harmful to the human body, and if it leaks to the outside from an airbag or the like, there is a problem that it harms the human body. is there.
【０００５】そこで、この発明は、上記のエアバッグ装
置に代えて、ガスを用いずに機械的にバッグを膨脹させ
て衝撃を有効に吸収することができる装置を提供しよう
とするものである。In view of this, the present invention is intended to provide a device which can replace the above-mentioned airbag device and mechanically inflate the bag without using gas to effectively absorb the impact.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
め、この発明は、熱弾性形マルテンサイト変態を行なう
合金を構造材として膨脹収縮する衝撃吸収バッグを形成
し、その衝撃吸収バッグに、上記合金の形状保持と上記
変態を生じさせる起動手段を連結した構造としたもので
ある。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention forms a shock absorbing bag that expands and contracts using an alloy that undergoes thermoelastic martensitic transformation as a structural material, and the shock absorbing bag is provided with: This structure has a structure in which the shape maintaining of the alloy and the starting means for causing the transformation are connected.
【０００７】上記の合金としては、Ｔｉ−Ｎｉ合金（特
にＮｉを４９〜５１体積％で含むもの）や、Ｃｕ−Ａｌ
−Ｎｉ合金（特にＡｌを１３.8〜１４.5重量％、Ｎｉを
３〜５.2重量％で含むもの）、及びＣｕ−Ｚｎ−Ａｌ合
金（特にＺｎを３５〜４０重量％、Ａｌを１〜９重量％
含むもの）を用いることができる。Examples of the above alloys include Ti-Ni alloys (particularly those containing Ni at 49 to 51% by volume) and Cu-Al.
-Ni alloys (especially those containing 13.8 to 14.5 wt% Al and 3 to 5.2 wt% Ni) and Cu-Zn-Al alloys (especially 35 to 40 wt% Zn and Al 1-9% by weight
Included) can be used.
【０００８】また、上記の起動手段としては、電源と、
通電によって発熱する発熱体とから成るものや、電源
と、通電によって溶融する合金保持部材とから成る構造
のものを用いることができる。Further, as the above-mentioned starting means, a power source,
It is possible to use a structure including a heating element that generates heat when energized, or a structure that includes a power source and an alloy holding member that melts when energized.
【０００９】また、その場合の電源には、電気２重層コ
ンデンサを用いることができる。An electric double layer capacitor can be used as the power supply in that case.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】熱弾性形マルテンサイト変態を行なう合金は、
その変態に伴なって形状記憶特性（変態点より高い温度
での形状を記憶する性質）や、超弾性特性（無負荷状態
の形状を記憶し、応力を除荷することで記憶した形状に
戻る性質）、或いは、その両方の特性を示す。[Operation] Alloys that undergo thermoelastic martensitic transformation are
Along with the transformation, the shape memory characteristic (the characteristic that the shape at a temperature higher than the transformation point is memorized) and the super elastic characteristic (the shape in the unloaded state are memorized and the memorized shape is restored by unloading the stress. Property), or both.
【００１１】この発明では、上記の合金に、衝撃吸収バ
ッグを膨脹させた状態の形状を記憶させ、常温状態又は
応力をかけた状態で合金を変形させてバッグを折り畳ん
だ状態で保持する。その状態から、起動手段による保持
を解くことにより、合金が記憶形状に変形し、バッグを
膨脹させる。この合金の変態は短い時間で起こるため、
衝撃吸収バッグは急激に膨脹する。In the present invention, the shape of the shock absorbing bag in the expanded state is stored in the alloy, and the alloy is deformed at room temperature or under stress to hold the bag in a folded state. By releasing the holding by the activation means from that state, the alloy is deformed into a memory shape and the bag is inflated. Because the transformation of this alloy occurs in a short time,
The shock absorbing bag inflates rapidly.
【００１２】上記合金の変態は、変態温度以上に加熱す
ることにより、又は応力を解くことにより起こる。この
ため、起動手段を、電源と、通電によって発熱する発熱
体とで構成し、衝撃の検出信号によって発熱体に通電し
て合金を変態温度以上に加熱することで、合金に形状記
憶特性を生じさせることができる。Transformation of the above alloy occurs by heating above the transformation temperature or by releasing stress. For this reason, the starting means is composed of a power source and a heating element that generates heat when energized, and the shape-memory characteristic is generated in the alloy by energizing the heating element by an impact detection signal to heat the alloy to a transformation temperature or higher. Can be made.
【００１３】また、起動手段を、電源と、通電によって
溶融する部材で形成し、その部材を用いて合金を折り畳
んだ形状に保持し、通電して金属線を溶融させることに
より合金に加わっていた応力を瞬時に解き放つことがで
き、超弾性特性を生じさせることができる。Further, the starting means is formed of a power source and a member which is melted by energization, the member is used to hold the alloy in a folded shape, and is energized to melt the metal wire to join the alloy. The stress can be released instantly and a superelastic property can be generated.
