JPH0479804A - Apparatus for producing peeled seed and production of peeled seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To keep the hardness of a rubber surface of rolls, smooth the crushing of embrittled seed coats by slippage of both rolls and efficiently obtain peeled seeds without any flaws on epidermises by blowing a dry gas and controlling rubber temperatures of the roll surfaces. CONSTITUTION:Seeds with coats are charged into a charging port 1 of a seed cooling part composed of a cooling cylinder 2 having the charging port 1 at one end, a pushing out end at the other end and jetting holes for liquid nitrogen in the inner surface and pushing plates 3 in the interior of the cooling cylinder 2. The liquid nitrogen is then jetted in the interior and the cooled seeds with the coats are pushed from the outlet 6 of the seed cooling part through cooled seed introduction part (B) to a seed coat pulverizing part composed of two rolls made of rubber with the pushing plates while keeping the temperature at -20 to -196 deg.C. The roll surfaces are heated to pulverize the seed coats with the rolls and the resultant seeds are separated into the seed coats, peeled seeds and the seeds with the coats. The unpulverized seeds with the coats are recycled to the charging port of the seed cooling part.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an apparatus and a manufacturing method for producing peeled seeds from coated seeds.

In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing peeled seeds suitable for efficient cultivation.

[Conventional technology] Traditionally, spinach and other seeds with seed coats have been cultivated by sowing them with the seed coat still attached, or by growing the sown seeds with coats uniformly over time and achieving a high germination rate. Growth, for example, is very important for producing good yields, especially in the case of spinach, which grows quickly.

For germination of coated seeds, it is first necessary to absorb water.

Hulled seeds are usually covered with a hard pericarp, and this pericarp absorbs water, followed by the embryo inside the pericarp. Therefore, the timing of germination of each seed is not constant, so for example, a variation of 2 to 3 days,
For plants with a harvest cycle of about a day, this becomes an important problem for cultivation efficiency.

In addition, conventionally, as a mechanical method for producing peeled seeds, harvested seeds are often peeled for consumption or oil extraction, as shown in a huller, etc., but as in the present invention,
Since peeling seeds are not mechanically peeled for use in cultivation, when peeling seeds using conventional peeling machines, some seeds may have minute scratches or scratches on their surface during peeling. Normally, there is no need for germination, so no problems arise.

However, when using peeled seeds with scratches for cultivation, if there are scratches on the seed surface, the seedlings will protrude from the scratch, which is commonly known as ativical germination, and this will be mixed with the germination that occurs from regular rooting. This disturbs the uniformity of germination.

The present inventors have developed a method for producing intact peeled seeds by first cooling the seeds to an extremely low temperature to freeze and embrittle the epidermis, and then crushing the epidermis between two rotating rolls. death,
As the material for this roll, we found that a roll with a hard rubber surface with moderate elasticity was the best material, and the hard rubber roll can crush the epidermis without damaging the peeled seed 90.
It was manufactured at a yield of about 1.5%.

However, the following inconvenience occurred during the production operation of the above-mentioned exfoliated seeds.

In other words, when a rotating rubber roll for crushing seed coats is continuously operated, the epidermis is often not crushed even when the seeds pass through the rubber roll immediately after the start of operation, but after a while, the seed coat is efficiently crushed and the epidermis is not damaged. Peeled seeds are now produced at a high yield.

However, as the operating time elapses, the seed coat is crushed, but the epidermis of the exfoliated seeds is damaged, resulting in a decrease in the yield of unblemished exfoliated seeds.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention aims to provide an apparatus for mechanically and efficiently producing intact peeled seeds that germinate uniformly even in long-term continuous operation, and an efficient method for producing the peeled seeds. This is the purpose.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors first started operation when obtaining peeled seeds by passing seeds cooled to an extremely low temperature between two rotating rubber rolls to crush the freeze-embrittle skin. Immediately after, peeling efficiency is poor,
After a while, the peeling efficiency increases and peeled seeds can be obtained smoothly, but as time passes, scratches appear on the epidermis of the peeled seeds, and the yield rate of peeled seeds without scratches decreases.We elucidated the mechanism behind this phenomenon. did.

