JPH05103401A - Electric motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve an efficiency of energy by connecting a driving shaft of a heat engine to an auxiliary unit, driving the engine by heat generating energy of a traveling motor and driving the unit by the driving force of the engine. CONSTITUTION:A Stirling engine 3 is connected at its driving shaft 3a to an auxiliary unit 10 such as a generator, an air pump, etc., and the unit 10 is driven by its driving force. Accordingly, heat generating energy generated in a stator core of a traveling motor 2 is used as an energy source of the engine 3 at the time of operating the motor 2. Input energy from a battery 9 to the motor 2 is partly distributed to the unit 1 through the engine 3. Thus, the energy to be supplied from the limited energy source of the battery, etc., can be effectively utilized to improve an efficiency of the energy.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric vehicle which is driven by a driving force of a traveling electric motor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art DC motors, synchronous motors, and the like have been generally used as driving motors for electric vehicles, but this type of driving motor produces a larger output torque as the rotation speed decreases. While it can be generated,
The current supplied to the coil of the electric motor also increases in proportion to the increase in the output torque, so that the copper loss in the coil of the electric motor sharply increases and the amount of heat generation becomes large.
Most of the input energy is lost as heat generation energy, and the energy efficiency drops sharply.

On the other hand, the electric vehicle uses the limited electric energy stored in the battery as an energy source. Therefore, it is preferable to use the electric energy of the battery efficiently as much as possible.

However, the electric vehicle is inevitably subject to large fluctuations in the load of the traveling electric motor due to its nature. For example, when the vehicle is started, the rotational speed of the traveling electric motor is low, and the Frequently, the load becomes large and a large output torque is required.

Therefore, in the conventional electric vehicle,
As described above, most of the energy input to the electric motor for traveling is consumed as heat generation energy, resulting in low energy efficiency.

[0006]

The present invention eliminates such inconveniences, makes it possible to effectively utilize input energy supplied from a limited energy source such as a battery, and improves energy efficiency. The purpose is to provide a car.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is an electric vehicle that is driven by the driving force of a traveling electric motor, wherein the heat generating portion of the traveling electric motor is used as a heat source portion. A heat engine that generates a driving force using thermal energy of a Stirling engine or a Rankine cycle engine as an energy source is provided, and the driving shaft of the heat engine is used to drive an auxiliary machine such as a generator by the driving force of the heat engine. It is characterized by being connected to an auxiliary machine.

The second aspect of the present invention is, in an electric vehicle that is driven by the driving force of a traveling electric motor, the thermal energy of a Stirling engine, a Rankine cycle engine or the like in which the heat generating portion of the traveling electric motor is used as a heat source. A heat engine that generates a driving force by using as an energy source, the driving shaft of the heat engine and the driving shaft of the traveling motor can be traveled by both the driving force of the heat engine and the driving force of the traveling electric motor. It is characterized by connecting and.

[0009]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the heat energy generated in the heat generating portion of the traveling electric motor serves as the energy source of the heat engine, and the heat engine is driven thereby. Then, the driving force of the heat engine is applied to the auxiliary machine,
This drives the accessory.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the heat engine is driven by using the heat energy generated in the heat generating portion of the traveling electric motor as an energy source, and the driving force is
Together with the driving force of the traveling electric motor, it acts as a driving force for driving the electric vehicle.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An example of the first embodiment of the electric vehicle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of the electric vehicle, FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a main part thereof, and FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation thereof.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a composite power engine composed of a traveling electric motor 2 and a Stirling engine 3 as a heat engine. The composite power engine 1 will be described in detail later. 2 is integrally configured.

In this case, the traveling electric motor 2 transmits its driving force to the drive wheels 6 and 6 through the power transmission mechanism 4 and the differential gear mechanism 5 which are constituted by a known transmission or gear mechanism in this order. The drive shaft 2a is connected to the power transmission mechanism 4.

Electric power is supplied from the battery 9 to the traveling electric motor 2 via the drive circuit 8 controlled by the controller 7.

The drive shaft 3a of the Stirling engine 3 is connected to an auxiliary machine 10 such as a generator, an air conditioner compressor, an oil pump, an air pump, etc., and the auxiliary machine 10 is driven by its driving force. ..

The combined power engine 1 is constructed as follows.

That is, in FIG. 2, reference numerals 2 and 3 are used.
Respectively schematically show the configuration of the main parts of the traveling electric motor and the Stirling engine. In this case,
The electric motor 2 for traveling includes, for example, a rotor 12 to which a plurality of permanent magnets 11 are fixed, a stator core 14 around which a coil 13 is wound, and a drive shaft 2a extending from the rotor 12 concentrically.

The stator core 14 is fixed in a housing (not shown).

The Stirling engine 3 has, for example, the same basic structure as the well-known swash plate type four-cylinder double-acting type, and includes four cylinders 15 arranged in parallel with each other. A piston 16 slidably inserted in the cylinder 15, a rotary swash plate 19 attached to a rod 17 extending from each piston 16 via a slider 18, and a center of the rotary swash plate 19. From each part to each cylinder 15
And a drive shaft 3a extending in parallel therewith.

As is well known, the expansion space 2 separated by each piston 16 is provided inside each cylinder 15.
0 and the compression space 21 are formed, and these expansion spaces 20
The compression space 21 is circulated and serially connected between the adjacent cylinders 15 through the heat pipe 22, the regenerator 23, and the cooler pipe 24 in order.

In this case, the heat tube 22 is the stator core 14 which is the main heat generating portion of the traveling electric motor 2.
The stator core 14 is heated by the stator core 14 when the traveling electric motor 2 is operated.

The cooler pipe 24 is cooled by a cooler (not shown).

As is well known, the Stirling engine 3 is configured so that the expansion space 20 in each cylinder 15 is connected to the heat pipe 2.
2 and heating the compression space 21 in each cylinder 15 via the cooler pipe 24, the expansion space 20 and the compression space 21 of each cylinder 15 are cooled.
A pressure difference of the enclosed gas is generated, whereby each piston 16 is slid to rotate the rotary swash plate 19 together with the drive shaft 3a, and a drive force is output via the drive shaft 3a. It was done like this.

In this case, since the heat tube 22 is fixed to the stator core 14 of the traveling electric motor 2,
The expansion space 20 in each cylinder 15 is heated by the heat generation energy of the stator core 14 generated when the electric motor 2 operates.

Therefore, the Stirling engine 3 is
The stator core 14 of the traveling electric motor 2 is configured as a heat source portion, and the heat energy generated in the stator core 14 is used as an energy source.

Next, the operation of the electric vehicle will be described.

1 and 2, in this electric vehicle, by energizing the coil 13 of the traveling electric motor 2 from the battery 9 via the drive circuit 8, the rotor 12 and the drive shaft 2a of the traveling electric motor 2 are driven. It is rotationally driven, and at this time, the driving force of the electric motor 2 is transmitted from the drive shaft 2a to the drive wheels 6, 6 via the power transmission mechanism 4 and the differential gear mechanism 5, whereby the electric vehicle runs. Become.

In this case, the input energy from the battery 9 to the electric motor 2 for traveling is linearly increased as the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 increases, as shown by the solid line a in FIG. 3 (a). The lower the rotation speed, the larger the input energy.

In this case, the current supplied to the coil 13 of the traveling electric motor 2 decreases linearly as the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 increases, as shown by the solid line b in FIG. 3 (b). Therefore, the copper loss (heating energy) in the coil 13 is, for example, as shown by the solid line c in FIG.
It decreases in a curve as the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 increases,
The lower the rotation speed, the larger the copper loss. Then, the mechanical output energy of the traveling electric motor 2 is an amount obtained by subtracting the copper loss from the input energy, that is, FIG.
Is a portion surrounded by a solid line a and a solid line c. Therefore, the output energy of the traveling electric motor 2 changes parabolicly with respect to the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 as shown by the solid line d in FIG.

At this time, the output torque of the electric motor 2 for traveling is proportional to the energizing current of the coil 13, as shown by the solid line e in FIG. 3 (b), and decreases as the rotational speed of the electric motor 2 increases. To do.

At this time, the energy efficiency of the traveling electric motor 2 increases as the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 increases, as shown by the solid line f in FIG. 3 (b). Small energy efficiency.

On the other hand, when the traveling motor 2 is operated, the stator core 14 generates heat due to copper loss in the coil 13, and at this time, as described above, the Stirling engine 3 is driven by using the heat generation energy of the stator core 14 as an energy source. It

At this time, the driving force of the Stirling engine 3 is transmitted from the drive shaft 3a to the auxiliary machine 10, and the auxiliary machine 10 is driven thereby.

