JPH05209410A - Slope protection material and manufacturing method therefor, and protection, framing and grassing of slope using the slope protection material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a slope protection material that is lightweight and small in package style before being used for slope protection work, and is capable of improving capacity of holding soil dressing after being used for slope protection. CONSTITUTION:A rope material 4 is fixed in a wave form to a tape-like sheet material 1 that is flexible as well as moderately rigid. Cuts 2 are made alternately on the right and the left sides of the sheet material 1 so that each of the cuts extends from the right and the left sides of the sheet material to positions near each of crests of the wave form drawn by the rope material 4. Then, the tape-like members 6i made up in a way as mentioned above are arranged in tiers, and the rope materials 4 on the tiered tape-like members 6i are bound together to form a net shape, and thereby a slope protection material 6 is formed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses a slope protection material used for slope protection / vegetation work, on-site concrete framing work, and embankment reinforcement work, its manufacturing method and its slope protection material. The slope protection method and the frame method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional slope protection methods and the materials used for them are as follows: (1) A semi-circular perforated steel ring assembled in a circle is laid on the slope and connected to each other. Drain ring). (2) A frame material is constructed by assembling a frame material formed of the expanded mesh-shaped lightweight steel described in JP-A-55-36557 (trade name: Sumitect). (3) A method in which a slope is covered with a net frame material which forms continuous square cells when expanded as described in JP-A-56-16730. Have been put to practical use or proposed.

However, all of them have a large volume during storage / transportation, and since they use a heavy-weight steel sheet forming material, they have disadvantages such as inconvenience in storage / transportation of the material and a great deal of construction work in assembling. there were.

Further, the conventional on-site casting method frame construction method and materials used therefor are: (1) Precast method frame construction method for constructing a method frame by assembling concrete molding members described in JP-A-55-59224 on a slope. .. (2) A method in which a deformable wire mesh form and hoop reinforcements are placed on the slope and fixed with anchors, and then mortar or concrete is placed by spraying (trade name free frame method). (3) JP-B-57-82 in which the formwork is composed of water resistant cardboard
The legal frame construction method (brand name core frame construction method) described in Japanese Patent No. 48. Are being put to practical use.

However, since the precast method frame construction method (1) handles heavy objects, it requires a lot of labor for transportation and construction, and the construction method using the scrap frame of (2) and (3) requires the formwork arrangement. Although simplification has been achieved, there was a problem that a separate rebar work was required to insert the rebar, and the construction labor was large.

[0006]

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is lightweight and has a small volume of packing before construction, and also has a function of holding soil after construction. A slope protection material that has a large holding force for mortar and concrete that are further sprayed and also has a function as a reinforcing bar for its reinforcement, and a manufacturing method thereof,
And a slope protection / greening method and a frame method using the slope protection material.

[0007]

A slope protection material according to the present invention is a tape-shaped sheet material having flexibility and a predetermined rigidity and having a plurality of cuts formed in a certain pattern, and It consists of a rope material fixed to a tape-shaped sheet material in a corrugated shape having a fixed positional relationship with the cut, and when the rope material is stretched, the sheet material opens and deforms from each cut and the rope material. A plurality of tape-shaped members configured to form a surface that stands upright with respect to the axis line are overlapped, and two adjacent rope members are arranged at regular intervals, and one side and the other side are alternated. It is a slope protection material that is connected in a net shape so as to form continuous cells when expanded.

The net-shaped slope protection material is classified into a light load mainly used for slope protection and a heavy load used for construction of concrete slopes. The former is tape-shaped. Knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, paper or synthetic resin film or synthetic resin film laminated on these sheet materials, synthetic resin sheet or synthetic resin net material is used, and rope, cotton, linen, etc. It is made of synthetic resin such as fiber, vinylon, nylon, etc., or a rope made by mixing these, and it is highly flexible and can well follow uneven slopes.

The latter uses a tape-shaped sheet material, a steel net material, a lath wire mesh, or a material such as those coated with a synthetic resin, which has rigidity to hold a constant shape after stretching, and is used as a rope material. Wires, wire ropes, metal chains or those coated with synthetic resin, or high-strength members such as carbon fiber ropes are used.

