JPH05223568A - Distance/angle measuring device and plane linear survey method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a plane type distance/angle measuring finder which rotates a measurement light beam along a horizontal plane to execute survey in a short time without requiring a worker's skill. CONSTITUTION:A measurement light beam B1 of a light wave distance metal 36 of a plane-type distance-measuring/angle-measuring finder 12 is irradiated while it is rotated along a horizontal plane by a pentaprism 30 which is rotated by a motor 22. The light wave distance meter 36 detects a reflection light beam B2 from a target for the measurement light beam B1 and then measures a horizontal distance to the target. An encoder 40 generates a pulse which is proportional to the rotary angle of the motor 22. A control device 42 calculates the horizontal angle between the plane-type distance/angle measuring finder 12 and the target based on detection of the reflection light beam B2 and the pulse of the encoder 40 according to the light wave distance meter 36. The measured distance and angle data are transmitted to an external data processing device by ratio through an antenna 48 from the control device 42.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a distance measuring and measuring apparatus, a plane linear surveying method and a plane linear surveying apparatus. For example, construction management surveys such as plane linear surveys, road linear surveys, and width surveys of small-diameter shield tunnels are included in the technical field of the present invention.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In tunnel excavation work such as a small-diameter shield tunnel, the actual plane alignment of the tunnel is measured to determine whether or not the tunnel is excavated as designed. We are seeking the deviation from linearity.

As one method of the plane linear survey, there is a method of surveying from the head of the tunnel toward the excavation side by various surveying instruments based on the surveyor's sight, for example, a tranmit or theodolite.

A laser surveying method is known as another method. In this method, a laser light source is arranged on the tunnel head and a target is arranged on the tunnel excavation side on the center line of the tunnel design plane alignment.

Then, the laser light source irradiates the target with visible laser light, and the deviation from the linear center of the tunnel is read by the target. As a target,
A non-transparent plate provided with a scale or a laser irradiation point which is electrically read and digitally displayed is used.

On the other hand, a tranmit or theodolite is also used for a plane linear survey in road construction.
Particularly in recent years, a highly accurate tachometer (ranging and measuring instrument) generally called a total station is often used.

[0007]

However, since the working space is small in the small diameter shield tunnel, it is difficult to permanently install the surveying instrument and the working environment is bad. Therefore, surveying requires a great deal of time and skill.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a distance measuring and angle measuring device and a plane linear surveying method capable of executing surveying work in a short time without requiring skill. And to provide a plane linear surveying device.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, the measurement light beam is sequentially reflected and reflected by at least two targets, so that the measurement light beam is emitted from any one of the emission position and the measurement light beam. A distance and angle measuring device for measuring a horizontal linear distance between a reflection position and a horizontal angle formed by the emission position of the measurement light beam and two reflection positions,
Distance measurement for emitting a measurement light beam and measuring a linear distance between the emission position of the measurement light beam and one reflection position based on the detection of the reflected light beam reflected from the one target with respect to the measurement light beam. Means, a coaxial collimating optical system arranged coaxially with the optical axis of the distance measuring means, and a detection signal generating means for generating a reflected light beam detection signal over a period in which the reflected light beam is detected. And an optical path conversion unit arranged on the optical axis of the distance measuring unit for deviating the measurement light beam and the reflected light beam at right angles to each other and for reversing the optical path of the measurement light beam to the reflected light beam, Rotating means for rotating the optical path converting means at a constant speed around a rotation center axis coaxial with the optical axis of the distance measuring means, and at least the distance measuring means and the optical path converting means so that the linear distance becomes a horizontal linear distance. And times A leveling means for leveling and means,
Pulse generating means for generating a pulse proportional to the rotation angle of the rotating means, angle measuring means for measuring the horizontal angle based on the pulse and the reflected light detection signal, and the measured horizontal linear distance and The data signal of the horizontal angle is transmitted to the outside, and the transmission / reception means for receiving the control signal to be given from the outside for controlling the distance measuring and angle measuring device is provided, and the reflection for reflecting the measurement light beam from the outside is provided. By further including a body, it also functions as a target for the distance measuring and angle measuring device arranged at another position. The transmitting / receiving unit may be a wireless transmitting / receiving unit that wirelessly transmits / receives the data signal and the control signal, or may be a wired transmitting / receiving unit that transmits / receives by wire. The plane linear surveying device of the present invention is designed such that the actual horizontal straight line distance of each section and two adjacent sections are different from the design plane alignment of a tunnel or road having a center line to be divided into a plurality of sections. A device for measuring an actual horizontal angle to be formed, which comprises targets respectively arranged at a start point and an end point of each section on the center line, and
These targets are the plurality of distance measuring and angle measuring devices according to any one of claims 1 to 3, except for one arranged at the start point of the center line, and the two targets on the center line. From the distance measuring and angle measuring device located between the targets,
It is possible to measure the horizontal linear distance between the start point and the end point of each section and the horizontal angle formed by two adjacent sections by reflecting and reflecting the measurement light beam with respect to the two targets. Characterize. The center line of the design plane alignment may include at least one of a straight line, a circular curve, a clothoid, and a three-dimensional parabola.

