JPH05132000A - Decelerating device of re-entry capsule to atomosphere for space probe - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To lessen weight and volume by lessening a mechanism for releasing a parachute. CONSTITUTION:While a capsule 1 is formed in the center of the body 2 with an air intake port 3 extending back and forth therethrough, a rear opening of the air intake port 3 is closed with a cap 7. When the capsule 1 re-enters the atmospher, the cap 7 is released from a restricting force by air pressure coming from the air intake port 3. Further, a parachute 6 is drawn out of the capsule 1 to be opened by the cap 7 releasing energy.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a speed reducer for decelerating a capsule entering a planet's atmosphere for the purpose of planetary exploration.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A parachute is widely used as a decelerating device for this type of atmospheric entry capsule, as shown in FIG. In this, the parachute 32 is folded and stored in the capsule 31 in advance, and the parachute 32 is released at a predetermined timing after entering the atmosphere and the parachute 32 is opened to obtain a deceleration force.

On the other hand, when the distance between the capsule 31 and the parachute 32, which are interconnected by the riser 33, is short (for example, L / D is 6 or less), the parachute 32 is smoothly moved by the wake F of the capsule 31. You may not open your umbrella or you may not be able to obtain the necessary and sufficient resistance. Especially when the capsule 32 tries to open a plurality of parachutes sequentially in the transonic or supersonic speed range, the length of the riser of the first so-called pilot shoot (drogue chute) must be sufficiently large ( L /
(About 10 or more in D), the resistance necessary for pulling out the main parachute following the pilot chute cannot be generated, and the blunt shape of the capsule 31 also increases the riser length.

Therefore, conventionally, a gas pressure type mechanism shown in FIG. 3 is adopted as the parachute discharge mechanism 34. This consists of a parachute 32 and a riser 3 in a capsule 31.
3 is provided, and a case 35 is provided.
Is sealed with a cap 36 and then the case 35 is filled with a predetermined gas. Then, at the time of discharging the parachute, when the connection between the case 35 and the cap 36 is released, the cap 36 obtains an initial velocity due to the gas pressure and pops out ((B) in FIG. 3), and further the parachute (including the storage bag) 32 and the riser 33. Part of it jumps through the wake F (Fig. (C)). When the riser 33 is fully extended, the storage bag 37 and the cap 36 are separated from the parachute 32 by the relative speed ((D) of the same figure), and then the parachute 32 is opened ((E) of the same figure).

[0005]

In the above conventional structure, the riser length is increased or the area of the parachute 32 is increased in order to obtain the necessary and sufficient deceleration force as described above. However, in both cases, the weight and volume increase, and the parachute emission mechanism increases in size, which is extremely disadvantageous for planetary exploration missions in which lightweight and downsizing are particularly required.

Further, in the parachute discharge mechanism 34 utilizing the gas pressure as described above, the capsule 31 itself for the purpose of planetary exploration reaches the predetermined planet for the first time in several years, so that the gas pressure during that period is Leakage remains a problem and is not always sufficient in terms of reliability.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and makes it possible to reliably discharge and open parachutes with a short riser length without relying on a gas pressure type discharge mechanism, and yet to achieve parachute. The present invention intends to provide a structure in which a necessary and sufficient resistance (deceleration force) is obtained.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in decelerating a capsule that plunges into the atmosphere of a planet, a parachute is released from the capsule and the parachute is opened to decelerate the capsule. An air intake hole that penetrates the center of the body in the front-rear direction is formed in the capsule, and a cap that closes the rear opening of the air intake hole is provided, and when the restraining force of the cap is released, air intake is performed. The cap is released by the air pressure taken from the hole, and the parachute in the capsule is pulled out and opened by the released energy of the cap.

[0009]

According to this structure, when the restraining force of the cap is released, the dynamic pressure generated in the air intake hole releases the cap, and subsequently the parachute is pulled out without being affected by the wake and the umbrella is opened. To do.

That is, by releasing the parachute by utilizing the dynamic pressure in the air intake hole, the conventional parachute releasing mechanism is not required and the dynamic pressure distribution in the downstream region of the capsule is improved. , It becomes possible to obtain the necessary and sufficient resistance by opening the parachute with a shorter riser length.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 (A), an air intake hole 3 is formed in a capsule 1 so as to penetrate the center of a body 2 in the front-rear direction. On the rear side of the body portion 2, a parachute storage portion 4 is formed in an annular shape so as to surround the opening portion of the air intake hole 3.

In the parachute storage portion 4, a riser 5 having a required length and one or a plurality of parachutes 6 are folded and stored, and the opening portion of the parachute storage portion 4 and the rear portion of the air intake hole 3 are accommodated. The opening is covered with a cap 7, which closes the rear opening surface of the air intake hole 3. The cap 7 is connected to the body portion 2 of the capsule 1 by a connecting means 8 using a pyrotechnic such as an explosion bolt or a separation nut.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the capsule 1
After rushing into the atmosphere, when the sufficient dynamic pressure is obtained, the binding force of the cap 7 by the cap coupling means 8 is released. When the coupling force of the cap 7 is released, the cap 7 is blown and released to the rear of the capsule 1 by the air pressure blown from the air intake hole 3 as shown in FIG. The parachute 6 connected by the riser 9 is pulled out in accordance with the energy released from the cap 7.

As the air passes through the air intake hole 3 as described above, the dynamic pressure distribution in the downstream region of the capsule 1 is improved, and a large dynamic pressure is generated from the air intake hole 3 to the rear thereof. Therefore, the parachute 6 receives sufficient aerodynamic force to quickly open the parachute.

As a result, even if the diameter of the parachute 6 is approximately the same as the diameter of the capsule 1 or the shorter riser length, for example, L / D = 6, the capsule 1 can be decelerated. It is possible to generate sufficient air resistance. This is also the case when the parachute with two to four stages is opened in sequence.

[0016]

As described above, according to the present invention, an air intake hole penetrating the center of the body of the capsule in the front-rear direction is formed in the capsule, and a cap for closing the rear opening of the air intake hole is provided. When the cap is released, the cap is released by the air pressure taken from the air intake hole when the restraining force of the cap is released, and the parachute in the capsule is pulled out by the released energy of the cap to open the umbrella. The conventional gas pressure type parachute discharge mechanism is not required, the weight and volume of the payload can be reduced, and the gas pressure leak does not become a problem, and the system reliability is improved.

Further, since the dynamic pressure distribution in the downstream region of the capsule is improved due to the air flow from the air intake hole, the capsule has a shorter riser length and does not make the parachute extremely large. Sufficient air resistance to decelerate the capsule is obtained, which can also contribute to reduction in weight and volume of the capsule decelerator.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an operation explanatory view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a conventional speed reducer.

FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory view of a parachute discharge mechanism in the speed reducer of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Capsule 2 ... Body 3 ... Air intake hole 4 ... Parachute storage 5 ... Riser 6 ... Parachute 7 ... Cap

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A deceleration device that decelerates a capsule entering a planetary atmosphere by releasing a parachute from the capsule and opening the parachute to decelerate the capsule. Is formed with an air intake hole penetrating in the direction, and a cap is provided to close the rear opening of the air intake hole, and when the restraining force of the cap is released, the cap is provided by the air pressure taken from the air intake hole. And a parachute in the capsule are pulled out by the release energy of the cap to open the umbrella, and a decelerating device for an atmospheric rush capsule for planetary exploration.