JPH046369B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH046369B2 JPH046369B2 JP57025894A JP2589482A JPH046369B2 JP H046369 B2 JPH046369 B2 JP H046369B2 JP 57025894 A JP57025894 A JP 57025894A JP 2589482 A JP2589482 A JP 2589482A JP H046369 B2 JPH046369 B2 JP H046369B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrical equipment
- medical
- medical electrical
- grounding
- power supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
商用電源を用いる医用電気機器は、電撃防止の
手段として、一般に医用電気機器の筐体を接地し
て使用されている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Medical electrical equipment that uses a commercial power source is generally used with its casing grounded as a means of preventing electric shock.
この方法による場合に、医用電気機器に絶縁破
壊などが生じたとき、患者あるいは操作者が受け
る電撃の等価回路を第１図で表すことができる。 When this method is used, an equivalent circuit of an electric shock received by a patient or an operator when dielectric breakdown or the like occurs in medical electrical equipment can be shown in FIG. 1.
第１図の等価回路で、電撃防止を行うには、医
用電気機器の接地漏れ電流I1及び人体への分流I2
の電流を少なくすることで、理想的には、配電系
統の第２種接地抵抗R1の値を無限大にするか、
医用電気機器側の接地抵抗R2の値を0Ωとするか、
人体と大地間の抵抗R3の値を無限大にするか、
または医用電気機器の電源部と金属筐体の絶縁抵
抗及び浮遊静電容量に基づく絶縁インピーダンス
Ｚの値を無限大とすれば、電撃防止を完全なもの
とすることができる。しかしいずれも実施するこ
とは、極めて困難である。 In the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 1, in order to prevent electric shock, the ground leakage current I 1 of medical electrical equipment and the shunt current I 2 to the human body must be
Ideally, by reducing the current of
Set the value of grounding resistance R2 on the medical electrical equipment side to 0Ω, or
Make the value of the resistance R 3 between the human body and the earth infinite, or
Alternatively, if the value of the insulation impedance Z based on the insulation resistance and stray capacitance of the power supply section and the metal casing of the medical electrical equipment is made infinite, electric shock prevention can be completely achieved. However, it is extremely difficult to implement either method.
第１図で人が医用電気機器の接地端子２に接続
された金属筐体に触れた場合、人体への分流電流
AI2の限界値は、一般に人体に電流が流れて危険
のない限界電流値として、マクロシヨツクで
100μA、ミクロシヨツク10μAとされている。 In Figure 1, if a person touches the metal casing connected to the ground terminal 2 of the medical electrical equipment, a shunt current will flow to the human body.
The AI 2 limit value is generally the limit current value that can flow through the human body without causing any danger, and is used in macro shocks.
It is said to be 100μA, microshock 10μA.
第１図で使用中の負荷となる医用電気機器の絶
縁インピーダンスＺが破壊し大きなI1が流れれ
ば、医用電気機器の接地系の抵抗R2の両端に生
じる電圧はこの電流との積となり、従つて人体へ
の分流電流I2の値も大きくなり危険な場合も生じ
得る。 In Figure 1, if the insulation impedance Z of the medical electrical equipment that is the load in use breaks down and a large I 1 flows, the voltage generated across the resistance R 2 of the grounding system of the medical electrical equipment will be the product of this current. Therefore, the value of the shunt current I 2 to the human body also increases, which may lead to a dangerous situation.
このように医用電気機器を接地して使用するだ
けでは、ミクロシヨツクやマクロシヨツクを完全
に防止することはできない。 Merely grounding and using medical electrical equipment in this way cannot completely prevent microshocks and macroshocks.
この発明は、使用中の医用電気機器が万一地絡
故障などを生じても人体への分流電流I2を危険の
ない限界値以下にすることができ、患者や医用電
気機器の操作者を電撃から保護することができる
医用電源装置である。 This invention makes it possible to reduce the shunt current I 2 to the human body below a dangerous limit even if a ground fault occurs in the medical electrical equipment in use, thereby protecting the patient and the operator of the medical electrical equipment. It is a medical power supply device that can be protected from electric shock.
