JPH05192033A - Soil filler, soil, cultivation container and cultivation using these - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a soil filler capable of remarkably improving the growth rate of a plant by coating the filler with a water-repelling material. CONSTITUTION:A plant is cultivated in the presence of a water-repelling material comprising a soil filler produced by coating one part of all of a filler such as foamed polystyrene beads, the ground product of a foamed polystyrene molded product, straws or grasses with a water-repelling material for producing an ideal soil environment for a plant ranging from the cultivation of its seedling to its cultivation and harvest, thereby permitting to remove excessive water, introduce and form air layers between spaces, form an ideal three-phase distribution comprising the solid, gas and liquid phases and remarkably improve the growth rate of the plant. Examples of the water-repelling material used herein include a petroleum wax (e.g. paraffin wax), a compounded wax (e.g. ski wax), a fatty acid (e.g. stearic acid), and natural wax.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil filling material for plant cultivation, a soil, a cultivation container, and a cultivation method using them, and more specifically, a three-phase distribution of solid, gas and liquid by a water-repellent substance. The present invention relates to a soil filling material, a soil, a cultivating container, and a plant cultivating method, which are realized and surprisingly improve the viability.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The roots of plants are generally composed of main roots, lateral roots, and root hairs. Among them, the roots are most important for absorbing water, nutrients, air, etc. from the ground. The thing is root hair, and the degree of root hair growth greatly influences the quality of the plant to be harvested. It is said that the root hair does not grow in a humid condition or in a dry condition, and it is necessary that the so-called solid, gas, and liquid three phases and the temperature are adequately present. However, for example, in the case of the current pot for cultivation, germination and growth are performed by receiving water supply 1 to several times a day after sowing, but the root part after water supply is in a completely wet state, and further before water supply. The roots are exposed to (or close to) dry conditions. In other words, young plant life forms that have just germinated and rooted (hair)
Since it is always exposed to a severe environment called repeated wet-dry, it is naturally grown, and thus ideal root growth and root hair growth / growth are suppressed. Therefore, even if the seedlings are cultivated in the same pot under the same conditions, the seedlings are not uniform, the appearance of the major seedlings, the sick seedlings are mixed and bred, and the same is true for the plants to be harvested.

In recent years, from the viewpoint that the conventional cultivation method is insufficient in the gas phase, in regions such as the Netherlands where the state-of-the-art technology of the seedling industry is possessed, for example, seedling raising pots for raising seedling trays. A method of forming unevenness around the part and inserting a round shaped soil into the seed and sowing, and a method of providing unevenness around the shaped soil are adopted, which are effective for root hair growth. Further, a seedling raising tray having a two-layer structure of an upper layer portion and a lower layer portion, and a system in which the lower layer portion is removed after a certain time has elapsed after germination and the roots are exposed to air have been put into practical use.
These are the air pruning technologies that have recently been attracting attention (methods that control the growth by exposing the roots to the air).
Is an application of.

However, in the former, only the concave portion of the molding soil is exposed to the air, and in the latter, only the exposed lower layer portion is exposed to the gas phase. I can't. Further, in any case, the portion in contact with air tends to become excessive in the vapor phase and become deficient in the other solid phase and liquid phase, and the above-mentioned three phases and temperatures are always maintained in an ideal state. I have a difficult feeling. In addition, in the case of outdoor cultivation without using seedling raising trays, long-term harvest cultivation such as large-scale cultivation of fields and large-scale pot cultivation, and ornamental cultivation, in the case of seedling cultivation, air-pruning technology whose effect is remarkable. It is often the case that it is difficult to introduce, that the effect is not observed, and that the opposite effect is obtained.

On the other hand, it goes without saying that the most important technique for cultivating agricultural products such as fresh vegetables and flowers is the soil environment technique, but it is extremely difficult to cultivate an ideal soil environment, and it is the most studied technique. Is one of the areas that is behind. Today, to improve the soil environment, to obtain good conditions for roots such as water retention, water permeability, breathability, void retention, and heat retention, gravel, sand, clay, organic compost (fiber), etc. are empirically moderately applied. It is common sense to mix seeds in these soils, and seeds are planted or seedlings are planted in these soils, and thereafter fertilizer technology is used for cultivation and harvesting.
Therefore, plants (for example, vegetables) are forcibly cultivated by being soaked with excess fertilizer in defective soil, and soil contamination by residual fertilizer in the soil after harvesting is great. The next crop is cultivated in these soils, but the soil that has been planted for the crops is in the worst state, and it is common today that additional fertilizer is added to the soil to correct it and it is forcibly cultivated. It is the actual condition of cultivation.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention As a result of intensive studies in view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have found that in the presence of a water-repellent substance as a method of cultivating a more ideal soil environment for plants from seedling raising to cultivation harvest. It was found that by cultivating, excess water is excluded and an air layer is introduced and formed in the gaps, an ideal three-phase distribution of solid, gas and liquid is achieved, and the growth rate of plants is dramatically improved. The present invention has been completed.