The plane linear surveying method of the present invention comprises a tunnel,
A plane linear surveying method for measuring a deviation of an actual plane alignment from a design plane alignment of a road or the like, the process of previously measuring coordinates of a starting point of the center line, and the plane alignment surveying device according to claim 4 or 5. Thus, the process of measuring the actual horizontal straight line distance of each section and the actual horizontal angle formed by two adjacent sections, the coordinates of the pre-measured starting point, and the measured actual horizontal straight line distance and horizontal angle Based on the process of calculating the coordinates of the start point and the end point of each section as the actual plane linear data, based on the actual plane linear data and the design plane linear data given in advance. , And a step of obtaining a deviation between the design plane alignment and the actual plane alignment.

Further, the plane linear surveying device is arranged apart from the distance measuring and angle measuring device provided in the plane linear surveying device, and the actual plane transmitted and received by the transmitting and receiving means of each of the distance measuring and angle measuring devices. Receiving means for receiving the horizontal straight line distance and horizontal angle data corresponding to the linear data, storage means for previously storing the design plane linear data and the coordinates of the starting point of the center line, and the received data. And calculating means for calculating the coordinates of the start point and the end point of each section as the actual plane alignment data based on the stored data and the deviation of the actual plane alignment from the design plane alignment. And may be further provided.

Alternatively, the distance-measuring device is arranged apart from the distance-measuring device provided in the plane linear surveying device, and controls the distance-measuring device with respect to the transmitting / receiving means of each of the distance-measuring devices. It may further be provided with a transmitting means for transmitting a control signal for.

[0013]

According to the distance measuring and angle measuring device of the present invention, assuming that the leveling by the leveling means of the distance measuring and angle measuring device has been adjusted, the measurement light beam of the optical distance meter is emitted in the direction normal to the horizontal plane. After that, the optical path changing means changes the optical path in the direction along the horizontal plane. This measurement light beam is rotated and irradiated in the direction of 360 degrees along the horizontal plane by the rotation of the optical path changing means. Here, when the measurement light beam passes through one target, the reflected light beam from this one target goes backward in the optical path of the measurement light beam and is detected by the optical distance meter, and based on this detection, the emission position of the measurement light beam is detected. The horizontal distance between the reflection position and the reflection position is measured.

On the other hand, the horizontal angle formed by the emission position of the measurement light beam and the two reflection positions can be measured as the rotation angle of the optical path changing means. That is, it is the rotation angle of the optical path changing means during one rotation of the optical path changing means until the measurement light beam reaches from one target to the other target. This rotation angle can be measured by an angle measuring means.

According to the plane linear surveying apparatus of the present invention, the target is arranged at the start point of the center line of the plane alignment, and a plurality of distance measuring and angle measuring apparatuses with targets are arranged along the center line continuous to this start point. There is. Therefore, a combination of three adjacent distance measuring and angle measuring devices, or a combination of the target at the starting point of the center line and two adjacent distance measuring and angle measuring devices can be used to measure Can measure horizontal straight line distance and horizontal angle. The horizontal straight line distance and the horizontal angle correspond to the data of the actual plane alignment and can be used for comparison with the design alignment.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a plane type range finder 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This plain type rangefinder
Is used in the plane linear surveying device 110 of the present invention described below.

The plain type distance measuring and angle measuring horn 12 includes a distance measuring and measuring horn body 14 and a leveling mechanism 1 to which the body 14 is attached.
6 and 6. Here, the three-dimensional coordinate system fixed to the main body 14 is shown by small letters xyz. Also, capital letter X
The three-dimensional coordinate system indicated by YZ is a plane type rangefinder and angle finder 12.
Is a coordinate system in which the horizontal plane on which is arranged is the XY plane, and the direction normal to this XY plane is the Z direction. The xyz coordinate system and the XYZ coordinate system can be matched by leveling adjustment of the main body 14. The main body 14 includes a cylindrical outer cylinder 18. The beam transmission window portion 2 along the circumferential surface of the outer cylinder 18
0 is formed of dustproof glass.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the inside of the outer cylinder 18, the rotation of the motor shaft 24 of the motor 22 with a decelerator is decelerated by a decelerator (not shown) incorporated in the motor 22, and the rotation of the output shaft 26 is reduced. Transmitted. A pentaprism fixing metal fitting 28 is attached to the output shaft 26, and the fixing metal fitting 28 serves as an optical path changing means, for example, the pentaprism 3
0 is fixed.

