JPH05138347A - Welding method and equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To fully exhibit a function as a temporary backing material, perform economically excellent welding with a high accuracy and optionally set a shape of a penetration part by a simple operation based on small-sized, light weight and simple constitution. CONSTITUTION:The temporary backing material is constituted by the peripheral part of a rolling roller 9 provided rollably on a place where the temporary backing material is to be arranged and the rolling roller 9 in a state pressed toward the groove rear 4 is relatively moved at an uniform velocity in the same direction along with the relative movement of a welding arc 8.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a welding method and apparatus, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for backside welding performed by using a temporary backing material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Uranami welding performed using a temporary backing material is
Conventionally, various methods have been used. An example of this will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG.
A method of performing backside welding by welding the metal 2 and the materials A and B at the ends of the groove 1 formed at the respective ends by the single-sided welding method from the side of the groove surface 3 is shown.

The backside welding is a welding method in which a backside portion showing a backside pattern is formed on the backside by the weld metal 2 protruding to the groove backside 4 side as described above. This is a welding method that is relatively often used for its simplicity. In the method of the illustrated example, as a means for preventing the weld metal 2 from excessively flowing out from between the groove 1 to the groove back surface 4 side and dropping, and as a means for aligning the mutual arrangement of both materials to be butted. , A temporary backing material 5 and a backing flux 6 are used.

The temporary backing material 5 is temporarily used for backing and is removed after the work is completed, and is usually made of a metal different from the material to be welded, such as a copper plate. There is. Also, backing flux 6
Even though there are variations in the shape or width of the groove in the middle of the welding line, it is possible to prevent variations in the back bead and to obtain a beautiful bead. This is because Further, in this example, an air hose 7 is provided as a means for pressing the temporary backing material 5 toward the groove back surface 4 with an appropriate pressing force. The pressing force can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of injected air supplied to the air hose 7.

[0005]

Although the above-mentioned conventional method is improved in various points as compared with the prior method, it still has the following problems.

A) The shapes of the welding points of the materials A to B are
It is inevitable that some deformation will occur during welding, and it is quite possible that some deformation has already occurred even before welding. It is quite difficult to form the backing material 5 temporarily while maintaining a uniform gap.

Further, even if the temporary backing material 5 having the required shape can be prepared, this is a so-called special order product, and it is of course impossible to divert it to other work. It should be economical.

B) If the welding location is not a flat surface but a curved surface (as shown in FIG. 3), for example, when joining members in the shape of slices one after another to make one drum, the backing is temporarily applied. In order to arrange the material 5 in a proper relational position with respect to the material and to maintain the arrangement stably, a plurality of auxiliary members are used to connect the material such as the drum and the temporary backing material 5 to each other. However, it is necessary to maintain a uniform gap between the two over the entire length of the welding line on the curved surface, but this is extremely complicated work and it is very difficult to obtain a satisfactory condition. It is very difficult to carry out a normal backside weld on the weld along the line, as long as the conventional method is used.

C) The temporary backing material used for back bead welding needs to be frequently replaced by fusing and joining with the weld metal, but the size of the temporary backing material is the length of the welding line. It is necessary to have a long product to meet the requirements, and each replacement requires a considerable expense.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art. (A) The temporary backing material has a small and lightweight structure, which simplifies the replacement work and saves the replacement cost. In addition, even if the shape of the material near the groove is deformed or has an irregular shape, it can be sufficiently used as a temporary backing material,
Demonstrates its excellent function as a temporary backing material. (B) Whether the welding line is on a flat surface or a curved surface,
The temporary relationship between the backing material and the material is always maintained in a proper relational position, and means for maintaining the position is realized by a simple structure and easy operation, and the maintenance of the relational position is improved. C) With accuracy, adjust the clearance between the groove back surface and the rolling roller peripheral surface corresponding to the welding arc working position to the back wave portion formed on the groove back surface. Any shape can be given. D) The penetration shape during the primary welding work of the weld metal, which is effective for double-sided welding, can be made extremely easy by using the surface shape of the members that make up the temporary backing material. , And optionally to the groove portion, or to form the rising shape of the weld metal formed on the groove back surface into a desired shape,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a welding method and apparatus capable of performing the welding.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the welding method of the present invention comprises: a) a backside welding method using a temporary backing material, and b) a groove back surface of the material to be welded. When rolling roller is pressed, c) when the welding arc is relatively moved on the groove surface along the groove line for welding work, the rolling roller also welds on the groove back surface along the groove line. Welding is carried out by temporarily moving the outer peripheral portion of the rolling roller, which d) moves relative to the arc at a constant speed and comes into contact with the groove back surface, as a backing material.

Alternatively, e) a position on the groove line where welding work is performed by a welding arc and a contact position at which a rolling roller rolling on the groove back surface along the groove line contacts the groove back surface. The welding operation may be performed in a state where the space between the two positions on the groove line is maintained at an arbitrary dimension.

The welding apparatus of the present invention is A) a backside welding apparatus for welding using a temporary backing material, and B) provided so that it can roll at a location where the temporary backing material is arranged. The outer peripheral portion of the rolling roller constitutes a temporary backing material, and C) means for pressing the rolling roller against the groove back surface during welding work, and a groove along the groove line for welding arc for welding work. A means for relatively moving on the front surface and a means for relatively moving the rolling roller on the groove back surface along the groove line at a constant speed with the welding arc according to the relative movement of the welding arc are provided.

Alternatively, it is effective to provide a ring-shaped protrusion or a ring-shaped groove on the outer peripheral surface of the D) rolling roller.

[0015]

[Operation] A rolling roller having a function as a temporary backing material is provided and pressed against the groove back surface of the material, and the welding arc moves relative to the groove surface along the groove line for welding work. Along with the movement, the rolling roller also relatively moves on the groove back surface along the groove line to perform welding work.

The rolling roller, which is relatively moving, is rolled along the back surface of the groove while being pressed against the back surface of the groove. As a result, the rolling roller realizes exactly the same action as the conventional temporary backing material on the groove back surface, corresponding to the intrusion of the weld metal, and forming a back wave on the groove back surface side. be able to.

Further, since the rolling rollers move relative to each other under the above-mentioned condition, even if there are irregular irregularities on the surface,
Accurately roll on the surface along the irregularities. Therefore,
On the groove line between the position on the groove line where welding work by the welding arc is performed and the contact position where the rolling roller rolling on the groove back surface along the groove line contacts the groove back surface. When welding work is performed with the space between both positions kept at a predetermined size, the clearance between the groove back surface and the rolling roller peripheral surface at the position where the welding arc is applied is always a constant size throughout the working period. The height of the back wave portion formed on the back surface of the groove or the shape of the back wave is accurately aligned under arbitrary dimensions.

When the welding arc moves relative to the groove surface along the groove line for the welding operation, the rolling roller also moves relative to the groove back surface along the groove line. Depending on the size, shape, etc., either the method of "moving welding arc / fixing material" or "fixing welding arc / moving material" is selected as the operation mode of the relative movement. In either case, the rolling roller is always operated in the same state (moved or fixed) together with the welding arc.

By providing a ring-shaped ridge on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller, the penetration of the weld metal that melts into the groove can be limited to an arbitrary depth by the ridge.
This makes it possible to form a penetration shape during the primary welding operation of the weld metal, which functions effectively when performing double-sided welding, inside the groove.

Further, by providing a ring-shaped groove on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller, the height or shape of the back corrugated portion projecting on the groove back surface is regulated to a desired height or shape. To help.

[0021]

EXAMPLES Examples will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, a welding metal 2 is supplied by a welding arc 8 to a groove 1 formed between a material A and an opposite material B (not shown), whereby both materials A,
The manner in which the backside welding is performed during B is shown.

A rolling roller 9 is rotatably supported on one end of a lever 11 by a roller shaft 10. The lever 11 is supported by a support base 12 so as to be rotatable about a support shaft 13, and the rod end of a fluid cylinder 14 is locked to the other end by a pin 15. Fluid cylinder 14
By moving the fluid in and out, the rolling roller 9 can be pressed toward the groove back surface 4 through the lever 11 or the pressing force can be relaxed.

