JPH0455815A - Liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To unnecessitate polarizing plates and to increase light transmissivity at the time of transmission of using a specified liq. crystal-resin composite body contg. the liq. crystal dispersed and held in the resin matrix and capable of electrically controlling the scattering or transmitting state between substrates each fitted with an electrode. CONSTITUTION:A liq. crystal-resin composite body 6 satisfying equation I is used between substrates 2, 3. In the equation I, A is 0.4-1.0, epsilonON is dielectric constant of the composite body 6 measured at voltage at which the liq. crystal orients perpendicularly to the substrates 2, 3 epsilonOFF is the dielectric constant of the composite body 6 measured at below the threshold voltage of the liq. crystal. DELTAepsilon is the anisotropy of dielectric constant of the liq. crystal and L is the amt. (wt.%) of the liq. crystal used at the time of forming a liq. crystal display element 1. The average particle size of the liq. crystal dispersed and held in the resin matrix is regulated to 0.3-0.6mum. Transmissivity in a transmitting state is increased, scattering property can be improved and light display is enabled.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a transmission-scattering type liquid crystal display element and a liquid crystal display device.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as a liquid crystal display element that controls the transmission of light using a liquid crystal, a twisted nematic display device using a nematic liquid crystal (
TN) type liquid crystal display elements and guest host (GH) type liquid crystal display elements containing dichroic dyes are used.

On the other hand, recently liquid crystals have been dispersed and held in a resin matrix resin, and the refractive index of the resin matrix is the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal (n
, ) has been proposed, and has been attracting attention as a transmission-scattering type liquid crystal display element.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In a liquid crystal display element in which such liquid crystal is dispersed and held in a resin matrix resin, transmission and scattering are controlled by the voltage application state.

When such an element is used as a display device, a light source is provided either at the back or diagonally in front.

If the light source is placed behind the viewer, it is necessary to configure the display so that the light from the light source does not reach the viewer directly when it is transmitted through the display, and it is usually necessary to use a projection type liquid crystal display device, which complicates the configuration. It has the following drawbacks.

On the other hand, if the light source is placed diagonally in front, the part in the scattering state will appear white, and the part in the transmitting state will show the dark color of the normally dark background layer placed behind it. .

In the case of such a liquid crystal display device, in the scattering state part,
The incident light is divided into the incident side (observer side) and the anti-incident side (behind) and scattered. A part of the light that escapes to the anti-incidence side is reflected by the background layer placed behind and returns to the incident side again, so if the scattering properties are poor, the amount of light that escapes to the anti-incidence side increases, and the reflection Conversely, much of the light also returns to the incident side, causing problems such as the color of the background layer appearing pale or the scattered areas not appearing white enough.

In order to simply increase the whiteness of the element, there is a method of increasing the scattering power by increasing the thickness of the element, but this has the disadvantages of lowering the transmittance in the transparent state and requiring a higher driving voltage. This is not always possible.

For this reason, there has been a desire for a liquid crystal display element that has uniformity even over a large area and that improves scattering ability without reducing transmittance in a transmissive state.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and includes a method in which nematic liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy are dispersed and held in a resin matrix between electrode-attached substrates. In a liquid crystal display element formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal resin composite in which the refractive index of the resin matrix is made to almost match the ordinary refractive index (n0) of the liquid crystal used, the liquid crystals are sufficiently aligned perpendicular to the substrate. Dielectric constant of liquid crystal resin composite measured by voltage (ε.N), dielectric constant of liquid crystal resin composite measured below threshold voltage of liquid crystal (ε.FF), dielectric constant anisotropy of liquid crystal (Δε) , the relationship between the amount of liquid crystal used (L (wt%)) at the time of device production is O14≦A≦1.0 in the following equation (1), and the average of liquid crystals dispersed and held in the resin matrix The liquid crystal display element, which is characterized by a particle size of 0.3 to 0.6 μm, and the resin used in its liquid crystal resin composite are photocurable vinyl resins, and the liquid crystal and the resin are uniformly bonded. A liquid crystal display element characterized by using a liquid crystal resin composite obtained by curing the resin by irradiating light on a solution dissolved in The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device characterized in that a light source is arranged.

In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, 1) a liquid crystal resin composite in which liquid crystal is dispersed and held in a resin matrix between polarized substrates, and which electrically controls scattering state and transmitting state; Because it uses a polarizing plate, it is possible to significantly improve the transmittance of light during transmission, and the above (
In formula 1), 0.4≦A≦1.0, and the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal dispersed in the resin matrix is 0.3 to 0.
By setting the thickness to 6 μm, scattering properties can be improved. Therefore, a bright display is possible, and a display with a design that cannot be obtained with conventional TN type liquid crystal display devices or GH type liquid crystal display devices based on white can be obtained.

Furthermore, problems due to the alignment treatment required for TN-type liquid crystal display elements and static electricity generated can be avoided, so that the manufacturing yield of liquid crystal display elements can be greatly improved.

Furthermore, since this liquid crystal resin composite is in the form of a film after curing, problems such as short circuits between substrates due to pressurization of the substrates and destruction of electrodes and alignment due to movement of spacers are less likely to occur.

Further, this liquid crystal resin composite has a resistivity equivalent to that of the conventional TN mode, and does not require large power consumption unlike the DS mode. Therefore, production is easy because the alignment film forming process can be removed from the manufacturing process of conventional TN mode liquid crystal display elements.

In the present invention, as a liquid crystal display element, a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy is dispersed and held in a resin matrix between a pair of substrates with electrodes, and the refractive index of the resin matrix is the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal used ( A liquid crystal display element is used in which a transmission-scattering type liquid crystal resin composite sandwiched therebetween is made to substantially match n0).

Specifically, as a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal resin composite consisting of a resin matrix with many fine pores and nematic liquid crystal filled in the pores is sandwiched between substrates with electrodes, and a liquid crystal resin composite is placed between the electrodes. Depending on the voltage applied, the refractive index of the liquid crystal changes, and the relationship between the refractive index of the resin matrix and the refractive index of the liquid crystal changes, and when the refractive index of the two matches, it becomes a transparent state, and the refractive index differs. It is possible to use a liquid crystal display element that is sometimes in a scattering state.

The liquid crystal resin composite consists of a resin matrix with many fine pores and liquid crystal filled in the pores.
It has a structure in which liquid crystal is sealed inside liquid bubbles like microcapsules, but individual microcapsules do not have to be completely independent; individual liquid crystal bubbles can fill pores like in a porous material. They may communicate through the

The liquid crystal resin composite used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is prepared by mixing nematic liquid crystal and the material constituting the resin matrix to form a solution or latex, and then curing this by photocuring, thermosetting, or solvent removal. The resin matrix may be separated by curing, reaction curing, etc., and the nematic liquid crystal may be dispersed in the resin matrix.

It is preferable to use a photocuring or thermosetting resin as the resin used, since it can be cured in a closed system.

In particular, it is preferable to use a photocurable resin because it can be cured in a short time without being affected by heat.

The specific manufacturing method is to form a cell using a sealing material in the same way as conventional nematic liquid crystals, inject a mixture of uncured nematic liquid crystal and resin matrix raw material through the injection port, and seal the injection port. After that, it can be cured by irradiation with light or by heating.

In the case of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, a mixture of uncured nematic liquid crystal and a resin matrix raw material is supplied onto a substrate provided with a transparent electrode, for example, without using a sealing material, and then a transparent electrode is provided. The provided substrates can also be stacked and cured by light irradiation or the like.

Of course, after that, a sealing material may be applied to the periphery to seal the periphery. According to this manufacturing method, the injection process is simple and productivity is high because it is sufficient to supply a mixture of nematic liquid crystal and uncured resin matrix raw material by roll coating, spin cord, printing, application with a dispenser, etc. is extremely good.

In addition, the mixture of these nematic liquid crystals and uncured resin matrix raw materials contains spacers such as ceramic particles, plastic particles, and glass fibers for controlling the gap between the substrates.
Pigments, dyes, viscosity modifiers, and other additives that do not adversely affect the performance of the invention may be added.

By curing this element with a sufficiently high voltage applied only to a specific part during the curing process, that part can always be in a light-transmitting state, so if there is something you want to display in a fixed manner, may form such a normally transparent portion.

The response time of a liquid crystal display element using such a liquid crystal resin composite of the present invention is that the rise of voltage application is 3 to 50 m5.
ec, and the fall of voltage removal is about 3 to 80 m5 ec, which is faster than the conventional TN mode liquid crystal display element.

In addition, its voltage-transmittance electro-optical characteristics are different from that of conventional TN.
The mode is relatively gentler than that of a liquid crystal display element, and it is easier to drive for gradation display.

Note that the higher the transmittance of a liquid crystal display element using this liquid crystal resin composite in a transmission state, the better, and the haze value in a scattering state is preferably 80% or more.

In the present invention, while a voltage is applied, the refractive index of the resin matrix (after curing) is made to match the ordinary refractive index (n0) of the liquid crystal used.

As a result, when the refractive index of the resin matrix and the refractive index of the liquid crystal match, light is transmitted, and when they do not match, light is scattered (
cloudy). The scattering property of this element is higher than that of the conventional D
A display with a higher contrast ratio than that of an S-mode liquid crystal display element can be obtained.

A feature of the present invention is to provide an optimal configuration of a liquid crystal display element using this liquid crystal resin composite.

That is, the object is to provide a liquid crystal display element that has high transmittance during transmission, high scattering property (light-shielding property) during scattering, and a high contrast ratio.

Factors that determine the electro-optical properties of a liquid crystal display element using the above liquid crystal resin composite include the dielectric anisotropy (Δε), viscosity, and elastic constant of the liquid crystal used, as well as the refractive index np and ratio of the resin used. Examples include the dielectric constant ε2, the elastic modulus, and the average particle diameter R1 of the liquid crystal dispersed and held in the resin matrix.

Here, the average particle diameter R of the liquid crystal is the diameter when the liquid crystal forms approximately spherical liquid bubbles, and when the liquid crystal has a porous continuous structure, the directors of the liquid crystal are correlated with each other. means the diameter of the area.

The electro-optical properties of a liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal resin composite of the present invention include high scattering properties in the absence of an electric field, and
It is desired to have high transparency when an electric field is applied, that is, to have a high display contrast ratio.

In order to obtain such a display, it is necessary that the whiteness of the part having scattering properties is particularly high. In general, when light enters a dispersion of fine particles on the order of a wavelength, there is light that returns to the incident side (backscatter) and light that travels toward the anti-incidence side and is scattered at a wide angle relative to the light incident direction (forward wide-angle forward scattering) and light scattered at a small angle (small-angle forward scattering).

Therefore, in order to increase the whiteness during scattering of the element of the present invention,
Although it is important to increase the backscattering property, if a portion of the forward scattered light can also be returned to the rear (towards the viewer) before the background layer, it becomes possible to further increase the degree of whiteness. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a low refractive index layer between the background layer and the backside substrate without bringing the background layer into close contact with the backside substrate, and to totally reflect the light that is about to be emitted from the backside substrate at a large angle and return it to the rear. Specifically, a low refractive index layer may be formed on the back side of the back side substrate by vapor deposition or the like, but it is also possible to simply separate the background layer from the back side substrate so that an air layer is formed therebetween. .

Therefore, by doing this, it is possible to increase the forward wide-angle scattering and increase the whiteness of the display. Therefore, in addition to the backward scattering, the forward wide-angle scattering also increases relatively. It is necessary to do so.

In order to meet such requirements in the wavelength range of light, it is important that the average particle diameter R of the liquid crystal is 0.3 to 0.6 μm. When R is in this region, backscattering is greatest. Even if it is thicker (or smaller) than this, the backscattering property will decrease.

Also, wide-angle forward scattering and small-angle forward scattering increase as R increases. Therefore, it is necessary that R is relatively within the above range, and it is particularly preferable to set it to around 0.4 μm.

On the other hand, as the number of liquid crystal particles increases, scattering properties increase, leading to an improvement in whiteness. However, in actual devices, the liquid crystal partially dissolves in the resin of the matrix or swells, so not all of the liquid crystal used can be operated by voltage.

Therefore, it is important to increase the particle density (the amount of liquid crystal that can be operated) as well as the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal. The amount of liquid crystal that can be operated in this liquid crystal resin composite is estimated by the dielectric constant (ε.,) of the liquid crystal resin composite measured at a voltage at which the liquid crystal is sufficiently aligned perpendicular to the substrate, and the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal. The difference between the dielectric constant (ε., 7) of the liquid crystal resin composite measured below (
ε. 8-ε. FF).

When creating a liquid crystal resin composite, if all the liquid crystals used are operable, (ε., −ε.□) is the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal used, regardless of the matrix resin in the liquid crystal resin composite. The anisotropy (Δε) is 273.

Therefore, among the liquid crystals used in the liquid crystal resin composite.

An operable liquid crystal is defined as A=3 (where L (wt%) is the amount of liquid crystal used in the raw material mixture of the liquid crystal resin composite).
Eos E°1').

2 (Δε・L) As mentioned above, when the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal that increases backscattering property is set to 0.3 to 0.6 μm, the larger A is, the thicker the scattering power is (because A = 1). At this time, it is also necessary to consider the refractive index of the liquid crystal used and the resin matrix, and the amount of liquid crystal used.

On the other hand, when A<1, there is a liquid crystal that does not operate, which affects the refractive index and dielectric constant of the resin matrix, and changes the transmittance and driving voltage in the on state. Therefore, when creating an actual device, it is necessary to select the value of A, taking into account the effect of the liquid crystal not operating. When A<0.4, sufficient scattering properties cannot be obtained, so A≧0.4, and as described above, 0.4≦A≦1.0. In particular, if emphasis is placed on the whiteness of the element, A≧0.6 is preferable.

Furthermore, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can perform color display by providing a color filter, mixing a dichroic dye into the liquid crystal, or mixing a dye or pigment into the resin matrix raw material.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

In Fig. 1, 1 is a liquid crystal display element, 2.3 is a substrate made of glass, plastic, etc., and 4.5 is an ITO (InJa-
3now), 5n02, etc., and 6 indicates a liquid crystal resin composite sandwiched between both substrates.

When light enters the scattering portion of the liquid crystal display element in FIG. 1 from the lower side of the figure in the direction indicated by the arrow 7, the light that is scattered back to the incident side (backscatter) 8 and the liquid crystal resin Light scattered to the rear of the composite (wide-angle forward scattering) 9 and light passing straight through the liquid crystal resin composite to the rear (small-angle forward scattering) 1
2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal display element of FIG. 1. FIG.

In FIG. 2, 1) indicates a liquid crystal display element, 12 a light source disposed diagonally toward the viewer, and 13 a dark colored background layer disposed behind the liquid crystal display element.

This light source only needs to be placed at an oblique position on the observer's side, and any known light source such as a tungsten lamp, cold cathode discharge tube, hot cathode discharge tube, or halogen lamp can be used. The purpose of arranging this light source at an oblique position is to make it difficult for the light from the light source to reach the viewer due to direct reflection, thereby reducing glare caused by the light source.

In the present invention, since the scattered portion appears white, the display cannot be distinguished unless the other transparent portions are made black. For this reason,
The background layer is generally blackish in color. However, red
It may be blue, green, etc., or it may be printed matter such as landscapes or designs. This background layer may be formed by printing or the like on the anti-incidence side of the liquid crystal display element, or may be formed by laminating plate-like materials in close contact with each other, or may be laminated with a slight gap between them.

The electrode of the present invention is usually a transparent electrode, but a part thereof may be a reflective electrode made of chromium, aluminum, or the like.

In addition, the liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal display device of the present invention may be laminated with infrared cut filters, ultraviolet cut filters, etc., or may be printed with characters, figures, etc., or may use a plurality of liquid crystal display elements. You may also do so.

Furthermore, in the present invention, a protective plate such as a glass plate or a plastic plate may be laminated on the outside of this liquid crystal display element. This reduces the risk of damage even if the surface is pressurized, improving safety.

In the present invention, when a photocurable resin is used as the uncured resin constituting the liquid crystal resin composite, it is preferable to use a photocurable vinyl resin.

Specifically, photocurable acrylic resins are exemplified, and those containing acrylic oligomers that are polymerized and cured by light irradiation are particularly preferred.

The liquid crystal used in the present invention is a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and is a liquid crystal in which the refractive index of the resin matrix matches the ordinary refractive index (n.) of the liquid crystal,
Although they may be used alone or as a composition, it is more advantageous to use a composition in order to satisfy various performance requirements such as operating temperature range and operating voltage.

In addition, when a photocurable resin is used for the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal resin composite, it is preferable to uniformly dissolve the photocurable resin, and the cured product after light exposure does not dissolve or is difficult to dissolve. When using a composition, it is desirable that the solubility of each liquid crystal be as close as possible.

When manufacturing a liquid crystal resin composite, like a conventional ordinary liquid crystal display element, a pair of substrates with electrodes are arranged so that the electrode surfaces face each other, the periphery is sealed with a sealing material, and the inlet is injected. Alternatively, the injection port may be sealed by injecting an uncured liquid crystal mixture for liquid crystal resin composite, or a mixture of a curable compound and liquid crystal may be supplied onto the substrates, and the opposing substrates may be stacked. It may be manufactured by

In the present invention, since liquid crystal is used as a solvent in the liquid crystal resin composite and the photocurable resin is cured by light exposure, there is no need to simply evaporate the solvent and water that are unnecessary during curing. Therefore, since it can be cured in a closed system, the conventional manufacturing method of injection into cells can be used as is, making it highly reliable.It also has the effect of bonding two substrates together with photocurable resin, making it even more reliable. Highly sexual (becomes).

By using a liquid crystal resin composite in this way, there is a low risk of short-circuiting between the upper and lower transparent electrodes (and there is no need to strictly control the orientation and substrate gap like in normal TN type display elements). A liquid crystal display element whose transmission state and scattering state can be controlled can be manufactured with extremely high productivity.

[Function] When light enters the liquid crystal display device as shown in Fig. 2 from the light source 12, the light that returns to the incident side at the scattering portion (backscattered) 14 and the light that is scattered by the liquid crystal resin composite and enters the opposite side of the incident side. The light that is emitted from the background layer, reflected by the background layer, and returns to the incident side (forward wide-angle scattering)15, and the light that is hardly scattered by the liquid crystal resin composite and goes straight and exits to the opposite incident side (small-angle forward scattering) )
Divided into 16 parts. This backscattered light appears as white to the observer, while the small-angle forward scattered light reaches the background layer.
A part of it is not absorbed by the background layer but is reflected, allowing the viewer to visually recognize the color of the background layer. This causes the display to take place.

At this time, by providing a layer with a low refractive index such as an air layer between the background layer 13 and the back surface 17 of the back substrate as shown in FIG. 2, the forward wide-angle scattered light can also be scattered at a large angle. The light that reaches the surface of the back side of the back side substrate is totally reflected, enters the liquid crystal resin composite, is scattered again at the scattering part, and a part of it comes out to the viewer side. Therefore, the backscattered light and the forward wide-angle scattered light serve to make the display appear white as they are, so that the degree of whiteness is improved. In other words, the white part is brighter (
It becomes visible.

In the present invention, since scattering properties are improved, the proportion of this backscattered light increases, and the total proportion of forward wide-angle scattered light and small-angle forward scattered light decreases.

On the other hand, in the transparent part, most of the light passes through and reaches the background layer, and the light is either absorbed (black) or partially reflected, allowing the viewer to see the color of the non-absorbing part.

As a result, only the part to which voltage is applied appears blackish or a certain color, and the other parts appear white.

[Example] Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples.

Comparative Example 1 62 wt% of liquid crystal (rE-8J manufactured by BDH Co., Ltd.) and 62 wt% of acrylic oligomer (rM-1200J manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Co., Ltd.)
) 22 wt %, a 16 wt % mixture of equal amounts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and benzyl acrylate as acrylic monomers, and a solution in which 1 wt % of "Darocur-1) 16" manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd. was added as a photocuring initiator. was injected into a glass substrate cell with ITO having a cell gap of 20 μm, and the injection hole was sealed.

This was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 30 seconds to cure the liquid crystal resin composite, thereby producing a liquid crystal display element.

The average particle diameter R of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal resin composite of the produced liquid crystal display element was about 0.87 μm, and A indicating the amount of operable liquid crystal was 0.52.

The stimulus value (Y) indicating whiteness during scattering (when the voltage was off) of this liquid crystal display element was 14.5.

This element achieved a transmittance of 80% by applying AC 30V (50Hz).

Example 1 The average particle size R of the liquid crystal of a device prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the acrylic monomer was changed to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate alone was about 0.46 μm, and the amount of liquid crystal that can be operated was The A shown was 0.47.

