JPH05164713A - Apparatus and method for measuring ignition point - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable measurement of the temperature of an ignition point in a state of a high-boiling hydrocarbon composition not being decomposed, without possibility of explosion, by a method wherein a mixture of a sample of the hydrocarbon composition and air is atomized in a combustion chamber by an atomizing nozzle and ignition of the mixture is checked up visually. CONSTITUTION:A small-sized compressor 4 raises the pressure of air and makes it flow. An air heater 3, a temperature sustaining heater 10 of a combustion chamber 8 and a heater 10 of an oil vessel 1 are operated for heating. When the temperatures of the air heater 3, the oil vessel 1, the combustion chamber 8, etc. are raised to prescribed ones respectively, the pressure and flow rate of the air are regulated to prescribed values. Next, a valve of an oil vessel bypass line 9 for the air is closed, the pressure inside the oil vessel 1 is raised by a nitrogen gas, the main valve of the oil vessel 1 is opened thereafter and oil is injected into a chamber nozzle 7. The oil is atomized in the nozzle 7 by the heated air and sprayed into the combustion chamber 8 having a visual structure. When ignition occurs within ten seconds after spraying, the oil is judged to be ignited at the temperature at this time.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ignition point measuring device for a high boiling point hydrocarbon composition which is liquid, solid or pasty at room temperature, and a method for measuring the ignition point thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the ignition point has been measured by ASTM E-
659 method (Standard Test Method of Auto ignition Tem
In a perature of Liquid Chemicals), place a 500 cm ³ spherical flask at a constant temperature and put about 0.1 m in it.
This is a method in which 1 sample is added and the lowest temperature at which ignition occurs within 10 minutes is determined. Since the test container of the ASTM E-659 method is a glass flask, dropping a large amount of the sample may cause an explosion. This ASTM E-65
Standard Test Method of Auto ignition Temper
ature of Liquid Chemicals) contrasts liquid chemicals, but there is a supplementary statement that "solid chemicals that melt and evaporate at temperatures below the ignition temperature are also targeted", but this In such a case, an appropriate combustion air-fuel mixture could not be formed, resulting in a steamed state and no ignition. Based on this fact, the ASTM E-659 method has a high boiling point of the sample and a small amount of vaporized sample.
Since the internal volume of the 00 ml flask is too large, a mixture with a combustible concentration cannot be generated, so it does not ignite, so the temperature of the flask is further raised and the sample is put in, so the sample decomposes and becomes a combustible concentration in the flask and ignites. . Therefore, it does not mean that the flash point of the sample is measured. Therefore, it is not suitable as a method for measuring the ignition point of a hydrocarbon composition having a high boiling point.

As a reference, the ASTM D-2883 method (Standard Test Method for Reaction Threshold Temp)
erature of Liquid and Solid Materials). On the other hand, in the thermal analysis method (differential thermal analysis-thermobalance analysis), the sample and the thermally inactive reference substance (aluminum oxide) are placed in the same container (internal volume: 0.2 to 0.5 ml), and both are subjected to the same conditions Then, the ambient temperature is raised at a constant rate, and the temperature difference (differential temperature) between the two is continuously measured.
Exothermic reaction (combustion) when the temperature of the sample side rises in this test
Means When measured by this method, ASTM E-
The value is considerably lower than the ignition point by the 659 method.
However, the thermal analysis method (differential thermal-thermal balance analysis) has a drawback that the state of ignition of the sample (whether preflame, hot flame or cold flame) cannot be visually confirmed. The thermal analysis method suggests that the items that may ignite below 300 ° C should be summarized. Therefore,
With conventional techniques, it is not possible to visually confirm the ignition temperature of a high-boiling hydrocarbon composition which is liquid, solid or pasty at room temperature.

[0004]

[Purpose] The present invention provides an accurate, simple and reproducible ignition point of a high-boiling hydrocarbon composition which is liquid, solid or pasty at room temperature without decomposition, and has no risk of explosion. An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device which can be visually confirmed and a method for measuring an ignition point using the measuring device.

[0005]

According to the present invention, as a necessary condition for combustion, (i) a combustible substance is appropriately mixed with air, and (ii) the temperature of the atmosphere is lowered when the liquid is evaporated. That is, when the temperature of the atmosphere is low, the oil is cooled and does not ignite even if the temperature of the oil is high. On the contrary, even if the oil temperature is low, it will ignite if the temperature of the atmosphere is high,
It is necessary to create an ambient temperature close to the ignition point, and (iii) the heavy hydrocarbon composition is ASTM E-659.
The method does not ignite when the sample volume is 0.1 ml (100 μ
It is thought that this is because the amount of vapor is too small to make a combustion mixture because only a small amount of light hydrocarbons are vaporized even at the ignition temperature because it is small as l). , Paying attention to the fact that the amount of test sample should be increased and the amount of generated steam should be increased, etc., ignition of high boiling point hydrocarbons that are liquid, solid or pasty at room temperature, without the risk of explosion, We have developed the following ignition point measuring device and measuring method that can be visually confirmed in a safe state, and by which the ignition point temperature can be measured accurately and easily.