In the illustrated example, the material is curved and the groove 1 provided at the end of the material also has a curved shape. Such materials A and B are supported by the rollers 16 and 17 for rotation. 1
An example is shown in which welding work is performed while the materials A and B are integrally rotated by supplying power to 6 to forcibly rotate the rollers 16. As the materials A and B rotate, the rolling roller 9 pressed against the surface thereof is forced to roll at that position. So in this case,
The position of the welding arc 8 and the center of rotation of the rolling roller 9 are fixed to each other at a predetermined position, and the welding operation is performed under the condition that the relative arrangement between the two does not change.
This is shown as an example of the welding operation by the above-mentioned "fix welding arc, move material" method.

When it is difficult to move the material to be welded, the method of "moving the welding arc / fixing the material" is adopted, the material is placed on the ground, and the welding arc and the rolling roller are set. The welding work is performed while moving in the state along the direction of the groove line by a moving means including a rail and a moving vehicle. This method is particularly effective when the surface on which the welding operation is performed is a flat surface.

The force for pressing the rolling roller 9 toward the groove back surface 4 is usually a force such as light pressure. As the crimping means, in the example of FIG.
An example of using a spring is shown.
Alternatively, by hanging a weight whose weight can be increased or decreased at the position of the pin 15 and applying a force in the W direction to this point,
There are some that try to crimp both sides.

During operation, the rolling roller 9 keeps rolling while its outer peripheral surface is always in pressure contact with the groove back surface 4. In this case, the pressure-bonding points on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller 9 do not move cyclically on the peripheral surface and are fixed at one location, but the heat retained by the weld metal is periodically transferred from the pressure-bonding points. Transmitted,
As a result, the entire rolling roller is gradually heated. Cooling the rolling roller by spraying cooling water to the rolling roller 9 in this state not only helps prevent overheating of the rolling roller itself, but also improves the pressure bonding point of the rolling roller. It is also effective in promoting heat transfer for cooling the weld metal on the side of the material having a crimping relationship with the weld metal or its surroundings, and such a cooling method is performed as necessary. To be done.

In FIG. 1, the position of the welding arc 8 is positioned on the downstream side by a distance d from the contact position where the rolling roller 9 contacts the groove back surface 4, and welding is performed at a point after passing the contact position by the distance d. When the arrangement is such that welding by the arc 8 is performed, the clearance between the groove back surface 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller 9 was zero at the contact position, but passed by the distance d. Then, the clearance is t. Therefore, by setting the distance d to an arbitrary dimension,
It is possible to freely select the height of the back wave portion 20 formed in the width of the clearance.

However, if the distance d is set too large, the clearance t may open too much, and the weld metal may drop. Therefore, the distance d is set in relation to the relative movement speed during welding work. There is a need to. Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which the materials A and B are curved and the groove 1 formed at the end also exhibits a curve, the relationship between the distance d and the clearance t is The present invention is not limited to the configuration of this example, and is applicable and applicable even when the surface of the material is flat and the groove line is a straight line.

FIG. 2 shows the outer shape of different embodiments of the rolling roller used in the present invention. In the figure, (a) shows the rolling roller 9 having a flat outer peripheral surface.

(B) is the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller 9b,
An example in which a ring-shaped groove 18 having a depth y is provided is shown. By providing such a groove 18, even when the distance d shown in FIG. 1 is zero, it is possible to form a back wave portion having a height y on the groove back surface 4 side. Then, the shape of the back wave part,
It is possible to regulate to any shape depending on the shape of the groove 18.

(C) is the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller 9c,
An example in which a ring-shaped protrusion 19 is provided is shown. By appropriately selecting the shape of the ridge 19, the penetration shape at the time of the primary welding work of the weld metal, which is effective when performing double-sided welding,
The tip of the ridge 19 prevents the weld metal from entering at a proper position, so that it can be formed on the groove portion. That is, the rolling roller 9c is
In particular, it is suitable for welding thick steel plates in the case of welding steel plates having an X-shaped groove.

In general, in steel plate welding, if an X-shaped groove is applied, the amount of weld metal used for overlaying is relatively small, and efficient welding can be carried out. This tendency is particularly remarkable when the applied steel plate is a thick steel plate, but the penetration shape of the weld metal during the primary welding operation, particularly the weld metal penetration amount, can be adjusted to an appropriate amount by the rolling roller 9c. Restricting and then performing secondary welding from the opposite side prevents imbalances in the build-up amount that occur twice, resulting in well-balanced work and improving the accuracy of welding work. It is possible to obtain highly efficient and economical products. In this regard,
There are many places where the rolling roller 9c contributes to the technical field of double-sided welding.

In the present invention, instead of the outer peripheral portion of the rolling roller applied as a temporary backing material, an endless chain is pressed against the groove back surface to roll, and the outer peripheral surface of the chain is temporarily backed. It can also be applied as a material.

[0034]

Since the welding method and apparatus of the present invention are constructed as described above, the following effects are obtained.

(A) When the rolling roller is pressed against the groove back surface of the material to be welded and the welding arc is relatively moved along the groove line on the groove surface for the welding operation, the rolling roller also moves. Along the groove line, the rear surface of the groove is moved at a constant speed relative to the welding arc, and the outer peripheral part of the rolling roller that rolls in contact with the rear surface of the groove is applied as a temporary backing material for welding work. Since this is done, even if the shape of the material near the groove is deformed or has an irregular shape, it can be adequately handled as a temporary backing material. Demonstrate excellent functions. Also, regardless of whether the welding line is on a flat surface or a curved surface, it is possible to always maintain a proper relational position between the backing material and the material. It can be realized by various operations. Further, the temporary backing material can be made compact and lightweight, and the replacement work can be simplified and the replacement cost can be reduced.

(A) According to the structure of claim 2, the welding arc is formed on the rear surface of the groove by arbitrarily selecting the distance between the position of the arc and the contact position where the rolling roller contacts the rear surface of the groove. An arbitrary height or shape can be imparted to the back wave portion.

(C) According to the structure of claim 4, by providing a ring-shaped protrusion on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller, the penetration shape at the time of primary welding work of the weld metal, which is effective for double-sided welding, can be obtained. It is possible to form the groove portion very easily and arbitrarily, and as a result, it is possible to prevent the unbalance of the build-up amount and to perform a well-balanced welding operation. It is possible to perform work that is both highly efficient and economically efficient.

Further, according to the structure of the fourth aspect, by providing a ring-shaped groove on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller, the rising shape of the weld metal formed on the groove back surface is formed into a desired specific shape. be able to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a main part in an embodiment of a method and an apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an outline view of different embodiments of the rolling roller of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a conventional device in a cutaway manner.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 groove 2 weld metal 3 groove front surface 4 groove back surface 8 welding arc 9, 9b, 9c rolling roller 14 fluid cylinder 18 groove 19 ridge 20 back corrugation A, B material d distance t clearance y depth

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. In a backside welding method using a temporary backing material, a rolling roller is pressed against the groove back surface of the material to be welded, and a welding arc is opened along the groove line for welding work. When relatively moving on the front surface, the rolling roller also moves along the groove line on the groove back surface at a constant speed relative to the welding arc, and rolls in contact with the groove back surface to roll. A welding method characterized in that the welding work is performed by applying a part as a backing material. 2. A position between a position where a welding arc is performed on the groove line and a contact position where a rolling roller rolling on the groove back surface along the groove line contacts the groove back surface. ,
The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the welding operation is performed in a state in which the distance between the positions on the groove line is maintained at an arbitrary dimension. 3. A backside welding device for welding using a temporary backing material, wherein the temporary backing is provided by an outer peripheral portion of a rolling roller which is rollable at a location where the temporary backing material is arranged. A means for pressing the rolling roller against the groove back surface during welding work, a means for moving the welding arc relative to the groove surface along the groove line for welding work, and a welding arc A welding device comprising: each means for moving the rolling roller relatively on the groove back surface along the groove line at a constant speed with the welding arc according to the relative movement. 4. The welding device according to claim 3, wherein a ring-shaped protrusion or a ring-shaped groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller.