JPH0515189Y2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0515189Y2
JPH0515189Y2 JP1987176478U JP17647887U JPH0515189Y2 JP H0515189 Y2 JPH0515189 Y2 JP H0515189Y2 JP 1987176478 U JP1987176478 U JP 1987176478U JP 17647887 U JP17647887 U JP 17647887U JP H0515189 Y2 JPH0515189 Y2 JP H0515189Y2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
frame
fixed
hollow
face piece
loading platform
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP1987176478U
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0181387U (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP1987176478U priority Critical patent/JPH0515189Y2/ja
Publication of JPH0181387U publication Critical patent/JPH0181387U/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JPH0515189Y2 publication Critical patent/JPH0515189Y2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【考案の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] この考案はトラツク荷台用鳥居に関するもの
で、更に詳細には、トラツク荷台の前端側に立設
されてトラツクの停止時等において荷台に積載さ
れる荷物の衝突からの損傷等を防止するトラツク
荷台用鳥居の改良に係るものである。
[Detailed description of the invention] [Field of industrial application] This invention relates to a torii gate for a truck loading platform.More specifically, it is a torii gate installed on the front end side of a truck loading platform so that it can be loaded onto the loading platform when the truck is stopped, etc. This invention relates to an improvement to a torii gate for a truck loading platform that prevents damage from collisions with cargo.

[従来の技術] 一般に、この種の鳥居は、第10図及び第11
図に示すように、トラツク荷台aのサイドフレー
ムb及び縦根太c前端部に固定されると共に互い
に溶接等の固定手段にて固定される鉄製の縦枠d
及び横枠eとから成る枠材fと、この枠材f内に
配設される補強桁iを介して荷台側面に溶接等の
固定手段にて固定される鉄板製の面材gとで構成
されている。また、面材gの一部に後方確認用窓
hを設けたものもある。
[Prior art] Generally, this type of torii gate is
As shown in the figure, an iron vertical frame d is fixed to the front end of the side frame b and vertical joist c of the truck bed a, and is also fixed to each other by fixing means such as welding.
and a horizontal frame e, and a face plate g made of an iron plate that is fixed to the side of the loading platform by a fixing means such as welding via a reinforcing girder i disposed within the frame f. has been done. In addition, there is also one in which a rear confirmation window h is provided in a part of the face material g.

[考案が解決しようとする問題点] しかしながら、従来のこの種の鳥居は、車種ご
とに所定の寸法の枠材fと面材gとを用意する必
要があるため、加工・組立ての工数が多く、その
作業が煩雑である等の問題がある。また、全てが
鉄製であるため、車体重量が嵩むという問題もあ
つた。
[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, conventional torii gates of this type require a large number of man-hours for processing and assembly because it is necessary to prepare a frame material f and a face material g of predetermined dimensions for each car model. , there are problems such as the work is complicated. Additionally, since everything was made of iron, there was also the problem of increased vehicle weight.

この問題を解決する手段として、あおりと同様
に鳥居を複数の中空形材を嵌合連結する構造とす
ることも考えられるが、鳥居は荷台の前方端に形
成されるため、荷物の衝突等が激しく、強度的に
問題がある。
As a means of solving this problem, it may be possible to construct the torii by fitting and connecting multiple hollow sections in the same way as the gate, but since the torii is formed at the front end of the loading platform, collisions with cargo may occur. It's intense and has problems in terms of strength.

したがつて、構成部材の加工及び組立てが容易
でしかも車体の軽量化が図れかつ強度に優れたト
ラツク荷台用鳥居の開発が望まれているのが実情
である。
Accordingly, there is a need for the development of a torii gate for a truck loading platform whose constituent parts are easy to process and assemble, whose weight can be reduced, and whose strength is excellent.