Further, in the method for manufacturing a net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention, a plurality of tape-shaped members in which a rope material is fixed to a tape-shaped sheet material with a certain corrugated shape are predetermined. While holding the sheets in a state of being overlapped with each other at a constant interval, they are successively conveyed in one direction at an equal pitch, and in the middle of the conveyance, the rope material of each tape-shaped member is first transferred to the rope material of the member on one adjacent side. Manufacture of slope protection material, which is fixed and is fixed to the rope material of the other adjacent member at a position separated by 1/2 pitch every time it is conveyed by one pitch, and is connected in a net shape. In the method, suitable means for fixing the tape-shaped sheet material and the rope material and the means for fixing the rope materials to each other are selected according to the materials of both.

In the slope protection / greening method according to the present invention, a net-shaped slope protection material is spread on the slope and fixed with an anchor, and then the expanded net-shaped slope protection material and method. The entire surface is covered with mortar or concrete by spraying, or vegetation is carried out in the soil.

Further, in the method of frame construction according to the present invention, after the net-shaped slope protection material is spread on the slope and fixed by the anchor, the net-shaped slope protection material is encased in mortar or concrete and sprayed. Is a method for constructing a method frame by applying work or coating, and the net-shaped slope protection material is a sheet material having dimensions and strength according to the size of the concrete method frame to be constructed. Use the one composed of rope material. Also, the mortar or concrete spraying or coating work should be done in multiple steps.

[0013]

In the net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention, when one end of each rope material is fixed to the anchor and the other end is pulled and expanded, the end points of the cuts formed in the tape-shaped sheet material ( A force is applied to the sheet material to deform it so that the vertices of the corrugation of the rope material are located on a straight line, the cuts open accordingly, the sheet material bends, and the surface that stands up against the rope material (hereinafter, " A "standing surface") is formed between each cut in the sheet material.

The sheet material thus deformed has a mechanism in which the soil that has been soiled and the mortar that has been sprayed are mainly supported by their upright surfaces to convey their weight to the rope material, and the rope material supports the weight. It shares the two functions required for a net-shaped slope protection material. Therefore, the sheet material is
It is sufficient if it has enough strength to hold the soil from one cut to the next and the rigidity to prevent it from easily falling when applying soil or spraying, while the rope material should be made of sheet material. It only needs to have sufficient tensile strength to support the weight of the soil and mortar added through it, and since materials suitable for the required functions can be used, the overall weight is light and flat before expansion Will be small.

Further, according to the method of manufacturing the slope protection material according to the present invention, the ribbon-shaped sheet material is unidirectionally formed by stacking a plurality of members to which the rope material is fixed in a corrugated shape. Since each rope material is fixed in a net shape while being transported, a net-shaped slope protection material can be continuously manufactured.

The plurality of tape-shaped members are conveyed in a state of being stacked at a predetermined interval because the fixing device must be inserted between the tape-shaped members.
As the fixing means, a means adapted to the material of the sheet material and the rope material is selected.

Further, in the slope protection / vegetation construction method according to the present invention, one end of each rope member of the net-shaped slope protection material is fixed to an anchor placed at the top end or side end of the slope, and the length is fixed. When there is not enough, the rope materials are bundled and a net-shaped slope protection material is added, and the other end of each rope material is pulled and stretched until it becomes straight and fixed to the anchor placed at the lower end or the other end of the slope. To do. By the extension of the rope material, the sheet material forms an upright surface at the cut portion. In this case, if there is unevenness due to a protrusion on the slope, the sheet material that abuts it buckles along the slope, and if the uneven portion is a recess, the sheet material stands up. So it functions to cover the recess. Laying work of such a net-shaped slope protection material is performed over the entire slope. When the slope does not require the soil, the slope protection work is completed as described above, and the net-shaped slope protection material acts to receive the soil that is about to collapse or be washed away from the slope and hold it.

When the soil is applied to the slope, the net-shaped slope protection material is laid and then soil is sprinkled out until the sheet material is almost filled. The sheet material receives the soil on the upright surface, and the rope material supports the weight through the sheet material. If the net-shaped slope protection material is double laid in the direction of crossing, the function of retaining the soil will be increased. After laying a net-shaped slope protection material on the slope and applying it to the soil, or applying greenery to the soil, the soil can be prevented from flowing out until the slope is greened.

When mortar or concrete is sprayed on the entire slope surface on which the net-shaped slope protection material is laid, the net-shaped slope protection material covers the mortar with a wide surface through the sheet material. Since it adheres and holds this, the mortar and the like is held more firmly.

Further, in the method of constructing the method frame according to the present invention, the method frame is formed by enclosing the net-shaped surface protection material stretched on the slope and fixed by the anchor with mortar or concrete. , The ribbon-shaped sheet material,
When sprayed with mortar etc., it acts as a form that can be received on a wide surface, after construction it functions as a horizontal bar, and the rope material functions as a vertical bar that supports the weight of concrete. The rope material is strong because it runs from the upper end to the lower end, and it is supported by the sheet material at a certain height from the slope and is completely wound with concrete, so there is little risk of corrosion.

In this construction method, the construction of the earthworking material to be the reinforcing bar on the slope is simpler than that of the conventional construction method, and the labor of concrete placing (spraying work such as mortar) is the same. For slopes that are acidic soil, use a synthetic resin-coated slope protection material or a slope protection material that does not corrode to prevent rusting of the slope protection material. It is also possible to construct a high-level legal framework by laying it in layers.

[0022]

【Example】

Example 1. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (A) is a plan view and FIG.
(B) is a plan view of a tape-shaped member that is a component thereof,
FIG. 1C is a plan view showing a deformation mode of the sheet material when the tape-shaped member is expanded.

First, the structure of the tape-shaped member 6i is shown in FIG.
(B) will be described. The sheet material 1 has, for example, a width of 10
It is made of thick non-woven fabric with a length of 20 cm and a length of 10-50 m.
The vinylon rope that constitutes the rope member 4 is adhered or sewn and fixed to the triangular wave shape at its top portion 5.
The sheet material 1 is formed with cuts 2 extending from the bottom edge of the triangular corrugation of the rope material 4 to the vicinity of the top 5 of the corrugation alternately from the left and right edges toward the inside. Reinforcing portions 1a, which are impregnated with a synthetic resin or are bonded or sewn with a reinforcing material, are formed on both side edges of the sheet material 1 so that the rigidity of the edge is increased.

For the sheet material 1, in addition to the above-mentioned Examples 1 and 2,
Knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, paper, or those in which synthetic resin is impregnated to increase water resistance and rigidity, and synthetic resin film laminated for the same purpose, synthetic resin sheet, or synthetic resin net material Slope protection is made by combining this with natural fiber such as cotton or hemp or rope made of vinylon, synthetic resin such as nylon, or a blended rope of these or a chain made of synthetic resin.
Suitable for greening.

As the slope protection material for heavy load, a sheet material 1 is a mesh steel plate having good adhesion to concrete, a steel net material such as lath wire mesh, or a material obtained by coating them with a synthetic resin. As the material 2, it is preferable to use a steel wire, a wire rope, a chain made of steel, or a material in which these are covered with a synthetic resin, or a material using a high-strength member such as a rope made of carbon fiber.

The means for fixing the sheet material and the rope material include sewing, braiding, bonding, welding, fastening using a fastening member, etc., depending on the materials used.

FIG. 1 (A) shows the rope members 4 of the tape-shaped member 6i shown in FIG. 1 (B) joined in a net shape at appropriate intervals. It shows a net-shaped slope protection material 6 in which square cells are continuously formed when expanded in the direction. In the first embodiment, a plurality of tape-shaped members 6i shown in FIG. 1B are overlapped and rope members 4 of each member, for example, 6b are alternately left and right on each rope member 4 of adjacent members 6a and 6c. Further, each of them is fixed at a constant interval, and the fixing means firmly connects the two rope members 4 by winding and tightening by a fastening member formed in a C shape, for example. Reference numeral 7 in the figure denotes a connecting portion.

When one end of each rope member 4 of the net-shaped slope protection member 6 constructed as described above is fixed to an anchor and the other end is pulled and stretched to be straight, each tape-shaped member 6i The sheet material 1 is opened from the cut line 2 and is shown in FIG.
As shown in (B), the vicinity of the fixed portion 5 is deformed so that the reinforcing portion 1a stands up with respect to the axis of the rope member 4, and the cuts and cuts in the sheet member 1 are continued. The portion between the two becomes the upright surface 1c. The reinforcing portion 1a has an effect of increasing the rigidity of the upstanding surface 1c and increasing the strength of withstanding the weight of soil such as excavated soil, but it is not always necessary when the sheet material 1 itself has sufficient rigidity. is not.

Example 2. Next, an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
Will be described.

First, an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the tape-shaped member 6i will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows a tape-shaped member 6
It is a top view for explaining the manufacturing process of i, and shows the example which used the mesh steel plate of width W for the sheet material 1, and used the steel wire for the rope material 4. First, the sheet material 1 is left with the starting end of the rope material 4 left for a predetermined length.
The one end 5a is welded by a welding device (not shown).
Next, the rope member 4 is sandwiched by the shift members 8 and is shifted W / 4 in the direction of the arrow B'to the left fixed position (only the shift member at the leftmost end is shown by a broken line) and the sheet member 1 is ½ from the start end. It is sent out in the direction of the pitch arrow A, and at the same time, the welding device (not shown) is shifted to the left by W / 4 and the fixing point 5
The sheet material 1 and the rope material 4 are welded at b.

Next, the sheet material 1 is sent out in the direction of one pitch arrow, and the shift member 8 is shifted by W / 2 in the direction of arrow B to a fixed position (the position shown by the solid line), and at the same time, the welding device is moved to W.
The procedure of shifting to the right by / 2 and welding at the fixing point 5c is repeated to sequentially weld the rope material 4 to the sheet material 1 in a triangular wave shape.

Next, when the sheet material 1 is fed to a position in the direction of the arrow A, the slitter 9 starts cutting with the width W, and then the slit 2 (not shown) is successively formed.

After the rope material 4 is welded to the single sheet material 1 in this manner, the sheet material 1 is continuously supplied, and when the desired length is reached, the end of the rope material 4 is left for a predetermined length. And cut into four tape-shaped members 6i in this example.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a step of forming the tape-shaped member 6i thus obtained on the net-shaped slope protection member 6, and in this embodiment, there are eight tape-shaped members 6a to 6a. 6
The example which joins h is shown, and tape-shaped members 6a-6
In the h, the sheet material 1 is made of steel net material and the rope material 4 is made of steel wire.
On the right side of the figure, the guide rollers 13 hold the sheet by a conveying device (not shown) so that the sheets are folded in a state of being overlapped with each other, and the sheet is sequentially conveyed in a direction of an arrow A at a constant pitch.
The first and second welding devices 10 and 11 which are fixing means are arranged at intervals of 1/2 (feed) pitch in the middle of the conveying path.

Welding electrodes 10a, 1 of the first welding apparatus 10
0b is configured to open and close, and each time the tape-shaped members 6a to 6h are conveyed in the direction of one pitch arrow A, the tape-shaped members 6a and 6b, 6c and 6d, -6g and 6h are rope materials. Weld and fix each. The welding electrodes 11a and 11b of the second welding device 11 are driven to open and close and move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the opening and closing member 12 that also opens and closes in the vertical direction is the first welding device 10
The tape-shaped members 6b and 6c, and 6f and 6g that have passed through are displaced so that the tape-shaped members are in contact with each other, and the electrodes 11a and 11b of the second welding device 11 are spread during the expansion.
Is inserted and the welding point by the first welding device 10 and 1/2
Operates to weld points separated by pitch.

Such welding work is performed by each tape-shaped member 6
The tape-shaped members 6a to 6h having eight strips can be sequentially connected in a net-like manner by carrying out the pitches a to 6h one by one in the direction of the arrow A.

In the above embodiment, an example in which the tape-shaped member is composed of the steel net material and the steel wire is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this example, and the fixing means of the rope material is also made of the material of the rope material. Needless to say, a suitable method is applied, but as a versatile fixing means, for example, C made of steel plate is used.
A method of winding and fastening two rope members with a fastening member formed in a letter shape can be mentioned.

Further, by applying the tape-shaped member shown in FIG. 2 following the manufacturing process, a net-shaped slope protection material can be manufactured from the raw material in a series of steps, thus improving the production efficiency.

Example 3. Next, an embodiment of the slope protection / greening method according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is a plan view of this embodiment, showing a state in which a net-shaped slope protection material 6 is spread on the slope and fixed by an anchor.

In the procedure for laying the net-shaped slope protection material 6 as described above, first, the anchors 14 are driven at predetermined intervals at the top end, lower end and side end of the slope. Next, one end of each rope member 4 of the net-shaped slope protection member 6 is fixed to an anchor placed at the top or side end of the slope, and when the length is insufficient, the rope members 4 are bundled to form a net. The sloped surface protection material 6 is added, and the other end of the rope material 4 is pulled and stretched until it becomes straight, and is fixed to the anchor placed at the lower end or the other end of the sloped surface.

By the extension of the rope member 4, the sheet member 1 forms the upright surface 1c at the cut line 2. In this case, if there is unevenness due to a protrusion on the slope, the sheet material 1 that abuts against it will buckle along the slope, and if the uneven portion is a recess, the sheet material 1 will stand upright. Therefore, it functions to cover the recess. The work for laying the net-like slope protection material 6 is performed over the entire slope. When the slope does not require the soil, the slope protection work is completed as described above, and the net-shaped slope protection material 6 has a function of receiving and holding the soil that is about to collapse or be washed away from the slope.

When the net-shaped slope protection material 6 is laid, the soil-shaped slope protection material 6 is laid, and then soil is sprinkled out until the net-shaped slope protection material 6 is almost filled. The compaction is completed and the earthworking work is completed. The sheet material 1 receives the soil on the upright surface 1c, and the rope material 4 supports the weight thereof through the sheet material 1. If the net-shaped slope protection material 6 is laid in a double direction so as to cross it, the function of holding the soil will be increased. After laying a net-shaped slope protection material 6 on the slope and applying it to the soil, or applying greenery to the soil, the soil can be prevented from flowing out until the slope is greened.

When mortar or concrete is sprayed on the entire slope where the net-shaped slope protection material 6 is laid, the net-shaped slope protection material 6 spreads the mortar through the sheet material 1. Since the mortar and the like are fixed to the surface and held, the mortar and the like are held more firmly.

Example 4. Next, an embodiment of the method of frame construction according to the present invention will be described. Sheet material 1 width 10
A mesh-shaped steel plate having a thickness of 20 cm and a thickness of 1 to 2 mm and a steel wire having a diameter of 6 to 8 mmφ is used for the rope material 4 and the net-shaped slope protection material 6 shown in FIG. 1 (A) is laid on the slope. To form a square mesh on the entire slope. In this case, since the net-shaped slope protection material 6 is rigid, it is spread using a winch or the like.

The sheet material 1 of the stretched net-shaped slope protection material 6 undergoes plastic deformation and becomes self-supporting.
Next, as shown in FIG.
It is firmly fixed to the slope by. Next, mortar or concrete spraying is performed a plurality of times at appropriate time intervals, the net-shaped slope protection material 6 is wrapped with mortar or concrete, and if necessary, ironing is applied.

FIG. 5 is a partially broken perspective view showing a part of the method frame constructed in this way, and 15 is a concrete method frame.

[0047]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention supports the soil such as soil on the standing surface formed by the sheet material when stretched on the slope, holds mortar and the like, and the rope material These weights are supported through the sheet material. Therefore, the sheet material and the rope material share the function of holding the soil and the tensile strength for supporting the weight of the soil, and the members suitable for each function can be selected and combined, making it lightweight. It can be used as a net-shaped slope protection material with excellent function, and it is convenient for storage and transportation because it is flat and has a small packing volume before construction. There is.

