JPH047401B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] When a train runs at high speed while snow is falling on the track, which is the running route of the train, it is affected by the induced wind. This causes snow to blow up and stick to equipment installed under the floor of the vehicle and around the truck.
The amount of snow that adheres to the train gradually grows depending on the amount of snowfall on the tracks, the temperature, the speed of the train, the distance traveled in snowy areas, etc., and eventually becomes an icy snowpack. Sometimes. The snow that adheres to the vehicle melts from the interface between the frozen exterior of the vehicle and the snow due to the vehicle's heat generation, vibrations while driving, warm air from passing through a long tunnel, or reaching a warm region where snow does not fall. The snow flakes off and falls in chunks, exerting an impact force on the track surface that is proportional to the mass of the snowpack and the train speed. On the other hand, in most railway track structures, a crushed stone bed is laid on top of an earthen or concrete roadbed to hold the sleepers and rails, so if falling snow hits the trackbed directly instead of on the rails or sleepers. They fly off crushed stones and impact the car bodies and equipment along the railway line, causing various damage. This invention rationally prevents snow adhering to a railway vehicle from directly hitting sand and stones on the roadbed even if it flakes off and falls while the train is running, and therefore prevents the damage caused by flying crushed stones and other objects. It is concerned with methods and techniques to prevent this from happening.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Conventional methods for preventing crushed stones from scattering due to falling snow include placing rubber mats, concrete plates, or
A cover is placed using a net made of wire or rope, and the cover and sleepers are connected to each other using rope or metal bands, and then fixed anchors are buried at regular intervals. A method is used in which the coverings are strongly roped to withstand the impact of falling snowpack, and at the same time prevent the coverings from moving from the installed position due to the influence of the train running wind.

However, in the maintenance and management of railway tracks, if the track condition worsens due to the progression of track deviations due to an increase in transportation volume, and the riding comfort becomes poor due to increased oscillation, it is necessary to Repairs are carried out by inserting a Tytamper's crushed stone compacting rod-like tool from the trackbed filling part and pushing crushed stone into the underside of the sleepers, adjusting the height and track of the rail surface. For this reason, the above-mentioned rubber mats, concrete plates, net-like coverings, etc. interfere with such work, so
The current situation is that the efficiency of track repair work is significantly hampered because the complicated work of removing it and reinstalling it after the track repair work is completed is inevitably added.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks and provides a simple method that is highly effective in preventing flying stones caused by falling snow.

First, the preconditions of the present invention are described as follows.

(1) Assuming the trajectory of snow adhering to the car body falling off while driving and reaching the ground, the falling snow falls within a longitudinal section in the direction of travel determined by the initial velocity vector equal to the driving speed and the gravitational acceleration vector. Draw a limited parabola.

(2) Even if snow adhering to the vehicle body detaches and falls while the vehicle is running, the impact force of the falling snow is extremely weak when the snow mass is small or when the vehicle is traveling at low speed even if it is large.
Crushed stones will not scatter and cause any problems.

(3) The spacing between sleepers and the dimension from the underside of the car body to the crushed stone surface are almost constant.

(4) The running speed of the train is v (m/sec), the height from the bottom of the car body to the crushed stone surface is y (m), the release angle of falling snow is θ, the horizontal flight distance of falling snow is x (m), and gravity. If the acceleration is g and air resistance is omitted, the relationship between the horizontal flying distance x (m) of falling snow and the initial height y (m) of falling snow is: It is determined by

Also, the angle α at which the falling snow enters the surface of the crushed stone is is required.

From the above, the shape of a parabola drawn by a snow mass that has fallen away from a running train can be easily calculated approximately. Therefore, on the top surface of the sleepers, which are laid at approximately regular intervals, convex stone-flying prevention plates of a certain height are placed in an area corresponding to the width of the car body.
If they are installed continuously, falling snow that leaves the train will always hit the stone-flying prevention plate, and if the falling snow is ice-like in nature, it will break into smaller pieces, significantly reducing its flight speed and falling onto crushed stones, or In the process of repeatedly colliding with the stone-flying prevention board several times, the size and flight speed of the falling snow decrease each time, and when it eventually loses speed and falls onto crushed stones, it can be rendered harmless. In addition, if the snow falls and becomes snow-like,
Due to the viscosity of the snow, the part that collides with the stone-flying prevention plate will be scraped off and stick to the snow, and the remaining part will fly towards the next stone-flying prevention plate with a reduced flying speed, but in this case too, the stone will not fly. Since the size and speed of the falling snow are reduced each time it collides with the prevention plate, when it eventually falls on the surface of the crushed stones, the impact force that would scatter the crushed stones can be eliminated.