【００１４】このように起動手段に通電作用で作動する
構造を採用すると、電気信号が時間遅れなく瞬時に伝達
され、かつスイッチ等の操作によって作動が確実にオン
・オフされるために、バッグの膨脹のタイミングを衝撃
の検出信号に正確に合わせることができる。When a structure in which the actuating means is actuated by energization is adopted in this manner, an electric signal is instantaneously transmitted without a time delay, and the operation is reliably turned on / off by the operation of a switch or the like. The expansion timing can be accurately adjusted to the shock detection signal.
【００１５】上記のような起動手段の通電用電源には、
電池やコンデンサ等を用いることができる。特に、電源
に電気２重層コンデンサを用いると、軽量かつコンパク
トな形状で大容量の電気を保持することができるため、
装置の小型化と、大電流を一度に発熱体に流せることに
よる高い加熱性能とを同時に得ることができる。The energizing power source of the starting means as described above includes
Batteries, capacitors, etc. can be used. In particular, when an electric double layer capacitor is used for the power source, it is possible to retain a large amount of electricity in a lightweight and compact shape,
The miniaturization of the device and the high heating performance by allowing a large current to flow through the heating element at the same time can be obtained at the same time.
【００１６】[0016]
【実施例】図１及び図２は、第１の実施例を示してい
る。この例では、形状記憶特性を有する合金線１を骨材
とし、布や合成樹脂等の軟質シート２を表面層として、
球形の衝撃吸収バッグ３が形成され、その合金線１の端
部が、起動手段となる加熱器４に固定されている。1 and 2 show a first embodiment. In this example, the alloy wire 1 having shape memory characteristics is used as an aggregate, and the soft sheet 2 such as cloth or synthetic resin is used as a surface layer,
A spherical shock absorbing bag 3 is formed, and an end portion of the alloy wire 1 is fixed to a heater 4 which is a starting means.
【００１７】合金線１は、変態温度より低温で合金がマ
ルテンサイト状態にあるときに、図１に示すような球形
の形状に変形させて、バッグ３が膨脹した状態を記憶さ
せておき、常温の状態で、図２に示すように加熱器４の
表面に沿って折り畳んだ形状に変形させた。When the alloy wire 1 is in a martensitic state at a temperature lower than the transformation temperature, the alloy wire 1 is deformed into a spherical shape as shown in FIG. 1 to store the expanded state of the bag 3 at room temperature. In this state, as shown in FIG. 2, it was deformed into a shape folded along the surface of the heater 4.
【００１８】加熱器４は、合金線１が折り畳まれる表面
に、Ｎｉメッキした銅線を網状に編んで発熱体５を形成
し、その発熱体５に取付けた電極６、７に電源回路８を
接続して構成されており、電源回路８には、電気２重層
コンデンサ９と、衝突時の圧力変化を検出する衝撃検出
器（図示略）からの信号によって作動するスイッチ１０
とが設けられている。In the heater 4, a nickel-plated copper wire is knitted in a net shape on the surface on which the alloy wire 1 is folded to form a heating element 5, and a power circuit 8 is attached to the electrodes 6 and 7 attached to the heating element 5. The power supply circuit 8 includes a switch 10 that operates in response to a signal from an electric double layer capacitor 9 and an impact detector (not shown) that detects a pressure change at the time of collision.
And are provided.
【００１９】次に、上記のような構造で成る装置を用い
て行なったバッグ膨脹実験について説明する。Next, an explanation will be given of a bag inflation experiment conducted using the apparatus having the above structure.
【００２０】実験では、合金線１に、Ｔｉ−４９.2ａｔ
％Ｎｉの線径０.8mmφの線材を使用し、電気２重層コン
デンサ９に容量１０００Ｆのものを用いて、合金線１に
瞬間的に４Ａの電流が流れるように設定し、その状態か
ら、衝撃検出器に模擬的な衝撃を与えてスイッチ１０を
作動させた。In the experiment, the alloy wire 1 was Ti-49.2 at.
% Ni wire having a diameter of 0.8 mmφ and a capacity of 1000 F for the electric double layer capacitor 9 is set so that an electric current of 4 A momentarily flows through the alloy wire 1, and from that state, a shock is generated. The switch 10 was operated by giving a simulated impact to the detector.
【００２１】このコンデンサ９による通電と同時に発熱
体５が発熱をしはじめ、合金線１が伸長してバッグ３を
膨脹させた。この場合、スイッチ１０の作動から１００
ｍｓｅｃの時間経過後にバッグ３が完全な展開形状まで
膨脹した。Simultaneously with the energization by the capacitor 9, the heating element 5 starts to generate heat, the alloy wire 1 expands and the bag 3 expands. In this case, it is 100
After the lapse of msec, the bag 3 was inflated to the completely expanded shape.