The apparatus for measuring the ignition point temperature of a hydrocarbon composition sample of the present invention comprises a nozzle for spraying the sample into the combustion chamber, a member (1) for measuring the ignition point temperature and the inside thereof. An ignition point temperature measuring device, characterized in that it has a combustion chamber (2) of the mixture in a sprayed state, each having a structure capable of

One specific example of the ignition point measuring device of the present invention is shown in FIG.
It will be explained based on. The device comprises a small compressor 4 for producing compressed air, a buffer tank 6 for storing the compressed air and a heater 3 for the air, in order to supply the air for atomizing the oil to the chamber nozzle 7. Further, in order to pressurize and supply the oil to the chamber nozzle 7, it has an oil tank 1 having an oil heating member 2 and a nitrogen cylinder 5 for pressurizing the inside of the oil tank 1, and further atomizes the oil by air. It is composed of a chamber nozzle 7 and a combustion chamber 8 equipped with a measuring member for measuring the ignition point temperature.

The combustion chamber 8 needs to have a structure in which ignition of a test sample of a hydrocarbon composition can be visually observed from the outside. As such a structure, the entire combustion chamber or a part thereof may be made of a heat-resistant and fire-resistant transparent material, or a member such as a sight glass may be provided to make it visible. Further, as the measuring member for measuring the ignition point temperature, any means conventionally used for measuring the internal temperature of a heating furnace or the like is adopted,
Examples of such means include using a temperature sensor.

A method for measuring the ignition point temperature of a hydrocarbon composition sample using the above apparatus will be described. The air is boosted by the small compressor 4 and flows. After flowing the air, the air heater, the heat retaining heater in the combustion chamber and the oil tank heater are heated. The heated air passes through the atomizing line and the oil container bypass line to warm the piping. When the air heater, the outlet temperature, the oil container temperature, the combustion chamber, and the outside temperature are respectively raised to predetermined temperatures, the air pressure and the air flow rate are adjusted to constant values. Next, the valve of the air oil container bypass line 9 is closed, the inside of the oil tank 1 heated to a predetermined temperature is pressurized to a predetermined pressure with nitrogen gas, and then the original valve of the oil tank 1 is opened. The oil is pressed into the chamber nozzle 7. The oil is atomized by the heated air in the chamber nozzle 7 and sprayed into the combustion chamber. If ignition occurs within 10 seconds after spraying, it is determined that ignition has occurred at that temperature.

[0010]

Example Using the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1, heavy oil A having the properties shown in Table 1 was adopted as a sample oil. A 5 liter sample was placed in an oil tank, and an ignition point temperature measurement test was performed under the conditions of air temperature, oil temperature, chamber temperature, spray oil amount, air flow rate and air pressure as shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

Test No. 2 in Table 2 Oil temperature is 2 as shown in 4
At 80 ° C and ambient temperature of 210 ° C, no ignition occurred.
Test No. As shown in Fig. 5, since the oil temperature was 248 ° C and the temperature of the atmosphere was 270 ° C, the ignition point of the oil did not depend on the oil temperature but on the ambient temperature in which it was placed. ing. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The test apparatus of the present invention and the test method of the present invention are effective for the ignition point test of a hydrocarbon composition in a spray state. The measuring apparatus and measuring method of the present invention are mainly applied to heavy oil (initial distillation 273 ° C to end point 500 ° C), and the ignition point means heating a sample under specified conditions. Is the lowest sample temperature at which a mixed gas of oil vapor and air burns.

[0012]

[Effect] When the ignition point measuring device of the present invention is used, the ignition point of a high boiling hydrocarbon composition in a state where it does not decompose can be accurately determined.
It is easy and reproducible, and there is no danger of explosion, so it can be visually confirmed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an ignition point measuring device for a hydrocarbon composition of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Oil Container 2 Oil Heating Device 3 Atomizing Air Heating Device 4 Air Pressurizing Compressor 5 Nitrogen Cylinder 6 Buffer Tank 7 Spray Nozzle 8 Combustion Chamber 9 Oil Container Bypass Line 10 Heater TI Temperature Sensor PG Pressure Gauge

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Takehiko Kishibe 3-1, Mizue-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Toa Oil Co., Ltd. Kawasaki Refinery (72) Akira Nakae Mizue, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Town No. 3 Toa Oil Co., Ltd. Kawasaki Refinery

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A spray nozzle (1) for a mixture of a hydrocarbon composition sample and air, a member for measuring the ignition point temperature, and the mixture in a spray state, each of which has a structure capable of visually observing the inside thereof. An ignition point temperature measuring device for a hydrocarbon composition, characterized in that it has a combustion chamber (2). 2. A heated compressed air supply system including an air supply member, a compressor for the air, and a heating member, and a heating and pressurized oil supply system including an oil heating member and a pressurizing member for pressurizing the inside of the oil tank, respectively. Hydrocarbon having a spray nozzle (1) and a combustion chamber (2) for the mixture in a spray state, each of which has a member for measuring the ignition point temperature and a structure capable of visually observing the inside thereof. An ignition point temperature measuring device for a composition. 3. Using the measuring apparatus according to claim 1, a mixture of a hydrocarbon composition sample and air is atomized into a combustion chamber by a spray nozzle, and the ignition of the sample is visually confirmed by visually confirming its ignition. How to measure the point temperature.