Further, according to the method for manufacturing a slope protection material according to the present invention, since the net-shaped slope protection material can be manufactured in one step, there is an effect that productivity is improved. Further, if the tape-shaped member manufacturing process shown in FIG. 2 is performed after the manufacturing process, a net-shaped slope protection material can be manufactured from the raw material in a series of processes, further improving the productivity. ..

Further, according to the slope protection / greening method according to the present invention, the sloped surface is covered with a net-shaped slope protection material, and the soil that has been soiled is held by the rising surface of the sheet material. The runoff of soil can be effectively prevented. Also, when mortar or concrete is sprayed on the slope, the mortar or concrete covers the net slope protection material to form a unit and acts as a reinforcing bar, forming a strong protective surface. be able to.

According to the method of frame construction according to the present invention,
Since the members that will be the reinforcing bars of the slope and the members that will be the formwork are made of a net-shaped slope protector made of sheet material and rope material, there is no need to arrange the formwork and the reinforcing bars on the slope. ,
Since the work of mortar or concrete spraying does not change, there is an effect that the construction is easy as a whole.

Further, in the net-shaped slope protection material, a sheet material having a wide surface serves as a horizontal bar to firmly hold mortar or concrete, and the rope material reasonably functions as a vertical bar that supports these weights. In addition to the structure, the rope material is supported by the sheet material and wound with mortar or concrete at a position away from the slope, so there is an effect that there is little risk of corrosion.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing a ribbon-shaped member that constitutes the net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a method for manufacturing a net-shaped slope protection material according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a slope protection / greening method according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view in which a part of a method frame constructed by an embodiment of the method method of the present invention is cut away.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 sheet material 2 notch 4 rope material 5 fixed part 6a-6i tape-shaped member 6 net-shaped slope protection material 7 connecting member 8 shift member 9 slitter 10 first welding device 11 second welding device 12 spreading member 13 Guide roller 14 Anchor 15 Concrete frame

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A rope material is fixed to a tape-shaped sheet material having flexibility and a predetermined rigidity in a corrugated shape extending in a longitudinal direction thereof, and the tape-shaped sheet material is A plurality of members formed by alternately forming left and right cuts reaching the vicinity of the top of the corrugation from the bottom side edges of the corrugations drawn by the rope material are connected in a net shape at the rope material portion. Slope protection material. 2. A plurality of members, each of which is fixed to a tape-like sheet material and has a fixed corrugated shape and a fixed corrugated shape, are successively conveyed in one direction at an equal pitch while being held in a state of being stacked at a predetermined interval. Along with the progress, a step of fixing the rope material of each member to the rope material of the member on one adjacent side and fixing the rope material of the member on the other adjacent side at a position 1/2 pitch apart in the course of transportation A method for manufacturing a slope protection material, which comprises a step of successively performing one pitch conveyance and connecting in a net shape. 3. A rope material is fixed to a tape-shaped sheet material having flexibility and a predetermined rigidity in a corrugated shape extending in the longitudinal direction, and the tape-shaped sheet material is A plurality of members formed by alternately forming left and right cuts reaching the vicinity of the top of the corrugation from the bottom side edges of the corrugations drawn by the rope material are connected in a net shape at the rope material portion. Spread the slope protection material, lay it on the slope and fix it with anchors, and then cover the slope protection material and the entire slope that can be laid with mortar or concrete by spraying or vegetation with soil. The slope protection and greening method that was applied. 4. A rope material is fixed to a tape-shaped sheet material having flexibility and a predetermined rigidity in a corrugated shape extending in a longitudinal direction thereof, and the tape-shaped sheet material is A plurality of members formed by alternately forming left and right cuts reaching the vicinity of the top of the corrugation from the bottom side edges of the corrugations drawn by the rope material are connected in a net shape at the rope material portion. Spread the slope protection material and lay it on the slope, fix the intersection or connection part of each slope protection material to the slope with an anchor, and then wrap the slope protection material with mortar or concrete. A legal framework method in which coating is applied to build a legal framework.