JPH0488619A - Electric double-layer capacitor - Google Patents

Electric double-layer capacitor

Info

Publication number
JPH0488619A
JPH0488619A JP20328890A JP20328890A JPH0488619A JP H0488619 A JPH0488619 A JP H0488619A JP 20328890 A JP20328890 A JP 20328890A JP 20328890 A JP20328890 A JP 20328890A JP H0488619 A JPH0488619 A JP H0488619A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polarizable electrode
electric double
layer capacitor
double layer
electrolyte
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP20328890A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2790529B2 (en
Inventor
Kiyoaki Imoto
井元 清明
Akihiko Yoshida
昭彦 吉田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP2203288A priority Critical patent/JP2790529B2/en
Priority to DE69128805T priority patent/DE69128805T2/en
Priority to EP91104570A priority patent/EP0449145B1/en
Priority to US07/676,175 priority patent/US5150283A/en
Publication of JPH0488619A publication Critical patent/JPH0488619A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2790529B2 publication Critical patent/JP2790529B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the title capacitor of high breakdown voltage and low internal resistance by a method wherein the capacitor is composed of polarizable electrodes, which are formed using polysaccharides and their derivatives as a binding agent and arranged through a separator, and an electrolyte. CONSTITUTION:Activated charcoal powder 6, a conductivity-giving agent 8 and carboxymethyl cellulose are dissolved into water, the dissolved material is applied on the aluminum foil which is roughened by a chemical etching method, and a polarizable electrode body 1 is formed. A pair of the polarizable electrode bodies 1 obtained as above are wound through the intermediary of a separator. The mixture obtained by dissolving tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate into propylene carbonate is used as an electrolyte, an aluminum lead 4, which is connected to the polarizable electrode 1 through the intermediary of a rubber packing 3, is led out and a housing is completed using an aluminum case 5 and a rubber packing 3. As a result, the distance between the activated charcoal powders in the polarizable electrode 1, in which activated charcoal and polysaccharides and their derivatives are used as a binding agent, becomes one-third or smaller of the conventional articles, the conductivity of the polarizable electrode is excellent and its resistance is small.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は活性炭を分極性電極に用いる電気二重層コンデ
ンサに関し とくにその組成に関すム従来の技術 電気二重層コンデンサは分極性電極として活性炭を用啄
 活性炭と電解液との界面電気二重層に蓄積される電気
二重層容量を利用した大容量コンデンサであa このよ
うな電気二重層コンデンサには従来大別して次の2種類
が存在すa すなわち硫酸水溶液のような水溶液系電解
液を用いたものと、プロピレンカーボネートのような有
機溶媒に電解質を添加した有機溶液系電解液を用いたも
のであム 第5匁 第6図G&  それぞれ両者の代表
例の構成を示すものであも 水溶液系電解液を用いたも
のは第5図に示すようく セパレータ10を介して、活
性炭粉末からなる分極性電極11が対向し 分極性電極
11に接続したアルミニウムリード12をゴムバッキン
グ13を介して導出し セパレータ10を介して捲回さ
れた2枚の分極性電極11はゴムバッキング13を介し
てアルミニウムケース14中に密封されていも活性炭粉
末からなる分極性電極11は活性炭粉末を濃硫酸水溶液
でベレット状に成型したもので硫酸水溶液はバインダの
役目もす&  −X  有機電解液系コンデンサは第6
図に示す構成を有すム活性炭粉末 弗素ポリマー、メチ
ルアルコールからなるペーストをアルミニウムネット上
に塗布し乾燥製膜した活性炭粉末からなる分極性電極2
1をセパレータ22を介して捲回すム これにプロピレ
ンカーボネートとテトラエチルアンモニウムバークロレ
ートとの混合溶液を含浸してハウジングすム 23は導
電電極 24は絶縁ゴムケースであa 第4図に従来の
電気二重層コンデンサの分極性電極の断面図を示も 第
4図において6bは活性炭、7bは結着剋 8bは導電
性付与剤であも 発明が解決しようとする課題 従来の二つの電解液系の電気二重層コンデンサにはそれ
ぞれ次のような特1(長所と短所)があa 水溶液系の
長所は電解液の電気抵抗が低く大電流負荷放電に適する
ことであり、短所は電解液の分解電圧に左右され コン
デンサの使用耐電圧が高々1.Ovまでしか得られない
ことであも 高電圧での使用の時は多くのコンデンサの
直列接続を余儀なくされ 長期の使用での信頼性の点で
問題があム 一方有機溶液系の長所は電解液の耐電圧が
高い(〜3V)ために水溶液系のものよりも高電圧使用
が可能であム 短所は コンデンサの内部抵抗が水溶液
系のそれと比較して5−10倍になり大電流負荷の用途
での使用は困難であったまた 大電流用途には電気二重
層コンデンサの単位容積光たりの容量をさらに上げるこ
とが望ましく5 本発明はこのような課題を解決するも
ので高耐電玉 低内部抵抗を有する電気二重層コンデン
サを提供することを目的とすa 課題を解決するための手段 この課題を解決するため本発明の電気二重層コンデンサ
(表 結着剤として多糖類およびその誘導体を用いた分
極性電極をセパレータを介して対向して配置したものと
電解液とから構成するものであム 作用 この構成により本発明の電気二重層コンデンサ(友 活
性炭と結着剤として多糖類およびその誘導体を用いた分
極性電場の分極性電極中での活性炭間の距離が従来品の
1/3以下であり分極性電極の導電性がよく抵抗が小さ
1+ち また集電体との電気接触性に優れていも さら
に同じ容積中への活性炭の充填量が多くなも 実施例 以下本発明の一実施例の電気二重層コンデンサについて
図面を基にして説明すも (実施例−1) 活性炭粉末(比表面積2000am”
/g)10 gと導電性付与剤2gとカルボキシメチル
セルロース2gを水t50mlに溶解し表面を化学エツ
チング法によって粗面化したアルミニウム箔(厚さ20
μm)上に塗布し分極性電極を作製すa 第1図におい
て、6は活性炭、7は結着剋 8は導電性付与剤を示し
 第2図に示す従来の電気二重層コンデンサの分極性電
極と比較して、分極性電極中での活性炭間の距離が1/
3以下になっていも 第2図に示すようへ 得られた分
極性電極体1の一対をセパレータ2を介して捲回すも 
電解液としてプロピレンカーボネイトにテトラエチルア
ンモニウムテトラフルオロボレイトを1 mol/1を
溶解したものを使用上 ゴムバッキング3を介して分極
性電極1に接続したアルミニウムリード4を導出して、
アルミニウムケース5、ゴムバッキング3でハウジング
を完成すムな耘 電解液としてプロピレンカーボネイト
にテトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレイトを
1 !001/1を溶解したものを使用した力丈 これ
に限定されるものではな!1〜 また 結着剤としてカ
ルボキシメチルセルロースを使用したがこれに限定され
るものではな11〜 また 活性炭として粉末を使用したがこれに限定される
ものではなl、% (実施例−2)活性炭粉末(比表面積2000cm”/
g)10gと水溶性キチン2gを水150m1に溶解し
表面を化学エツチング法によって粗面化シたアルミニウ
ム板上にベレット状に固形化すも 第3図に示すように
この活性炭ペレットからなる分橋性電1i1aをセパレ
ータ2aを介して対向して配置すム 電解液としてプロ
ピレンカーボネイトにテトラエチルアンモニウムテトラ
フルオロボレイトを1mol/lを溶解したものを使用
し 絶縁性樹脂9でハウジングを完成すも な耘 電解液としてプロピレンカーボネイトにテトラエ
チルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレイトを1 mol
ハを溶解したものを使用した力曳 これに限定されるも
のではな1.%  また 結着剤としてカルボキシメチ
ルセルロースを使用したがこれに限定されるものではな
(℃ ま1=  活性炭として粉末を使用したがこれに限定さ
れるものではなt〜 (実施例−3)実施例1と同じ構成で、導電性付与剤8
を除い九 (実施例−4)実施例2と同じ構成で、活性炭粉末の代
わりにフェノール樹脂系活性炭繊維のチョップ(繊維径
10μmで、平均チョップ長さ0゜05mm、  比表
面積2300 am”/g)を使用し九 発明の効果 以上の実施例の説明で明らかなように 本発明の電気二
重層コンデンサによれば有機電解液系の特徴である耐電
圧を高く保持しながら水溶液系電解液を用いた電気二重
層コンデンサと同等以上の内部抵抗(直流抵拡 インピ
ーダンス)と放電特性を得ることができ、インピーダン
スの周波数依存性が非常に小さくなり、その工業的価値
きわめて大なるものであも
[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor using activated carbon as a polarizable electrode. It is a large-capacity capacitor that utilizes the electric double layer capacitance accumulated in the electric double layer at the interface between the liquid and the electrolyte.A There are two types of electric double layer capacitors: One uses an aqueous electrolyte, and the other uses an organic solution electrolyte made by adding an electrolyte to an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate. For those using an aqueous electrolyte, as shown in FIG. Although the two polarizable electrodes 11 wound through the separator 10 are sealed in an aluminum case 14 via the rubber backing 13, the polarizable electrodes 11 made of activated carbon powder are The powder is formed into a pellet shape using a concentrated sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and the sulfuric acid aqueous solution also serves as a binder.
Mu activated carbon powder having the structure shown in the figure Polarizable electrode 2 made of activated carbon powder made by applying a paste made of fluoropolymer and methyl alcohol onto an aluminum net and drying it into a film.
1 is wound through a separator 22. This is impregnated with a mixed solution of propylene carbonate and tetraethylammonium barchlorate to form a housing. 23 is a conductive electrode. 24 is an insulating rubber case. A cross-sectional view of a polarizable electrode of a multilayer capacitor is shown. In Fig. 4, 6b is activated carbon, 7b is a binder, and 8b is a conductivity imparting agent. Problems to be Solved by the Invention Each double layer capacitor has the following characteristics 1 (advantages and disadvantages).a The advantage of an aqueous solution system is that the electrical resistance of the electrolyte is low and it is suitable for large current load discharge, and the disadvantage is that the decomposition voltage of the electrolyte is The working voltage of the capacitor is at most 1. Even though it can only be obtained up to Ov, when used at high voltage, it is necessary to connect many capacitors in series, which poses a problem in terms of reliability in long-term use.On the other hand, the advantage of organic solution system is that the electrolyte solution Because the capacitor has a high withstand voltage (~3V), it can be used at higher voltages than an aqueous solution type.The disadvantage is that the internal resistance of the capacitor is 5 to 10 times that of an aqueous solution type, making it suitable for use with large current loads. In addition, for large current applications, it is desirable to further increase the capacitance per unit volume of electric double layer capacitors.5 The present invention solves these problems by providing high electrical resistance and low internal resistance. An object of the present invention is to provide an electric double layer capacitor having the following characteristics:a Means for solving the problem In order to solve this problem, the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention It is composed of polar electrodes arranged opposite to each other with a separator interposed therebetween and an electrolyte.This structure allows the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention (with active carbon and polysaccharides and their derivatives as binders) to be used. The distance between the activated carbons in the polarizable electrode in the polarizable electric field is less than 1/3 that of conventional products, and the polarizable electrode has good conductivity and low resistance.It also has excellent electrical contact with the current collector. In addition, the amount of activated carbon packed into the same volume is large.Example The electric double layer capacitor of one embodiment of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings (Example-1). ”
Aluminum foil (thickness: 20 g), 2 g of conductivity imparting agent, and 2 g of carboxymethyl cellulose were dissolved in 50 ml of water and the surface was roughened by chemical etching.
In Fig. 1, 6 is activated carbon, 7 is a binder, and 8 is a conductivity imparting agent.A polarizable electrode of a conventional electric double layer capacitor is shown in Fig. 2. Compared to
3 or less, a pair of the obtained polarizable electrode bodies 1 is wound with a separator 2 in between as shown in FIG.
An electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving 1 mol/1 of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate was used.The aluminum lead 4 connected to the polarizable electrode 1 via the rubber backing 3 was led out.
The housing is completed with 5 aluminum cases and 3 rubber backings.Propylene carbonate and 11% tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate are used as electrolyte! Strength using a solution of 001/1.It is not limited to this! 1~ In addition, although carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a binder, it is not limited to this. 11~ Also, although powder was used as activated carbon, it is not limited to this l,% (Example-2) Activated carbon powder (Specific surface area 2000cm”/
g) 10 g of water-soluble chitin and 2 g of water-soluble chitin were dissolved in 150 ml of water and solidified into pellets on an aluminum plate whose surface was roughened by chemical etching. The electrodes 1i1a are placed facing each other with a separator 2a in between.The electrolytic solution is a solution of 1 mol/l of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate dissolved in propylene carbonate, and the housing is completed with an insulating resin 9. 1 mol of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate as a liquid
Power-pulling using a dissolved material 1. It is not limited to this. % In addition, although carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a binder, it is not limited to this (°C) = Powder was used as activated carbon, but it is not limited to this (Example-3) Example Same configuration as 1, conductivity imparting agent 8
9 (Example-4) Same configuration as Example 2 except that activated carbon powder was replaced with chopped phenolic resin activated carbon fibers (fiber diameter 10 μm, average chop length 0°05 mm, specific surface area 2300 am”/g) ) As is clear from the description of the above embodiments, the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention uses an aqueous electrolyte while maintaining a high withstand voltage, which is a characteristic of an organic electrolyte. It is possible to obtain internal resistance (DC resistance impedance) and discharge characteristics that are equal to or higher than those of conventional electric double layer capacitors, and the frequency dependence of impedance is extremely small.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の実施例1の電気二重層コンデンサに使
用されている分極性電極の断面医第2図は本発明の実施
例1および実施例3の電気二重層コンデンサの構成を一
部切り欠いて示す斜視医 第3図は本発明の実施例2および実施例4の電気二重層
コンデンサの構成を示す斜視文第4図は従来の電気二重
層コンデンサに使用している分極性電極の断面図 第5図は従来の水溶液電解液を用いた電気二重層コンデ
ンサの構成を一部切り欠いて示す斜視医第6図は従来の
有機溶液系電解液を用いた電気二重層コンデンサの構成
を示す斜視図であもl・・・・分極性電極 6・・・・
活性炭、 7・・・・結着剋 8・・・・導電性付与剤 代理人の氏名 弁理士 粟野重孝 はか1名第 図 !b ゛分!に+1i電1jL 第 図 繕 図
Figure 1 shows a cross section of a polarizable electrode used in the electric double layer capacitor of Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a part of the structure of the electric double layer capacitor of Example 1 and Example 3 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view showing the structure of electric double layer capacitors according to embodiments 2 and 4 of the present invention. FIG. A cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 shows the structure of an electric double layer capacitor using a conventional aqueous electrolyte, with a part cut away. FIG. 6 shows the structure of an electric double layer capacitor using a conventional organic electrolyte. In the perspective view shown, Polarizable electrode 6...
Activated carbon, 7... Binding 8... Conductivity imparting agent Name of agent Patent attorney Shigetaka Awano Figure 1! b ゛minute! To +1i electric 1jL diagram repair drawing

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)分極性電極が活性炭と結着剤として多糖類および
その誘導体のうち少なくとも一つ以上を含む電気二重層
コンデンサ。
(1) An electric double layer capacitor in which the polarizable electrode contains activated carbon and at least one of polysaccharides and derivatives thereof as a binder.
(2)多糖類、またはその誘導体が水溶性である請求項
1記載の電気二重層コンデンサ。
(2) The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide or its derivative is water-soluble.
(3)分極性電極が導電性付与剤を含む請求項1記載の
電気二重層コンデンサ。
(3) The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the polarizable electrode contains a conductivity imparting agent.
(4)活性炭が粉末状、繊維状、チョップ状、固形状の
いずれかひとつ以上である請求項1記載の電気二重層コ
ンデンサ。
(4) The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is in one or more of powdered, fibrous, chopped, and solid forms.
JP2203288A 1990-03-29 1990-07-31 Electric double layer capacitor Expired - Fee Related JP2790529B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2203288A JP2790529B2 (en) 1990-07-31 1990-07-31 Electric double layer capacitor
DE69128805T DE69128805T2 (en) 1990-03-29 1991-03-22 Electrolytic double layer capacitor and process for its manufacture
EP91104570A EP0449145B1 (en) 1990-03-29 1991-03-22 Electric double layer capacitor and method for producing the same
US07/676,175 US5150283A (en) 1990-03-29 1991-03-28 Electric double layer capacitor and method for producing the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2203288A JP2790529B2 (en) 1990-07-31 1990-07-31 Electric double layer capacitor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0488619A true JPH0488619A (en) 1992-03-23
JP2790529B2 JP2790529B2 (en) 1998-08-27

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Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2790529B2 (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997028547A1 (en) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Activated carbon electrode and process for producing the same
EP0863520A2 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 Koslow Technologies Corporation Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom
WO1998058397A1 (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electric double-layer capacitor and method for manufacturing the same
US6631074B2 (en) 2000-05-12 2003-10-07 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrochemical double layer capacitor having carbon powder electrodes
US6813139B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-11-02 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrochemical double layer capacitor having carbon powder electrodes
KR100476300B1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2005-03-15 한국과학기술원 Electrode of Electric Double Layer Capacitor
US7227737B2 (en) 2004-04-02 2007-06-05 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrode design
US7245478B2 (en) 2004-08-16 2007-07-17 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Enhanced breakdown voltage electrode
US7295423B1 (en) 2003-07-09 2007-11-13 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Dry particle based adhesive electrode and methods of making same
US7310219B2 (en) 2003-05-09 2007-12-18 Tdk Corporation Electrochemical capacitor
US7342770B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2008-03-11 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Recyclable dry particle based adhesive electrode and methods of making same
US7352558B2 (en) 2003-07-09 2008-04-01 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Dry particle based capacitor and methods of making same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0266918A (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electric double layer capacitor

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0266918A (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electric double layer capacitor

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997028547A1 (en) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Activated carbon electrode and process for producing the same
EP0863520A2 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 Koslow Technologies Corporation Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom
EP0863520A3 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-11-11 Koslow Technologies Corporation Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom
US6022436A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-02-08 Koslow Technologies Corporation Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom
EP0948005A4 (en) * 1997-06-16 2006-03-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electric double-layer capacitor and method for manufacturing the same
WO1998058397A1 (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electric double-layer capacitor and method for manufacturing the same
US6246568B1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-06-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electric double-layer capacitor and method for manufacturing the same
US6631074B2 (en) 2000-05-12 2003-10-07 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrochemical double layer capacitor having carbon powder electrodes
US6813139B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-11-02 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrochemical double layer capacitor having carbon powder electrodes
KR100476300B1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2005-03-15 한국과학기술원 Electrode of Electric Double Layer Capacitor
US7310219B2 (en) 2003-05-09 2007-12-18 Tdk Corporation Electrochemical capacitor
US7295423B1 (en) 2003-07-09 2007-11-13 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Dry particle based adhesive electrode and methods of making same
US7342770B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2008-03-11 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Recyclable dry particle based adhesive electrode and methods of making same
US7352558B2 (en) 2003-07-09 2008-04-01 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Dry particle based capacitor and methods of making same
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