The present inventors believe that this is because the surface of the rubber rolls was too soft at the start of operation, and when the seeds passed between the rolls, it was not possible to apply the force required to crush the brittle seed coats, resulting in the seed coats being crushed. Then, over time, the roll surface is cooled by the chilled seeds in contact with the roll, and the rubber becomes moderately hard, increasing the efficiency of crushing the brittle skin.

Additionally, over time, the roll surface cools down so much that it hardens and becomes more like a hard plastic than a rubbery surface, effectively narrowing the gap between the rolls and causing scratches on the surface of the exfoliated seeds. Based on this assumption, if we continue operation while controlling the surface temperature of the rotating rubber roll within a certain temperature range, we can ensure that the seeds are peeled off without damage over a long period of time. The present invention was completed after confirming that it could be obtained efficiently.

That is, the present invention consists of the following nine inventions.

1. A cooling cylinder having a charging port at one end, an extrusion port at the other end, and a liquefied gas ejection hole on the inner surface, a seed cooling section disposed inside the cooling cylinder, and a cooling section of the cooling section. In a dehulled seed production device whose outlet is connected to a seed coat crushing unit via a cooled seed introduction unit, the seed coat crushing unit crushes the seed coat by sandwiching the cooled seeds with seed coats between two rotating rolls made of rubber surfaces. What is claimed is: 1. A dehulled seed manufacturing device comprising a mechanism and a mechanism for heating the roll surface.

2. The peeled seed manufacturing device according to item 1, wherein the roll surface heating mechanism is a nozzle that sprays dry gas onto the roll surface.

3. The peeled seed manufacturing device according to item 2, wherein the liquefied gas is liquid nitrogen.

4. The peeled seed manufacturing device according to items 2 and 3, wherein the drying gas is recovered liquefied scum for cooling used in the seed cooling section.

5. The linear velocity of one roll surface is 1. O1~
1 to 4 characterized by being 1.15 times:! The peeled seed manufacturing device described in J.

6 The rubber surface of the roll is chloroprene rubber 1 to 5
The peeled seed manufacturing device described in Section 1.

7. A seed cooling unit consisting of a cooling cylinder having an inlet at one end, an extrusion port at the other end, and equipped with liquid nitrogen jetting holes on the inner surface, and an extrusion plate disposed inside the cooling cylinder. Seeds with skin are charged into the charging port of the cooling section, and liquid nitrogen is injected inside to maintain the temperature at -20 to -196°C, while the cooled seeds with skin are cooled from the outlet of the seed cooling section using an extrusion plate. The seed coat is extruded through the seed introduction section and into the seed coat crushing section consisting of two rubber rolls, and the surface of the rolls is heated to control the temperature of the rubber roll surface. After the seed coat is crushed by the rolls, the seed coat and peeled seeds are and a method for producing peeled seeds, which comprises separating the peeled seeds into peeled seeds, and recycling the uncrushed peeled seeds to a charging port of a seed cooling section.

8. The method for producing peeled seeds according to item 7, wherein the roll surface is heated by spraying dry gas onto the roll surface from a dry gas injection nozzle.

9 The linear velocity of one roll surface is 1.01- of the linear velocity of the other.
9. The method for producing peeled seeds according to items 7 and 8, characterized in that the amount is 1.15 times.

The structure and operation of the apparatus and manufacturing method of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings of embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to this example.

As shown in the explanatory schematic diagram of FIG. 1, the apparatus of this embodiment includes a seed cooling section A1, a cooling seed introducing section B, a seed coat crushing section C1, an air sorting section D for removing the seed coat, and a sieve sorting section E for separating peeled seeds. and recycling passageway F.

The seed coat embrittlement section A consists of a hopper at a charging port 1, a cooling cylinder 2, a spiral extrusion plate 3 whose rotation axis is in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder, a liquid nitrogen pipe 4, and an outlet 6.

The cooling tube 2 (FIG. 2) is a horizontally long tube, and can be a cylinder or a rectangular tube.

The periphery of the cooling cylinder 2 is covered with a heat insulating material to improve cooling efficiency.