Therefore, the pentaprism 30 is rotated by driving the output shaft 26 of the motor 22. The pentaprism 30 changes the optical paths of the incident light beam and the outgoing light beam at right angles. That is, the light beam incident from below in the vertical direction (z direction) of the pentaprism 30 receives the pentaprism 3
It is reflected by the first reflecting surface 32 of 0, further reflected by the second reflecting surface 34, and emitted in the direction orthogonal to the z direction.

If the pentaprism 30 is stationary in the state shown in FIG. 2, the light beam emitted from the pentaprism 30 is emitted in the x direction through the dustproof glass 20. On the contrary, the light beam incident on the pentaprism 30 from the x-direction is reflected by the second reflecting surface 34 of the pentaprism 30, then by the first reflecting surface 32, and is z orthogonal to the x-direction.
Is emitted in the direction.

Below the penta prism 30, a light wave range finder 36 for measuring the distance L to the target point.
Are arranged. The optical distance meter 36, the objective lens unit 38 is arranged so as to face the pentaprism 30, the objective lens 38, the exit portion of the measuring light beams B ₁ and the reflected light beam with respect to the measurement light beams B ₁ B
_Also serves as the incident part of ₂ .

The measurement light beam B ₁ emitted from the objective lens section 38 in the z direction and incident on the pentaprism 30 is 360 ° horizontal to the xy plane as the pentaprism 30 rotates.
Is emitted in the direction and enters the reflection surface at the measurement point. The reflected light beam B ₂ from the reflecting surface travels backward in the optical path of the measurement light beam B ₁ and returns to the objective lens unit 38. Based on the detection of the reflected light beam B ₂ , the optical path length to the measurement point, that is, the linear distance is measured by the light wave range finder 36 by the phase difference method.

The optical path length from the plane type distance measuring and measuring gantry 12 to the measuring point is an internal length required for changing the optical path of the measuring light beam B ₁ emitted from the optical distance meter 36 in the z direction to the xy directions. Since it includes the path, it will be longer than the actual straight line distance. However, since the length of the internal path can be measured in advance, the actual linear distance L can be set by setting the length of the internal path as an offset value in the optical distance meter 36.
Can be measured. Further, the configuration for measuring the horizontal angle θ formed by the two measurement points with respect to the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12 is as follows.

An encoder 40 (pulse generating means) is provided on the motor shaft 24 of the DC motor 22 with a decelerator, and this encoder 40 outputs a pulse proportional to the rotation angle of the motor shaft 24, so that the pentaprism 30 of the pentaprism 30 is rotated. Detect the rotation angle.

The encoder 40 is provided on the motor shaft 24 instead of the output shaft 26 of the motor 22 because the output shaft 26
Is reduced (the number of rotations is small), so that the resolution of the rotation angle of the pentaprism 30 can be improved on the side of the motor shaft 24. The detection signal of the encoder 40 is given to the control device 42 incorporated in the outer cylinder 18, and the horizontal angle θ formed by the measurement point with respect to the origin coordinates is calculated here.

The principle of calculating the horizontal angle θ by the above-mentioned pentaprism 30, encoder 40, and controller 42 will be described. Here, at the two measurement points along the rotation direction of the pentaprism 30, the first and second measurement points are respectively provided.
Targets are arranged, and the width centers of the reflecting surfaces of these targets are assumed to coincide with the measurement points.

The horizontal angle θ can be expressed as a rotation angle of the penta prism 30. That is, in one rotation of the pentaprism 30, the rotation position of the pentaprism 30 at which the measurement light beam is reflected at the width center of the reflection surface of the first target is θ _I , and the measurement light beam is the width of the reflection surface of the second target. When the rotational position of the pentaprism 30 that reflects at the center is θ _II , the horizontal angle θ is θ _I and θ _II.
It is expressed as an angle (θ _II −θ _I ) formed by the rotation direction of 0.

The rotation timings t _I and t _II of the pentaprism 30 corresponding to these θ _I and θ _II can be detected by the reflected light beam detection signal from the light wave range finder 36.

Therefore, the angle to be obtained θ = θ _II −θ
_I is the rotation angle of the pentaprism 30 between the timings t _I and t _II . This rotation angle can be calculated from a pulse proportional to the rotation angle of the penta prism 30 by the encoder 40. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the control device 42.

The power required for the control device 42 is supplied from the battery 44 incorporated in the outer cylinder 18 through the power supply circuit 50 of the control device 42. Alternatively, an external AC power source may be used instead of the battery 44. In this case, the power supply circuit 50 uses the power supply connector 46 a of the outer cylinder 18 to connect the AC / DC adapter 7 arranged outside the outer cylinder 18.
Connected to 0. This AC / DC adapter 70 is connected to an external AC power source 72. Then, the AC current from the AC power supply 72 is converted into a DC current by the AC / DC adapter 70 and supplied to the power supply circuit 50 of the control device 42.

