JPH05114015A - Information processor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To operate three-dimensional graphics without using an exclusive hardware by using function keys for executing coordinate transformation operation from an initially set three-dimensional space into another optional three-dimensional space and the setting of a visual point on a three-dimensional space. CONSTITUTION:When an F10 key on a keyboard 3 is depressed, a straight line is plotted on a window in accordance with the movement of a cursor, and when an F6 key is depressed on a certain coordinate value, a polygon or the like stored in a memory can be plotted on the position of the coordinate value. When a control key and the F10 key on the keyboard 3 are simultaneously depressed, a linear menu is transformed into a polygonal menu. A mark or the like set up by the F6 key is displayed on an upper position. Functions capable of executing logically specific coordinate transformation operation at the time of affin coordinate transformation operation can be allocated to respective function keys arranged on the keyboard 3 to execute the specific operation.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus, and more particularly to an information processing apparatus having an electronic edit printing function and a graphic display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a perspective view is drawn using a computer system, a three-dimensional model having a virtual orthogonal coordinate space (xyz coordinate system) is generated in the computer system, and its coordinate values in the xy directions are calculated. Perspective transformation was performed by dividing by a distance in the depth (z) direction to draw a figure.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, in order to draw a perspective view using a three-dimensional model, a high performance CP such as a three-dimensional CAD system is used.
It is necessary to prepare a special system that has U and has special hardware such as a dedicated keyboard and dial for setting the viewpoint and coordinates, a display device with a z-buffer, and complicated software. there were. Also, from the viewpoint of operability, there is a problem that it takes time for an operator to become familiar with the keyboard operation unlike the keyboard operation provided in a general computer system.

The present invention has been made in view of the above conventional example, and an object of the present invention is to provide an information processing apparatus capable of realizing a certain three-dimensional drawing function without requiring dedicated hardware.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] and

In order to achieve the above object, the information processing apparatus of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, in an information processing apparatus having a keyboard having function keys and having a three-dimensional graphics function, a coordinate conversion operation from the initially set three-dimensional space to another arbitrary three-dimensional space and a cubic The information processing apparatus is characterized in that the viewpoint in the original space can be set using the function keys.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[Explanation of Apparatus Configuration (FIGS. 1 to 3)] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an external configuration of a workstation which is a typical embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the workstation of this embodiment includes a main body 1 having a CPU, a memory, a hard disk, etc., a display unit 2 (hereinafter referred to as CRT) using a CRT, a keyboard (KB) 3, And a mouse 4 which is a pointing device. On the display screen of CRT2,
A window 5 for displaying a perspective view and a window 6 for displaying menus, coordinate values, etc. are displayed.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the internal structure of the main body 1 shown in FIG. The main body 1 shown in FIG. 2 is a CPU
5, a memory 6, a VRAM 7, a hard disk interface 8, a hard disk (HD) 9, a keyboard interface 10, a mouse interface 11, and a CPU bus connecting these components.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of software used by the workstation of this embodiment. These softwares have a hierarchical structure. The operating system 15 is positioned at the lowest part, that is, the part having the hardware interface, the window system 16 is positioned at the upper level, and the application 17 is positioned at the upper level. Is positioned. These pieces of software are basically loaded from the hard disk 9 to the memory 6 and executed. However, depending on the execution priority and the execution frequency of the software, the load module is not made resident in the memory 11 and a module necessary for execution is provided. It is also possible to load and execute.

[Description of Coordinate Transformation (FIG. 4)] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship among a three-dimensional affine coordinate system, a viewpoint, a projection screen surface, and a window, and is shown in a front view, a plan view, and a side view. .. In FIG. 4, the position indicated by V is the viewpoint,
The point where a straight line passing through V and perpendicular to the screen surface intersects is defined as coordinate origin 0. All of the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis pass through this point. Further, arbitrary affine coordinate axes having the same origin 0 are U, V, and W.

Here, the inclinations from the Z axis to the U, V, and W axes on the ZX plane (plan view) are αU, αV, and αW. Further, the inclinations from the Z axis to the U, V, and W axes on the YZ plane (side view) are βU, βV, and βW. Further passing through viewpoint V,
Points where straight lines parallel to the U, V, and W axes intersect the screen surface are defined as Uf, Vf, and Wf, respectively. These are U
It is the focus of a straight line parallel to the axis, the V axis and the W axis. Let b be the point projected on the screen surface when the point a in the three-dimensional space is viewed from the viewpoint V. As shown in the front view, the window for displaying the perspective view displays a part of the screen surface.
Further, actually, the three-dimensional point a is specified by pointing the point b with the cursor.

Next, a processing procedure for specifying the point a in the three-dimensional space by an arbitrary affine coordinate value by designating the point b in the window with the cursor will be described.

Due to the similarity of the plan views, the relationship of the X coordinate value between the point a and the point b is expressed by the equation (27). Similarly, due to the similarity of the side view, the relationship of the Y coordinate value between the point a and the point b is as shown in Expression (28). However, the unknown is a
Since there are three (X), a (Y), and a (Z) and two relational expressions, the unknowns cannot be determined from the expressions (27) to (28). Where a (X), a (Y), a
(Z) represents the X coordinate value, the Y coordinate value, and the Z coordinate value of the point a in the XYZ coordinate system, respectively. Similarly, b
(X), b (Y), and a (Z) are the X coordinate value and the Y coordinate value of the point b in the XYZ coordinate system, and v (Z) is the Z coordinate value of the viewpoint V in the XYZ coordinate system. Represent

[0014]

[Equation 1] Now, let the coordinates of the point a be any affine coordinate system (U, V,
When expressed by W), it is expressed by equations (24) to (26) by the components projected on the ZY plane, the YZ plane, and the XY plane.

[0015]

[Equation 2] Here, the components Uyz, Vyz, and Wyz of the YZ plane are obtained by the equations (8) to (20), which are (1) to
It is based on the relationship of equation (7).

[0016]

[Equation 3]

[0017]

[Equation 4]

[0018]

[Equation 5] Uzx, Vzx, and Wzx are obtained from Uyz, Vyz, and Wyz using the equations (5) to (7). Uxy, Vx
y and Wxy are obtained from equations (21) to (23). By substituting each component thus obtained into the equations (24) to (26), the point a is represented by the UVW coordinate system. However, since a (X), a (Y), and a (Z) have not been determined, the coordinate values in the UVW system cannot be obtained as they are.

[0019]

[Equation 6] On the other hand, when drawing a perspective view, rather than directly determining the coordinates of an arbitrary point, on a plane where the coordinate values of one axis are fixed, or when the coordinate values of two axes are fixed and the cursor moves only in the direction parallel to the one axis. It is common to let them draw.

Therefore, here, it is considered that the coordinate values of one axis and U are fixed.

Then, in equations (3) to (4), (27) to (2)
By substituting the relationship of the equation (8) and using the relationships of the equations (1) to (7), the equations (29) to (31) are obtained.

[0022]

[Equation 7] Since the number of unknowns is equal to the number of equations, Vyz and Wyz can be obtained as in equations (32) to (40).

[0023]

[Equation 8] Also, (6) to (7), (22) to (23), (25)
~ Using the equation (26), the cursor coordinate values b (X) and b
The coordinate values of V and W are obtained from (Y).

Similarly, U and W when the V coordinate value is fixed
It is also possible to obtain the U coordinate value and the U coordinate value when the W coordinate value is fixed.

Next, if the coordinate values of the two axes, for example U and V, are fixed, from equations (41) to (42), (44) to (4)
Wyz can be obtained as in the equation (9), and also (7) and (2
The coordinates of W can be obtained by using only the cursor coordinate value b (X) using the equations 3) and (26). further,
By using the equations (41) and (43), the coordinate of W can be obtained using only b (Y).

[0026]

[Equation 9]

[0027]

[Equation 10] Either may be used, but the cursor can move only on the straight line connecting Wf and the point whose coordinates are initially determined. This is b (Y) / b (X) or b (X) / b
It means to move the cursor so that (Y) is constant.

Similarly, the coordinate value of U when the coordinate values of V and W are fixed, and the coordinate value of V when the coordinate values of W and U are fixed.
The coordinate values of can also be obtained.