The cooling cylinder 2 is equipped with a spiral extrusion plate 3 around a rotating shaft 5 located approximately in the center thereof, and an end 7 of the rotating shaft 5 is connected to a motor (not shown). It can be rotated.

A liquid nitrogen pipe 4 is attached to the upper surface of the cooling cylinder 2, and liquid nitrogen is ejected in the form of a spray from a number of holes formed in the liquid nitrogen pipe 4. The liquid nitrogen tube 4 is connected to the liquid nitrogen cylinder 1.
6. Inside the cooling cylinder 2 is a liquid nitrogen pipe 4.
It is cooled by the vaporization of liquid nitrogen spewed out from the tank. The cooling temperature can be adjusted from 0 to -1 by adjusting the liquid nitrogen jet amount.
The desired temperature can be adjusted up to 96°C.

In the production method of the present invention, the temperature of the cooling tube 2 is preferably as low as possible, but from an efficiency standpoint, it is selected according to the properties of the seed coat, and the temperature at the outlet of the cooling tube is -20 to -19.
6°C1 Preferably, -40 to -180°C, particularly preferably -60 to -130°C can be adopted.

In addition to liquid nitrogen, the liquefied gas used in the present invention includes liquid oxygen,
Gases that liquefy at low temperatures, such as liquid carbon dioxide and liquid air, can be used.

When seeds with skins are charged into the charging port 1 of the cooling cylinder 2 which has been cooled to a constant temperature, the seeds with skins are cooled while moving toward the outlet 6 by the spiral extrusion plate 3.

This cooling causes the seed coat to freeze and become brittle.

The seeds with the brittle seed coat enter the inlet B through the outlet 6 and fall onto the two inclined guide plates 8 and 9 above the rolls.

Due to the slit formed between the tip of the guide plate 8 and the surface of the guide plate 9, the seeds that have fallen onto the guide plate are uniformly distributed on the roll.

The surface of the roll is made of chloroprene rubber.

The use of such rubber rolls significantly improves the yield of peeled seeds without surface flaws.

Rubbers other than chloroprene rubber that can be used in the present invention include
Polybutadiene, Nlicon rubber, NBR.

It is possible to use a processed rubber molded product made from a compound having an appropriate hardness, such as 5BR1 natural rubber.

In this embodiment, since the tip of the guide plate 9 is located to the right of the gap between the two rolls, the falling seeds fall only on the right roll surface, which allows the seeds to be distributed evenly between the rolls. It is fed and sandwiched between seed coats or rolls to crush the seed coats.

In this example, as the operation continues, the roll is cooled to a low temperature, for example, below -40°C, by the cooling seed,
At this temperature, the chloroprene rubber hardens and the roll surface loses its elasticity, increasing the number of scratched and peeled seeds.

Therefore, sometimes the roll is cooled to about -20°C.
A dry gas, for example, dry nitrogen, is blown from a nozzle 20.21 installed toward the roll, and the temperature of the roll is controlled so as not to fall below 120°C.

As the dry nitrogen used here, nitrogen used for cooling the cooling cylinder 2 can be recovered and stored at room temperature.

When this dry nitrogen is sprayed, the temperature of the roll surface may rise to, for example, 0° C. or higher in some cases, and the roll rubber becomes too soft to crush the seed coat.

Therefore, when blowing dry nitrogen, the roll surface temperature is lower than 2.
In the case of a chloroprene rubber roll, it is desirable to control the temperature between 0 and θ°C.

In the present invention, the dry gas used for heating the rolls is not particularly limited, and for example, in addition to dry nitrogen, dry air contained in a compressed cylinder, dry carbon dioxide gas, etc. may be heated to above room temperature and blown onto the dry gas. be able to.

In this example, during the process of the seeds moving from the introduction section B to the seed coat crushing section C, the outside air is surrounded by a panel, and cold nitrogen gas is entrained outside in a state overflowing, so that the cold air is released from inside. Since it is slightly overflowing, moisture and heat from the outside do not enter the inside.

Therefore, if the roll is not heated by the dry nitrogen nozzle 20, 21, the roll is cooled to about -60°C by the cooled seeds and vaporized nitrogen.

When the temperature of chloroprene rubber reaches -60°C, it completely loses its rubber elasticity, and the distance between the rolls becomes substantially narrower than the size of the peeled seeds, making the surface of the peeled seeds more likely to be scratched.

The present invention is characterized in that the surface of the roll is heated to maintain the surface temperature within an appropriate temperature range.

For example, dry nitrogen can be injected from a nozzle onto the roll to prevent the roll surface temperature from dropping excessively and to maintain the rubber elasticity of the roll at an appropriate hardness.

The temperature control by the dry nitrogen nozzles 20 and 21 is desirably carried out by intermittently injecting nitrogen, by increasing or decreasing the injection flow rate, or by changing the angle of the injection direction to divert the injection from the roll.

In this case, it is preferable to prevent the dry gas from directly hitting the cooled seeds before they pass through the rolls.For example, it is preferable to direct the nozzle to the opposite side of the two rolls where the seeds are rolled up. It is desirable to do so.

In addition to blowing dry gas, various methods can be used to heat the roll surface in the present invention.

For example, instead of using the nozzle, infrared irradiation, heating by a heater inside the roll, or flowing temperature-controlled antifreeze or oil into the roll can be selected. In the case of these heating methods, heating can be performed intermittently or by continuous control that adjusts the amount of heat.

The temperature of the roll surface can be measured without touching the roll surface using a radiation thermometer, and by automatically operating the various heating methods described above in conjunction with this temperature, the roll surface can be kept at a constant temperature. Can be maintained within range.

The roll surface temperature range to be controlled varies depending on the type of rubber, seed type, roll dimensions, etc., or it is determined by trial and error using the yield rate of peeled seeds and the incidence of damaged and peeled seeds as guidelines. can do.

This cooled seed can be kept dry and cooled until the seed passes through the crushing process, especially without the use of an insulated tube and a completely sealed system in the introduction and crushing sections.

The introduction of humidity makes the subsequent wind sorting process difficult.

The present invention is characterized in that by directly blowing liquefied gas into a narrow cooling cylinder, it is possible to omit the need for troublesome heat insulation equipment and complete moisture-blocking equipment for the introduction section and the crushing section.

In this way, by the action of the slits between the guide plates 8 and 9, the brittle seed coat seeds can be made to fall evenly onto the rolls, and by shifting the tip of the guide plate 9, the seeds can be dropped evenly onto the rolls. falls on only one roll surface. This allows the seeds to fall more uniformly onto the roll surface, and the rolls compress and crush each seed, reducing scratches on the surface of the peeled seeds.

In the present invention, the seed coat is compressed and crushed between two rolls, so the size of the gap between the two rolls through which the cooled seeds pass is important. That is, if the gap is too large, the seed coat will not be crushed, but if the gap is too narrow, the yield of peeled seeds without damage will decrease.

This interval is adjusted depending on the hardness of the rubber of the roll, the size of the seeds to be processed, the hardness and thickness of the skin, etc., but is primarily selected according to the size of the seeds to be processed, and is Normally, the particle size should be narrower than the average particle size and larger than the average particle size of peeled seeds, but if the roll surface has some elasticity, such as with hard rubber, the elastic modulus of the rubber surface and the peeled seed size should be adjusted. To improve the removal rate of seed coats and the yield of intact peeled seeds by selecting, by trial and error, the interval between the rolls in close contact with each other and the average particle diameter of seeds with seed coats, depending on the size. I can do it.

If this interval is too large, the seed coat will not be destroyed, resulting in a decrease in the production rate of peeled seeds, and if the interval is too narrow, the surface of the peeled seeds will be damaged.

The diameter and length of the roll 10 are determined by the production volume, but for example, if the roll is about 1 kg, the length is 7.5 cm, the diameter is 15 cm.
A size of about cm can be used.

The rotation speed of the roll in the present invention is not particularly limited, but
100-2000 rpm, preferably 1000-15
00 rpm can be used.

By changing the linear speed of the two roll surfaces, the seed coat can be effectively destroyed by the shearing force of the rolls.