Therefore, the distance between each sleeper is b (m), and the height of the stone-flying prevention board installed on the top of each sleeper is h (m).
Then, from equations (1) and (2) above, the height of the stone-flying prevention plate can be approximately determined by h=b・tanα...(3).

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 4 relate to claim 1 and show a part of a normal track in which rails 2, 2' are attached to each sleeper 1 by rail fastening devices 3, 3'. In particular, the stone flying prevention plate 4 of the present invention,
Figure 1 is a plan view, Figure 2 is a front view, and Figure 3 is the same as Figure 1. 2 is a side view with the rail fastening devices 3, 3' omitted, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the portion indicated by AA in FIG. 2. Normal crushed stone surface 5 is 2
The shape of the crushed stone surface 6, which is represented by a dashed dotted line and in which the normal crushed stone surface 5 in the area between the rails 2 and 2' is lowered by the height of the stone-flying prevention plates 4 and 4', is the same as that shown in Figure 1 except for Fig. 1. It is shown by three-dot chain lines in FIGS. 2 to 4. The shapes of the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, when installed on the sleeper 1, do not interfere with the tensioning work of the rail fastening devices 3, 3', and It has a width corresponding to the width of the car body outside the track, and is made of a flat steel plate, with cuts 8,
8' and bent at right angles, and provided mounting holes on this surface to form mounting parts 9 and 9', and installed embedded bolts 1 by drilling holes at both ends of the sleeper 1 outside the gauge.
0 and 10' through cushioning rubber plates 11 and 11' to prevent the transmission of vibrations from the sleepers, insert a spring washer (not shown), and then tighten the nut 1.
2, 12' to the sleeper 1. In the case of newly manufactured sleepers, this installation method may be performed by providing an embedded plug and fixing it with screws. Depth of cut 8,
The lower vertical surfaces 13, 13' on both outer sides of 8' are usually buried to a depth below the crushed stone surface 5 and approximately within the height of the sleeper 1. Further, the upper sides of the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' are bent at right angles over their entire length in the direction opposite to the bending direction of the mounting portions 9, 9' in order to increase rigidity. The reason why this bending direction was made in the opposite direction was to consider the workability when attaching it to the sleeper 1, and it may be in the same direction as the attachment parts 9 and 9'. As long as a member that can maintain sufficient rigidity is used even without the provision of , the operation and effect will not change in any way. Connecting rod mounting seats 14, 14' are provided on the outside of the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4', and connecting rods 15, 1
5' and a plurality of stone-flying prevention plates 4, which are fixed with screws and buried in the longitudinal direction of the track to absorb the impact force caused by falling snow.
4' are designed to be received together.

Next, the structure shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 (rails, rail fastening devices, and about the right half of the sleepers are omitted) will be described for Example 2. This method is
This relates to claim 2, and includes stone flying prevention plates 4, 4' and embedded bolts 10, 1 in embodiment 1.
Instead of the installation method using
Instead of inserting crushed stone between the left and right rails, a trapezoidal barrier 21 made of a material such as synthetic fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or hard plastic is glued to the top surface of the sleeper 1, and then a metal It is fixed using a band 22. Figure 5 is a plan view, Figure 6 is a front view, and Figure 7 is a front view.
The figure is a side view, and FIG. 8 shows a cross section taken along line BB in FIG. 6. Figures 5, 6 and 7
The L-shaped barrier plate 16 shown in the figure has a length equivalent to the width of the vehicle body including the right side portion (not shown) when attached to the upper surface 7 of the end portion of the sleeper 1, and the end portion on the rail side is The upper part of the outer frame 17 made of a steel plate is formed into a vertical parallel part 18, which is made of scalene angle steel formed to have a width that does not interfere with the tightening and unraveling of the fastening device, and is formed to have an outer circumferential shape that is approximately the same as the outer circumference of the end of the sleeper 1. Then, a hole is made in this part that passes through the vertical surface of the L-shaped barrier plate 16, and a fastener 19 is screwed through the hole, and an implant fastener 20 provided on the upper surface of the outer frame 17 is inserted.
It is fixed through the prepared hole provided in the horizontal surface of the L-shaped barrier plate 16 to be mated. Also, sleepers 1
A trapezoidal barrier 21 made of synthetic resin is installed in the center of the trapezoidal wall 21 and is attached with adhesive and fixed with a metal band 22.
The structure is such that it is fitted into mounting grooves 23 provided at key points and tightened to prevent movement due to vibration. Further, the trapezoidal protrusion 25 made of synthetic plastic installed in the center of the sleeper 1 can be made into an inverted T-shaped protrusion 26 having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. The stone flying prevention plates 4, 4' made of steel and the L-shaped barrier plate 16 may be made of synthetic plastic, and their arrangement is such that they have trapezoidal protrusions 25 or inverted T-shaped protrusions 2 on the upper surfaces 7, 7' of the sleeper ends.
It is also possible to replace it with 6.

Examples 1 and 2 described above are buffering methods for preventing crushed stones from being scattered due to the falling impact of snow-covered vehicles on existing railway lines in snow-covered areas, but they also relate to concrete sleepers to be used in new construction sites in snow-covered areas. Regarding Example 3, based on the conventional concrete sleeper prototype (see Figs. 1 to 8), the plan view in Fig. 10, the front view in Fig. 11, the side view in Fig. 12, and the C- As shown in FIG. 13 shown in the C cross section and the D-D cross section, a sleeper 1 excluding the conventional sleeper rail and the mounting seats 24, 24' of the rail fastening device (in FIG. 11 and FIG. By providing a trapezoidal protrusion 25 on the upper surface (the original form of the sleeper is shown by a two-dot chain line), and extending it to a length corresponding to the width of the vehicle body if necessary, the same structure as in Examples 1 and 2 can be obtained. A buffering effect can be achieved.

Since the method for preventing flying stones caused by falling snow on vehicles according to the present invention has the above-described configurations of Embodiments 1, 2, and 3, the snow attached to the lower part of the car body of a train traveling at a predetermined speed or higher is peeled off. Even if you fall in a parabola, there are stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' and inner watermarks 6 installed on the top of the sleepers with a width equivalent to the width of the car body.
It will inevitably hit the upper part of the sleeper, the L-shaped barrier plate 16, the trapezoidal barrier 21, the inverted T-shaped protrusion 26, etc.

In the case of the configuration of Embodiment 1, the crushed stone surface 6 (indicated by the three-dot chain line in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4) between the left and right rails is lowered by lowering the crushed stone surface 5. , this produces the same effect as making the upper surface of the sleeper relatively high. Furthermore, since this watermark 6 is only the surface layer of crushed stone between the left and right rails 2 and 2', the supporting force for holding the sleepers 1 changes only slightly and has little effect on the running of the train. In addition, if falling snow collides with the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' installed on the end upper surfaces 7, 7' of the sleeper 1, the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4'' The buffer rubber plates 11, 1 interposed between
1', the elasticity of the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' themselves, and the vertical lower portions 13, 13' of the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' were embedded below the crushed stone surface 5 and approximately within the height of the sleeper 1. In addition, the connecting rod mounting seats 14, 14' provided on the outside of the stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' are fixed to the connecting rods 15, 15', and the front and rear stone-flying prevention plates 4, 4' are are continuously interconnected, so
The impact force is transmitted, and through the synergistic effect of sharing and absorbing effects, it becomes possible to absorb the impact force of falling snow, or to crush it and significantly reduce the flight speed.

Regarding the configuration of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, both the L-shaped barrier plate 16 and the trapezoidal barrier 21 have a structure that is attached to the sleeper 1, and the L-shaped barrier 16 has a structure that is attached to the outer frame 1.
7, the trapezoidal barrier 21 is bonded and further firmly fixed with the metal band 22, and has sufficient rigidity in terms of material and structure.
It is possible to reduce the mass of fallen snow by sufficiently catching falling snow, or by crushing it to reduce flight speed. In addition, the third embodiment has the same concept as the second embodiment, and in a conventional concrete sleeper, a trapezoidal protrusion 25 is formed on the upper surface of the sleeper 1 excluding the mounting seat surface 24 of the rail and rail fastening device. Since these are provided in a length corresponding to the width of the vehicle body, by continuously laying them, it is possible to achieve the same effect as in Examples 1 and 2.