[問題点を解決するための手段] この考案は上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、上
記技術的課題を解決するために、複数の中空形材
にて形成される面体の少なくとも左右辺を枠材に
て被覆固定して、構成部材の加工及び組立ての容
易性が図れ、かつ、軽量で荷物の衝突からの損傷
等の防止が図れるようにしたことを特徴とするト
ラツク荷台用鳥居を提供しようとするものであ
る。
[Means for solving the problem] This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, at least the left and right sides of the facepiece formed of a plurality of hollow members are made of frame material. An object of the present invention is to provide a torii gate for a truck loading platform, which is coated and fixed in place to facilitate processing and assembly of the component parts, and is lightweight and prevents damage from collisions of cargo. It is something to do.

すなわち、この考案は、互いに上下方向に嵌合
連結されると共に、中空部内に衝撃吸収用トラス
を形成して成る複数の中空形材から成る面体と、 上記面体の少なくとも左右辺を被覆固定するチ
ヤンネル状の枠材と、 上記面体の下辺部に突設される床材用固定枠と
で構成され、 上記床材用固定枠を荷台の床材に当接固定し、 上記面体の左右辺を被覆固定する上記枠材の下
端部を上記面体より下方へ突出させると共に、こ
の枠材の下端突出部とトラツク荷台の前端側面に
当接固定する連結板を介してトラツク荷台に固定
して成ることを特徴とするトラツク荷台用鳥居を
提供しようとするものである。
That is, this invention consists of a face piece made of a plurality of hollow members that are vertically fitted and connected to each other and have a shock absorbing truss formed in the hollow part, and a channel that covers and fixes at least the left and right sides of the face piece. It is composed of a shaped frame material and a flooring fixing frame that protrudes from the lower side of the facepiece, and the flooring fixing frame is fixed in contact with the flooring of the loading platform to cover the left and right sides of the facepiece. The lower end of the frame member to be fixed projects downward from the face piece, and is fixed to the truck bed via a connecting plate that abuts and fixes the lower end protrusion of the frame member to the front end side surface of the truck bed. The purpose of this invention is to provide a torii gate for a truck loading platform with the following characteristics.

この考案において、上記面体の上辺部にもチヤ
ンネル条の枠材を被覆してもよく、あるいは、最
上端に位置する中空形材の上端に枠材を兼用する
補強部を設けてもよい。更に、中空形材同士は嵌
合連結部のみにて固定してもよく、あるいは、各
中空形材を連結する長尺ボルト等の連結部材にて
固定するようにしてもよい。
In this invention, the upper side of the facepiece may also be covered with a channel strip frame material, or a reinforcing portion that also serves as a frame material may be provided at the upper end of the hollow profile located at the uppermost end. Further, the hollow shapes may be fixed to each other only by a fitting connection portion, or may be fixed by a connecting member such as a long bolt that connects the hollow shapes.

[作用] 上記のように構成されるこの考案のトラツク荷
台用鳥居によれば、互いに上下方向に嵌合連結さ
れると共に、中空部内に衝撃吸収用トラスを形成
して成る複数の中空形材にて面体を形成すること
により、面体の荷物の衝突からの損傷等を防止す
ることができる。また、床材用固定枠を荷台の床
材に当接固定し、面体の左右辺を被覆固定する枠
材の下端部を面体より下方へ突出させると共に、
この枠材の下端突出部とトラツク荷台の前端側面
に当接固定する連結板を介してトラツク荷台に固
定することにより、構成部材の加工を容易にする
ことができると共に、組立てを容易にすることが
でき、かつ、車体重量の軽量化を図れ強固な鳥居
とすることができる。
[Function] According to the torii gate for a truck loading platform of the present invention constructed as described above, a plurality of hollow members are fitted and connected to each other in the vertical direction, and a shock absorbing truss is formed in the hollow portion. By forming the face piece with a flat surface, it is possible to prevent the face piece from being damaged due to a collision with cargo. In addition, the floor material fixing frame is fixed in contact with the floor material of the loading platform, and the lower end of the frame material covering and fixing the left and right sides of the face piece is made to protrude downward from the face piece,
By fixing the frame member to the truck bed via a connecting plate that abuts and fixes the lower end protrusion of the frame member to the front end side surface of the truck bed, processing of the constituent members can be facilitated, and assembly can be facilitated. In addition, it is possible to reduce the weight of the vehicle and make the torii gate strong.

