JPH0467064A - Electrifying member - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow the stable supply of high-grade images by providing a resin layer contg. a crown ether on a conductive elastic layer. CONSTITUTION:The basic form of this member is to adopt the three-layered constitution consisting in providing the conductive elastic layer 2 on a conductive base 1 and providing the resin layer 3 contg.the crown ether on the elastic layer 2. The crown ether which has 3 to 8 oxygen atoms constituting a ring is preferably usable. The high-grade images free from the inversion fogging by the nonuniformity of electrostatic charge and the generation of image defects by the discharge dialectric breakdown of the photosensitive body are stably supplied in this way.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a charging member, and particularly to a charging member used for primary charging, transfer charging, and static elimination charging in electrophotography.

[Prior Art] The charging process in an electrophotographic process using an electrophotographic photoreceptor has conventionally applied a high voltage (DC5) to a metal wire.
~8 kV) is applied, and charging is performed by the generated corona. However, with this method, when corona occurs, corona products such as ozone and NOx alter the surface of the photoreceptor, causing image blurring and deterioration, and dirt on the wires affects image quality, resulting in white spots and black lines in the image. There were other problems. On the other hand, in terms of electric power, the current flowing toward the photoreceptor is
The amount was only ~30%, and most of it flowed to the shield plate, making it ineffective as a charging means.

In order to compensate for these deficiencies and divination, many methods of direct charging have been researched and proposed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 57178267, No. 104351/1983, No. 58/4
0566, JP-A-58-139156, JP-A-58-150975, etc.) However, in reality, even if the photoreceptor is charged by the contact zone W method as described above, the surface of the photoreceptor remains Each part is not uniformly charged, resulting in spotty uneven charging. For example, in the reversal development method, even if a process below photoimage exposure is applied to a photoreceptor with spotty charging unevenness, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness; In contrast to the unevenness, the image becomes a speckled white dot image, making it impossible to obtain a high-quality image.

Further, although there are many proposals for the direct charging method, there is no market experience at all. The reason for this is the uniformity of charging,
Examples of such problems include the occurrence of discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor due to direct voltage application. For example, in the case of a cylindrical photoreceptor, one breakdown point due to discharge dielectric breakdown has the disadvantage that the entire charge in the axial direction flows to the breakdown point and is no longer charged.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to prevent this dielectric breakdown, a method of forming a resin layer on the surface has also been reported (JP-A-1-205180, JP-A-1-211779).

However, these materials also have large fluctuations in resistance at low temperatures and low humidity, and their charging properties are unstable, and when used in contact with an organic photoreceptor, the resins on the surfaces of the organic photoreceptor and the charging member may interact with each other. It had defects such as melting and sticking.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a charging FfJ that can solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and stably supply high-quality images without spot fog caused by non-uniform charging or image defects caused by discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor. The goal is to provide parts.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention is a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, characterized by having a resin layer containing crown ether on the conductive elastic layer. This is a charging member.

Since the charging member of the present invention has a crown ether-containing resin layer on the conductive elastic layer, it is less likely to cause spotting due to non-uniform charging and image defects due to discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor. It is possible to stably supply high-quality images.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

As shown in FIG. 1, the charging member of the present invention has a conductive elastic layer 2 provided on a conductive support la, and a resin layer 3 containing crown ether further provided on the elastic layer 2. The basic form is a three-layer structure.

In the present invention, as the crown ether, those having 3 to 8 oxygen atoms constituting the ring can be preferably used,
Examples of crown ethers include the following compounds.

Benzo 9 Crown 3 Ether 12 Crown 4 Ether Berhydrobenzo 18 Crown 6 Ether Tetrabenzo 24 Crown 8 Ether 18 Clausi 6 Ether Benzo 18 Crown 6 Ether Tribenz 18 Crown 6 Etherno/V Noso 24 Crown 8 Ethersik σ Hekigano 24 Crown 81- Teno F21 Crown 7 Teter 15 Crown 5-
The resin layer of the present invention contains a crown ether, and if necessary, resins commonly used in this type of resin layer can be used in combination. Examples of such resins include thermosetting resins such as thermoplastic resins such as polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide, polystyrene, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyacrylate, and polyvinyl chloride, and photocurable resins. These resins are 10% by weight based on the total resin.
The following are preferred.

