JPH0458015A - Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine - Google Patents

Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Info

Publication number
JPH0458015A
JPH0458015A JP2170550A JP17055090A JPH0458015A JP H0458015 A JPH0458015 A JP H0458015A JP 2170550 A JP2170550 A JP 2170550A JP 17055090 A JP17055090 A JP 17055090A JP H0458015 A JPH0458015 A JP H0458015A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion chamber
piston
fuel injection
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2170550A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masanori Komori
正憲 小森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHINNENSHIYOU SYST KENKYUSHO KK
Original Assignee
SHINNENSHIYOU SYST KENKYUSHO KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SHINNENSHIYOU SYST KENKYUSHO KK filed Critical SHINNENSHIYOU SYST KENKYUSHO KK
Priority to JP2170550A priority Critical patent/JPH0458015A/en
Publication of JPH0458015A publication Critical patent/JPH0458015A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0636—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom
    • F02B23/0639—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom the combustion space having substantially the shape of a cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0621—Squish flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

PURPOSE:To promote ignition of fuel in a simple structure by forming a vortex generation part around a projected part formed on the bottom face of a combustion chamber or the down face of a cylinder head in a position near the nozzle of a fuel injection valve. CONSTITUTION:A combustion chamber 10 is formed on the top part of a piston 1. A fuel injection valve 9 is arranged in the central part of a cylinder head 5. A projection part 1a is formed while facing to a nozzle 9a on the bottom face of a combustion chamber 10 of the piston 1, and a vortex generation part 10a is formed around the projection part 1a. When fuel F injected from the nozzle 9a of the fuel injection valve 9 flows along the projection part 1a of the piston 1, vortexes are generated because the fuel is rapidly expanded in the vortex generation part 10a so as to make air-mixture of fuel and air stagnate there. Ignition of the fuel is promoted in a simple structure in this way.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野コ 本発明は、直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室に関する
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine.

［従来の技術］ 現在、ディーゼル機関においてスモークおよびＮ　Ｏｘ
の低減は重要な課題であり、その低減に向けて燃焼およ
び燃料噴射の両面から種々の提案が行われている。この
うち燃料を１５０Ｍｐａ以上の高圧で噴射する高圧噴射
方式においては、第３図に示すように、燃料噴射のタイ
ミングを遅くした低ＮＯｘ生成の条件下でも、スモーク
濃度を低く維持できることが知られている。[Prior Art] Currently, smoke and NOx are produced in diesel engines.
Reducing fuel consumption is an important issue, and various proposals have been made from both combustion and fuel injection perspectives to reduce it. Among these, the high-pressure injection method that injects fuel at a high pressure of 150 MPa or higher is known to be able to maintain a low smoke concentration even under conditions of low NOx generation with delayed fuel injection timing, as shown in Figure 3. There is.

［発明が解決しようとする課題］ しかしながら、上記従来の高圧噴射方式においては、第
３図に示すように、燃料噴射のタイミングをさらに遅く
していった場合、ＴＤＣ後、着火遅れが長くなりＮ　Ｏ
Ｘが再び増大するという問題ををしている。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the conventional high-pressure injection system described above, as shown in FIG. 3, when the timing of fuel injection is further delayed, the ignition delay after TDC becomes longer and N O
We are dealing with the problem of X increasing again.

この着火遅れ対策としては、従来の低圧噴射で使用され
ているグロープラグやスパークプラグの採用も考えられ
るが、高圧噴射の場合には、燃料への空気の導入速度が
大きく渦ができにくいことや、噴霧エネルギーが大きい
ことのために、従来のスパークプラグの構造では、火が
消されて使用できない。また、グロープラグの場合、非
常に大きな着火エネルギーを必要とする。As a countermeasure for this ignition delay, it is possible to adopt glow plugs and spark plugs used in conventional low-pressure injection, but in the case of high-pressure injection, the speed at which air is introduced into the fuel is large and vortices are difficult to form. , Due to the large spray energy, the conventional spark plug structure cannot be used because the flame is extinguished. Furthermore, glow plugs require extremely large ignition energy.

本発明は上記問題を解決するものであって、燃焼室の構
造を改善することにより、簡単な構造で燃料の着火を促
進させることができる直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼
室を提供することを目的とする。The present invention solves the above problems, and aims to provide a combustion chamber for a direct injection diesel engine that can promote fuel ignition with a simple structure by improving the structure of the combustion chamber. shall be.

［課題を解決するための手段］ そのために本発明の直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室
は、ピストン１の頂部に形成される燃焼室１０と、シリ
ンダヘッド５に配設される燃料噴射弁９とを有し、前記
燃料噴射弁９のノズル９ａ近傍に位置して燃焼室１０の
底面またはシリンダヘッド５の下面に突出部１ａ、５ａ
を形成し、該突出部５　ａｌｌ　０　ａの周囲に渦発生
部１０ａを形成することを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] For this purpose, the combustion chamber of the direct injection diesel engine of the present invention includes a combustion chamber 10 formed at the top of the piston 1, and a fuel injection valve 9 disposed in the cylinder head 5. The projecting portions 1a, 5a are located near the nozzle 9a of the fuel injection valve 9 on the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 10 or the bottom surface of the cylinder head 5.
, and a vortex generating section 10a is formed around the protruding section 5 all 0 a.

