JPH0515465B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0515465B2 JPH0515465B2 JP59146782A JP14678284A JPH0515465B2 JP H0515465 B2 JPH0515465 B2 JP H0515465B2 JP 59146782 A JP59146782 A JP 59146782A JP 14678284 A JP14678284 A JP 14678284A JP H0515465 B2 JPH0515465 B2 JP H0515465B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- equalizer
- fluid
- chamber
- artificial kidney
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002637 fluid replacement therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000009123 Fibrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010073385 Fibrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fibrin monomer Chemical compound CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CN BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003499 fibrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002615 hemofiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の属する技術分野〕
この発明は、血液の透析ないし過を行う人工
腎臓装置に係り、特に血液の透析ないしは過作
用を行う半透膜（過膜）の目詰り防止を有効に
行うことができるよう系統構成した人工腎臓装置
に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] [Technical field to which the invention pertains] This invention relates to an artificial kidney device that performs dialysis or filtration of blood, and in particular, it relates to an artificial kidney device that performs dialysis or filtration of blood, and in particular, a method for preventing clogging of a semipermeable membrane (membrane) that performs dialysis or filtration of blood. The present invention relates to an artificial kidney device systemically configured to effectively prevent the disease.
従来、血液の透析、透析過、ヘモフイルトレ
ーシヨンにおいて、これらの透析ないし過の処
理に半透膜が使用され、の膜の限外過作用によ
り血液側の血中水分を透析液または液側に除水
させている。この場合、従来の透析ないし過方
法においては、常に血液側の圧力を透析液または
液側の圧力より高く保持し、血中水分の移動方
向を常に血液側から透析液または液側へ指向さ
せている。このため、血液側と透析液または液
側とを画成している膜の細孔に血液中の蛋白質等
が付着して目詰りを生起し、経時的に膜の除水能
力が低下する。
Conventionally, in blood dialysis, dialysis, and hemofiltration, semipermeable membranes have been used for these dialysis or filtration processes. The water is removed. In this case, in conventional dialysis or dialysis methods, the pressure on the blood side is always maintained higher than the pressure on the dialysate or liquid side, and the direction of movement of blood water is always directed from the blood side to the dialysate or liquid side. There is. Therefore, proteins in the blood adhere to the pores of the membrane that defines the blood side and the dialysate or liquid side, causing clogging, and the water removal ability of the membrane decreases over time.
また、この種の膜を内蔵して構成した透析器な
いしは過器は、非常に高価であるにも拘らず、
これを複数人の血液浄化処理に使用する場合、血
清肝炎等の感染の危険があることから血液系部品
を含めて一人一回の使い捨てが余儀なくされてい
る。 Furthermore, although dialyzers or dialysis machines that incorporate this type of membrane are extremely expensive,
When this device is used for blood purification treatment for multiple people, there is a risk of infection such as serum hepatitis, so it is necessary to dispose of it once per person, including the blood system parts.
このような観点から、透析液または液側の圧
力を血液側の圧力よりも相対的に高くして、膜に
対する液の移動方向を逆転することにより、いわ
ゆる膜の逆洗を行つて透析器ないしは過器の長
期的使用を図る方法が提案されている。しかしな
がら、一般に血液系部品には、血液と接触するこ
とより、血液滞留部や系拡大部でフイブリンの付
着や血液凝固を生じ、治療終了後の洗浄が困難で
ある。このため、洗浄不完全で再使用した際に
は、前記付着物や凝固物が剥離して体内に流入
し、血管を閉塞する可能性があり、極めて危険で
ある。 From this point of view, by making the pressure on the dialysate or liquid side relatively higher than the pressure on the blood side and reversing the direction of movement of the liquid relative to the membrane, so-called backwashing of the membrane can be performed and the dialyzer or Methods have been proposed to ensure the long-term use of overheating devices. However, in general, when blood system components come into contact with blood, fibrin adhesion and blood coagulation occur in blood retention areas and system expansion areas, making it difficult to clean them after completion of treatment. Therefore, if the device is reused after incomplete cleaning, the deposits and coagulation may peel off and flow into the body, potentially occluding blood vessels, which is extremely dangerous.
従つて、できるだけ血液系の部品交換を安価に
実現し、病院等における人工腎臓装置の稼動率を
向上するためにも、透析器ないしは過器の洗浄
を無菌的にしかも完全に行うことが必要とされ
る。そこで、前述した膜の逆洗を有効に行う手段
として、液側の圧力を血液側の圧力よりも相対
的に高くする通液圧形成手段であつて、例えば透
析液側の膜への流入側と流出側にそれぞれ供給ポ
ンプと送出ポンプを設け、前記送出ポンプの吐出
量を前記供給ポンプの吐出量より相対的に多くす
ることにより、前記液側から血液側への通液を
行う方法が提案されている。 Therefore, in order to replace parts of the blood system as cheaply as possible and improve the operating rate of artificial kidney equipment in hospitals, it is necessary to clean dialyzers or dialyzers completely and sterilely. be done. Therefore, as a means for effectively backwashing the membrane as described above, there is a fluid flow pressure forming means that makes the pressure on the liquid side relatively higher than the pressure on the blood side. A proposed method is to provide a supply pump and a delivery pump on the outflow side and to make the discharge volume of the delivery pump relatively larger than the discharge volume of the supply pump, thereby passing the liquid from the liquid side to the blood side. has been done.