[実施例] 以下にこの考案の実施例を図面に基いて説明す
る。
[Example] An example of this invention will be described below based on the drawings.

第1図はこの考案の鳥居の第一実施例の要部正
面図、第2図はその要部平面図、第3図は第1図
の−断面図、そして、第4図は鳥居の分解斜
視図を示している。
Fig. 1 is a front view of the main parts of the first embodiment of the torii gate of this invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the main parts, Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the torii gate. A perspective view is shown.

この考案の鳥居は、互いに上下方向に嵌合連結
される複数の中空形材12,12…から成る面体
10と、この面体10の左右辺を被覆固定するチ
ヤンネル状の左右枠材20,22と、面体10の
上辺を被覆固定するチヤンネル状の上部枠材24
と、面体10の下辺部に突設されるアングル状の
床材用固定枠30とで主要部が構成されている。
The torii gate of this invention includes a face piece 10 consisting of a plurality of hollow shaped members 12, 12, etc. that are vertically fitted and connected to each other, and channel-shaped left and right frame members 20, 22 that cover and fix the left and right sides of this face piece 10. , a channel-shaped upper frame member 24 that covers and fixes the upper side of the facepiece 10;
The main part is constituted by an angle-shaped floor material fixing frame 30 that protrudes from the lower side of the face piece 10.

上記面体10を構成する中空形材12は、第5
図に示すように、例えばアルミニウム合金製押出
し形材にて形成され、その上下端部には互いに嵌
合連結し得る凹条嵌合部14と凸条嵌合部16が
形成されており、また、その中空部11内には衝
撃緩衝用トラスを形成するウエブ15が形成され
ている。
The hollow shape member 12 constituting the face piece 10 has a fifth
As shown in the figure, it is made of an extruded shape made of aluminum alloy, for example, and has a concave fitting part 14 and a convex fitting part 16 formed at its upper and lower ends to be able to fit and connect with each other. A web 15 forming a shock-absorbing truss is formed within the hollow portion 11 .

このように形成される中空形材12,12…に
て形成される面体10の左右辺及び上部辺にはそ
れぞれチヤンネル状の左右枠材20,22及び上
部枠材24が被覆され、ボルト、ナツト等の固定
手段40,40…にて固定され、また、面体10
の中央部にはチヤンネル状の補強固定部材26が
上下方向に当接されると共に、ボルト、ナツト等
の固定手段42,42…にて固定されている。
The left and right sides and the upper side of the facepiece 10 formed by the hollow members 12, 12, formed in this way are respectively covered with channel-shaped left and right frame members 20, 22 and an upper frame member 24, and bolts and nuts are The face piece 10 is fixed by fixing means 40, 40, etc.
A channel-shaped reinforcing and fixing member 26 is vertically abutted against the central portion of the member 26, and is fixed by fixing means 42, 42, etc. such as bolts and nuts.

この場合、面体10の上部辺にも上部枠材24
が被覆固定されているが、必ずしも上部枠材24
を被覆固定する必要はなく、第6図aに示すよう
に、最上部に位置する中空形材12の上端部に中
空補強部17を一体に沿設しておけば、上部枠材
24を不要にすることができる。また、第6図b
に示すように、最上部の中空形材12′の上端部
に中空補強部17を形成すると共に、中空補強部
17の上面に凹溝17aを形成し、この凹溝17
a内に木材等の緩衝用枠材18を沿設固定しても
よい。
In this case, the upper frame material 24 is also attached to the upper side of the face piece 10.
is covered and fixed, but it is not necessarily the case that the upper frame material 24
There is no need to cover and fix the upper frame member 24, and if the hollow reinforcing part 17 is integrally installed along the upper end of the hollow member 12 located at the top, as shown in Fig. 6a, the upper frame member 24 is unnecessary. It can be done. Also, Figure 6b
As shown in FIG. 2, a hollow reinforcing portion 17 is formed at the upper end of the uppermost hollow member 12′, and a groove 17a is formed on the upper surface of the hollow reinforcing portion 17.
A buffer frame material 18 made of wood or the like may be installed and fixed inside a.

上記左右枠材20,22、上部枠材24は、例
えば鋼製のチヤンネル状部材で形成され、その開
口側内方面にボルト(図示せず)にて固定される
アングル状の固定部材28とこれら枠材20,2
2,24のフランジ部21とで面体10の中空形
材12,12…を挟持状に被覆して上記固定手段
40,40…,42,42…にて固定されてい
る。この場合、補強固定部材26の上端部両側に
は切欠27,27が設けられており、この切欠れ
た上端部が上部枠材24と固定部材28の間に挿
入されている。なお、切欠27は必ずしも設ける
必要はなく、上部枠材24と固定部材28の間に
挿入される平坦状のものであつてもよい。
The left and right frame members 20, 22 and the upper frame member 24 are formed of channel-shaped members made of steel, for example, and include an angle-shaped fixing member 28 fixed to the inner surface of the opening side with bolts (not shown). Frame material 20,2
The hollow members 12, 12, . In this case, cutouts 27 are provided on both sides of the upper end of the reinforcing fixing member 26, and the cutout upper end is inserted between the upper frame member 24 and the fixing member 28. Note that the cutout 27 does not necessarily need to be provided, and may be a flat cutout inserted between the upper frame member 24 and the fixing member 28.

また、枠材20,22,26の下端部は上記面
体10より下方へ突出されており、そのうち左右
枠材20,22の下端突出部とトラツク荷台50
の前端側面にはほぼL字状の連結板32が当接さ
れ、リベツト等の固定手段46,46…にてこれ
ら連結板32と左右枠材20,22及びトラツク
荷台50とが固定されている(第7図、第8図参
照)。この際、荷台50の表面の床材52の前端
部上面には床材用固定枠30の厚さ分の段部が設
けられており、組立て時に床材用固定枠30の下
面に荷台50の床材52を当接し固定ボルト54
にて固定した状態において、床材用固定枠30と
床材52とが同一平面上に位置するようになつて
いる(第8図参照)。また、補強固定部材26の
下方突出部は荷台50の中間部の縦根太56に固
定されている(第7図参照)。
Further, the lower end portions of the frame members 20, 22, 26 protrude downward from the face piece 10, and among these, the lower end protruding portions of the left and right frame members 20, 22 and the truck loading platform 50.
A substantially L-shaped connecting plate 32 is abutted on the front end side surface of the vehicle, and these connecting plates 32, the left and right frame members 20, 22, and the truck bed 50 are fixed by fixing means 46, 46, etc., such as rivets. (See Figures 7 and 8). At this time, a stepped portion equal to the thickness of the flooring fixing frame 30 is provided on the upper surface of the front end of the flooring 52 on the surface of the loading platform 50. Abut the floor material 52 and fix the bolt 54
In the fixed state, the flooring fixing frame 30 and the flooring 52 are positioned on the same plane (see FIG. 8). Further, the downwardly protruding portion of the reinforcing fixing member 26 is fixed to a vertical joist 56 at the intermediate portion of the loading platform 50 (see FIG. 7).

なお、上記左右枠材20,22と上部枠材24
との連接部、あるいは、左右枠材20,22と中
空補強部17との連接部にはコーナー連接部材3
4が介在されている(第4図参照)。この場合、
コーナー連接部材34は、第4図に実線で示すよ
うに、隣接する左右枠材20,22と上部枠材2
4、あるいは、左右枠材20,22と中空補強部
17の開口部内に挿入される挿入脚片35を有す
るものの他、第4図に想像線で示すような連接部
を被覆するキヤツプ状のコーナー連接部材34′
であつてもよい。
In addition, the left and right frame members 20, 22 and the upper frame member 24
A corner connecting member 3 is provided at the connecting portion between the left and right frame members 20, 22 and the hollow reinforcing portion 17.
4 is interposed (see Figure 4). in this case,
The corner connecting member 34 connects the adjacent left and right frame members 20, 22 and the upper frame member 2, as shown by solid lines in FIG.
4, or a cap-shaped corner that covers the connecting part as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. Connecting member 34'
It may be.