That is, the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a soil filler obtained by coating a part or all of the filler such as styrofoam beads, crushed styrofoam compacts, straws and grass with a water-repellent substance. The second is a soil obtained by coating a part or all of stones or sand constituting the soil with a water-repellent substance, and the third of the present invention comprises a granular or powdery substance of the water-repellent substance. A fourth aspect of the present invention is the fourth aspect of the present invention, which is a cultivation container in which a part or all of the inner surface of the container is coated with a water-repellent substance.
Are the contents of a method for cultivating a plant, which is characterized by cultivating the soil filler, the soil, and the container in combination. Incidentally, it goes without saying that the above-mentioned soil includes cultivated soil.

The water-repellent substance used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, petroleum wax such as paraffin W and microcrystalline W; compounded wax such as car wax, ski wax and polish wax; silicone;
Fluorine compounds; fatty acids such as stearic acid; animals, plants,
Examples include solid natural waxes such as minerals. These are used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable to use those water-repellent substances having a melting point of room temperature or higher because they are easy to use.
Even if it is below room temperature, there is little transfer to soil and water,
It can be used if it causes less damage to plants. Particularly in the case of a liquid, one having a high viscosity is preferable.

The water-repellent material is expanded polystyrene beads,
Space / air layer forming material in cultivating soil and soil, such as styrofoam crushed product, various soil fillers such as straw mixed with air permeability improving or compost, fibrous substances such as grass, cultivating soil and It is applied to the surface of a cultivating container such as stones and sand, planters, and flower pots that constitute soil (in the case of a cultivating container, the inner surface of the container part) and covers all or part of them. Further, a granular material, a powdery material or the like of the water-repellent substance may be directly mixed into the soil or soil.

The method of coating the water-repellent substance is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dipping method, a spraying method and a brush coating method. The thickness of the water-repellent substance layer is not particularly limited, but usually,
A sufficient effect can be obtained in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

The cultivation method of the present invention uses a soil-filling material coated with a water-repellent substance, similarly stones or sand are mixed into the soil or soil, and / or a soil or soil containing the water-repellent substance, and / or It is a method of cultivating a plant using a cultivation container coated with a water-repellent substance. Soil filler coated with water repellent material,
Needless to say, the soil or soil containing stones, sand, and a water-repellent substance can be widely applied not only to small plot cultivation fields such as flower beds, back grounds and gardens, but also to large-scale cultivation fields such as fields.

[0012]

According to the present invention, by culturing in the presence of a water-repellent substance, excess water is removed and air is introduced into the gaps, and an ideal three-phase distribution of solid, gas and liquid is realized. It is thought that this is due to a matter. In particular, a water-repellent microspace that is formed next to the water-repellent substance is formed, but the outermost layer of the water-repellent microspace must have water that has been water-repellent in the form of a layer, a surface, or dots, together with the soil. Therefore, it is considered that the most favorable soil environment for roots will be cultivated. Therefore, the development of roots, especially hair roots, is especially prevalent in this special soil environment. For example, to explain using a pot for cultivation as an example, in the case of a conventional pot in which a water-repellent substance layer is not formed,
At the contact area between the pot surface and the soil, the water retention of the soil, the hydrophilicity (wettability) of the pot surface, and the surface tension of water on the pot surface exert a synergistic effect, so There is a big difference in the environment for the cultivation of the outer layer of the soil. For example, when the density distribution of water in the pot cross-section direction after water supply is measured, as shown in FIG. 1, the water retention amount increases from the center toward the pot surface (peripheral soil layer), especially near the perimeter of the soil and The layer composed of the pot surface is the highest, and the pot surface is completely wet.

Further, a water film is formed in the recesses and small gaps formed naturally on the surface of the soil and the pot, and the outer peripheral layer of the soil constituted by these is in an excessively wet state,
It can be said that it is a very harsh environment for root growth, which constantly requires air. Then, at the time of the next water supply, the outer peripheral layer of the cultivated soil may still be kept in a wet state even though the central portion of the pot is in a dry state. On the contrary, if water is supplied by using the dry condition of the outer peripheral layer of the soil as a guide, the central part of the pot is likely to be excessively dry, and it is difficult to set the water supply timing.

On the other hand, when the surface of the pot is coated with the water-repellent substance according to the present invention, for example, if the hole at the bottom of the pot is plugged to fill only the water in the pot, the water-repellent effect of the water-repellent substance is naturally obtained. From this, it can be confirmed that the water has a repelling force at the center of the pot and forms a slight water-repellent gap in which a thin air layer is formed on the pot surface. This is a phenomenon that is very similar to the state where drops of water appear on the leaves of the lotus flower and appear to be silver and roll on the surface of the leaves. When such pots are filled with sprinkling soil and sprinkled with water, it appears near the pot surface due to the synergistic effect of the water retention of the sprouts, the hydrophilicity (wetness) of the pot surface, and the surface tension of water on the pot surface, which appears when using conventional pots. The water-retaining power condition of the surface of the cultivating soil is broken by the water repellency of the surface of the pot, and it becomes impossible to form the outer peripheral layer of the cultivating soil surface in an excessively wet state in a conventional pot. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the water density distribution in the cross section of the pot coated with the water-repellent substance after sprinkling shows a completely different distribution from the conventional type shown in FIG. By the way, using a conventional pot of the same size and under the same conditions and a pot coated with a water-repellent substance, using the same soil, and filling the same amount of water from the upper surface of the soil with the same filling amount, and from the lower drain hole 30 minutes later. When the amount of drainage is measured,
The amount of drainage is the result of "conventional pot <pot covered with water-repellent substance", and the effect of forming the water-repellent substance layer is recognized. From the above, as compared with the conventional wetting gradient from the outer periphery in the pot cross-sectional direction to the center and the high level of wetting of the soil outer peripheral layer, the wet gradient is greatly improved in the water repellent substance-coated pot and the outer peripheral layer of the soil is It is considered that the wetness level of cultivated roots was also significantly improved, a uniform and moderate three-phase condition was formed, and that better rooting conditions were secured for the roots.