しかしながら、この種の逆洗方法では、急速に
液流の逆転を行うようにした場合、血液側流路内
の流速が急激にに増大し、流路内圧力が急上昇し
て流路外れや生体に衝撃を与える危険があり、操
作上多くの問題がある。 However, in this type of backwashing method, when the liquid flow is rapidly reversed, the flow velocity in the blood side flow path increases rapidly, and the pressure in the flow path rises rapidly, causing the flow path to become disconnected and the living body There is a risk of shock to the machine, and there are many operational problems.
本発明の目的は、比較的簡単な構成で血液浄化
器（透析器または濾過器５における透析膜（半透
膜または濾過膜）の逆洗を有効かつ効率的に達成
し、血液浄化器の性能の低下を防止し、再使用に
際しても血液系部品の交換を簡易かつ低コストに
実現し、簡便な操作で生体に対しても安全に取扱
うことができる人工腎臓装置を提供することにあ
る。
An object of the present invention is to effectively and efficiently backwash the dialysis membrane (semipermeable membrane or filtration membrane) in a blood purifier (dialyzer or filter 5) with a relatively simple configuration, and improve the performance of the blood purifier. It is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial kidney device that prevents a decrease in blood pressure, realizes simple and low-cost replacement of blood system parts even when reused, and can be safely handled even for a living body by simple operation.
本発明に係る人工腎臓装置は、血液系と浄化液
系とを透析膜を介して画成する血液浄化器を設け
て血液の浄化を行う人工腎臓装置において、
密閉された所定容積のチヤンバとこのチヤンバ
内に収納された可撓性血液バツグとからなる等価
器を設け、前記浄化液系の血液浄化器の流出側を
分岐してこれを前記等価器のチヤンバに連通接続
すると共に、前記血液系の血液浄化器の流出側を
分岐してこれを前記等価器の血液バツグに連通接
続し、前記分岐系の浄化液系と連通する一部に可
逆送液手段を流量を検出する手段とを設け、前記
流量を検出する手段により等価器のチヤンバ内に
おける液の充満および空状態を検出して、前記可
逆送液手段の逆送切換を行うことにより前記血液
浄化器内の圧力条件を変化させて、前記透析膜に
対し透析濾過および逆洗を交互に行うよう構成す
ることを特徴とする。また、前記の人工腎臓装置
において、分岐系の浄化液系と連通する一部に設
ける流量を検出する手段に代えて、等価器のチヤ
ンバ内に圧力を検出する手段を設け、この圧力を
検出する手段により前記チヤンバ内における液の
充満および空状態を検出するように構成すること
もできる。
An artificial kidney device according to the present invention purifies blood by providing a blood purifier that defines a blood system and a purification fluid system via a dialysis membrane. An equalizer consisting of a flexible blood bag housed in a chamber is provided, the outflow side of the blood purifier of the purification fluid system is branched and connected to the chamber of the equalizer, and the blood system The outflow side of the blood purifier is branched and connected to the blood bag of the equalizer, and a reversible liquid feeding means is provided in a part of the branch system communicating with the purification liquid system, and a means for detecting the flow rate is provided. , detecting the fullness and empty state of the liquid in the chamber of the equalizer by the means for detecting the flow rate, and changing the pressure conditions in the blood purifier by switching the reversible liquid feeding means to reverse feeding; , characterized in that the dialysis membrane is configured to perform diafiltration and backwashing alternately. Further, in the artificial kidney device described above, a means for detecting pressure is provided in the chamber of the equalizer in place of the means for detecting the flow rate provided in the part communicating with the purification liquid system of the branch system, and this pressure is detected. It may also be configured to detect the fullness and emptying of liquid in the chamber by means of means.
前記の人工腎臓装置において、浄化液系は透析
液系からなり、この透析液系は血液浄化器として
の透析器の流入側と流出側にそれぞれ給液手段を
送出手段とを備え、前記透析器と送出手段との間
に除水ポンプを備えた除水系を接続すると共に可
逆送液手段を介して等価器を分岐接続して構成す
ることができる。 In the above-mentioned artificial kidney device, the purifying fluid system is composed of a dialysing fluid system, and this dialysing fluid system is provided with fluid supply means and delivery means on the inflow side and outflow side of the dialyzer as a blood purifier, respectively, and the dialyzer A water removal system including a water removal pump may be connected between the pump and the delivery means, and an equalizer may be branched and connected via a reversible liquid sending means.