Furthermore, a binder resin may be added to the resin layer. However, the amount of binder resin added is preferably 30% by weight or less based on the total resin. As the binder resin in the resin layer, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinylphtyral, polyvinylacecool, polyalide, polycarbonate,
Examples include phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinylpyridine.

Conventional charging members had surfaces made of rubber or polyurethane, so if they came into contact with an electrophotographic photoreceptor, the photoreceptor and charging member would stick together, or if the surface was hard, wrinkles would occur. This caused image defects.

On the other hand, the charging member having a resin layer containing crown ether of the present invention has low adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor and is flexible, so it provides high-quality images and has little toner staining. Even under low temperature and low humidity conditions, the resin layer exhibits little variation in volume resistivity and can be used as a stable charging member.

The thickness of the resin layer is 5 to 500 um, especially 20 to 200 um.
A range of is preferred.

As the elastic layer 2, metals such as aluminum, iron, and copper, conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, and rubber or plastic elastomer treated to be conductive by dispersing carbon, metal, etc., or the surface of rubber or plastic elastomer may be used. A laminate coated with metal or other conductive material can be used.

Moreover, this elastic layer 2 may have a multilayer structure with separate functions as required. As the conductive support 1a,
Iron, copper, stainless steel, etc. can be used.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a protective layer 4 may be provided on the surface of the charging member to protect the charging member. This protective layer is formed of a resin layer, and insoluble resin powder 5 may be mixed therein to control the conductivity and the surface roughness of the charging member.

In the case of a blade-shaped charging member as shown in FIG. 3, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on the conductive sheet metal 1b, and a layer 3 is further provided.

Further, a protective layer may be provided.

The charging member may have any shape such as a roller shape or a blade shape, but a roller shape is preferable in terms of uniform charging.

Electrophotographic photoreceptors basically have a structure in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support. As the conductive support, materials that are conductive themselves such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, chromium, titanium, etc. can be used. In addition, aluminum, aluminum alloy, indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, etc. can be used. The conductive support or plastic has a layer formed by vacuum deposition, a support in which plastic or paper is impregnated with conductive particles (e.g. carbon black, tin oxide particles, etc.) together with a suitable binder, or a conductive binder. Plastic or the like can be used.

A subbing layer having barrier and adhesive functions can also be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.

The subbing layer can be formed from casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably 5 iLtn or less, preferably 0.5 to 3 um. In order for the undercoat layer to perform its function, it is desirable that the undercoat layer has a resistance of 10 7 Ω·cm or more.

The photosensitive layer is formed, for example, by coating a photoconductor such as an organic photoconductor, amorphous silicon, selenium, etc. together with a binder if necessary, or by vacuum deposition. Furthermore, when using an organic photoconductor, a photosensitive layer consisting of a combination of a charge generation layer that generates charge carriers upon exposure to light and a charge transport layer that has the ability to transport the generated charge carriers can also be effectively used.

The charge generating layer may be formed by depositing one or more charge generating materials such as azo pigments, quinone pigments, quinone anine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridine pigments, or by depositing a suitable material. It can be dispersed with a binder (or without a binder) and formed by coating.

The binder can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins or organic photoconductive polymers. For example, insulating resins include polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, Examples include casein and polyvinyl alcohol. Examples of organic photoconductive polymers include carbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and vinylpyrene.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is 0. O1-15um, preferably 0
05 to 5 um, and the weight ratio of the charge generation layer to the binder is 10:1 to 1:2o.

The solvent used in the paint for the charge generation layer is selected based on the solubility and dispersion stability of the resin and charge transport material used, and examples of organic solvents include alcohols, sulfoxides, ethers, esters, and aliphatic halogenated solvents. Hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds can be used.

Coating can be performed using a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a Mayer bar coating method, or a blade coating method.

The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving a charge transport material in a film-forming resin. Examples of organic charge transport materials used in the present invention include hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds,
Examples include thiazole compounds and triarylmethane compounds. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Used for charge transport layer! i! Examples of adhesives include phenoxy resin, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyamide, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyester, and alkyd. Examples include resins, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and copolymers containing two or more repeating units of these resins, such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-acrylonite copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, and the like. It can also be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and polyvinylpyrene.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 50 um, preferably 8 to 20 um.
um, and the weight ratio of charge transport material and binder is 5:l
-1.5, preferably 3.1-1; 3 degrees. The coating method described above can be used for coating.

Furthermore, dyes, pigments, organic charge transport substances, etc.
A protective layer may be provided as necessary, since it is sensitive to ultraviolet rays, ozone, oil stains, and metals. In order to form an electrostatic latent image on this protective layer, the surface resistivity must be 1.
It is desirable that the resistance is 0.01Ω or more.

The protective layer of the photoreceptor is made of polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin,
Formed by dissolving a resin such as nylon, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, etc. in an appropriate organic solvent onto the photosensitive layer and drying it. can. At this time, the thickness of the protective layer is generally in the range of 0.05 to 20 μm.

This protective layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like.

The charging member of the present invention can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging member 6, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. .

The primary charging member 6 placed in contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor 12 is applied with an external voltage (for example, 200 μm or more
A pulsating current voltage (which is a superimposition of a DC voltage of V or less and an AC voltage of a peak-to-peak voltage of 4000 V or less) is applied to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
2, the surface of the document is charged, and the image on the document is image-exposed onto the photoreceptor by the image exposure means 7 to form an electrostatic latent image. Next, by attaching the developer in the developing means 8 to the photoreceptor, the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor is developed (visualized), and the developer on the photoreceptor is transferred to a corona charger for transfer charging. 9 transfers the developer onto a transfer member 13 such as paper, and a cleaning means 10 collects the developer remaining on the photoreceptor without being transferred to the paper during transfer.

Images can be formed by such an electrophotographic process, but if residual charges remain on the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor is exposed to light by the pre-exposure means 11 to remove the residual charges before primary charging. It is better to eliminate static electricity.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for transfer charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a charging member 15 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. There is.

A voltage (for example, a DC voltage of 400 to 100 D
V) can be applied to transfer the developer on the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a transfer member such as paper.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for static elimination charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, and a cleaning means 10 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12.

A voltage (for example, an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 500 to 500
2000V) can be applied to eliminate the charge on the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

By applying the charging member of the present invention to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductor, which easily deteriorates in terms of mechanical strength and chemical stability, its characteristics can be clearly exhibited. can do.

In the present invention, the method for installing the charging member in contact with the photoreceptor is not limited to a specific method.
Any method of movement such as rotation in the same direction as the photoreceptor or in the opposite direction can be used. Furthermore, it is also possible to cause the charging member to function as a developer cleaning device on the photoreceptor.

Regarding the voltage applied to the charging member and the application method in the direct charging of the present invention, it may depend on the specifications of each electrophotographic device, or there may be a method for instantly applying a desired voltage or a method for protecting the photoreceptor. A method of increasing the applied voltage step by step, in the form of adding alternating current to direct current (if El] is applied, it becomes direct current)
A method can be adopted in which voltages are applied in the order of AC or AC i'M-DC.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for primary charging of an electrophotographic device, it is necessary to superimpose a DC voltage and an AC voltage on the electrophotographic photoreceptor in the image output area.

When primary charging is applied only with DC voltage, uniform charging cannot be achieved. When used for transfer charging, a DC voltage alone or a DC voltage and an AC voltage may be superimposed. When used for static elimination charging, it is necessary to apply only an alternating current voltage.

Further, in the present invention, processes such as image exposure, development, and cleaning can be performed using any method known in the field of electrostatic photography, and are not limited to a specific type of developer. .

The charging member of the present invention can be used not only in copying machines but also in electrophotographic applications such as laser printers, CRT printers, electrophotographic plate-making systems, and facsimile machines that have a receiving means for receiving images and reports from remote terminals. be able to.

[Example] The present invention will be explained below using examples.

Example 1 As a conductive support, 60φ×260 with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm
A mm aluminum cylinder was prepared.

Copolymerized nylon (product name: CM8000, manufactured by Toshi ■)
Part 4 and Type 8 nylon [Product name Niratsukamite 5
003, manufactured by Dainippon Ink ■) 4 parts with 50 parts of methanol,
The solution was dissolved in 50 parts of n-butanol and applied onto the above support by dip coating to form a 0.6 um thick undercoat layer.

10 parts of a disazo pigment with the following structural formula, and polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name 2 Eslec B)
10 parts of M2 (manufactured by Sekisui Kaji ■), 12 parts of cyclohexanone
It was dispersed for 10 hours in a sand mill with 0 parts. 30 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the dispersion and coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.15 urn.