As a method of changing the linear speed of both roll surfaces, either a method of increasing the rotation speed of one roll or a method of increasing the diameter of one roll while keeping the rotation speed the same can be adopted.

In order to facilitate the crushing of the seed coat due to this displacement, it is necessary that the surfaces of both rolls have some degree of softness and frictional force.

Without the dry nitrogen nozzle of the present invention, the surface of the rubber nozzle would become hard, effectively narrowing the gap between the rolls, and the frictional force would disappear, causing the seed coat to deteriorate due to the difference in the rotational speed of both rolls. There is less crushing, and the method relies only on forced crushing due to mere roll compression, resulting in a lower yield of unblemished peeled seeds.

By spraying dry nitrogen from the nozzle, the elasticity or frictional force on the roll surface is increased, and the brittle seed coat can be destroyed with a relatively wide gap between the rolls, so no damage is caused to the surface of the peeled seed. .

This deviation is 1.01 if expressed as a ratio of the linear velocity of the roll surface.
-1.15 is suitable.

If the deviation becomes too large, damage to the seed surface will increase.

The roll of this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is made of hard rubber, but may be made of chloroprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, silicone rubber, natural rubber, or SBR.

Although NBR, EPDM, etc. can be used, it is particularly desirable to use a material that hardens to a low degree at low temperatures.

In the seed coat crushing section C of this embodiment, a rubber band 12 is pasted as a cushioning material on the surface of the seed coat crusher C that passes through the rolls and comes into contact with the seeds. This makes it possible to avoid scratches on the surface of the peeled seeds that fly off the roll at high speed.

The seeds that came out of the process of crushing section C in this example were peeled seeds,
Seeds with seed coat and skin.

This can be introduced into the wind sorting section and the wind can be blown to blow away and remove only the seed coat.

Then, it is passed through a sieve 14 in a sieve sorting section E,
The peeled seeds are separated and taken out from the take-out port 15, and the peeled seeds are recycled through the passage F to the feed port 1 of the embrittlement section.

There are no particular restrictions on the seeds to which the production apparatus and production method of the present invention can be applied, as long as they are seeds with skins. Examples include carrots, lettuce, green onions, parsley, and beans.

More specifically, the manufacturing method according to this example will be explained with reference to the drawings of the example.

The inside is a rectangular prism-shaped cooling cylinder installed horizontally,
Two liquid nitrogen tubes with a length of 110 cm and a length and width of 25 cm, with numerous small holes drilled on both sides of the ceiling, were installed in parallel horizontally, and the rotation axis was placed approximately on the center line of the tube. Liquid nitrogen is supplied to a cooling cylinder of the type shown in Fig. 1 at a rate of 8009/min, and the temperature inside the cooling cylinder is, for example, -120°.
Maintain at C.

For an apparatus of this size, for example, 300 to 1000 coated spinach seeds can be loaded into the feed port 1.
It can be fed at a feeding speed of about 9/min.

The extrusion plate 3 is rotated at a speed of 50 revolutions per minute to pass the skinned spinach seeds through the cooling cylinder 2, during which the seed coat is cooled and becomes brittle.

The spinach seeds leaving the cooling cylinder remain in a closed system due to the guiding part B and fall onto the rolls under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

Two slanted guide plates are provided on the way the seeds fall, and the seeds that fall there have a uniform thickness as they pass between the tip of the right guide plate 8 and the slope of the left guide plate 9. The position of the tip of the guide plate 9 is adjusted so that the seeds fall only onto the right roll.

The crushing section C is housed in a container surrounded by two rotating rolls or a panel that blocks outside air.The left roll is 15 cm in diameter and 7.5 cm long, and the right roll is The roll has a diameter of 15.2 cm and a length of 7.5 cm.

The material of the roll surface can be, for example, chloroprene rubber mixed with a filler or the like to have a rubber hardness of about 60°; hard rubber can be used, and both ends of the rotating rolls are constructed on the roll surface. The shield prevents the cooled coated seeds from spilling from the ends of the roll.

Below both roll surfaces, four nozzles are provided in parallel substantially perpendicular to each roll surface.