第9図はこの考案の別の実施例を示す分解斜視
図で、面体に後部確認用窓を形成した場合であ
る。すなわち、面体10の一部の中空形材12の
適宜位置に窓用開口60を設け、そして、その開
口60に例えば端部を45°に切欠いたチヤンネル
状の窓枠部材62,62…を嵌挿固定すると共
に、上下に対向する窓枠部材62,62間に適宜
間隔をおいて格子部材64,64…を架設して後
方確認窓を形成した場合である。この場合、中空
形材12,12…の連結固定を上記補強固定部材
26にて行つてもよいが、第9図に示すように、
中空形材12,12…を貫通する長尺の貫通ボル
ト等の連結棒70や図示しないリベツトにて連結
固定するようにしてもよい。
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of this invention, in which a rear confirmation window is formed in the face piece. That is, a window opening 60 is provided at an appropriate position in a part of the hollow member 12 of the face piece 10, and a channel-shaped window frame member 62, 62, whose end is notched at an angle of 45 degrees, for example, is fitted into the opening 60. This is a case where a rear confirmation window is formed by inserting and fixing the window frame members 62, 62, and erecting grid members 64, 64, . . . at appropriate intervals between the vertically opposing window frame members 62, 62. In this case, the hollow sections 12, 12... may be connected and fixed by the reinforcing fixing member 26, but as shown in FIG.
They may be connected and fixed using a connecting rod 70 such as a long through-bolt that passes through the hollow members 12, 12, etc., or a rivet (not shown).

なお、上記実施例では左右枠材20,22及び
上部枠材24にアングル状の固定部材28を固定
して面体10の辺部を被覆固定した場合について
説明したが、枠材20,22,24を断面E字状
の形材にて形成して面体10の辺部を被覆固定す
るようにしてもよい。
In addition, in the above embodiment, the case where the angle-shaped fixing members 28 are fixed to the left and right frame members 20, 22 and the upper frame member 24 to cover and fix the sides of the face piece 10 has been described, but the frame members 20, 22, 24 It is also possible to form a member having an E-shaped cross section and cover and fix the sides of the face piece 10.

[考案の効果] 以上に説明したように、この考案のトラツク荷
台用鳥居によれば、上記のように構成されている
ので、以下のような効果が得られる。
[Effects of the invention] As explained above, according to the torii gate for a truck loading platform of this invention, since it is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

1 中空形材にて面体を形成し、面体の辺部をチ
ヤンネル状枠材にて被覆固定するので、構成部
材の加工が容易となると共に、孔明けや組立て
作業が容易となる。
1. Since the face piece is formed from a hollow member and the sides of the face piece are covered and fixed with a channel-shaped frame material, processing of the constituent members becomes easy, and drilling and assembly work are also facilitated.

2 中空形材の数や長さを任意に選択することが
できるので、車種に応じた鳥居を容易に製作及
び組立てることができる。
2. Since the number and length of the hollow members can be arbitrarily selected, it is possible to easily manufacture and assemble torii gates according to the vehicle type.

3 従来のように全てを鉄製の枠材及び鉄板にて
形成する必要がないので、車体の軽量化が図れ
る。
3. It is not necessary to form everything from iron frame materials and iron plates as in the past, so the weight of the car body can be reduced.

4 中空形材の中空部内に衝撃緩衝用のトラスを
形成するので、衝撃に対する強度性の向上を図
ることができ、耐久性の向上が図れる。
4. Since a shock-absorbing truss is formed within the hollow part of the hollow member, it is possible to improve the strength against shock and improve the durability.