Therefore, the heat generation energy generated in the stator core 14 during the operation of the traveling electric motor 2 becomes an energy source of the Stirling engine 3, and a part of the input energy from the battery 9 to the traveling electric motor 2 is generated by the Stirling engine 3. It will be distributed to the auxiliary machine 10 via the.

In this case, since the copper loss in the coil 13 of the traveling electric motor 2 increases as the rotational speed decreases, the heat generation energy generated in the stator core 14 also increases. Therefore, the output energy of the Stirling engine 3 increases. For example, as indicated by a solid line g in FIG. 3A, the lower the rotation speed of the traveling electric motor 2, the larger the rotation speed.

Therefore, although a part of the input energy from the battery 9 to the traveling electric motor 2 is consumed as copper loss (heating energy) in the coil 13 of the traveling electric motor 2, in particular, the rotation of the traveling electric motor 2 occurs. In the low speed region, it is used as an energy source for the Stirling engine 3, and further used as an energy source for the auxiliary machine 10 via the Stirling engine 3.

Therefore, the total output energy of the combined power engine 1 including the traveling electric motor 2 and the Stirling engine 3 is the output of only the traveling electric motor 2 as shown by the broken line h in FIG. 3 (b). Compared with energy, it becomes large especially in a region where the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 is low, and
The overall energy efficiency of the combined power engine 1 is shown in FIG.
As indicated by the broken line i, the energy efficiency increases, especially in a region where the rotational speed of the electric motor 2 is low as compared with the energy efficiency of the electric motor 2 for traveling.

In this embodiment, if the auxiliary machine 10 is, for example, a generator, the battery 9 can be charged by the energy generated by the generator. A part of the input energy to the electric motor 2 can be recovered in the battery 9 via the Stirling engine 3 and the generator.

Next, an example of the second aspect of the electric vehicle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 4, this electric vehicle is provided with a composite power engine 1, a differential gear mechanism 5, drive wheels 6 and 6, a controller 7, a drive circuit 8 and a battery 9 having the same structure as that of the electric vehicle. Is.

In this case, the traveling electric motor 2 of the combined power engine 1 has its drive shaft 2a connected to the input side of a two-input one-output power transmission mechanism 25 composed of a known gear mechanism or the like, and its driving force. Is transmitted from the drive shaft 2a to the drive wheels 6 and 6 via the power transmission mechanism 25 and the differential gear mechanism 5.

Further, in this electric vehicle, forward and reverse movements are possible by rotating the electric motor 2 for traveling forward and backward.

On the other hand, the Stirling engine 3 of the combined power engine 1 has its drive shaft 3a connected in parallel to the traveling electric motor 2 to the input side of the power transmission mechanism 25 via a one-way clutch 26, in other words. The traveling electric motor 2 via the one-way clutch 26 and the power transmission mechanism 25
Is connected to the drive shaft 2a of the one-way clutch 26,
The power is transmitted to the drive wheels 6 and 6 via the power transmission mechanism 25 and the differential gear mechanism 5.

Therefore, in this electric vehicle, when the vehicle is moving forward, the vehicle is driven by both the driving force of the traveling electric motor 2 and the driving force of the Stirling engine 3.

In such an electric vehicle, output energy and energy efficiency of the electric motor 2 for traveling, and
The total output energy and energy efficiency of the combined power engine 1 including the electric motor 2 and the Stirling engine 3 are
As in the case of the electric vehicle described above, it becomes as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), and in particular, in the region where the rotation speed of the traveling electric motor 2 is low, as described above, compared to the case of only the traveling electric motor 2. As a result, the total output energy and energy efficiency are improved.

In this case, when the electric vehicle is moving forward, the driving force of the Stirling engine 3 which uses the heat energy of the stator core 14 (see FIG. 2) of the traveling electric motor 2 as the energy source is the same as the driving force of the traveling electric motor 2. In addition, since it is used for running the electric vehicle, the running performance is improved especially in a region where the rotation speed of the running electric motor 2 is low.

Therefore, the input energy from the battery 9 to the electric motor 2 for traveling is efficiently utilized for traveling of this electric vehicle.

Next, another example of the second aspect of the electric vehicle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 5, this electric vehicle has the same basic structure as the above-described electric vehicle, but the driving force of the Stirling engine 3 is the driving motor 2 regardless of whether the vehicle is moving forward or backward. It is configured to be transmitted to the drive wheels 6 and 6 together with the driving force of.

More specifically, this electric vehicle is a mechanism for transmitting the driving force of the traveling electric motor 2 and the driving force of the Stirling engine 3 to the differential gear mechanism 5, and in addition to the two-input one-output gear mechanism, the forward movement is performed. A power transmission mechanism 27 having separate gear mechanisms for reverse travel is provided, and the drive shaft 2a of the traveling electric motor 2 and the drive shaft 3a of the Stirling engine 3 are arranged in parallel on the input side of the power transmission mechanism 27. It is connected. The power transmission mechanism 27 is provided with a change lever 28 for switching between forward and reverse.

In such an electric vehicle, not only the drive shaft 3a of the Stirling engine 3 but also the drive shaft 2a of the traveling electric motor 2 is driven to rotate in the same direction during operation, and the change lever 28 is operated. Switching between forward and reverse is performed.

Therefore, in this electric vehicle, the traveling electric motor 2 is used regardless of whether the vehicle is moving forward or backward.
The vehicle travels by both the driving force of the driving force of the Stirling engine 3 and the driving force of the Stirling engine 3, and the input energy from the battery 9 to the electric motor 2 for traveling is efficiently used for traveling.

In this embodiment, the driving force of the Stirling engine 3 is directly input to the power transmission mechanism 27. However, for example, as shown in FIG. The driving force of No. 3 may be input to the power transmission mechanism 27.

In the above-described embodiment, the Stirling engine 3 is used as the heat engine that uses the heat energy of the stator core 14 of the electric motor 2 for traveling as an energy source. For example, a Rankine cycle engine, which is a kind of steam engine, is used. It is also possible to configure by.

[0055]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the driving force is generated by using the thermal energy constituted by the heat generating portion of the electric motor for traveling of the electric vehicle as the heat source portion. And a drive shaft of the heat engine is connected to an auxiliary machine, the heat engine is driven by the heat energy of the traveling electric motor, and the auxiliary machine is driven by the driving force of the heat engine. Thus, of the electric energy input to the electric motor for traveling from the battery of the electric vehicle, the energy that has been conventionally lost as heat generation energy of the electric motor for traveling is effectively used for driving the auxiliary machine via the heat engine. It can be utilized and energy efficiency can be improved.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the heat generating unit of the electric motor for traveling of the electric vehicle is provided as a heat source unit, and the heat energy is used as the energy source to generate the driving force. The drive shaft of the engine and the drive shaft of the traveling electric motor are connected, the heat engine is driven by the heat generation energy of the traveling electric motor, and the driving force of the heat engine and the driving force of the traveling electric motor are combined. Of the electric energy input from the battery or the like of the electric vehicle to the electric motor for traveling, the energy that has been conventionally lost as heat generation energy of the electric motor for traveling is transferred to the electric vehicle via the heat engine. It is possible to improve the energy efficiency of the electric vehicle by effectively utilizing it for driving, and to improve the running performance of the electric vehicle.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an example of a first aspect of an electric vehicle of the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of the electric vehicle,

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the electric vehicle,

FIG. 4 is a system configuration diagram of an example of a second aspect of the electric vehicle of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a system configuration diagram of another example of the second aspect of the electric vehicle of the present invention,

FIG. 6 is a system configuration diagram of another example of the second aspect of the electric vehicle of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... traveling electric motor, 2a ... drive shaft of traveling electric motor, 3 ...
Stirling engine (heat engine), 3a ... Stirling engine drive shaft, 10 ... Auxiliary equipment, 14 ... Stator core (heating part).

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An electric vehicle that is driven by a driving force of a running electric motor, wherein the driving force is generated by using thermal energy of a Stirling engine, a Rankine cycle engine, or the like in which a heat generating portion of the running electric motor is used as a heat source unit. An electric vehicle comprising a heat engine, wherein a drive shaft of the heat engine is connected to the auxiliary machine to drive an auxiliary machine such as a generator by the driving force of the heat engine. 2. In an electric vehicle that is driven by the driving force of a running electric motor, the driving force is generated by using thermal energy of a Stirling engine, a Rankine cycle engine, or the like in which a heat generating portion of the running electric motor is used as a heat source unit. A heat engine is provided, and the drive shaft of the heat engine and the drive shaft of the traveling electric motor are connected so that traveling can be performed by both the driving force of the heat engine and the driving force of the traveling electric motor. Electric car.