The average particle size of the spinach seeds with skin used was 2.5 m.
m, average particle size of the same peeled seeds 2. Omm, the interval between the two rolls was set to 2.1 mm.

After the seed coats have been crushed, the seed coats are blown away using a wind sorter, and the peeled seeds are sorted out using a sieve for removal.

Seeds with seed coats that are not crushed are recycled to the feed port l through the recycling passageway F.

The temperature of the roll surface can be measured using a radiation thermometer, and when the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the injection amount is reduced, and when it is lower, the injection amount is increased to adjust the roll temperature.

[Effects of the Invention] Since the peeled seeds obtained by the production method of the present invention have no damage, they germinate well and can be cultivated efficiently.

In addition, since the seeds are treated at low temperatures, the seeds are stimulated to the inside, activating the embryo and speeding up germination.

By controlling the temperature of the rubber on the roll surface by spraying the drying gas of the present invention, the hardness of the rubber surface of the roll can be maintained at a constant level of softness, and the brittle seed coat can be smoothly crushed due to the force of the misalignment between the two rolls. It is possible to produce exfoliated seeds with no damage to the epidermis with high efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a flow sheet of an embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the seed cooling section of the present invention. The symbols in the figure are: A: Seed coat embrittlement section, B: Introduction section, C: Seed coat crushing section, D: Seed coat removal section, E: Peeled seed separation section, F: Recycling passage, 1: Feeding port, 2: Cooling Cylinder, 3: Spiral extrusion plate, 4: Liquid nitrogen injection pipe, 5: Spiral extrusion plate rotating shaft, 6
: Exit, 7; Rotating shaft external terminal, 8, 9; Guide plate, 10,
11; Rotating roll, 12: Buffer sheet, 13: Wind sorter, 14; Sieve, 15: Peeling seed outlet, 16;
Liquid nitrogen cylinder, 20.21: Dry gas spray is a nozzle.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cooling cylinder having an inlet at one end, an extrusion port at the other end, and a liquefied gas ejection hole on the inner surface, and a seed cooling device disposed inside the cooling cylinder. In a dehulled seed production device, the seed coat crushing section cools the seeds with the seed coat between two rotating rolls having rubber surfaces, and the seed coat crushing section is connected to the seed coat crushing section through the cooling seed introduction section and the outlet of the cooling section is connected to the seed coat crushing section. What is claimed is: 1. A dehulled seed manufacturing device comprising a mechanism for crushing the seed coat by sandwiching the seed coat, and a mechanism for heating the roll surface. 2. The peeled seed manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the roll surface heating mechanism is a nozzle that sprays dry gas onto the roll surface. 3. The peeled seed manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the liquefied gas is liquid nitrogen. 4. The dehulled seed manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the drying gas is recovered liquefied cooling gas used in the seed cooling section. 5 The linear velocity of one roll surface is 1.01 of the linear velocity of the other.
The peeled seed manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the peeled seed manufacturing device is 1.15 times as large. 6. The peeled seed manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rubber surface of the roll is chloroprene rubber. 7 Seed cooling unit consisting of a cooling cylinder having an inlet at one end, an extrusion port at the other end, and a liquid nitrogen injection hole on the inner surface, and an extrusion plate disposed inside the cooling cylinder. The cooled seeds with skin are charged into the charging port of the seed cooling section, and while the temperature is maintained at -20 to -196°C by spraying liquid nitrogen inside, the cooled seeds with skin are transferred from the exit of the seed cooling section using the extrusion plate. The seed coat is extruded through the introduction section into a seed coat crushing section consisting of two rubber rolls, and the seed coat is crushed by the rolls while heating the roll surface and controlling the temperature of the rubber roll surface. A method for producing peeled seeds, which comprises separating the peeled seeds into peeled seeds and recycling the uncrushed peeled seeds into a seed cooling section. 8. Claim 7, wherein the roll surface is heated by spraying dry gas onto the roll surface from a dry gas injection nozzle.
The method for producing the described peeled seeds. 9 The linear velocity of one roll surface is 1.01 of the linear velocity of the other.
9. The method for producing peeled seeds according to claim 7, wherein the peeled seed is 1.15 times larger.