10 parts of polycarbonate Z resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a weight Ikoma molecular weight of 120,000 was prepared and dissolved in 80 parts of monochlorobenzene together with 10 parts of a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula. This was coated on the charge generation layer to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 16 parts, and electrophotographic photoreceptor No. 1 was manufactured.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
The weight part was melted and kneaded, and a diameter of 8 mm was prepared at the center as a conductive support.
φ20 x 240 through the stainless steel shaft of x 26 mm
+nm, and a conductive elastic layer of a roller-shaped parasitic member was provided.

The volume resistance of the conductive elastic layer of this charging member is determined at a temperature of 22
℃, 3 x 10'Ω・cm when measured in an environment with a temperature of 60%
It is.

Next, 4 parts by weight of dibenzo 18 crown 6-teru and 4 parts by weight of nylon resin (manufactured by Toshi ■, CM-8000) were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the mixture was poured onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by dip coating and providing a resin layer with a thickness of 200 um after drying. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

This charging member is connected to a regular image type copying machine PC as shown in Fig. 3.
It is installed in place of the -20 (manufactured by Canon) corona charger, and is rotated in accordance with the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Potential measurements and images of dark potential and bright potential of the body were examined.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Further, potential characteristics and images when the charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under low temperature and low humidity conditions of 15° C. and 10% humidity were similarly investigated and are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 4 parts by weight of benzo 9 crown 3 and polyvinyl alcohol [manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo ■, Poval B-24]
4 parts by weight was dissolved in 41 parts by weight of methanol and applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 2.
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer with a thickness of 00 um.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 4 parts by weight of 24 Crown 8-Tel and 6 parts by weight of nylon resin (manufactured by Toshi ■, CM-800014) were added to 6 parts by weight of methanol.
0 parts by weight, dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and provided a resin layer with a thickness of 200 μm after drying,
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of 12 Crown 4-Tel and 5 parts by weight of nylon resin (manufactured by Toshi ■, CM-80015) were added to 40 parts by weight of methanol.
Dissolved in parts by weight, dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and provided a resin layer with a thickness of 2001 Lm after drying,
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 10 parts by weight of nylon 6-66-10-12 and 4 parts by weight of nylon resin (manufactured by Toshi ■, CM-8000) were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by dip coating and providing a resin layer with a thickness of 200 μm after drying.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 610 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon and 4 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 41 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the resin had a film thickness of 200 gm. A layer was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 4 parts by weight of polyester polyurethane and 4 parts by weight of nylon
Part by weight was dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 200.
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing a um resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of silicone rubber and 5 parts by weight of nylon resin (manufactured by Toshi ■, CM-8000) were dissolved in 40 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member and dried. A resin layer having a thickness of 200 am was then provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 4 As can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2, and 3.4 with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the present invention can prevent image defects such as wavy fog caused by hardening of the resin layer at low temperature and low humidity. .

Furthermore, as can be seen by comparing Examples 1.2 and 3.4 with Comparative Examples 3 and 4, it is possible to prevent the charging member from fusing with the photoreceptor and to suppress the occurrence of horizontal streak images.

Example 5 Below, the characteristics as a transfer charger were investigated.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber was melted and kneaded with 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon, and a stainless steel shaft of 8 mm in diameter x 260 mm was passed through the center and formed into a shape of 30 mm in diameter x 240 mm. Layers were set up.

The volume resistance of this transfer charging member was determined at a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60°C.
% environment, it is 4 x 10'Ω・cm.

Next, 4 parts by weight of dibenzo 18 crown 6-ester and 4 parts by weight of nylon resin were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 1100 LL. A resin layer was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

This transfer charging member was installed in place of the transfer corona charger of a normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and a direct current of -500 cm was applied for transfer charging, and the state of the image and the transfer charging member was examined. .

The results are shown in Table 2.

Further, the image and the state of the transfer charging member when the transfer charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and 10% humidity were investigated and are shown in Table 2.

Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 4 parts by weight of benzocrown 3-chityl and 4 parts by weight of bobbinyl alcohol were dissolved in 41 parts by weight of methanol,
A resin layer having a thickness of 100u+n after drying was provided by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 4 parts by weight of 24 Crown 8-Tel and 4 parts by weight of nylon resin were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 10%.
A 0+im resin layer was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of 12 Crown 4-Tel and 5 parts by weight of nylon resin were dissolved in 40 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member to give a film thickness of 1100 tL after drying. A resin layer was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, nylon-6-66-10-1210 parts by weight and nylon resin (manufactured by Toshi ■, CM-800014 parts by weight) were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dipped onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. After coating and drying, a resin layer having a film thickness of 1100 μm was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 610 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon and 4 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 41 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film had a thickness of 1100 μm. A resin layer was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 4 parts by weight of polyester polyurethane and 4 parts by weight of nylon were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 11 parts by weight.
A resin layer of 00 μm was provided, and a roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of silicon and nylon resin (manufactured by Toshi ■, C
Parts by weight of M-800015 were dissolved in 40 parts by weight of methanol and applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 100 μm was provided to form a roller-shaped transfer charging member. Manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Examples 5, 6, and 7.8 and Comparative Example 5.6, the present invention can maintain high image quality without causing a decrease in density or wavy fog even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 5.6 and 7.8 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, in the present invention, the transfer charging member does not fuse with the photoconductor, nor does it fuse with the toner, so defects may occur in the photoconductor or charging member. Can be used without generation.

Example 9 Below, we investigated its characteristics as a static eliminator.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight part and place it on a 2mm x 260mm stainless steel plate with a free length of 10mm x 240mm as shown in Figure 3.
mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a blade-shaped charging member was provided. When the volume resistivity of this static electricity removal charging member is measured in an environment of temperature 22°C and humidity 60%, it is 4 x 10'.
It is Ωcm.

Next, 4 parts by weight of dibenzo 18 crown 6-ester and 4 parts by weight of nylon were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, a film thickness of 1100 LL was obtained. A resin layer was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

This charge-eliminating member was installed in place of the pre-exposure charge eliminator of the normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 1000 V was applied for charge removal, and the residual potential after charge removal, the image, and the charge removal charge were applied. The condition of the parts used was examined.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Further, the image and the state of the static eliminating charging member when the static eliminating charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and humidity 10% were examined and are shown in Table 3.

Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 4 parts by weight of benzo9crown-3 and 4 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 41 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, the film thickness was 100 μm. A blade-shaped static eliminator charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 4 parts by weight of 24 Crown 8-Tel and 4 parts by weight of nylon resin were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, the film had a thickness of 1100 LL. A resin layer was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Example 12 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 5 parts by weight of 12 Crown 4-Tel and 5 parts by weight of nylon resin were dissolved in 40 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the static elimination/charging member, and after drying, a film thickness of 100 μm was obtained. A resin layer was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

The static elimination/charging member was used as it was without providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 610 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon and 4 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 41 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, the resin had a film thickness of 100 μm. A blade-shaped static elimination charging member was manufactured by providing a layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 4 parts by weight of polyester polyurethane and 4 parts by weight of nylon
Part by weight was dissolved in 60 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, the film thickness was 1.
A resin layer of 100 μm was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 12 Static electricity was removed by pre-exposure without using the charging member for charge removal of the present invention, and this was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9, and the results are shown in Table 3.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 9, 10, 11.12 and Comparative Example 9.11, the present invention prevents fusion between the charging member and the photoreceptor and prevents the occurrence of image defects in the form of horizontal stripes. .

Moreover, as can be seen by comparing Examples 9, 10, 11.12 and Comparative Example 10, stable static elimination performance was exhibited even under low temperature and low humidity, and the material of the present invention can suppress image defects.

In Comparative Example 12, the static elimination performance of the conventional pre-exposure type static elimination was low, and residual potential was likely to remain at low temperature and low humidity, causing soil burr defects.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the charging member of the present invention, high-quality images can be stably provided without occurrence of reverse fog due to non-uniform charging or image defects due to discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 are sectional views in the central axis direction of a roller-shaped charging member, Figure 3 is a sectional view of a blade-shaped charging member, and Figures 4, 5, and 6 are cross-sectional views of an electrophotographic device. It is a diagram. 1a: Conductive support 1b: Conductive sheet metal 2 = conductive elastic layer 3. Resin layer 4: Protective layer 5: Resin powder 6: Charging member 7: Image exposing means 8: Developing means 9: Transfer charging corona Charger lO: Cleaning means] 1. Pre-exposure means 12: Corona charger 15 for primary charging of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 14. Charging member for transfer charging 16: Charging member for static elimination charging.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, the charging member comprising a resin layer containing crown ether on the conductive elastic layer. (2) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the charging member contacts an electrophotographic photoreceptor to charge the photoreceptor. (3) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is primarily charged by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage as applied voltages. (4) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the developer is transferred from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to the transfer member by using a DC voltage as the applied voltage or by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage. (5) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is neutralized using an alternating current voltage as the applied voltage.