JPH05132683A - Production of hybrid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a hybrid fuel, capable of reducing the fuel cost and simultaneously protecting resources and environment by mixing a solid fuel prepared from a waste with a natural fuel and then carrying out compression molding or granulation processing. CONSTITUTION:A solid fuel (S) prepared from a waste is pulverized in a fine pulverizer 17 and impurities are removed by a specific gravity separator 19. A mixer 21 is then charged with the resultant pulverized solid fuel and further a natural fuel (N) such as mainly coal. The solid fuel (S) is mixed with the natural fuel (N) in the mixer 21. A compression molding machine 23 or a granulator 27 is subsequently charged with the obtained mixture and compression molding or granulating processing is carried out. Drying treatment is further performed to afford the objective clean fuel without any exhaust gas.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a hybrid fuel obtained by mixing a solid fuel containing waste and a natural fuel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, petroleum, coal, charcoal, wood chips, etc. have been known as natural fuels. Among these natural fuels, for example, coal is known to generate a calorific value of 5,000 to 8,000 kcal per kilogram. ing.

Recently, when producing solid fuel by drying and solidifying wastes such as municipal waste through a crusher, a crusher, a sorter, a mixing heating reactor, a compression molding machine and a drying and solidifying device, Proposed to obtain solid fuel by waste by adding appropriate amount of alkaline earth metal oxide such as CaO to each step or all steps of crusher, crusher and mixing heating reactor Has been done.
It is considered that the solid fuel generated from this waste can generate only a calorific value of about 3500 to 4500 kcal per kilogram.

[0004]

By the way, there is a problem that the cost is high when only the above-mentioned conventional natural fuel is used. In addition, there is a problem in that only the solid fuel from waste is used, and the calorific value is about half that of the natural fuel.

In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of natural fuel used to reduce the fuel cost, to effectively utilize solid fuel by waste, and to conserve resources. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a hybrid fuel aiming at environmental protection.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized in that a solid fuel made of waste is mixed with a natural fuel and then compression molding or granulation is performed. A method for producing a hybrid fuel.

[0007]

By adopting the hybrid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention, a natural fuel is mixed with a solid fuel made of waste. By subjecting this mixed material to compression molding or granulation processing, a compression molded or granulated hybrid fuel can be obtained.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, a method for producing solid fuel from waste used in this embodiment will be described.

Referring to FIG. 2, for example, waste G such as garbage removed from general households or offices includes combustible materials such as paper, cardboard, fibers and iron, aluminum, glass, earth, stones, etc. Of the non-combustible material and water contained therein, and is transported by, for example, a truck, a packer vehicle, or other transport vehicle, and is once put into a waste receiving tank 1 including a pit. This waste receiving tank 1
The required amount of waste G is put into the disintegrator 3 at a required time.

The crusher 3 is, for example, a hydraulic low speed drive type tearing coarse crusher, and since its specific structure is known, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, but it has two or three shafts each having a different rotational speed. However, a plurality of blades are provided on the outer circumference of each shaft.

[0012] Then, the thrown waste G is gripped by two or three-axis rotary tearing blades having different rotational speeds, torn and pierced to a solid one, and slowly driven by a low speed and high torque hydraulic drive. It is torn and discharged from the discharge port at the bottom of the main unit. The crusher 3 is driven by a hydraulic drive system, and by using a variable discharge axial piston pump, high speed and low speed torque is required during normal load, and low speed and high speed torque operation is required when load is increased. Since the shaft rotation speed can be changed according to the above, the operation control can always be performed in the optimum state for the crushing load.

First waste G1 crushed by the crusher 3
Is sent to the first sorter 5 which is, for example, a belt conveyor. The first sorting machine 5 is provided with a magnetic separator, which removes metals such as iron and non-ferrous and removes harmful hazardous substances. Further, in the first sorting machine 5, medium-grained inorganic substances such as bottles and blocks are sorted and removed.

After the metal and inorganic substances are removed by the first sorter 5, the second waste G2 is sent to the crusher 7. The crusher 7 is composed of, for example, a hammer mill, and the second waste G2 is further finely crushed by the crusher 7. The third waste G3 finely crushed by the crusher 7 is, for example, a magnetic separator or a sieve. It is sent to the second sorter 9 including a separator and a specific gravity difference separator. The second sorter 9 removes fine metals and inorganic substances that cannot be completely removed by the first sorter 5, and the fourth sorter 4
Waste G4 is charged into the mixed heating reactor 11. In the mixed heating reactor 11 or a step before this, a reactant such as an alkaline earth oxide such as CaO is added at a rate of, for example, 5 to 10% with respect to the waste.

The mixing heating reactor 11 is, for example, a rotary type 6
It is composed of a square mixer, a ribbon mixer, a moving screw type agitator, etc., and is heated and mixed for a certain period while being stored. As a heating means in the mixing and heating reactor 11, hot air or a heating tube is used.
The reaction rate can be increased. It is preferably carried out in a sealed state, for example, at 60 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower for 1 hour or longer.

Next, the fifth waste G5 reacted in the mixing heating reactor 11 is put into the compression molding machine 13 to increase its density by the compression action, and then extruded into a granular shape.
The sixth waste G6 formed in a granular shape by the compression molding device 13
Is put into the drying and solidifying unit 15. In the drying and solidification 15, raising the temperature for example up to 130 to 230 ° C., subjected to sterilization, to complete the thermochemical change, neutralized except when and to which alkali (CaCoH) ₂ which contains at the same time the water with CO ₂ gas By solidifying and solidifying the solid fuel S, waste solid fuel S is obtained.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned drying and solidifying unit 15 may feed back to the mixing and heating reactor 11 if necessary.

In the solid fuel S obtained from the waste thus obtained, the nitrogen content in the municipal solid waste is removed as an ammonia content, the NOx generation load due to the nitrogen content contained in the fuel itself is reduced, and the quality as a clean energy is improved. Can be planned.

In this example, it was confirmed that it is effective to produce a fuel suitable for a fluidized-bed boiler, in view of combustion characteristics, because the mechanical load is small.
It is mechanically easy and effective to produce a granule having a size of approximately 5 mm to 10 mm.

When the solid fuel S is produced from waste through the treatment steps from the introduction of the waste G into the waste receiving tank 1 to the drying and solidifying unit 15, the waste receiving tank 1 or the crusher is used. For example, CaO as an alkaline earth metal oxide is added to waste G such as municipal waste for the purpose of suppressing deodorization and spoilage fermentation, and a physicochemical reaction treatment is performed. In this case, the added amount of CaO is preferably about 0 to 30% of the total added amount. Even if it exceeds 30%, it is not so effective.

That is, by actually introducing CaO into the waste receiving tank 1 or the disintegrator 3, from the receiving and storing facility for municipal solid waste that had to be overcome in common by this type of facility up to now. It is possible to prevent the generation of bad odor. And, by the action of CaO, it has the effect of suppressing spoilage / fermentation and the generation of insects.

In addition, the crusher 3 for crushing the municipal solid waste can also be preliminarily charged with CaO to prevent a bad odor and further prevent plant corrosion due to adhesion of anaerobic fermentation products. .. It is desirable that the amount of waste to be input to the waste receiving tank 1 be in the range of 10% to 20% of the total amount of input.

In addition, the second screen sorted by the first sorting machine 5
When the waste G2 is charged into the crusher 7, CaO is also charged together to carry out the mixing and the first-order chemical reaction by CaO. In this case, the addition amount of CaO is preferably 0 to 50% of the total addition amount to perform the physicochemical reaction treatment.

The purpose of charging into the crusher 7 is that CaO and dust are uniformly mixed in the crusher 7, and at the same time, solids are brought into contact with each other mechanically to promote the reaction by CaO. Dust of municipal waste generated from the conventional crushing process of this kind is biologically active, and it is recognized that pathogenic bacteria have a considerable influence on the environment. In this respect, not only the reaction can be promoted by introducing CaO into the crusher 7, but also a remarkable effect can be obtained in improving the working environment in the factory.

Further, CaO may be added to the mixing and heating reactor 11 at the same time when the fourth waste G4 selected by the second selector 9 is introduced. In this case, the added amount of CaO is preferably 20% to 100% of the total added amount. The purpose of adding CaO in this step is to complete the reaction by CaO.

In some cases, the waste receiving tank 1, the disintegrator 3, the disintegrator 7 and the mixing heating reactor 11 all have C.
It is also possible to add aO in an appropriate amount.

Therefore, this is a process for adding CaO, reacting it with municipal solid waste, converting it into a physicochemically stable substance, and removing NOx components such as ammonia from the waste. The compression-molded granular intermediate product has a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher due to heating and the exothermic reaction of CaO.

Water is removed from this in the next drying step,
Moreover, the solid fuel S is solidified by the reaction between the calcium and the carbon dioxide gas in the combustion gas, and the solid fuel S made of waste as an intermediate product that is easy to handle is obtained.

Next, a manufacturing method in which a hybrid fuel is obtained by mixing the solid fuel S made of waste obtained by the above-described manufacturing method and the natural fuel N mainly using coal will be described with reference to FIG. .. In FIG. 1, the solid fuel S by waste is put into a fine powder crusher 17 and further crushed into fine particles by the fine crusher 17. The fine granular solid fuel crushed by the fine pulverizer 17 is put into the specific gravity difference separator 19, and the specific gravity difference separator 19 further removes impurities (incombustibles) such as glass and iron scraps.

The granular solid fuel from which impurities have been removed by the specific gravity difference separator 19 is introduced into the mixer 21, and
Natural fuel N, which is mainly coal, is introduced into the mixer 21. Therefore, in the mixer 21, the granular solid fuel and the natural fuel N are mixed at a fixed ratio for a fixed time.

The mixture mixed in the mixer 21 is put into a compression molding machine 23 and compression molded, for example.
Further, by performing a drying process under a certain condition in the dryer 25, a small solid hybrid fuel H _A having a size of, for example, bean charcoal or briquettes can be obtained.

The mixture mixed in the mixer 21 is put into the granulator 27 in some cases. Water or Ca (OH) ₂ is added to the granulator 27 and granulated under constant conditions. Further, the solid fuel S produced by waste is dried by being dried in the dryer 29 under certain conditions.
A granular granulated hybrid fuel H having a layer of natural fuel N attached to the outer periphery with a core of
_B will be obtained.

Since the small solid hybrid fuel H _A and the granulated hybrid fuel H _B thus obtained contain the natural fuel N at a constant ratio, the conventional 100
%, The sulfur and chlorine contained in the natural fuel N are absorbed by CaO contained in the solid fuel S as waste.

Further, the solid fuel S by waste is contained at a constant ratio, and the solid fuel S contains CaO.
By containing, the exhaust gas is cleaned and becomes a clean fuel free from exhaust gas.

By using this hybrid fuel,
For example, it can be used as a fuel for a small boiler such as a simple stove, has an anthracite quality, and since it contains solid fuel S from waste, it becomes fibrous and has an effect as a binder. It becomes easy to granulate. The calorie has a calorie value comparable to that of low-grade coal, which is intermediate between that of the natural fuel N and the solid fuel S of waste, and it can be sufficiently used as a fuel and can be used for various purposes of various fuels.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in other modes by making appropriate changes.

[0037]

As will be understood from the above description of the embodiments, according to the present invention, since the structure is as described in the claims, the hybrid fuel is
Since natural fuel is contained in a fixed ratio, the conventional 10
It can be manufactured cheaply compared to the cost of 0% natural fuel. In addition, since the solid fuel containing waste is contained at a fixed rate and CaO is contained in the solid fuel, the exhaust gas is cleaned to obtain a clean fuel without exhaust gas. You can

By using this hybrid fuel,
For example, it can be used as a fuel for a small boiler such as a simple stove, and the quality becomes anthracite, and since it also contains solid fuel from waste, it becomes fibrous and effective as a binder. Easier to do. It has a calorific value equivalent to that of low-grade coal, which is intermediate between that of solid fuels derived from natural fuels and wastes, and it can be sufficiently used as a fuel and can be used for various purposes of various fuels.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process explanatory view of an embodiment of a hybrid fuel manufacturing method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an example of a process for producing a solid fuel by waste used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

S Solid fuel by waste N Natural fuel H _A Small solid hybrid fuel H _B Granulated hybrid fuel 17 Fine grinder 19 Specific gravity difference separator 21 Mixer 23 Compression molding machine 25 Dryer 27 Granulator 29 Dryer

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method of producing a hybrid fuel, which comprises mixing a natural fuel with a solid fuel made of waste and then performing compression molding or granulation.