As mentioned above, what can be said in common to Examples 1, 2, and 3 is that the strength of the sleepers themselves is that the highly rigid left and right rails are fixed by fastening devices, and that the front and rear rails are fixed by the trackbed crushed stones. Since it is embedded and compacted in both the left and right directions, it has a structure that can withstand large train loads, and there is no problem with the impact force of falling snow. In addition, in Examples 1 and 2, the reason why the structure used between the left and right rails is the hollow watermark 6, or the trapezoidal barrier 21 or inverted T-shaped protrusion 26 made of organic material or synthetic rubber material is that This signal uses the left and right rails to send electrical signals, and when using metal flying stone prevention plates 4, 4' or L-shaped barrier plates 16 for use on tracks in snowy areas. This is because an electrically insulating structure must be incorporated.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Embodiments 1, 2, and 3 are installed only within the width of the upper surface of the sleeper excluding the rail and rail fastening device portion, and only in the portion corresponding to the width of the vehicle body, so repair work such as compaction of crushed stone related to the track is carried out. Not to mention, it does not cause any problems in other railway-related maintenance work, and once it is installed or laid, it permanently reduces the impact of falling snow on vehicles and prevents the scattering of crushed stones. It becomes possible to exhibit the effect of preventing.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 13 show examples of the present invention, and Figures 1 to 4 show Example 1 installed on sleepers of an existing track laid on crushed stone. Figure 1 is a plan view, Figure 2 is a front view, Figure 3 is a side view, and Figure 4 is A in Figure 2.
- It is a sectional view showing part A. Figures 5 to 8 show Example 2 of the existing sleepers with about half of the right side omitted.
Fig. 5 is a plan view, Fig. 6 is a front view, Fig. 7 is a side view, and Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 6. , No. 9
The figure is a sectional view of an inverted T-shaped protrusion 26 obtained by modifying the trapezoidal protrusion 25. Figures 10 to 13 relate to concrete sleepers used for newly constructed tracks in snowy areas; Figure 10 is a plan view, and Figure 11 is a
The figure is a front view, FIG. 12 is a side view, and FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing sections CC and D-D in FIG. 10. In addition, the numbers shown in the above diagram are 1... sleepers,
2, 2'...rail, 3,3'...rail fastening device,
4, 4'...Stone stone prevention plate, 5...Normal crushed stone surface, 6...
Medium crushed stone surface, 7, 7'...end upper surface, 8,
8'...notch, 9,9'...mounting part, 10,10'...
Embedded bolt, 11, 11'...Buffer rubber plate, 12,
12'...Nut, 13,13'...Vertical surface lower part, 1
4, 14'... Connecting rod mounting seat, 15, 15'... Connecting rod, 16... L-shaped barrier plate, 17... Outer frame, 18... Vertical parallel part, 19... Fastener, 20... Implanted fastener, 2
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Trapezoidal barrier, 22... Metal band, 23... Mounting groove, 24, 24'... Mounting seat surface, 25... Trapezoidal protrusion,
26...Inverted T-shaped protrusion, 27...Prototype of conventional sleepers.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Outside the rails of the existing sleeper, on the upper surface of both ends of the rail fastening device excluding the mounting seat portion, a convex barrier plate made of a flat steel plate is provided in an area having a width corresponding to the width of the vehicle body. Forms a flying stone prevention board,
A mounting seat is provided by bending the part corresponding to the upper surface of the end of the sleeper outside the rail gauge at right angles, and screws it into the embedded bolt installed at both ends of the sleeper via a buffer rubber plate to prevent transmission of sleeper vibration. , the lower part of the outer vertical surface is buried below the track bed surface to a depth approximately within the height of the sleepers, mounting seats are provided on the outermost left and right sides, and stone flying prevention plates attached to the front and rear sleepers are connected to each other using connecting rods. A plurality of stone-flying prevention plates buried in the trackbed in the longitudinal direction of the track collectively receive the impact force caused by falling snow, and stone-flying prevention plates are installed at both ends to block crushed stones between the left and right rails. A method for preventing flying stones caused by falling snow on railway vehicles, which is characterized by removing stones from the upper surface of the sleepers by the height above the sleepers and lowering them to form a watermark. 2. A stepping stone that is made of steel, synthetic resin, or organic material such as synthetic rubber and forms a protrusion with a width equivalent to the width of the vehicle body on a part or the entire length of the upper surface of the existing sleeper, excluding the rail and rail fastening device attachment parts. A method for preventing flying stones caused by falling snow on railway vehicles, which is characterized by continuously laying prevention plates fixed using metal bands, embedded bolts, adhesives, etc. 3 The width of the existing concrete sleeper is made to be as long as the width of the car body, and the upper surface of the rail and rail fastening device, excluding the seating surface, is raised with a trapezoidal convexity, and the sleeper concerned is continuously installed. A method to prevent flying stones caused by falling snow on railway vehicles.