この発明の実施例を第２図に基づいて説明する
と、巻線比が一対一で絶縁トランスの絶縁を二重
絶縁又は強化絶縁した極めて接地漏れ電流の少な
い絶縁トランス６の二次側巻線のいずれか一方の
極と絶縁トランスを用いた医用安全電源装置に設
けた接地端子４及び接地極付コンセントの接地極
との間に保護抵抗器５を接続する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be explained based on FIG. 2. The secondary winding of the isolation transformer 6 has a winding ratio of 1 to 1, double insulation or reinforced insulation, and has extremely low ground leakage current. A protective resistor 5 is connected between one of the poles and a grounding terminal 4 provided on a medical safety power supply device using an insulating transformer and a grounding terminal of an outlet with a grounding terminal.
このような接続により、第１図のR3の人体と
大地間の抵抗の両端は、同図２の点に接続さたと
等価になり、同電位となるため人体に電流が流れ
ることはなくなる。 With this kind of connection, both ends of the resistance between the human body and the earth at R3 in Figure 1 are equivalent to connecting to the point 2 in Figure 1, and have the same potential, so no current flows through the human body.
保護抵抗器５の値は、接地極付コンセント３に
接続される負荷となる医用電気機器の保護接地
線、又は接地端子４に接続する追加保護接地線の
抵抗値に比べて十分大きな抵抗値とする。 The value of the protective resistor 5 should be sufficiently large compared to the resistance value of the protective grounding wire of the medical electrical equipment that is the load connected to the grounding terminal 3 or the additional protective grounding wire connected to the grounding terminal 4. do.
第１図の第２種接地抵抗R1に相当する抵抗及
び医用電気機器側の接地抵抗R2に相当する抵抗
を保護抵抗器５とし、保護接地線又は追加保護接
地線の抵抗値をJIS Ｔ 1001医用電気機器の安全
通則（1983）により規定されている0.1Ω以下と
すれば、負荷となる医用電気機器に電源部の絶縁
破壊などを生じても、医用電気機器を使用してい
る環境で人体が接触し得る範囲の医用電気機器は
極めて小さな接触電圧しか生じないため、マクロ
シヨツクはもち論のことミクロシヨツクからも人
体を保護することができる。 The resistance equivalent to the second class grounding resistance R 1 in Figure 1 and the resistance equivalent to the grounding resistance R 2 on the medical electrical equipment side are the protective resistor 5, and the resistance value of the protective grounding wire or additional protective grounding wire is JIS T. If the resistance is 0.1 Ω or less as specified by the 1001 General Safety Regulations for Medical Electrical Equipment (1983), even if dielectric breakdown occurs in the power supply section of the medical electrical equipment that serves as the load, the environment in which the medical electrical equipment is used will remain intact. Since medical electrical equipment that can come into contact with the human body generates only an extremely small contact voltage, the human body can be protected not only from macro shocks but also from micro shocks.
この発明は、以上説明したように、配電系統の
第２種接地抵抗R1及び医用電気機器側の接地抵
抗R2の回路を絶縁トランス６の二次側回路で等
価的に作り、理想的な抵抗値を選ぶことにより、
電撃防止ができるようにしたものである。 As explained above, in this invention, the circuit of the second type grounding resistance R 1 of the power distribution system and the grounding resistance R 2 of the medical electrical equipment side is created equivalently by the secondary side circuit of the isolation transformer 6, and an ideal By choosing the resistance value,
It is designed to prevent electric shock.
従つて第２図の絶縁トランスを用いた医用安全
電源装置の接地端子４を安全のため特に大地へ接
地する必要もなく、負荷となる医用電気機器が故
障して生じる地絡電流などによる電撃を高信頼度
で防止できる利点をもつ医用電源装置である。 Therefore, there is no need to specifically ground the grounding terminal 4 of the medical safety power supply device using the isolation transformer shown in Fig. 2 to the earth for safety, and it is possible to prevent electric shocks caused by ground fault currents caused by malfunctions of the medical electrical equipment that serves as the load. This medical power supply device has the advantage of being highly reliable and preventive.
従来の絶縁トランスを用いる方法では、二次側
回路の大地との静電容量と絶縁抵抗に基づく絶縁
インピーダンス及び負荷となる医用電気機器の絶
縁インピーダンスが低下すると、その目的を達成
できなくなるので、絶縁トランスの二次側の回路
に絶縁監視装置を設けて、常時監視することが必
要とされる。 In the conventional method of using an isolation transformer, if the insulation impedance based on the capacitance and insulation resistance between the secondary circuit and the ground and the insulation impedance of the medical electrical equipment that serves as the load decreases, the purpose cannot be achieved. It is necessary to provide an insulation monitoring device in the circuit on the secondary side of the transformer and constantly monitor it.