なお、上記構成に付加した番号は、理解を容易にするた
めに図面と対比させるためのもので、これにより本発明
の構成が何ら限定されるものではない。Note that the numbers added to the above configurations are for comparison with the drawings to facilitate understanding, and the configurations of the present invention are not limited thereby.

［作用コ 本発明においては例えば第１図に示すように、燃料噴射
弁９のノズル９ａから噴射された燃料Ｆがピストン１の
突出部１ａに沿って流れるとき、渦発生部１０ａにおい
て燃料が急激に膨張されるため渦が発生し、ここで燃料
と空気の混合気が滞留される結果、燃料の着火を促進さ
せることができる。[Function] In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, when the fuel F injected from the nozzle 9a of the fuel injection valve 9 flows along the protrusion 1a of the piston 1, the fuel rapidly flows in the vortex generating part 10a. Since the fuel is expanded, a vortex is generated, and as a result of the mixture of fuel and air being retained there, ignition of the fuel can be promoted.

［実施例コ 以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照しつつ説明する。第
１図は本発明に係わる直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼
室の１実施例を示すエンジンの一部断面図である。[Embodiments] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of an engine showing one embodiment of a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to the present invention.

第１図において、１はピストン、２はピストンリング、
３はシリンダライナー　４はガスケット、５はシリンダ
ヘッド、６は排気通路、７はバルブシート、８は排気弁
、９は燃料噴射弁を示し、ピストン１の頂部には燃焼室
１０が形成されている。In Fig. 1, 1 is a piston, 2 is a piston ring,
3 is a cylinder liner, 4 is a gasket, 5 is a cylinder head, 6 is an exhaust passage, 7 is a valve seat, 8 is an exhaust valve, 9 is a fuel injection valve, and a combustion chamber 10 is formed at the top of the piston 1. .

シリンダヘッド５には、それぞれ２個の排気弁８．８お
よび吸気弁（図示せず）が配設されると共に、シリンダ
ヘッド５の中心部に燃料噴射弁９が配設され、そのノズ
ル９ａが燃焼室１０に臨むように設けられている。The cylinder head 5 is provided with two exhaust valves 8.8 and two intake valves (not shown), and a fuel injection valve 9 is provided in the center of the cylinder head 5, with a nozzle 9a thereof. It is provided so as to face the combustion chamber 10.

本実施例の特徴は、ピストン１の燃焼室１０底面にノズ
ル９ａに対向して突出部１ａを形成し１この突出部１ａ
の周囲に渦発生部１０ａを形成した点である。燃料噴射
弁９のノズル９ａから噴射される燃料Ｆがピストン１の
突出部１ａに沿って流れるとき、渦発生部１０ａにおい
て燃料が急激に膨張されるため渦が発生し、ここで燃料
と空気の混合気が滞留される結果、燃料の着火を促進さ
せることができる。The feature of this embodiment is that a protrusion 1a is formed on the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 10 of the piston 1 facing the nozzle 9a.
This is the point where the vortex generating portion 10a is formed around the . When the fuel F injected from the nozzle 9a of the fuel injection valve 9 flows along the protruding portion 1a of the piston 1, the fuel is rapidly expanded in the vortex generating portion 10a and a vortex is generated, where the fuel and air are separated. As a result of the air-fuel mixture being retained, ignition of the fuel can be promoted.

第２図は本発明の他の実施例を示すエンジンの一部断面
図である。なお、第１図の実施例と同一の構成について
は同一番号を付けて説明を省略する。FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of an engine showing another embodiment of the present invention. Components that are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals and their description will be omitted.

本実施例においては、燃料噴射弁９のノズル９ａの周囲
に、シリンダヘッド５から突出部５ａを一体に形成し、
この突出部５ａの周囲に渦発生部１０ａを形成するよう
にしている。In this embodiment, a protrusion 5a is integrally formed from the cylinder head 5 around the nozzle 9a of the fuel injection valve 9,
A vortex generating section 10a is formed around this protruding section 5a.

なお、上記した各実施例において、渦発生部１０ａにグ
ロープラグ或いはスパークプラグを設置すれば、さらに
着火を促進させることができる。In each of the embodiments described above, ignition can be further promoted by installing a glow plug or a spark plug in the vortex generating portion 10a.

また、突出部１ａｓ５ａをセラミック等で遮熱すれば、
ピストン１またはシリンダヘッド５から熱の放散が低減
し、さらに着火を促進させることができる。Moreover, if the protruding portion 1as5a is heat-insulated with ceramic or the like,
Dissipation of heat from the piston 1 or cylinder head 5 is reduced, and ignition can be further promoted.

［発明の効果コ 以上のように本発明によれば、燃焼室の構造を改善する
ことにより、簡単な構造で燃料の着火を促進させること
ができる。従って、高圧噴射において、燃料噴射のタイ
ミングを遅くしても、着火遅れが長くなることがなく、
スモークおよびＮ０８の低減を図ることができる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, by improving the structure of the combustion chamber, ignition of fuel can be promoted with a simple structure. Therefore, in high-pressure injection, even if the timing of fuel injection is delayed, the ignition delay will not become longer.
Smoke and N08 can be reduced.

また、高圧噴射の場合でも小さな着火エネルギーでグロ
ープラグ或いはスパークプラグを採用することができる
。Furthermore, even in the case of high-pressure injection, glow plugs or spark plugs can be used with small ignition energy.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明に係わる直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃
焼室の１実施例を示すエンジンの一部断面図、第２図は
本発明の他の実施例を示すエンジンの一部断面図、第３
図は高圧噴射方式における燃料噴射時期に対するＮ　Ｏ
ｘ濃度、スモーク濃度および着火遅れ時間の関係を示す
図である。 １・・・ピストン、 ５・・・シリンダヘッド、 ９・・・燃料 噴射弁、 ９ａ・・・ノズル、 １０・・・燃焼室、 １０ａ・・・ 渦発生部、 ａ１ ５ａ・・・突出部。 出 願 人 株式会社 新燃焼システム研究所FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of an engine showing one embodiment of a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of an engine showing another embodiment of the present invention. 3
The figure shows NO in relation to fuel injection timing in high-pressure injection system.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between x concentration, smoke concentration, and ignition delay time. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Piston, 5... Cylinder head, 9... Fuel injection valve, 9a... Nozzle, 10... Combustion chamber, 10a... Vortex generating part, a1 5a... Projection part. Applicant New Combustion System Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）ピストンの頂部に形成される燃焼室と、シリンダ
ヘッドに配設される燃料噴射弁とを有し、前記燃料噴射
弁のノズル近傍に位置して燃焼室の底面またはシリンダ
ヘッドの下面に突出部を形成し、該突出部の周囲に渦発
生部を形成することを特徴とする直接噴射式ディーゼル
機関の燃焼室。(1) It has a combustion chamber formed at the top of the piston and a fuel injection valve disposed in the cylinder head, and is located near the nozzle of the fuel injection valve and located at the bottom of the combustion chamber or the bottom of the cylinder head. A combustion chamber for a direct injection diesel engine, characterized in that a protrusion is formed and a vortex generating part is formed around the protrusion.
JP2170550A 1990-06-28 1990-06-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine Pending JPH0458015A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2170550A JPH0458015A (en) 1990-06-28 1990-06-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2170550A JPH0458015A (en) 1990-06-28 1990-06-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0458015A true JPH0458015A (en) 1992-02-25

Family

ID=15906954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2170550A Pending JPH0458015A (en) 1990-06-28 1990-06-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0458015A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2884284A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-13 Renault Sas Piston for direct injection diesel engine, has piston head terminated by base in which bowl is made, reinforcement arranged at surface of boss in base of bowl, and another reinforcement made in base of head and outside bowl
JP2012117475A (en) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-21 Isuzu Motors Ltd Structure of combustion chamber of engine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53134105A (en) * 1977-04-28 1978-11-22 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd Direct injection diesel engine
JPS63162925A (en) * 1986-12-12 1988-07-06 アー・ファウ・エル　ゲゼルシャフト　フィア　フェアブレヌングスクラフトマシーネン　ウント　メステヒニク　エム・ベー・ハー　プロフェッサー・ドクター・ドクター・ハー・ツェー・ハンス・リスト Pneumatic compression type valve control internal combustion engine
JPH0431653A (en) * 1990-05-24 1992-02-03 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd Direct injection type internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53134105A (en) * 1977-04-28 1978-11-22 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd Direct injection diesel engine
JPS63162925A (en) * 1986-12-12 1988-07-06 アー・ファウ・エル　ゲゼルシャフト　フィア　フェアブレヌングスクラフトマシーネン　ウント　メステヒニク　エム・ベー・ハー　プロフェッサー・ドクター・ドクター・ハー・ツェー・ハンス・リスト Pneumatic compression type valve control internal combustion engine
JPH0431653A (en) * 1990-05-24 1992-02-03 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd Direct injection type internal combustion engine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2884284A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-13 Renault Sas Piston for direct injection diesel engine, has piston head terminated by base in which bowl is made, reinforcement arranged at surface of boss in base of bowl, and another reinforcement made in base of head and outside bowl
JP2012117475A (en) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-21 Isuzu Motors Ltd Structure of combustion chamber of engine

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