5 床材用固定枠を荷台の床材に当接固定すると
共に、枠材の下端突出部と荷台側面とを連結板
にて固定するので、面体を強固に固定すること
ができる。
5. Since the floor material fixing frame is fixed in contact with the floor material of the loading platform, and the lower end protrusion of the frame material and the side surface of the loading platform are fixed by a connecting plate, the face piece can be firmly fixed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図はこの考案の鳥居の第一実施例を示す要
部正面図、第2図は第1図の要部平面図、第3図
は第1図の−断面図、第4図は鳥居の分解斜
視図、第5図はこの考案における面体の要部斜視
図、第6図a,bは面体の別の形態を示す要部斜
視図及び要部断面図、第7図は取付け状態を示す
要部平面図、第8図は第7図の一部を断面で示す
側面図、第9図はこの考案の別の実施例を示す要
部分解斜視図、第10図及び第11図は従来の鳥
居を示す斜視図である。 符号説明、10……面体、11……中空部、1
2……中空形材、14……凹条嵌合部、15……
衝撃緩衝用トラス(ウエブ)、16……凸条嵌合
部、17……中空補強部、20,22……左右枠
材、24……上部枠材、30……床材用固定枠、
32……連結板。
Fig. 1 is a front view of the main parts showing the first embodiment of the torii of this invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the main parts of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a - sectional view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is the torii gate. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the main part of the facepiece in this invention, FIGS. 6a and b are perspective views and cross-sectional views of the main part showing another form of the facepiece, and FIG. 8 is a side view showing a part of FIG. 7 in cross section, FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the main part showing another embodiment of this invention, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are It is a perspective view showing a conventional torii. Symbol explanation, 10... Face piece, 11... Hollow part, 1
2...Hollow shaped member, 14...Concave fitting portion, 15...
Impact buffering truss (web), 16... Convex fitting part, 17... Hollow reinforcing part, 20, 22... Left and right frame material, 24... Upper frame material, 30... Fixed frame for flooring material,
32...Connection plate.

Claims (1)

【実用新案登録請求の範囲】 互いに上下方向に嵌合連結されると共に、中空
部内に衝撃吸収用トラスを形成して成る複数の中
空部形から成る面体と、 上記面体の少なくとも左右辺を被覆固定するチ
ヤンネル状の枠材と、 上記面体の下辺部に突設される床材用固定枠と
で構成され、 上記床材用固定枠を荷台の床材に当接固定し、 上記面体の左右辺を被覆固定する上記枠材の下
端部を上記面体より下方へ突出させると共に、こ
の枠材の下端突出部とトラツク荷台の前端側面に
当接固定する連結板を介してトラツク荷台に固定
して成ることを特徴とするトラツク荷台用鳥居。
[Claims for Utility Model Registration] A face piece consisting of a plurality of hollow parts that are vertically fitted and connected to each other and have a shock absorbing truss formed in the hollow part, and at least the left and right sides of the face piece are covered and fixed. The floor material fixing frame is fixed to the floor material of the loading platform, and the floor material fixing frame is fixed to the floor material of the loading platform. The lower end of the frame material covering and fixing the frame material is made to protrude downward from the face piece, and is fixed to the truck bed via a connecting plate that abuts and fixes the lower end protrusion of the frame member to the front end side surface of the truck bed. A torii gate for a truck loading platform.
JP1987176478U 1987-11-20 1987-11-20 Expired - Lifetime JPH0515189Y2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1987176478U JPH0515189Y2 (en) 1987-11-20 1987-11-20

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1987176478U JPH0515189Y2 (en) 1987-11-20 1987-11-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0181387U JPH0181387U (en) 1989-05-31
JPH0515189Y2 true JPH0515189Y2 (en) 1993-04-21

Family

ID=31468209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1987176478U Expired - Lifetime JPH0515189Y2 (en) 1987-11-20 1987-11-20

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0515189Y2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0650294Y2 (en) * 1989-03-22 1994-12-21 トヨタ車体株式会社 Mounting structure for guard frame of truck bed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0181387U (en) 1989-05-31

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