第１図は、人が電撃を受ける場合の等価回路
で、第２図は本発明を実施する場合の例を示す回
路である。
Ｅ……商用電源、R1……第２種接地抵抗、R2
……医用機器側の接地系の抵抗、R3……人体と
大地間の抵抗、RM……人体の等価抵抗、Ｚ……
医用電気機器の金属筐体と電源部との絶縁インピ
ーダンス、I1……医用電気機器の接地漏れ電流、
I2……医用電気機器の金属筐体に触れたときに人
体への分流電流、１……医用電気機器の金属筐
体、２……医用電気機器の金属筐体に接続された
接地端子、３……接地極付コンセント、４……絶
縁トランスを用いた医用安全電源装置の接地端
子、５……保護抵抗器、６……絶縁トランス、７
……絶縁トランスを用いた医用安全電源装置の筐
体、８……絶縁トランスの二次巻線、９……絶縁
トランスの一次巻線、１０……絶縁トランスを用
いた医用安全電源装置の電源供給端子。
FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit when a person receives an electric shock, and FIG. 2 is a circuit showing an example of implementing the present invention. E... Commercial power supply, R 1 ... Class 2 earthing resistance, R 2
...Resistance of the grounding system on the medical equipment side, R 3 ...Resistance between the human body and the earth, R M ...Equivalent resistance of the human body, Z...
Insulation impedance between the metal casing of medical electrical equipment and the power supply section, I 1 ... Earth leakage current of medical electrical equipment,
I 2 ...Shunt current to the human body when touching the metal casing of medical electrical equipment, 1...Metal casing of medical electrical equipment, 2...Grounding terminal connected to the metal casing of medical electrical equipment, 3...Outlet with a grounding electrode, 4...Grounding terminal of a medical safety power supply device using an isolation transformer, 5...Protection resistor, 6...Isolation transformer, 7
...Housing of medical safety power supply device using isolation transformer, 8...Secondary winding of isolation transformer, 9...Primary winding of isolation transformer, 10...Power source of medical safety power supply device using isolation transformer Supply terminal.
Claims (1)
極と医用電源装置に設けた接地端子及び出力用の
接地極付コンセントの接地極との間に抵抗器を接
続した構成からなり、抵抗器を負荷となる医用電
気機器に接続される保護接地線又は追加保護接地
線の抵抗値に比べて十分大きな抵抗値とすること
により、接地極付コンセントによつて並列に接続
された医用電気機器が地絡故障などを生じた場合
に、並列に接続されている他の医用電気機器とを
等電位に保ち患者や操作者を電撃から防護するよ
うにした医用安全電源装置。1 Consists of a resistor connected between either pole of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer and the grounding terminal provided on the medical power supply device and the grounding terminal of the output outlet with a grounding terminal. By making the resistance value sufficiently larger than the resistance value of the protective grounding wire or additional protective grounding wire connected to the medical electrical equipment that serves as the load, medical electrical equipment connected in parallel through a grounded electrical outlet can be A medical safety power supply device that protects patients and operators from electric shock by keeping other medical electrical equipment connected in parallel at the same potential in the event of a ground fault.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57025894A JPS58143738A (en) | 1982-02-22 | 1982-02-22 | Medical safety light source apparatus using insulated transformer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57025894A JPS58143738A (en) | 1982-02-22 | 1982-02-22 | Medical safety light source apparatus using insulated transformer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58143738A JPS58143738A (en) | 1983-08-26 |
| JPH046369B2 true JPH046369B2 (en) | 1992-02-05 |
Family
ID=12178493
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57025894A Granted JPS58143738A (en) | 1982-02-22 | 1982-02-22 | Medical safety light source apparatus using insulated transformer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58143738A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09327512A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1997-12-22 | Mizuho Ika Kogyo Kk | Garter rack with power unit |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023187742A1 (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-10-05 | Auris Health, Inc. | Method and circuit for supervision of protective-earth continuity in medical devices using a lock-in amplifier |
-
1982
- 1982-02-22 JP JP57025894A patent/JPS58143738A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09327512A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1997-12-22 | Mizuho Ika Kogyo Kk | Garter rack with power unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58143738A (en) | 1983-08-26 |
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