[Operational procedure for obtaining affine coordinates (see FIG.
6)] Based on the above relationship, a procedure for obtaining affine coordinates using the workstation of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

FIG. 5 shows a window 6 displayed on the CRT 2.
6 is a diagram showing a relationship between function keys F1 to F11 of the keyboard 3. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the state transition of the degrees of freedom of the coordinate axes when each function key is pressed.

The first state is the start state shown in FIG. When the F1 key is pressed from this state, the state shifts to the viewpoint setting mode, and the position of the viewpoint with respect to the screen surface is set. When the F1 key is pressed again, the XYZ coordinates of the viewpoint are displayed on the menu. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the XYZ coordinate value of the viewpoint is (0,
0, -1).

Next, when the F2 key is pressed, the UVW affine coordinates are set. When the F2 key is pressed again after the setting is completed, the cursor is displayed at the origin 0 and the coordinate origin of the UVW coordinate system is fixed to the origin 0 (0,0,0) of the XYZ coordinate system.

When the F3 key is pressed in this state, the mode changes to only the U coordinate, and the coordinate value of U changes as the cursor moves. The cursor can be moved only on the straight line connecting the origin 0 and Uf. Next, when F4 is pressed, the coordinate values of the two axes U and V become free and only the coordinate value of W is fixed. That is, a point on the UV plane can be designated with the cursor. Further subsequently, when the F3 key is pressed, only the V coordinate becomes free, and the cursor can be moved only on the straight line connecting the origin 0 and Wf.

Then, when the F5 key is pressed, V,
The coordinate value of W becomes free and only the U coordinate is fixed. That is, a point on the VW plane can be designated by the cursor. Next, when the F3 key is pressed, all UVW coordinates are free and the coordinate values are undefined. The coordinate value cannot be obtained unless the F2 key is pressed again to set the coordinate and the coordinate value.

When the F10 key shown in FIG. 5 is pressed, a straight line is drawn in the window 5 according to the movement of the cursor. Further, when the F6 key is pressed with a certain coordinate value, the position at that time is stored in the memory 6, and a polygon or the like can be drawn. Control key on keyboard 3 and F1
When the 0 key is pressed at the same time, the straight line menu becomes a polygonal menu. The mark set with the F6 key is displayed on the upper side. Therefore, according to this embodiment, a function can be assigned to each of the function keys arranged on the keyboard so that a logically special coordinate conversion operation can be performed during the affine coordinate conversion operation.

Although the affine coordinates are set in the ZX plane and the YZ plane in this embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be set on the XY plane and another plane,
It is also possible to set the direction cosine.

The present invention may be applied to a system composed of a plurality of devices or an apparatus composed of one device. Further, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to the case where it is achieved by supplying a program to a system or an apparatus.

[0039]

As described above, according to the present invention, the coordinate conversion operation to the three-dimensional space and the setting of the viewpoint in the three-dimensional space can be performed by using the function keys provided on the keyboard. Without having the necessary hardware
There is an effect that some degree of three-dimensional graphics operation can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the external configuration of a workstation that is a typical embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a workstation main body portion shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of software used by the workstation shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship among a three-dimensional space, a viewpoint, a screen, an affine space, and a window.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between setting menus such as a viewpoint, affine coordinates, and degrees of freedom displayed in a window 6 and function keys of the keyboard 3.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state transition of degrees of freedom of coordinate axes corresponding to pressing of each function key.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 CPU 2 CRT 3 keyboard 4 mouse 5 perspective drawing window 6 menu / coordinate value display window

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An information processing apparatus having a keyboard having function keys and having a three-dimensional graphics function, wherein coordinate conversion operation from the initially set three-dimensional space to another arbitrary three-dimensional space is performed. Alternatively, an information processing apparatus characterized in that a viewpoint can be set in a three-dimensional space by using the function key. 2. The information processing according to claim 1, wherein the initially set three-dimensional space is an orthogonal coordinate system, and the other arbitrary three-dimensional space is an affine coordinate system. apparatus. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising limiting means for limiting a degree of freedom of coordinates of the affine coordinate system.