The pulse from the encoder 40 is applied to the waveform shaping circuit 52 of the control device 42 to be waveform shaped, and then counted by the counter circuit 54. Of the count values, the count value corresponding to the rotation angle θ _I is stored in the first register 56, and the count value corresponding to the rotation angle θ _II is stored in the second register 58. Based on these two stored count values, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) 60 calculates θ _II −θ _I to obtain the horizontal angle θ. The distance L obtained by the lightwave rangefinder 36 is also given to the CPU 60. Further, the CPU 60 controls the start / end of the distance measuring operation of the lightwave distance meter 36, and controls the driving / stopping of the motor 22 through the motor drive circuit 62.

The control by the CPU 60 is executed by a control signal from a remote control device, which will be described later, which is arranged at a position distant from the plane type range finder 10. On the other hand, C
The horizontal angle θ and the distance L obtained by the PU 60 are given to the remote control device as a distance measurement angle measurement data signal.

Transmission and reception of signals between the CPU 60 and the remote control device are executed wirelessly or by wire through the transmission / reception circuit 64 of the control device 42. When wireless is used here, the transmission / reception circuit 64 is connected to, for example, the antenna 48 attached to the upper surface of the outer cylinder 18. Further, the remote control device is also provided with an appropriate wireless transmission means. A control signal signal wirelessly transmitted from the remote control device is received by the antenna 48 and is transmitted through the transmission / reception circuit 64 to the CPU.
Is given to 60. Further, the distance measurement and angle measurement data signal from the CPU 60 is also transmitted to the remote control device by the transmission / reception circuit 64 and the antenna 48. On the other hand, when the signal transmission / reception is performed by wire, the input / output connector 46 provided on the outer cylinder 18 is used.
Connect b to the remote controller with a cable.

The output of the encoder 40 is fed back to the motor drive circuit 62 for controlling the motor 22 via the waveform shaping circuit 52. Based on this feedback signal, the motor drive circuit 48 causes the motor 2 to
The rotation speed of 2 is controlled to be constant.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer cylinder 1
8, the collimation telescope 7 through the diagonal mirror 74.
6 is attached. The collimation telescope 76 is configured such that the diagonal mirror 74 and the optical rangefinder 36 are provided when the field of view is stationary.
The target in the field of view is observed through the objective lens unit 28 and the pentaprism 30. Here, in the light wave range finder 36, a collimation optical system including the objective lens unit 28, the pentaprism 30, the diagonal mirror 74, and the collimation telescope 76 and the distance measurement optical system for distance measurement are coaxial.

A target 78 is attached to the lower portion of the outer cylinder 18. The target 78 holds a plurality of reflecting prisms 80 arranged on its peripheral surface.
As will be described later, such a target 78 plays a role as a target for other plane type rangefinders 12 when performing a plane linear survey using a plurality of plane type rangefinders 12. To fulfill.

A leveling mechanism 16 for leveling and adjusting the main body 14 of the distance measuring and angle measuring device is attached to the peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 18. The leveling mechanism 16 includes a pair of upper and lower plates 82 and 84,
Only the upper board 82 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder, and the lower board 84 is fixed to an appropriate tripod (not shown). The distance between the upper plate 82 and the lower plate 84 is equal to the leveling screw 86.
Can be variably adjusted by. Further, on the upper surface of the outer cylinder 18 and the lower surface of the target 78, a bubble tube 88 serving as a criterion for leveling adjustment is provided.

As shown in FIG. 4, the leveling screw 86 is the outer cylinder 1
8 are arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the outer wall 18a of the No. 8 at, for example, three places, and the plane type rangefinder and angle-finder body 14 is adjusted by appropriately adjusting the leveling screws 86 at these three places with reference to the bubble tube 88. Semi-adjusted. Here, if the xyz coordinate system and the XYZ coordinate system match by properly leveling the main body 14, the measurement light beam emitted from the main body 14 in the 360 ° direction is emitted to the horizontal plane along the XY plane. It will be.

In FIG. 5, reference numerals 12a, 12b, 12
c shows the same plane type range finder 10. However, the plain type distance measuring and angle measuring instruments 12a and 12c on both sides
Are installed upside down by attaching the main body 14 to the leveling mechanism 16 upside down. In this case, the measurement light beam B _{1 is made} to reflect on the targets 78 of the plain type distance measuring and measuring horns 12a and 12c on both sides by the central plane type distance measuring and measuring horn 12b, so that the plane type distance measuring and measuring horn 12b. Is three plane type range finder 1
It is possible to measure the horizontal angle θ formed by 2a, 12b, 12c and the horizontal distance L between the two plane type rangefinders 12a, 12b or 12b, 12c. Similarly, the plane type range finder 10a or 12b is the plane type range finder 12a or 12b.
The measuring light beam B ₁ can be reflected and reflected by the target 78 of b.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which the plane linear surveying apparatus of the present invention using a plurality of plane type rangefinders is applied to the plane linear surveying of a small diameter shield tunnel. At the center of the pile mouth (tunnel start point) A of the small diameter shield tunnel 100 to be surveyed, the back point prism 1
02 is installed. The coordinates of the prism 102 are measured in advance with zeolite or the like.