In particular, when a plug seedling is bred in a seedling raising tray provided with a pot whose surface is coated with a water-repellent substance, when the seedling is grown on the pot surface, a so-called water-repellent layer (thin film air layer) region,
Root hairs are generated and grown remarkably, and root pots that are not possible with conventional pots are easily formed regardless of the short period of 2-3 weeks from sowing to planting. Therefore, the rooting ability after transplanting and planting is further improved. Can be increased. In seedling raising and cultivation techniques, it is said that the roots often chase water and grow by chasing air, but the outer peripheral layer of the soil containing the water-repellent substance-coated surface is ideal for roots because it can coexist with moderate humidity and moderate air. To create a sustainable environment and improve the quality of seedlings and plants (leaves, stems,
It is thought that the root will be improved.

Even when the soil filler coated with a water-repellent substance, stone or sand is mixed in the soil or soil, or when the granular or powdery substance of the water-repellent substance is directly mixed in the soil or soil. It is considered that the same phenomenon as above occurs on the surface of the water repellent material layer. The growth of the roots of these plants not only forms an excellent rooting state, but also enhances the fertilizer absorption capacity of the fertilizer in the soil, and even if it is not soaked with excess fertilizer, it grows better than the conventional method with a suitable fertilizer, It will bring about harvesting, soil contamination by fertilizer after cropping will be greatly improved, and it will be possible to shorten the harvest date. In addition, the growth of roots also has a positive effect on the depth direction in the soil, resulting in a better result of withstanding a shortage of water for a long time as compared with the conventional method. This is considered to be due to the difference in water absorption capacity of soil water. The present invention breaks away from the conventional research area for raising seedlings,
This is an epoch-making invention that pioneered a completely new seedling raising and cultivation technology area.

[0017]

The present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples, but the invention is not intended to be limited thereto. Example A paper-made cultivation pot and a vinyl chloride sheet vacuum-formed cultivation pot having an upper diameter of 200 mm, a lower diameter of 160 mm, and a height of 220 mm were immersed in molten polyethylene wax, and the thickness of each pot was about 0. A 3 mm polyethylene wax film was formed. Mimasa horticultural soil (trade name) was placed in the obtained pot, and the lettuce coating seed was sown. For comparison, the same seedling raising test was carried out using a paper cultivation pot without a polyethylene wax film and a vacuum forming cultivation pot made of a vinyl chloride resin sheet. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0018]

As is clear from the results of Table 1, according to the present invention, the viability, the root-potting property of the surface of the soil, the shape-preserving property of the soil, the number of root hairs generated, the length of the root hair, and the distance from the pot at the time of harvesting. It can be seen that the moldability and the viability after planting are extremely good, and the unevenness of growth is greatly improved. The present invention, as described above,
It is considered that by culturing in the presence of the water-repellent substance layer, excess water is removed and air is introduced into the gap, and an ideal three-phase distribution of solid, gas and liquid is realized. . This not only solves the problem of root pain due to excessive dryness due to the air pruning method, the occurrence of root aging, but compared to the air pruning method limited during seedling raising,
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be introduced not only during seedling raising but also in the soil environment during cultivation after planting, and it is possible to consistently exert its effects from seedling raising, planting, cultivation, and harvesting, as well as improving quality and yield. It is a completely new cultivation technique that also contributes to the prevention of soil pollution, river and marsh lake pollution due to excessive fertilizer.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a water density distribution in a pot cross-sectional direction after water supply in a conventional cultivation pot.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a water density distribution in a pot cross-sectional direction after water supply in a cultivation pot covered with a water-repellent substance.

[Table 1]

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A soil filler obtained by coating a part or all of a filler such as styrofoam beads, a crushed product of styrofoam, straw or grass with a water repellent substance. 2. A soil obtained by coating a part or all of stones or sand constituting the soil with a water-repellent substance. 3. Soil containing a granular or powdery substance of a water-repellent substance. 4. A cultivation container in which a part or all of the inner surface of the container is coated with a water-repellent substance. 5. A method for cultivating a plant, which comprises cultivating using the soil filling material according to claim 1. 6. A method for cultivating a plant, which comprises cultivating using the soil according to claim 2. 7. A method for cultivating a plant, which comprises cultivating using the soil according to claim 3. 8. A method for cultivating a plant, which comprises cultivating using the cultivation container according to claim 4.