また、浄化液系は濾液系からなり、この濾液系
は血液浄化器としての濾過器より除水ポンプを介
して導出し、血液系の濾過器の流出側に補液ポン
プを介して補液系を接続し、前記濾過器と除水ポ
ンプとの間に可逆送液手段
を介して等価器を分岐接続して構成することがで
きる。 In addition, the purification fluid system consists of a filtrate system, and this filtrate system is led out from a filter serving as a blood purifier via a water removal pump, and a fluid replacement system is connected to the outflow side of the blood system filter through a fluid replacement pump. However, an equalizer may be branched and connected between the filter and the water removal pump via a reversible liquid feeding means.
次に、本発明に係る人工腎臓装置の実施例につ
き添付図面を参照しながら以下詳細に説明する。
Next, embodiments of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は本発明装置の一実施例を示す系統図で
ある。すなわち、第１図において、参照符号１０
は、透析膜としての半透膜または濾過膜１２によ
つて、血液側と浄化液（透析液または濾液）側と
を画成した血液浄化器としての透析器または濾過
器（以下、単に透析器と称する）を示す。この透
析器１０には、それぞれ血液系１４を透析膜（
液）系１６とが連通接続され、血液系１４に血液
送液ポンプP5を設けると共に透析液系１６に給
液手段としての給液ポンプP2と送出手段として
の送出ポンプP3とを設ける。なお、前記透析液
系１６の透析器１０と送出ポンプP3との間に除
水ポンプP4を設けた除水系が分岐接続される。
しかるに、本発明においては、前記透析液系１６
の透析器１０の流出側と血液系１４の透析器１０
の流出側とを圧力の等価的置換を行う等価器２０
により非接触状態に接続することを特徴とするも
のである。そこで、本実施例において、前記等価
器２０は、密閉された所定容積のチヤンバ２２内
に可撓性血液バツグ２４を収納した構成からな
り、前記チヤンバ２２は流量計２６および可逆送
液手段としての可逆転ポンプP1を介して透析液
系１６の透析器１０と送出ポンプP3との間に連
通接続し、一方前記血液バツグ２４は血液系１４
の透析器１０の流出側に連通接続する。 FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. That is, in FIG.
A dialyzer or filter (hereinafter simply referred to as a dialyzer) is a blood purifier in which a blood side and a purified fluid (dialysate or filtrate) side are defined by a semipermeable membrane or filtration membrane 12 as a dialysis membrane. ). This dialyzer 10 has a blood system 14 and a dialysis membrane (
The blood system 14 is provided with a blood liquid feeding pump P5 , and the dialysate system 16 is provided with a liquid feeding pump P2 as a liquid supply means and a delivery pump P3 as a delivery means. . Note that a water removal system including a water removal pump P4 is branched and connected between the dialyzer 10 of the dialysate system 16 and the delivery pump P3 .
However, in the present invention, the dialysate system 16
The outflow side of the dialyzer 10 and the dialyzer 10 of the blood system 14
An equalizer 20 that performs equivalent pressure replacement with the outflow side of
It is characterized by a non-contact connection. Therefore, in this embodiment, the equalizer 20 has a structure in which a flexible blood bag 24 is housed in a sealed chamber 22 having a predetermined volume, and the chamber 22 functions as a flowmeter 26 and a reversible liquid transfer means. A reversible pump P 1 is connected in communication between the dialyzer 10 and the delivery pump P 3 of the dialysate system 16, while the blood bag 24 is connected to the blood system 14.
is connected to the outflow side of the dialyzer 10.
ところで、通常この種の系統構成からなる人工
腎臓装置において、透析時における透析液流量
は、給液ポンプP2と送出ポンプP3との吐出量が
QD1＝QD2であり、除水ポンプP4による除水量QD3
は微少であるから、血液系１４における透析器１
０を経て体内へ返送される血液量QB2は、血液送
液ポンプP5による送液量QB1に対しQB2＝QB1―
QD3となり、略安定した流量となる。次いで、透
析器１０内に設けられた膜１２の逆洗を行う際に
は、透析液側から血液側へ急激に透析液を流入さ
せる必要がある。 By the way, in an artificial kidney device that usually has this type of system configuration, the dialysate flow rate during dialysis is determined by the discharge amount of the fluid supply pump P 2 and the delivery pump P 3 .
Q D1 = Q D2 , and the amount of water removed by water removal pump P4 Q D3
is minute, so the dialyzer 1 in the blood system 14
The amount of blood Q B2 returned to the body through 0 is the amount Q B1 of blood sent by the blood pump P 5 , Q B2 = Q B1 -
Q D3 , resulting in a nearly stable flow rate. Next, when backwashing the membrane 12 provided in the dialyzer 10, it is necessary to rapidly flow the dialysate from the dialysate side to the blood side.