The stimulus value (Y) indicating whiteness during scattering (when voltage is off) of this liquid crystal display element was 18.2, which was superior to Comparative Example 1 in whiteness.

By applying AC30V (5(II(Z)), this element
A transmittance of 80%, which is equivalent to that of Comparative Example 1, was achieved, and no difference was observed in driving.

Example 2 The average particle diameter R of the liquid crystal of a device prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the acrylic monomer was changed to a mixture of equal amounts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyacrylate was approximately 0. .51 μm, and A, which indicates the amount of liquid crystal that can be operated, was 0.71.

The stimulus value (Y) indicating whiteness during scattering (when the voltage is off) of this liquid crystal display element was 19.4, which was superior to Example 1 in whiteness.

By applying AC30V (50) fz), the Kono element
A transmittance of 80%, which is equivalent to that of Comparative Example 1, was achieved, and no difference was observed in driving.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 1, the amount of liquid crystal was 50 wt%, and the acrylic monomer was 28 wt% of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate alone.
%, the average particle diameter R of the liquid crystal of the device produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was about 0.21 μm, and A, which indicates the amount of liquid crystal that can be operated, was 0.34. The stimulus value (Y) indicating whiteness during scattering (when voltage is off) is 1). 5, and the whiteness was inferior to that of the examples.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The liquid crystal display element of the present invention uses a liquid crystal resin composite in which liquid crystal is dispersed and held in a resin matrix between substrates with electrodes, and which electrically controls the scattering state and the transmitting state. Therefore, there is no need for a polarizing plate, and the transmittance of light during transmission can be greatly improved, and 0.4≦A
≦1.0, and by setting the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal dispersed and held in the resin matrix to 0.3 to 0.6 μm,
It is possible to improve scattering properties. Therefore, a bright display is possible, and a display with a design that cannot be obtained with conventional TN type liquid crystal display devices or GH type liquid crystal display devices based on white can be obtained. In particular, when used as a reflective display device, display with good whiteness can be achieved.

In addition, problems such as alignment treatment such as rubbing, which is essential for TN-type liquid crystal display elements, and destruction of electrodes and alignment due to generation of static electricity associated with it can be avoided, so the manufacturing yield of liquid crystal display elements can be significantly improved.

Furthermore, since this liquid crystal resin composite is in the form of a film after curing, problems such as short circuits between substrates due to pressurization of the substrates and destruction of electrodes and alignment due to movement of spacers are less likely to occur.

Further, this liquid crystal resin composite has a resistivity equivalent to that in the conventional TN mode, and does not require large power consumption as in the conventional DS mode.

Furthermore, since the alignment film forming process can be removed from the manufacturing process of conventional TN mode liquid crystal display elements, production is easy.

Further, a liquid crystal display element using this liquid crystal resin composite also has a feature of short response time. Furthermore, since the electro-optical characteristics (voltage-transmittance) of this liquid crystal display element are relatively smooth compared to those of a TN mode liquid crystal display element, it can be easily applied to gradation display.

In addition to this, the present invention can be applied in various other ways as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the basic structure of a liquid crystal display element of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. Liquid crystal display element = 1.1) Substrate: 2, 3 Electrode = 4.5 Liquid crystal resin composite = 6

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy is dispersed and held in a resin matrix between the electrode-attached substrates so that the refractive index of the resin matrix almost matches the ordinary refractive index (n_0) of the liquid crystal used. In a liquid crystal display element formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal resin composite, the dielectric constant (ε_O
_N), dielectric constant of liquid crystal resin composite measured below the threshold voltage of liquid crystal (ε_O_F_F), dielectric constant anisotropy of liquid crystal (Δε), amount of liquid crystal used during device creation (L (wt%))
In the following equation (1), the relationship is 0.4≦A≦1.0
▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (1) A liquid crystal display element characterized in that the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal dispersed and held in the resin matrix is 0.3 to 0.6 μm. (2) The resin used in the liquid crystal resin composite of claim 1 is
1. A liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal resin composite which is a photocurable vinyl resin and is obtained by irradiating a solution in which a liquid crystal and the resin are uniformly dissolved and curing the resin. (3) A liquid crystal display device characterized in that a light source is disposed obliquely on the same side as the viewer of the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2.