【００２２】図３は、第２の実施例を示している。この
例では、超弾性特性を有する合金線１１を骨材として、
球形の衝撃吸収バッグ１２が形成され、そのバッグ１２
の膨脹状態が合金線１１に記憶されるようにした。FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment. In this example, the alloy wire 11 having superelasticity is used as an aggregate,
A spherical shock absorbing bag 12 is formed, and the bag 12 is formed.
The expanded state of No. 1 is stored in the alloy wire 11.
【００２３】この合金線１１は、基台１３上に折り畳ま
れた後、細い金属線１４により基台１３に縛り付けて形
状が保持され、また、金属線１４には、スイッチ１５
と、電気２重層コンデンサ１６を備える電源回路１７が
接続されている。The alloy wire 11 is folded on the base 13 and then held in shape by being bound to the base 13 by a thin metal wire 14, and the metal wire 14 has a switch 15 attached thereto.
And a power supply circuit 17 including an electric double layer capacitor 16 are connected.
【００２４】上記の装置を用いたバッグ膨脹実験では、
合金線１１に、Ｔｉ−５１.0ａｔ％Ｎｉから成る線径
０.8mmφの線材を、金属線１４に、線径０.2mmφのアル
ミニウム線をそれぞれ使用し、その金属線１４にコンデ
ンサ１６から４Ａの電流が流れるように設定した。In the bag inflation experiment using the above apparatus,
A wire rod made of Ti-51.0 at% Ni and having a wire diameter of 0.8 mmφ is used for the alloy wire 11, and an aluminum wire having a wire diameter of 0.2 mmφ is used for the metal wire 14, and the metal wire 14 includes capacitors 16 to 4A. It was set so that the current would flow.
【００２５】この状態から、スイッチ１５を閉じ、コン
デンサ１６から大電流をアルミニウム線１４に流すと、
アルミニウム線１４が瞬時に溶融して切断され、合金線
１１が超弾性特性によって急激に拡張した。この場合
は、スイッチ１５の作動から１３０ｍｓｅｃの時間経過
後に、バッグ１２が完全な展開形状まで膨脹した。From this state, when the switch 15 is closed and a large current is passed from the capacitor 16 to the aluminum wire 14,
The aluminum wire 14 was instantaneously melted and cut, and the alloy wire 11 was expanded rapidly due to the superelastic property. In this case, after a lapse of 130 msec from the operation of the switch 15, the bag 12 was inflated to the completely expanded shape.
【００２６】なお、上述した実施例では、衝撃吸収バッ
グの一部分だけを合金線で形成した例を示したが、バッ
グ全体を合金線で形成するようにしてもよい。In the above-described embodiment, an example in which only a part of the shock absorbing bag is made of alloy wire is shown, but the entire bag may be made of alloy wire.
【００２７】また、実験例では、合金線に、Ｔｉ−Ｎｉ
合金を用いた例を示したが、このようなＴｉ−Ｎｉ合金
に代えて、Ｃｕ−Ａｌ−Ｎｉ合金やＣｕ−Ｚｎ−Ａｌ合
金を用いても同様の作用を得ることができる。In the experimental example, Ti--Ni was used for the alloy wire.
Although an example using an alloy is shown, a similar action can be obtained by using a Cu-Al-Ni alloy or a Cu-Zn-Al alloy instead of such a Ti-Ni alloy.
【００２８】[0028]
【効果】以上のように、この発明は、熱弾性形マルテン
サイト変態に伴なう金属の変形力を利用して機械的に衝
撃吸収バッグを膨脹させるので、爆発性物質や有毒なガ
ス成分を用いずにバッグを膨脹させることができ、安全
性に優れた装置を実現できる。[Effect] As described above, according to the present invention, the shock absorbing bag is mechanically inflated by utilizing the deforming force of the metal associated with the thermoelastic martensitic transformation, so that explosive substances and toxic gas components are not contained. The bag can be inflated without using it, and a device with excellent safety can be realized.
【００２９】また、上記の変態は瞬時にして起こるた
め、バッグを短時間で膨脹させることができ、突発的な
衝突事故等に対応して速応性に優れた衝撃吸収構造を提
供することができる。Further, since the above-mentioned transformation occurs instantly, the bag can be inflated in a short time, and a shock absorbing structure excellent in quick response can be provided in response to a sudden collision accident or the like. .
【図１】第１の実施例の構造を示す図FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a first embodiment.
【図２】同上の作用状態図[Fig. 2] A state diagram of the same as above.
【図３】第２の実施例の構造を示す図FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure of a second embodiment.
【図４】従来のインフレータの内部構造を示す断面図FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an internal structure of a conventional inflator.
１、１１ 合金線 ３、１２ バッグ ４ 加熱器 ５ 発熱体 ８、１７ 電源回路 ９、１６ 電気２重層コンデンサ １０、１５ スイッチ １４ 金属線 1,11 alloy wire 3, 12 bags 4 heater 5 heating element 8,17 Power circuit 9,16 Electric Double Layer Capacitor 10, 15 switch 14 metal wire
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 中井 由弘 大阪市此花区島屋一丁目１番３号 住友電 気工業株式会社大阪製作所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Nakai 1-3-3 Shimaya, Konohana-ku, Osaka Sumitomo Electric Ki Industry Co., Ltd. Osaka Works
Claims (7)
金を構造材として膨脹収縮する衝撃吸収バッグを形成
し、その衝撃吸収バッグに、上記合金の形状保持と上記
変態を生じさせる起動手段を連結した衝撃吸収装置。1. A shock absorbing bag that expands and contracts is formed by using an alloy that undergoes thermoelastic martensitic transformation as a structural material, and the shock absorbing bag is connected to a starting means for retaining the shape of the alloy and causing the transformation. Shock absorber.
ｉである請求項１に記載の衝撃吸収装置。2. The alloy is Ti-49 to 51 at% N
The shock absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device is i.
％Ａｌ−３〜５.2ｗｔ％Ｎｉである請求項１に記載の衝
撃吸収装置。3. The alloy comprises Cu-13.8 to 14.5 wt.
% Al-3 to 5.2 wt% Ni. The shock absorbing device according to claim 1.
ｎ−１〜９ｗｔ％Ａｌである請求項１に記載の衝撃吸収
装置。4. The alloy is Cu-35 to 40 wt% Z.
The shock absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device is n-1 to 9 wt% Al.
発熱する発熱体とから成る請求項１乃至４のいずれかに
記載の衝撃吸収装置。5. The shock absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the starting means includes a power source and a heating element that generates heat when energized.
溶融する合金保持部材とから成る請求項１乃至４のいず
れかに記載の衝撃吸収装置。6. The shock absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the starting means includes a power source and an alloy holding member that melts when energized.
デンサである請求項５または６に記載の衝撃吸収装置。7. The shock absorbing device according to claim 5, wherein the power source of the starting means is an electric double layer capacitor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18745791A JPH0524494A (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1991-07-26 | Impact absorbing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18745791A JPH0524494A (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1991-07-26 | Impact absorbing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0524494A true JPH0524494A (en) | 1993-02-02 |
Family
ID=16206415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18745791A Pending JPH0524494A (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1991-07-26 | Impact absorbing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0524494A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5615914A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1997-04-01 | Olin Corporation | Inflatable metal bladders for automobile passenger protection |
| EP1464548A1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-10-06 | General Motors Corporation | Energy absorbing assembly and methods for operating the same |
| US7108316B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-09-19 | General Motors Corporation | Energy absorbing assembly utilizing reversibly expandable mechanical structures for impact management and methods for operating the same |
| JP2010111375A (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-20 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | Outer airbag cushion for vehicle and device therefor |
| JP2020524456A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-08-13 | アップル インコーポレイテッドＡｐｐｌｅ Ｉｎｃ． | Head mounted display with adjustment mechanism |
-
1991
- 1991-07-26 JP JP18745791A patent/JPH0524494A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5615914A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1997-04-01 | Olin Corporation | Inflatable metal bladders for automobile passenger protection |
| US5868422A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1999-02-09 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Inflatabe metal bladders for automobile passenger protection |
| EP1464548A1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-10-06 | General Motors Corporation | Energy absorbing assembly and methods for operating the same |
| US6910714B2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2005-06-28 | General Motors Corporation | Energy absorbing assembly and methods for operating the same |
| US7108316B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-09-19 | General Motors Corporation | Energy absorbing assembly utilizing reversibly expandable mechanical structures for impact management and methods for operating the same |
| JP2010111375A (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-20 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | Outer airbag cushion for vehicle and device therefor |
| JP2020524456A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-08-13 | アップル インコーポレイテッドＡｐｐｌｅ Ｉｎｃ． | Head mounted display with adjustment mechanism |
| US11036054B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2021-06-15 | Apple Inc. | Head-mounted display with adjustment mechanism |
| JP2021100257A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2021-07-01 | アップル インコーポレイテッドＡｐｐｌｅ Ｉｎｃ． | Head-mounted display with adjustment mechanism |
| US11914158B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2024-02-27 | Apple Inc. | Head-mounted display with adjustment mechanism |
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