そこで、前記実施例からなる本発明装置におい
ては、等価器２０のチヤンバ２２および血液バツ
グ２４内のエア抜きを完全に行つてそれぞれ透析
液系１６および血液系１４と連通し、透析時に予
め可逆転ポンプP1を運転してチヤンバ２２内に
透析液を充填しておく。従つて、この際、血液バ
ツグ２４はチヤンバ２２内において透析液に押圧
され、バツグ２４内の血液は血液系１４へ押出さ
れることになる。このようにして、血液バツグ２
４がチヤンバ２２内に充填された透析液により密
着状態になると、チヤンバ２２内の透析液の充填
は困難となり、流量計26の表示は“０”となる。
この時、可逆転ポンプP1を逆転すれば、チヤン
バ２２内の透析液が透析液系１６に流出して透析
器１０内の膜１２を逆洗することができる。しか
も、この場合、チヤンバ２２内から透析液が流出
した液量分に比例して血液バツグ２４が膨張し、
バツグ内に血液系１４より血液を流入させること
ができる。すなわち、透析液系１６で増加した透
析液の液量q′に対し、透析系１４において同量の
血液が血液バツグ２４内へ回集されて低減される
ことになる。この結果、透析器１０を経て体内へ
返送される血液流量は常に変動することく、一定
に保持することができる。なお、血液バツグ２４
のチヤンバ２２内における最大膨張は、チヤンバ
２２から流出する透析液が全て排出され、流量計
２６の表示が“０”となることによつて検出され
る。従つて、この時可逆転ポンプP1を再逆転さ
せれば、前述したチヤンバ２２内への透析液の充
填が開始され、透析器１０においては通常の血液
透析作用が行われる。 Therefore, in the device of the present invention comprising the above-mentioned embodiment, the chamber 22 of the equalizer 20 and the blood bag 24 are completely vented and communicated with the dialysate system 16 and blood system 14, respectively, and are reversible in advance during dialysis. The pump P1 is operated to fill the chamber 22 with dialysate. Therefore, at this time, the blood bag 24 is pressed against the dialysate within the chamber 22, and the blood within the bag 24 is forced out into the blood system 14. In this way, blood bag 2
4 becomes in close contact with the dialysate filled in the chamber 22, it becomes difficult to fill the chamber 22 with the dialysate, and the flow meter 26 shows "0".
At this time, if the reversible pump P 1 is reversed, the dialysate in the chamber 22 flows out into the dialysate system 16 and the membrane 12 in the dialyzer 10 can be backwashed. Moreover, in this case, the blood bag 24 expands in proportion to the amount of dialysate flowing out from the chamber 22.
Blood can flow into the bag from a blood system 14. That is, the same amount of blood is collected into the blood bag 24 in the dialysis system 14 to reduce the amount of dialysate q' that has increased in the dialysate system 16. As a result, the flow rate of blood returned to the body via the dialyzer 10 does not always fluctuate and can be kept constant. In addition, blood bag 24
The maximum expansion in the chamber 22 is detected when all the dialysate flowing out of the chamber 22 is drained and the flow meter 26 shows "0". Therefore, if the reversible pump P1 is reversed again at this time, filling of the dialysate into the chamber 22 described above is started, and the normal hemodialysis action is performed in the dialyzer 10.
次に、本発明に係る人工腎臓装置の等価器２０
として好適に使用し得る具体的構成例について説
明する。 Next, the equalizer 20 of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention
A specific configuration example that can be suitably used will be described.
第２図は、等価器２０の一例を示すもので、チ
ヤンバ２２を２分割にして開閉できるように構成
した一対のケーシング３０，３２からなり、一方
のケーシング３０の上下端部にそれぞれチヤンバ
２２と連通する開口３４，３６を設け、一方の開
口３４を透析液系１６と接続するよう構成すると
共に他方の開口３６に血液系１４と接続する結合
ユニツト３８を着脱自在に取付け、この結合ユニ
ツト３８に可撓性血液バツグ２４を液密に装着し
た構成からなる。この場合、他方のケーシング３
２は、止具４０により一方のケーシング３０と着
脱自在に結合して、チヤンバ２２内の洗浄および
滅菌処理や血液バツグ２４の交換作業を容易化す
ることができる。 FIG. 2 shows an example of the equalizer 20, which consists of a pair of casings 30 and 32 configured so that the chamber 22 is divided into two parts and can be opened and closed. Openings 34 and 36 that communicate with each other are provided, one opening 34 is configured to connect with the dialysate system 16, and a coupling unit 38 that connects with the blood system 14 is detachably attached to the other opening 36. It consists of a flexible blood bag 24 mounted in a liquid-tight manner. In this case, the other casing 3
2 is removably connected to one casing 30 by a stopper 40 to facilitate cleaning and sterilization of the chamber 22 and replacement of the blood bag 24.
