JPH0451040B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0451040B2 JPH0451040B2 JP59095018A JP9501884A JPH0451040B2 JP H0451040 B2 JPH0451040 B2 JP H0451040B2 JP 59095018 A JP59095018 A JP 59095018A JP 9501884 A JP9501884 A JP 9501884A JP H0451040 B2 JPH0451040 B2 JP H0451040B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- expiratory flow
- output
- expiratory
- capacitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001755 vocal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は発声発語に伴う呼気流の発声を検出す
る装置に関するもので、音声認識あるいは言語障
害者の発声訓練等に利用できるものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a device for detecting utterances of expiratory air flow accompanying vocal utterances, and can be used for speech recognition, vocal training for speech-impaired persons, and the like.
従来例の構成とその問題点
発声に伴う呼気流の変化を検出することは、破
裂音、摩擦音等の音韻を認識するための基本的要
素技術であるのみならず、言語障害者の発声訓練
の上からも非常に重要なことである。従来、発声
に伴う呼気流を検出する方法としては、熱線式流
量計等を用いる方法がある。熱線式流量計は原理
的には高温に熱せられた細いプラチナやダングス
テン線に気流があたつた場合、熱線が気流の速度
に比例して強制冷却され温度が下がり抵抗が小さ
くなることを利用する方法で、回路構成が複雑で
高価でありまた、４ミクロン〜10ミクロンという
細い金属線を使用しているため、水滴の付加など
で非常に切れ易く取り扱いが不便なため一般的に
は余り使用されていない。Configuration of conventional examples and their problems Detecting changes in expiratory air flow accompanying vocalization is not only a basic elemental technology for recognizing phonemes such as plosives and fricatives, but also a useful method for vocal training for speech-impaired people. This is very important from the top. Conventionally, as a method for detecting the expiratory air flow accompanying vocalization, there is a method using a hot wire flowmeter or the like. The principle of a hot wire flowmeter is that when airflow hits a thin platinum or dungsten wire heated to a high temperature, the hot wire is forcibly cooled in proportion to the speed of the airflow, lowering its temperature and reducing its resistance. This method has a complicated circuit configuration and is expensive, and since it uses a thin metal wire of 4 to 10 microns, it is very easy to break due to the addition of water droplets and is inconvenient to handle, so it is not generally used. Not yet.
発明の目的
本発明は上記欠点に鑑み、小型かつ安価で取扱
いの容易な呼気流検出装置を提供することを目的
とする。OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION In view of the above drawbacks, it is an object of the present invention to provide an exhalation flow detection device that is small, inexpensive, and easy to handle.
発明の構成
本発明は発声発語に伴う呼気流の変化を、コン
デンサ型呼気流検出器を用いて検出し、かつ基準
線のドリフトを定期的に補正するように構成した
ものである。Configuration of the Invention The present invention is configured to detect changes in exhalation flow accompanying vocalization using a capacitor-type expiration flow detector, and to periodically correct the drift of the reference line.
実施例の説明
以下本発明の一実施例について、図面を参照し
ながら説明する。第１図は本発明の一実施例を示
すブロツク図である。第１図において、１は発声
に伴う呼気流を検出するコンデンサ型呼気流検出
器であり、例えば一般のエレクトレツトコンデン
サマイクロホンを利用できる。２は高入力インピ
ーダンスのインピーダンス変換回路で例えば
FET回路で構成される。３はコンデンサ型呼気
流検出器１の出力を低インピーダンスで接地する
スイツチ回路で、リードリレー又はFETを利用
したアナログスイツチ及び抵抗等で構成される。
４は呼気流出力の有無を判定する呼気流有無判定
回路で、例えば比較回路等で容易に構成される。
５はタイマー回路で一定時間間隔のパルス信号を
発声する。６はスイツチ回路３を駆動するスイツ
チ駆動回路で、呼気流有無判定回路４の出力とタ
イマー回路５の出力により、呼気流出力の無い時
にパルスを発声しスイツチ回路３を駆動し、基準
線の補正を行う。DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a capacitor-type expiratory flow detector for detecting the expiratory flow associated with vocalization, and for example, a general electric condenser microphone can be used. 2 is a high input impedance impedance conversion circuit, for example
Consists of FET circuit. 3 is a switch circuit that grounds the output of the capacitor-type expiratory flow detector 1 with low impedance, and is composed of an analog switch using a reed relay or FET, a resistor, and the like.
Reference numeral 4 denotes an exhalation flow presence/absence determination circuit for determining the presence or absence of exhalation outflow output, which can be easily configured with, for example, a comparison circuit.
5 is a timer circuit which emits pulse signals at fixed time intervals. Reference numeral 6 denotes a switch drive circuit that drives the switch circuit 3. Based on the output of the expiratory flow presence determination circuit 4 and the output of the timer circuit 5, a pulse is emitted when there is no expiratory flow output, and the switch circuit 3 is driven to correct the reference line. I do.
以上のように構成された呼気流検出装置につい
て、以下その動作を説明する。 The operation of the exhalation flow detection device configured as described above will be described below.
第２図に「パ」と発声した時の呼気流波形を示
す。一般に「パ」、「タ」、「カ」など破裂音は口唇
や舌で口腔内に呼気の閉鎖を作つて一気にそれを
開放する時に生ずる音であるから呼気流波形は急
激な立ち上りと後続母音部でのゆるやかな減少を
見せる。また摩擦音では口腔内でせばめを作り、
そこを呼気が通る時に生ずる音であるので破裂音
とは異なり、ゆつくりとした呼気流の上昇と減少
を示す。これらの呼気流信号は音声信号と異な
り、周波数的には0.1Hz〜10Hz近辺の非常に低い
周波数の信号である。このため、呼気流信号をエ
レクトレツトコンデンサマイクロホンのような検
出器で検出した場合、エレクトレツトコンデンサ
マイクロホンの出力インピーダンスが20〜30PF
と非常に高いため、0.1Hzまで減衰を少なく検出
するためには高い入力インピーダンスを持つ回路
でインピーダンス変換する必要がある。第３図ａ
にエレクトレツトコンデンサマイクとインピーダ
ンス変換回路２としてFETを使用した例を示す。
この回路を等価回路で示したのが第３図ｂであ
る。第３図ｂのように、エレクトレツトコンデン
サマイクロホンは等価的に信号源と容量Ｃを持つ
たコンデンサが直列に接続された回路に、インピ
ーダンス変換回路２は入力抵抗Ｒを持つ回路に置
き換えることができ、回路的には一次の高域通過
型フイルターということができる。第４図に上記
Ｃ，Ｒをτ＝C.Rと置いた時の周波数特性を示
す。第４図より、0.1Hzまで、ほぼ平坦な周波数
特性を得るためにはτ＝１以上は必要であり、例
えば、一般的にエレクトレツトコンデンサマイク
ロホンの容量は20〜30PF（２〜３×10-11Ｆ）で
あるので入力容量は少なくとも1011Ω程度は必要
である。また、このように高い入力インピーダン
スを持つと、インピーダンス変換回路２からの漏
れ電流や、回路の他の部分からの静電結合によ
り、DCレベルの変動が起り易いため、定期的に
入力インピーダンスを下げることにより、常に基
準線を一定に保つためのインスト処理を行う必要
がある。ただし、上記インスト処理は、呼気流入
力が存在し出力レベルが高い時に行うと、インス
ト処理によりその出力レベルが基準線となるた
め、呼気流の入力が無くなつた時、出力はマイナ
ス側に振れることになる。 FIG. 2 shows the expiratory flow waveform when the person utters "pa". In general, plosive sounds such as "pa,""ta," and "ka" are sounds that are produced when the lips and tongue close the expiratory air in the oral cavity and release it all at once, so the expiratory flow waveform has a sharp rise and a subsequent vowel. There is a gradual decline in the number of Also, for fricative sounds, a narrowing is created in the oral cavity,
This is the sound produced when exhaled air passes through the air, so it differs from a plosive sound and indicates the slow rise and fall of the exhaled airflow. These exhalation flow signals are different from voice signals and have very low frequencies in the vicinity of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz. Therefore, when the exhalation flow signal is detected by a detector such as an electret condenser microphone, the output impedance of the electret condenser microphone is 20 to 30PF.
This is extremely high, so in order to detect less attenuation down to 0.1Hz, it is necessary to convert the impedance using a circuit with a high input impedance. Figure 3a
shows an example of using an electret condenser microphone and FET as the impedance conversion circuit 2.
FIG. 3b shows an equivalent circuit of this circuit. As shown in Figure 3b, the electret condenser microphone can be equivalently replaced with a circuit in which a signal source and a capacitor with a capacitance C are connected in series, and the impedance conversion circuit 2 can be replaced with a circuit with an input resistance R. In circuit terms, it can be said to be a first-order high-pass filter. FIG. 4 shows the frequency characteristics when the above C and R are set as τ=CR. From Figure 4, in order to obtain a nearly flat frequency characteristic up to 0.1Hz, τ = 1 or more is required.For example, the capacity of an electret condenser microphone is generally 20 to 30PF (2 to 3 11 F), the input capacitance must be at least about 10 11 Ω. Also, with such a high input impedance, DC level fluctuations are likely to occur due to leakage current from the impedance conversion circuit 2 and capacitive coupling from other parts of the circuit, so the input impedance must be lowered periodically. Therefore, it is necessary to perform instrument processing to keep the reference line constant. However, if the above instrumental processing is performed when expiratory flow input is present and the output level is high, the output level will become the reference line due to the instrumental processing, so when the expiratory flow input disappears, the output will swing to the negative side. It turns out.
第５図を例としてこの現象を説明する。第５図
ａは呼気流によりエレクトレツトコンデンサマイ
クロホンの振動膜７が固定電極８の方へ押され、
そのため、プラスの出力が出ている状態を示して
いる。この状態でインスト処理を行うと第５図ｂ
のように出力が基準線まで下がることになる。よ
つて、引き続き呼気流の入力がある場合、第５図
ｃのように基準線を中心として出力が現れること
になり、呼気流の入力が無くなり、振動膜７が元
の状態にもどると、出力は逆にマイナスの方向に
振れることになる。このような現象を防ぐため、
本発明の呼気流検出装置では、呼気流の有無を呼
気流有無判定回路４で判定し、呼気流の無い時の
みタイマー回路５のパルスによりスイツチ回路３
をオンにして基準線補正を行うスイツチ駆動回路
６を設けることにより、基準線の変動のない呼気
流検出装置を実現している。呼気流有無判定回路
４は呼気流による出力とDCレベルの変動による
出力との相違を、前者の出力の変化は後者のDC
レベルの変動よりもずつと早いことを利用して、
微分回路と比較回路の組み合せにより容易に判定
することができる。 This phenomenon will be explained using FIG. 5 as an example. FIG. 5a shows that the vibrating membrane 7 of the electret condenser microphone is pushed toward the fixed electrode 8 by the expiratory flow.
Therefore, it shows a state in which a positive output is being output. If you perform the installation process in this state, Figure 5b
The output will drop to the reference line as shown below. Therefore, if there is still an input of exhalation flow, the output will appear centered around the reference line as shown in Figure 5c, and when the input of expiration flow disappears and the vibrating membrane 7 returns to its original state, the output will change. On the contrary, it will swing in the negative direction. To prevent this kind of phenomenon,
In the expiratory flow detection device of the present invention, the presence or absence of expiratory flow is determined by the expiratory flow presence determination circuit 4, and only when there is no expiratory flow, the switch circuit 3 is activated by the pulse of the timer circuit 5.
By providing a switch drive circuit 6 that turns on the switch drive circuit 6 and performs reference line correction, an expiratory flow detection device without fluctuations in the reference line is realized. The expiratory flow presence/absence determination circuit 4 detects the difference between the output due to expiratory flow and the output due to fluctuations in the DC level.
Taking advantage of the fact that it is faster than the level fluctuation,
This can be easily determined by a combination of a differentiation circuit and a comparison circuit.
発明の効果
以上のように本発明によれば、呼気流を検出す
るコンデンサ型呼気流検出器と、高い出力インピ
ーダンスを持つコンデンサ型呼気流検出器の出力
を低い周波数帯まで減衰することなく増幅するこ
とのできる十分高い入力インピーダンスを持つた
インピーダンス変換回路と、前記コンデンサ型呼
気流検出器の出力を低インピーダンスで短絡する
スイツチ回路と、呼気流の有無を判定する呼気流
有無判定回路と、一定の間隔でパルス信号を発す
るタイマー回路と、前記呼気流有無判定回路の出
力から呼気流の無い時に前記タイマー回路のパル
ス出力により前記スイツチ回路をオンさせるスイ
ツチ駆動回路を設けることにより、基準線を定期
的に補正することができ、発声に伴う呼気流の変
化を正確に検出することができ、従来の熱線式流
量計を用いる方法よりも、小型かつ安価で取り扱
いが簡易な呼気流検出装置を提供することができ
る。Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the output of a capacitor-type expiratory flow detector that detects expiratory flow and a capacitor-type expiratory flow detector that has high output impedance can be amplified without attenuation to a low frequency band. an impedance conversion circuit that has a sufficiently high input impedance that can be used as By providing a timer circuit that emits a pulse signal at intervals, and a switch drive circuit that turns on the switch circuit by the pulse output of the timer circuit when there is no expiratory flow from the output of the expiratory flow presence determination circuit, the reference line can be set periodically. To provide an expiratory flow detection device that is smaller, cheaper, and easier to handle than a method using a conventional hot-wire flowmeter, which can correct the expiratory flow rate and accurately detect changes in the expiratory flow accompanying vocalization. be able to.
第１図は本発明の呼気流検出装置の一実施例を
示すブロツク図、第２図は破裂音「パ」と発声し
た時の呼気流の波形図、第３図ａ，ｂは本発明の
一実施例における呼気流検出のためのコンデンサ
マイクロホンとインピーダンス変換回路の周波数
特性を説明するための具体回路図及び等価回路
図、第４図は第３図の等価回路図の周波数特性
図、第５図は本発明の構成要素を説明するための
動作説明図である。
１……コンデンサ型呼気流検出器、２……イン
ピーダンス変換回路、３……スイツチ回路、４…
…呼気流有無検出回路、５……タイマー回路、６
……スイツチ駆動回路。
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the expiratory flow detection device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of the expiratory air flow when the plosive sound “pa” is uttered, and Figs. A specific circuit diagram and an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining the frequency characteristics of a condenser microphone and an impedance conversion circuit for expiratory flow detection in one embodiment, FIG. 4 is a frequency characteristic diagram of the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 3, and FIG. The figure is an operation explanatory diagram for explaining the constituent elements of the present invention. 1... Capacitor type expiratory flow detector, 2... Impedance conversion circuit, 3... Switch circuit, 4...
... Expiratory flow presence/absence detection circuit, 5... Timer circuit, 6
...Switch drive circuit.
Claims (1)
と、このコンデンサ型呼気流検出器の出力を入力
とするインピーダンス変換回路と、前記コンデン
サ型呼気流検出器の出力を低インピーダンスで短
絡するスイツチ回路と、前記インピーダンス変換
回路の出力を入力とし呼気流の有無を判定する呼
気流有無判定回路と、一定の時間間隔でパルスを
発生するタイマー回路と、前記呼気流有無判定回
路により呼気流が無と判定されたときに前記タイ
マー回路の出力により前記スイツチ回路を駆動す
るスイツチ駆動回路とを備えたことを特徴とする
呼気流検出装置。1. A capacitor-type expiratory flow detector that detects expiratory flow, an impedance conversion circuit that receives the output of the capacitor-type expiratory flow detector as input, and a switch circuit that short-circuits the output of the capacitor-type expiratory flow detector with a low impedance. , an expiratory flow presence/absence determination circuit that receives the output of the impedance conversion circuit as input and determines the presence or absence of expiratory flow; a timer circuit that generates pulses at regular time intervals; and an expiratory flow presence/absence determination circuit that determines that there is no expiratory flow. an expiratory flow detection device comprising: a switch drive circuit that drives the switch circuit based on the output of the timer circuit when the expiratory flow detection device is activated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59095018A JPS60238899A (en) | 1984-05-11 | 1984-05-11 | Breathing flow detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59095018A JPS60238899A (en) | 1984-05-11 | 1984-05-11 | Breathing flow detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60238899A JPS60238899A (en) | 1985-11-27 |
| JPH0451040B2 true JPH0451040B2 (en) | 1992-08-17 |
Family
ID=14126293
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59095018A Granted JPS60238899A (en) | 1984-05-11 | 1984-05-11 | Breathing flow detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60238899A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007171637A (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-07-05 | Toshiba Tec Corp | Voice processor |
-
1984
- 1984-05-11 JP JP59095018A patent/JPS60238899A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60238899A (en) | 1985-11-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Stevens et al. | A miniature accelerometer for detecting glottal waveforms and nasalization | |
| Lieberman et al. | Determination of the rate of change of fundamental frequency with respect to subglottal air pressure during sustained phonation | |
| US7529670B1 (en) | Automatic speech recognition system for people with speech-affecting disabilities | |
| Flege | Laryngeal timing and phonation onset in utterance-initial English stops | |
| Hutchinson et al. | The effect of metronome pacing on selected aerodynamic patterns of stuttered speech: Some preliminary observations and interpretations | |
| Higgins et al. | Articulatory changes with short-term deactivation of the cochlear implants of two prelingually deafened children | |
| JPS6129000B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0451040B2 (en) | ||
| Garnier et al. | Efforts and coordination in the production of bilabial consonants | |
| Traill | Pulmonic control, nasal venting, and aspiration in Khoisan languages | |
| JPS63175897A (en) | Breathing flow detector | |
| GB2102171A (en) | Speech aiding apparatus and method | |
| Demolin et al. | Whispery voiced nasal stops in rwanda. | |
| JPH036519B2 (en) | ||
| JPS63175898A (en) | Breathing flow detector | |
| JPH036520B2 (en) | ||
| Ashby | Articulatory possibilities for implosives | |
| JPS6260717B2 (en) | ||
| JPS6126100A (en) | Breathing current detector | |
| JPH0659621A (en) | Vocal training device | |
| JPH0139600B2 (en) | ||
| Stevens | The Use of Miniature Accelerometer for Detecting Glottal Waveforms and Nasality. | |
| Nihalani | In defence of implosives | |
| JPS636600A (en) | Nasal detector | |
| JPH034919B2 (en) |