The plane linear surveying instrument 110 of the present invention is equipped with first to fourth plane type distance measuring angle measuring instruments 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d arranged in the tunnel 100. Each of the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring instruments 12a to 12d is exactly the same as the above-mentioned plane type distance measuring and angle measuring instrument 12. However, as a power source, a battery built in each of the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring instruments 12a to 12d is used, and transmission / reception of a signal to / from a transmission / reception interface unit 114, which will be described later, is performed.
It is assumed that the cable 112 is used.

Each plane type rangefinder and angler 12a to 12d
Indicates a tunnel from the tunnel pile mouth A along the centerline 104 of the design plane alignment of the tunnel 100 (the centerline of the tunnel 100 in the design plan of the tunnel 100, which is a linear centerline viewed in plan). They are sequentially arranged toward the face end 108.

More specifically, the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12
a is a first straight line end point (first circular curve start point) B, and a plain type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12b is a first circle curve end point (second circular curve starting point) C and is a plain type distance measuring and angle measuring device. The pedestal 12c is arranged at the end point (second straight line start point) C of the second circular curve, and the plane-type distance measuring and angle measuring pedestal 12d is arranged at the line end point (second straight line end point) E, respectively.

Further, the plane linear surveying device 110 is provided outside the tunnel 100 with a transmission / reception interface unit 114, a remote control device such as a personal computer 116 sequentially connected to the unit 114, an XY plotter 120 or a printer. Equipped with an output device.

The transmission / reception interface unit 114 includes
Each of the plain type distance measuring and angle measuring instruments 12a through the cable 112
It is connected to the 12d input / output connector 46b (see FIGS. 1 to 3).

The computer 116 transmits / receives signals to / from each of the plane type distance measuring and measuring horns 12a to 12d through the transmission / reception interface unit 114 and the cable 112, and the plane type measuring and measuring horns 12a to 12d obtain the plane type measuring finder. The processing of the distance measuring data and the control of each of the plane type distance measuring horns 12a to 12d are executed. Further, the survey result obtained by processing the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring data is plotted or tabulated by the XY plotter 120.

In the memory (storage means) (not shown) of the computer 116, tunnel design plane alignment data is stored.
It is input in advance from a keyboard 118 attached to the computer 116. This input data is the computer 1
It is recorded on 16 recording media such as a floppy disk.

Input of the tunnel design plane alignment data is as follows.
The following is an example of a linear shape including a first straight line AB, a first circular curve BC, a second circular curve CD, and a second straight line DE in order.

First, X at the tunnel start point (route start point) A
Input the Y coordinate value (X _A , B _A ) and the azimuth angle θ _A, and then enter the XY coordinate value (X _B , Y _B ) and the azimuth angle of the first straight line end point (first circular curve start point) B. Enter θ _B and. And the first
XY coordinate value (X
_C , Y _C ) and the azimuth θ _C, and then the XY coordinate values (X _D , Y _D ) of the end point D (second straight line start point) of the second circular curve.
And the azimuth θ _D, and further the XY coordinate values (X _E , Y _E ) of the route end point (second straight line end point) E and the azimuth angle θ _E.

The plane type range finder 12a measures the distance L ₁ of the first straight line AB with the back point prism 102 as a target, and the plane type range finder 12b with the prism 78 as a target. Measure the distance L ₂ . Further, the plane type range finder 12a includes the back point prism 102 and the plane type range finder 12a.
The angle θ ₁ formed by A, B and C is measured with the prism 78 of b as a target. The plane type rangefinder 12b is
The distance L ₃ of the second circular curve CD is measured by using the prism 78 of the plane type range finder 10c as a target, and the prism 7 of the plane type range finder 12a, 12c is measured.
The angle θ ₂ formed by B, C and D is measured with 8 as the target.

The plane type range finder 12c measures the distance L ₄ of the second straight line DE with the prism 78 of the plane type range finder 12d as a target, and the plane type range finder 12b. , 12d of the prism 78 as a target, the angle θ ₃ formed by C, D and E is measured.

Details of the distance measurement (distance measurement) and the angle measurement (angle measurement) will be described later. In the design plane alignment of the tunnel 100, taking the first straight line AB on the X axis,
The an axis perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis, XY coordinate values of the pile port A (X _A, Y _A) to (0,0) Distant, the distances L ₁ which has been measured, L _2, L _3, L _{4. Using} the angles θ ₁ , θ ₂ , and θ ₃ , the actual XY coordinate values of the plane type rangefinders 12a to 12d are shown as follows. The XY coordinate values (X _B , X _{B of} the first plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12a (measurement point B))
Y _B ) X _B = L ₁ ...... (i) Y _B = 0 ...... (ii)

XY coordinate values (X _C , Y _C ) X _C = X _B + │L ₂ × cos θ ₁ │ ... (iii) Y of the second plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12b (measurement point C) _C = L ₂ × sin θ ₁ (iV) XY of the third plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12c (measurement point D)
Coordinate value (X _D , Y _D ) X _D = X _C + | L ₃ × cos θ ₂ ｜ …… (V) Y _D = Y _C + ｜ L ₃ × sin θ ₂ ｜ …… (Vi) Fourth XY of plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12d (measurement point E)
Coordinate value (X _E , Y _E ) X _E = X _D + | L ₄ × cos θ ₃ | …… (Vii) Y _E = Y _D + | L ₄ × sin θ ₃ | …… (Viii)

Each of these plane type distance measuring and angle measuring instruments 12a to 1
Formula (i) for obtaining the XY component of the 2d XY coordinate value
(Viii) are assumed to be input to the computer 116 in advance.

The difference between the XY coordinate value of each of the plane type rangefinders 12a to 12d obtained according to these arithmetic expressions (i) to (Viii) and the tunnel plane linear data previously input to the personal computer 116 is obtained. It is a power survey result. By measuring such a difference during the excavation work, it is possible to determine whether or not the tunnel 100 is excavated as designed.

If there is no difference or the difference is small, it can be confirmed that the tunnel 100 has been excavated as designed. On the other hand, if there is a difference, the tunnel 100 is adjusted or corrected to eliminate this difference.

Next, the operation of the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12 or the plane linear surveying apparatus 110 will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 7, taking the tunnel plane linear surveying shown in FIG. 6 as an example.

Backpoint prism 102 at position A
Is installed and the coordinates of the prism 102 are measured (step S1). First to fourth plane type rangefinders 12
While observing each of the collimation optical systems, a to 12d are installed at positions B, C, D and E, respectively, and the level adjustment is performed (step S2). A cable 1 connects the main body 14 of each of the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring instruments 12a to 12d and the personal computer 116.
12. Connect via the transmission / reception interface 114 (step S3). The coordinates in the design plane alignment of the positions B, C, D and E are input to the personal computer 116 (step S4).

Although the preparation for measurement is completed as described above, the preparation work up to this point is not necessarily limited to the order of steps S1 to S4. When the preparation for measurement is completed, the personal computer 116 sends a measurement start command to the control device 42 to cause the lightwave range finder 36 to emit measurement light under the control of the control device 42, and at the same time, to drive the motor 22 with decelerator at a constant speed ( Step S5). The angles of the angles θ ₁ , θ ₂ , and θ ₃ are measured by each of the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring instruments 12a to 12d (step S6).

This angle measurement is based on the back point prism 1.
02 and the prism 78 of the plane type range finder 10b are used as targets to measure θ ₁ by the plane type range finder 12a. In addition, the two prisms 78 of the plane type rangefinders 12a and 12c are used as targets, and the plane type rangefinders 12b are used to set θ.
₂ is a plane type range finder 1 using two prisms 78 of the plane range finder 12b, 12d as targets.
Θ ₃ is measured by 2c. The angle θ _N (N = 1, 2, 3) to be obtained in this step S6 is θ _N = θ _II −θ _I (ix)

It can be expressed as Here, θ _I is the rotation angle of the pentaprism 30 until the measurement light beam reaches the first reflection position, that is, one of the two targets in one rotation of the pentaprism 30. Further, θ _II is the rotation angle of the pentaprism 30 until the measurement light beam reaches the second reflection position, that is, the other target.

The controller 42 controls the encoder pulse number n corresponding to the 360-degree rotation of the motor shaft 24 and the encoder pulse number Δn corresponding to the rotation angle θ _I of the pentaprism 30.
The angle θ _I is obtained from _I and according to the following equation. θ _I = (360 · Δn _I ) / n (x) Similarly, the control device 42 sets the number of pulses proportional to the angle θ _II to Δn _II , and θ _II = (360 · Δn _II ) / n. Find (xi).

Further, the controller 42 obtains θ _N from the equation (ix) from these two angles θ _I and θ _II . These (i
It is assumed that the expressions X), (x) and (xi) are stored in the controller 42 in advance. By performing such angle measurement for N = 1, 2, 3, the angles θ _{1 to} θ ₄ are obtained. By repeating the above angle measurement operation several times and obtaining the angles θ _{1 to} θ ₄ as average values, the reliability of measurement can be improved.

The angles θ _{1 to} θ ₄ thus obtained
Is given to the memory of the personal computer 116 from the CPU 60 of the control device 42 via the transmission / reception circuit 64, the cable 112, and the transmission / reception interface 114.

Next, distance measurement is executed (step S7).
Here, at the time of distance measurement of the measurement point A by the plane type distance measuring and angle measuring instrument 12a, the control device 42 causes the plane type distance measuring and measuring instrument to rotate at the rotation position of the angle θ ₁ obtained in the angle measuring step S6. The penta prism 30 of 12a is stopped. In this state, the penta prism 30 of the plain type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12a faces the prism 78 of the pile mouth A. In this state, the lightwave range finder 36 determines the horizontal distance L ₁ from the pile port A (0,0) to the position B.

A similar distance measuring operation is performed by the plane type distance measuring and horn 12b.
8 is the target for the measurement point B, the plane type distance measuring horn 12c is used as the target for the prism 78 of the plane type distance measuring horn 12b, and the plane type distance measuring horn 12d is used for the plane type distance measuring horn 12d. Angle finder 1
The distances L _{2 to} L ₄ are also obtained by sequentially performing the measurement point D with the prism 78 of 2c as a target.

The distances L _{1 to} L ₄ thus obtained
Is the CPU of the controller 42 in the same manner as the angles θ _{1 to} θ _4.
60 to the memory of computer 116.

Next, the coordinate value of the measurement point is obtained (step S8). CPU of the computer 116, the distance L ₁ ~L ₄ and the angle theta ₁ through? ₄ which is applied to the memory described above
Substituting in equations (i) to (Viii), X of measurement points B, C, D, E
The Y coordinate value is sequentially obtained.

Next, the CPU of the computer 116
It is determined whether or not the coordinate calculation for all the measurement points B, C, D and E is completed (step S9). When the result of the determination is negative, the above steps S6 to S9 are repeated via the control device 42. When the coordinate calculation for all the measurement points is completed, the computer 11
6 is a lightwave range finder 36 and a motor 2 via the control device 42.
2 is stopped and the measurement is ended (step S10).

Next, the CPU of the computer 116 finds the difference between the actual plane alignment and the design plane alignment given in advance based on the calculated coordinates, and the XY plotter 12
It is output by 0 (step S11).

Here, as an example of calculating the difference, the difference at the point C is shown. In FIG. 6, the center of the arc formed by the curves between BD is O,
Let R be the radius. Further, the intersection angle formed by the straight lines BO and DO is IA. Design plan plane coordinate values of the point C is given as _{D XC = X B + L 2} × cos δ ...... (Xii) D YC = Y B + L 2 × sin δ ...... (Xiii). Here, δ is an angle formed by the straight line BC of the distance L ₂ with respect to the X axis, and δ = {180 ° (180 ° −α)} / 2 = α / 2 (xiV). Here, α is an angle formed by BOC. Next, the angle α is obtained.

Since the plane type rangefinders 12a and 12b are installed on the section of the design plan tunnel, even if the planes are decentered from the center of the tunnel section, the distance between two adjacent plane type rangefinders is increased. The distance error is very small, and it can be considered that the measured distance L ₂ between BCs is correct. Therefore, when the angle α is calculated using this distance L ₂ , α = cos ⁻¹ {(2R ² -L ₂ ² ) / 2R} ... (xV). Therefore, design planning plane coordinate values of the point _{C, D XC = X B + L} 2 × cos (α / 2) ...... (XVi) D YC = Y B + L 2 × sin (α / 2) ...... (XVii) Given as. The design plan plane coordinate value of this C point,
Differences ΔX _C and ΔY _C from the previously calculated actual XY coordinate values ((iii) and (iV) expressions) are ΔX _C = D _XC −X _C (XViii) ΔY _C = D _YC −Y _C …… (XiX)

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but various modifications can be made. For example, the object for which the plane alignment is to be measured is not limited to the tunnel 100, and the same effect as that of the above embodiment can be obtained not only for the road but also for the object.

Further, at a site where there are no wireless obstacles around the plain type distance measuring and angle measuring device 12 such as a road with an open periphery, signal transmission / reception between the personal computer 116 and the control device 42 is not possible. However, not only the wired method but also the wireless method can be adopted. Furthermore, as for the design plane alignment of tunnels, roads, etc., in addition to the combination of straight lines and curves, clothoids, cubic parabolas, etc. can be applied.

Further, the number of measurement points, that is, the number of plane type distance measuring and angle measuring devices 12 arranged is not limited to that in the above embodiment, and may be smaller or larger depending on the progress of construction work such as tunnels and roads. It is possible to set.

[0076]

As described above, according to the distance measuring and angle measuring device of the present invention, the distance measuring and angle measuring can be optically performed automatically.
Further, according to the plane linear surveying method and the plane linear surveying apparatus using a plurality of the distance measuring and angle measuring devices, for example, by remotely operating the plane type distance measuring and measuring device in the small diameter tunnel from the outside of the tunnel, The plane alignment of can be measured. Therefore, even in surveying in a tunnel where the working environment is poor, the burden on the worker is reduced, the working time is shortened, and the work is rationalized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a main part of the plane type rangefinder and anglefinder of FIG.

3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control device of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the plane type range finder.

5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of executing a plane type distance measuring and angle measuring using a plurality of plane type distance measuring angle measuring instruments of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a planar linear surveying device of the present invention applied to tunnel surveying.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the measurement process of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d ... Plane type distance measuring and angle measuring device (distance measuring and angle measuring device), 16 ... Leveling mechanism (leveling means), 22 ... Motor (rotating means), 30 ... Penta prism (optical path) Conversion means), 36 ... lightwave distance meter (plane type distance measuring means), 12 ... encoder (pulse generating means), 42
... control device (angle measuring means), 64 ... transmission / reception circuit (transmission / reception means), 76 ... collimation telescope, 78 ... prism (reflector),
114 ... Transmission / reception interface (transmission / transmission means),
116 ... Computer (storage / calculation means).

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A horizontal straight line distance between the emission position of the measurement light beam and any one reflection position, and the measurement light beam of the measurement light beam, by sequentially reflecting the measurement light beam on at least two targets. A distance measuring and angle measuring device for measuring a horizontal angle formed by an emitting position and two reflecting positions, for emitting a measuring light beam and detecting a reflected light beam reflected from one of the targets for the measuring light beam. Based on the distance measuring means for measuring the linear distance between the emission position of the measurement light beam and one reflection position, a coaxial collimating optical system arranged coaxially to the optical axis of the distance measuring means, A detection signal generating means for generating a reflected light beam detection signal over the period in which the reflected light beam is detected, and a measuring light beam and a reflected light beam which are arranged on the optical axis of the distance measuring means at right angles to each other. To And an optical path converting means for causing the reflected light beam to reverse the optical path of the measuring light beam, and a rotating means for rotating the optical path converting means at a constant speed around a rotation center axis coaxial with the optical axis of the distance measuring means. A leveling means for leveling at least the distance measuring means, the optical path changing means and the rotating means so that the linear distance becomes a horizontal linear distance; and a pulse for generating a pulse proportional to the rotation angle of the rotating means. Generating means, angle measuring means for measuring the horizontal angle based on the pulse and the reflected light detection signal, and transmitting the data signal of the measured horizontal straight line distance and horizontal angle to the outside and By including a transmitting / receiving means for receiving a control signal to be given from the outside for controlling the distance measuring device, and further including a reflector for reflecting the measurement light beam from the outside, A distance measuring and ranging device, which also serves as a target for the above distance measuring and ranging device. 2. The distance measuring and angle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting / receiving unit is a wireless transmitting / receiving unit that wirelessly transmits / receives the data signal and the control signal. 3. The distance measuring and angle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting / receiving means is a wired transmitting / receiving means for transmitting / receiving the data signal and the control signal by wire. 4. A design plane alignment of a tunnel or a road having a center line to be divided into a plurality of sections,
A device for measuring an actual horizontal straight line distance of each section and an actual horizontal angle formed by two adjacent sections, each of which is provided with a target arranged at a start point and an end point of each section on the center line, And, these targets, except one located at the starting point of the center line, are:
A plurality of distance measuring and angle measuring devices according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the distance measuring and angle measuring device located between the two targets on the center line is used for the two targets. A plane linear surveying device, which measures a horizontal straight line distance between a start point and an end point of each section and a horizontal angle formed by two adjacent sections by reflecting and reflecting the measurement light beam. 5. The plane linear survey apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the centerline of the design plane alignment includes at least one of a straight line, a circular curve, a clothoid, and a three-dimensional parabola. 6. A plane linear surveying method for measuring a deviation of an actual plane alignment from a design plane alignment of a tunnel, a road, etc., comprising: a step of measuring coordinates of a starting point of the center line in advance; The process of measuring the actual horizontal straight line distance of each section and the actual horizontal angle formed by two adjacent sections by the plane linear surveying device described in 1 above, and the coordinates of the pre-measured starting point and the measured actual Based on the horizontal straight line distance and the horizontal angle, the process of calculating the coordinates of the start point and the end point of each section as the actual plane alignment data, and the actual plane alignment data and the design plane given in advance. A plane linear surveying method comprising: a step of obtaining a deviation between a design plane linear shape and an actual plane linear shape based on linear data. 7. The actual linear alignment data transmitted from the transmitting / receiving means of each of the distance-measuring devices, which is arranged apart from the distance-measuring device provided in the planar-linear surveying device. Receiving means for receiving the data of the horizontal straight line distance and the horizontal angle, storage means for previously storing the data of the design plane alignment and the coordinates of the starting point of the center line, the received data and the stored data Based on and, along with calculating the coordinates of the start point and the end point of each section as the data of the actual plane alignment, the calculation means for calculating the deviation of the actual plane alignment with respect to the design plane alignment,
The planar linear surveying device according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising: 8. The distance-measuring device, which is arranged apart from the distance-measuring device provided in the planar linear surveying device, and controls the distance-measuring device with respect to transmitting and receiving means of each of the distance-measuring devices. 8. The plane linear surveying apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a transmitting unit that transmits a control signal for