第３図に示す等価器２０は、第２図に示す等価
器２０と同様に、チヤンバ２２を２分割にして開
閉できるよう構成した一対のケーシング４２，４
４を備え、一方のケーシング４２にチヤンバ２２
内と連通し透析液系１６と接続するための開口部
４６が設けられている。しかるに、本実施例の等
価器２０では、一対のケーシング４２，４４のチ
ヤンバ２２を形成する合せ面に血液バツグ２４を
挾持するよう構成し、しかも血液バツグ２４は前
記一対のケーシング４２，４４の結合された底部
に固定する基板４８に血液系１４と接続するため
の結合部５０を介して一体的に設けられている。
なお、ケーシング４２，４４には、前記結合５０
を挿着するための溝５２が適宜設けられると共
に、接合面の密閉性を向上するためのシール部材
嵌合溝５４が適宜設けられる。また、第３図にお
いて、参照符号５６はケーシング４２，４４およ
び基板４８を相互に結合固定するための止具であ
る。 Similar to the equalizer 20 shown in FIG. 2, the equalizer 20 shown in FIG.
4, and one casing 42 has a chamber 22.
An opening 46 is provided for communicating with the interior and connecting to the dialysate system 16. However, in the equalizer 20 of this embodiment, the blood bag 24 is sandwiched between the mating surfaces of the pair of casings 42 and 44 forming the chamber 22, and the blood bag 24 is connected to the pair of casings 42 and 44. It is integrally provided to a substrate 48 which is fixed to the bottom of the body via a coupling part 50 for connecting to the blood system 14.
Note that the casings 42 and 44 have the coupling 50
A groove 52 for inserting the seal member is provided as appropriate, and a seal member fitting groove 54 is provided as appropriate for improving the sealing performance of the joint surface. Further, in FIG. 3, reference numeral 56 is a stopper for coupling and fixing the casings 42, 44 and the substrate 48 to each other.
このように、等価器２０を構成することによ
り、透析器（過器）の経時的性能低下を防止
し、再使用に際してもチヤンバ２２内の滅菌洗浄
を簡便にしてその再使用を可能にすると共に血液
バツグ２４を含む血液系部品の交換を低コストに
実現することができる。 By configuring the equalizer 20 in this way, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the performance of the dialyzer over time, and to simplify the sterilization and cleaning of the chamber 22 when reusing it. Blood system parts including the blood bag 24 can be replaced at low cost.
第４図は、本発明を過型人工腎臓装置に応用
した場合の実施例を示すものである。なお、説明
の便宜上、第１図に示す実施例と共通の構成部分
については同一の参照符号を付してその詳細な説
明は省略する。しかるに、第４図において、一般
に過型人工腎臓装置は、過器１０の液側に
除水ポンプP4を介して過系５８を接続し、除
水ポンプP4の作用下に血液側より膜１２を介し
て除水を行い、この液を液槽６０に回集す
る。一方、血液系１４には過器１０の流出側に
補液ポンプP6を備えた補液系６２を接続し、除
水された液量よりやや少なめの補液量からなる
補液を補液液ポンプP6の作用下に補液貯槽６４
より供給する。そこで、本実施例においては、前
記実施例と同様に、過系５８の過器１０と除
水ポンプP4とを接続する間に可逆送液手段とし
ての可逆転ポンプP2を介して等価器２０のチヤ
ンバ２２と連通するよう分岐接続し、一方等価器
２０の血液バツグ２４を血液系１４の過器１０
の流出側に連通接続する。 FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an oversized artificial kidney device. For convenience of explanation, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and detailed explanation thereof will be omitted. However, as shown in FIG. 4, the general artificial kidney device connects the overflow system 58 to the liquid side of the overflow device 10 via the water removal pump P4 , and removes the membrane from the blood side under the action of the water removal pump P4 . Water is removed through 12 and the liquid is collected in a liquid tank 60. On the other hand, a fluid replacement system 62 equipped with a fluid replacement pump P 6 is connected to the blood system 14 on the outflow side of the filtration device 10, and a fluid replacement system 62 equipped with a fluid replacement pump P 6 is connected to the blood system 14, and a fluid replacement system 62 with a fluid replacement pump P 6 is supplied to the fluid replacement pump P 6 with a slightly smaller amount of fluid than the amount of water removed. Replacement fluid storage tank 64 under action
supply more. Therefore, in this embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, the equalizer is connected to the equalizer via the reversible pump P2 as a reversible liquid feeding means between the filter unit 10 of the filter system 58 and the water removal pump P4 . The blood bag 24 of the equalizer 20 is connected to the blood bag 24 of the blood system 14 so as to communicate with the chamber 22 of the blood system 14.
Connect to the outflow side of the
次に、本実施例の作用につき説明する。まず、
血液ポンプP5、除水ポンプP4および補液ポンプ
P6につき、適正かつ除水可能な状態に運転条件
を設定する。そこで、前述の実施例と同様に等価
器２０のチヤンバ２２と血液バツグ２４の状態に
基づいて可逆転ポンプP1を運転すれば、過器
１０を経て体内は返送される液量を変化ささせる
ことなく、膜１２の逆洗を有効に達成することが
できる。 Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. first,
Blood pump P 5 , water removal pump P 4 and fluid replacement pump
Regarding P 6 , set the operating conditions to a state that is appropriate and allows for water removal. Therefore, if the reversible pump P1 is operated based on the states of the chamber 22 of the equalizer 20 and the blood bag 24, as in the previous embodiment, the amount of liquid returned to the body via the evaporator 10 will be changed. Backwashing of the membrane 12 can be effectively achieved without this.
前述した種々の実施例からも明らかなように、
本発明によれば、血液系の透析器を経て体内へ返
送される液量を常に一定状態に保持しながら膜の
逆洗を繰返し行うことができるので、例えば透析
もしくは過運転から急速に逆洗運転に切換えて
も系の外れや生体への衝撃は全くなく、安全かつ
有効な逆洗を実現することができる。
As is clear from the various examples described above,
According to the present invention, it is possible to repeatedly backwash the membrane while keeping the amount of fluid returned to the body through the blood dialyzer in a constant state, so that, for example, rapid backwashing can be performed from dialysis or overoperation. Even when switching to operation, there is no disconnection of the system or shock to living organisms, and safe and effective backwashing can be achieved.
また、本発明においては、血液系と透析液もし
くは液系とを所定容積のチヤンバ内に血液バツ
グを収納した単体構成の等価器で結合し、さらに
可逆送液手段とこれを制御するための手段として
流量計を設ける構成とし、系の基本的構成に改変
を加えるものでないため、既存の設備に直ちに応
用することでき、低コストに製造し得ると共に保
守も容易である。従つて、本発明によれば、逆洗
を繰返して透析器（過器）を再使用するに際
し、血液系部品の交換を経済的に達成することで
きる。 Further, in the present invention, the blood system and the dialysate or liquid system are connected by a single-piece equalizer having a blood bag housed in a chamber of a predetermined volume, and further includes a reversible liquid feeding means and a means for controlling the same. Since the system is configured to include a flow meter as an additional component and does not require any modification to the basic configuration of the system, it can be applied immediately to existing equipment, can be manufactured at low cost, and is easy to maintain. Therefore, according to the present invention, when the dialyzer is reused by repeating backwashing, blood system parts can be replaced economically.
以上、本発明の好適な実施例について説明した
が、本発明は前述した実施例に限定されることな
く、例えば、可逆転ポンプP1を吐出量が可調整
に設定できるよう構成したものを使用して逆洗時
間の調整を任意に行うことができる。また、可逆
転ポンプP1の逆転切換を行う手段として、流量
計に代えチヤンバ内圧力を検出する圧力計を設け
ることにより、チヤンバおよび血液バツグに対し
過大圧が加わるのを防止して等価器を一層安全性
の高いものとすることができる。さらに、可逆送
液手段、透析器に対する透析液の密閉系を形成す
る給液手段および送出手段は、ポンプに限らず送
液制御を行うことができる種々の手段を採用する
ことができる。その他、本発明の精神を逸脱しな
い範囲内において種々の設計変更をなし得ること
は勿論である。 Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments . The backwashing time can be adjusted as desired. In addition, by providing a pressure gauge to detect the pressure inside the chamber in place of the flow meter as a means for switching the reversible pump P1 into the reverse direction, it is possible to prevent excessive pressure from being applied to the chamber and blood bag, and to prevent the equalizer from being applied. It is possible to achieve even higher safety. Furthermore, the reversible liquid feeding means, the liquid supplying means and the delivery means forming a closed system for the dialysate to the dialyzer are not limited to the pump, and various means capable of controlling the liquid feeding can be employed. It goes without saying that various other design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
第１図は本発明に係る人工腎臓装置の一実施例
を示す系統図、第２図は本発明装置に使用する等
価器の別の実施例を示す断面図、第３図は等価器
のさらに別の実施例を示す分解斜視図、第４図は
本発明に係る人工腎臓装置の別の実施例を示す系
統図である。
１０…透析器（過器）、１２…半透膜（過
膜）、１４…血液系、１６…透析液系（液系）、
１８…除水系、２０…等価器、２２…チヤンバ、
２４…血液バツグ、２６…流量計、３０，３２…
ケーシング、３４，３６…開口、３８…結合ユニ
ツト、４０…止具、４２，４４…ケーシング、４
６…開口部、４８…基板、５０…結合部、５２…
溝、５４…嵌合溝、５６…止具、５８…過系、
６０…液槽、６２…補液系、６４…補液貯槽、
P1…可逆転ポンプ、P2…給液ポンプ、P3…送出
ポンプ、P4…除水ポンプ、P5…血液送液ポンプ。
Fig. 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the equalizer used in the device of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a further diagram of the equalizer. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment. FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing another embodiment of the artificial kidney device according to the present invention. 10... Dialyzer (filter), 12... Semipermeable membrane (dialysis membrane), 14... Blood system, 16... Dialysate system (liquid system),
18...water removal system, 20...equalizer, 22...chamber,
24... Blood bag, 26... Flowmeter, 30, 32...
Casing, 34, 36...Opening, 38...Coupling unit, 40...Stopper, 42, 44...Casing, 4
6...Opening part, 48...Substrate, 50...Joining part, 52...
groove, 54...fitting groove, 56...stop, 58...over system,
60...Liquid tank, 62...Replacement fluid system, 64...Replacement fluid storage tank,
P 1 ...Reversible pump, P 2 ...Liquid supply pump, P 3 ...Delivery pump, P 4 ...Water removal pump, P 5 ...Blood supply pump.
Claims (1)
る血液浄化器を設けて血液の浄化を行う人工腎臓
装置において、 密閉された所定容積のチヤンバとこのチヤンバ
内に収納された可撓性血液バツグとからなる等価
器を設け、前記浄化液系の血液浄化器の流出側を
分岐してこれを前記等価器のチヤンバに連通接続
すると共に、前記血液系の血液浄化器の流出側を
分岐してこれを前記等価器の血液バツグに連通接
続し、前記分岐系の浄化液系と連通する一部に可
逆送液手段と流量を検出する手段とを設け、前記
流量を検出する手段により等価器のチヤンバ内に
おける液の充満および空状態を検出して、前記可
逆送液手段の逆送切換を行うことにより前記血液
浄化器内の圧力条件を変化させて、前記透析膜に
対し透析濾過および逆洗を交互に行うよう構成す
ることを特徴とする人工腎臓装置。 ２ 特許請求の範囲第１項記載の人工腎臓装置に
おいて、浄化液系は透析液系からなり、この透析
液系は血液浄化器としての透析器の流入側と流出
側にそれぞれ給液手段と送出手段とを備え、前記
透析器と送出手段との間に除水ポンプを備えた除
水系を接続すると共に可逆送液手段を介して等価
器を分岐接続してなる人工腎臓装置。 ３ 特許請求の範囲第１項記載の人工腎臓装置に
おいて、浄化液系は濾液系からなり、この濾液系
は血液浄化器としての濾過器より除水ポンプを介
して導出し、血液系の濾過器の流出側に補液ポン
プを介して補液系を接続し、前記濾過器と除水ポ
ンプとの間に可逆送液手段を介して等価器を分岐
接続してなる人工腎臓装置。 ４ 血液系と浄化液系とを透析膜を介して画成す
る血液浄化器を設けて血液の浄化を行う人工腎臓
装置において、 密閉された所定容積のチヤンバとこのチヤンバ
内に収納された可撓性血液バツグとからなる等価
器を設け、前記浄化液系の血液浄化器の流出側を
分岐してこれを前記等価器のチヤンバに連通接続
すると共に、前記血液系の血液浄化器の流出側を
分岐してこれを前記等価器の血液バツグに連通接
続し、前記分岐系の浄化液系と連通する一部に可
逆送液手段を設けると共に、等価器のチヤンバ内
に圧力を検出する手段を設け、前記圧力を検出す
る手段により前記チヤンバ内における液の充満お
よび空状態を検出して、前記可逆送液手段の逆送
切換を行うことにより前記血液浄化器内の圧力条
件を変化させて、前記透析膜に対し透析濾過およ
び逆洗を交互に行うよう構成することを特徴とす
る人工腎臓装置。 ５ 特許請求の範囲第４項記載の人工腎臓装置に
おいて、浄化液系は透析液系からなり、この透析
液系は血液浄化器としての透析器の流入側と流出
側にそれぞれ給液手段と送出手段とを備え、前記
透析器と送出手段との間に除水ポンプを備えた除
水系を接続すると共に可逆送液手段を介して等価
器を分岐接続してなる人工腎臓装置。 ６ 特許請求の範囲第４項記載の人工腎臓装置に
おいて、浄化液系は濾液系からなり、この濾液系
は血液浄化器としての濾過器より除水ポンプを介
して導出し、血液系の濾過器の流出側に補強ポン
プを介して補液系を接続し、前記濾過器と除水ポ
ンプとの間に可逆送液手段を介して等価器を分岐
接続してなる人工腎臓装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. An artificial kidney device that purifies blood by providing a blood purifier that defines a blood system and a purified fluid system via a dialysis membrane, comprising: a sealed chamber with a predetermined volume; An equalizer consisting of a flexible blood bag housed in a chamber is provided, and the outflow side of the blood purifier of the purification fluid system is branched and connected to the chamber of the equalizer, and the blood purifier of the blood purification system is connected to the chamber of the equalizer. The outflow side of the purifier is branched and connected to the blood bag of the equalizer, and a part of the branch system that communicates with the purification liquid system is provided with a reversible liquid feeding means and a means for detecting the flow rate. The flow rate detecting means detects whether the chamber of the equalizer is full or empty, and the reversible liquid feeding means changes the pressure condition in the blood purifier by switching the reversible liquid feeding means. An artificial kidney device characterized by being configured to alternately perform diafiltration and backwashing on a dialysis membrane. 2. In the artificial kidney device according to claim 1, the purification fluid system includes a dialysate system, and the dialysate system has a fluid supply means and a fluid delivery means on the inflow side and the outflow side of the dialyzer as a blood purifier, respectively. An artificial kidney device comprising: a water removal system including a water removal pump connected between the dialyzer and the delivery means; and an equalizer connected in a branch manner via a reversible liquid sending means. 3. In the artificial kidney device according to claim 1, the purification fluid system consists of a filtrate system, and this filtrate system is led out from a filter serving as a blood purifier via a water removal pump, and is connected to a blood system filter. An artificial kidney device comprising: a fluid replacement system connected to the outflow side of the fluid replacement pump via a fluid replacement pump, and an equalizer connected in a branch manner between the filter and the water removal pump through a reversible fluid feeding means. 4. In an artificial kidney device that purifies blood by providing a blood purifier that defines a blood system and a purification fluid system via a dialysis membrane, the artificial kidney device includes a sealed chamber with a predetermined volume and a flexible tube housed within the chamber. An equalizer is provided, the outflow side of the blood purifier of the purified liquid system is branched and connected to the chamber of the equalizer, and the outflow side of the blood purifier of the blood system is connected to the chamber of the equalizer. branch and connect it to the blood bag of the equalizer, provide a reversible liquid feeding means in a part of the branch system that communicates with the purification liquid system, and provide a means for detecting pressure in the chamber of the equalizer. , detecting the fullness and empty state of the liquid in the chamber by the pressure detecting means, and changing the pressure condition in the blood purifier by switching the reversible liquid feeding means to reverse feeding; An artificial kidney device characterized by being configured to alternately perform diafiltration and backwashing on a dialysis membrane. 5. In the artificial kidney device according to claim 4, the purification fluid system includes a dialysate system, and the dialysate system has a fluid supply means and a fluid delivery means on the inflow side and the outflow side of the dialyzer as a blood purifier, respectively. An artificial kidney device comprising: a water removal system including a water removal pump connected between the dialyzer and the delivery means; and an equalizer connected in a branched manner via a reversible liquid sending means. 6. In the artificial kidney device according to claim 4, the purification fluid system is composed of a filtrate system, and this filtrate system is led out from a filter serving as a blood purifier via a water removal pump, and is connected to the blood system filter. An artificial kidney device comprising: a fluid replacement system connected to the outflow side of the filter via a reinforcing pump, and an equalizer connected in a branch manner between the filter and the water removal pump via a reversible fluid feeding means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14678284A JPS6125565A (en) | 1984-07-17 | 1984-07-17 | Artificial kidney apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14678284A JPS6125565A (en) | 1984-07-17 | 1984-07-17 | Artificial kidney apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6125565A JPS6125565A (en) | 1986-02-04 |
| JPH0515465B2 true JPH0515465B2 (en) | 1993-03-01 |
Family
ID=15415406
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14678284A Granted JPS6125565A (en) | 1984-07-17 | 1984-07-17 | Artificial kidney apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6125565A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0753138B2 (en) * | 1992-02-29 | 1995-06-07 | 関越ロードメンテナンス株式会社 | Toilet paper roll supply device |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4767399A (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1988-08-30 | Fisher Scientific Group Inc. Dba Imed Corporation | Volumetric fluid withdrawal system |
| JP2836029B2 (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1998-12-14 | 株式会社ニッショー | Blood filtration dialysis machine |
| JPH0761362B2 (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-07-05 | 医療法人腎愛会 | Artificial dialysis machine with backwash assist |
-
1984
- 1984-07-17 JP JP14678284A patent/JPS6125565A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0753138B2 (en) * | 1992-02-29 | 1995-06-07 | 関越ロードメンテナンス株式会社 | Toilet paper roll supply device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6125565A (en) | 1986-02-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |