JPH04504891A - spherical rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] spherical rotary machine field of invention The present invention relates to the field of machines with rotary pistons, these machines , suitable for use in internal combustion engines, steam engines, compressors, pumps and similar equipment. It is something that More specifically, the present invention relates to those having a spherical shape. related.

Background of the invention Reciprocating pistons, pumps and compressors require conversion of linear motion into circular motion or vice versa. Essential. As a result, there is energy lost and vibrations often associated with reciprocating motion. happens. In addition, reciprocating piston type machines require a camshaft, reciprocating valve (recipr) ocating valves), timing gear series, and other accessories. goods are required.

A rotating piston machine that can flow a constant amount of power almost continuously has been developed. There is. Hopkins (Uα1ns) U.S. Patent No. 2097881, Camperu No. 3439654 of Jr. No. 3799126, and L.E. (Meyman) No. 4324537. As shown, rotating pistons are often oval shaped or rounded. It has the shape of an equilateral triangle. In these rotary machines, a rotating piston Because the axes are approximately parallel to each other, the piston essentially moves through space in two dimensions. I am using it. As a result, the shapes of these types of machines are generally cylindrical or has the shape of a rectangular prism.

A spherical piston machine is patented in US Patent No. 4021158 by Bajuraz (■B shout■) Disclosed in the issue. This machine features a partially spherical chamber wall and two It has a spherical piston placed in a chamber containing the element. each of the two elements are fixed at an angle to the control axle, thereby aligning the machine with the longitudinal axis. Form.

The two elements of the spherical piston are joined at a zone extending perpendicular to each control axle. ing. As well as driving each control axle to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the machine , for driving at least one of the control axles in rotation about its own axis. There are means available. The machine shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,158 is It includes a frame structure that supports a connected external gear system.

Summary of the invention The spherical rotary machine of the present invention can be used with pumps, internal combustion engines, compressors and other similar equipment. Although it can be implemented as an artificial heart pump, it is particularly suitable for use as an artificial heart pump. Like The new spherical rotary machine consists of an outer shell with a spherical inner surface and an outer shell. an inner shell containing a generally spherical outer surface centered within the cell, and an inner and outer shell; and six rotary pistons between the wells. each rotary piss The ton is approximately the same shape as and is located adjacent to the spherical inner surface of the outer shell. The convex spherical surface of the head has approximately the same shape as the spherical outer surface of the inner shell, and is adjacent to the spherical outer surface. and a bottom concave spherical surface located at the bottom. After applying force, each rotary piston is an oval shape substantially formed by radial lines about the center of the interior of the outer shell Contains a conical side surface. Each piston can rotate around its own central axis It is. The six axes of the 6fl piston are centered directly inside the outer shell. ing. The egg-shaped side of any one piston is connected to the four adjacent pistons. contact at least substantially tangentially along a generally radial line with the sides of each oval; , Therefore, all the pistons that are adjacent to each other within 3 m rotate. forming a displacement chamber whose size changes as the temperature increases. The machine has 8 displacement chips each displacement chamber has three displacement chambers forming one chamber. centered equidistant from the axes of adjacent pistons.

This machine consists of a central core placed in the center of the inner shell and a into the two piston gears and the piston support hole, coaxially with the piston center axis. It further includes six extending piston shafts. Each inner shell has one piston It has six openings that are in line with the tongue axis. Coaxially attached to the bottom surface of each piston. A mounted piston gear extends through the opening and into the inner shell. 8 pieces The connecting gears are each rotatably installed between the central core and the inner shell, and These piston gears are rotatably installed between three adjacent piston gears. operably connected to. Therefore, the rotation of any piston causes all The pistons are rotated synchronously in the same direction with the same angular velocity about the internal center of the machine. make it turn Alternatively, a gearing system that rotates the pistons synchronously can be It may be outside. Such a writing structure uses a spherical rotary machine as an engine. This is preferable when it is suitable for all uses.

The oval conical sides of each piston are approximately 180° apart with respect to the central axis of the piston; Two, each inclined at an angle of approximately 54.7356° to the central axis of the piston. including the piston end. Approximately from each piston end with respect to the central axis of the piston At 90°, the conical side of the oval is approximately 35.2 to the central axis of the piston. 644". The oval-shaped conical sides of each piston each have a central axis. two opposing approximately ellipsoids centered at approximately 90° from each end with respect to An embodiment of the heart pump according to the invention preferably comprises a circular conical surface portion. , the oval conical side of each piston connects two cylindrical surface sections to the ends of the piston. This cylindrical surface portion intersects with two opposing elliptical conical surface portions. ing.

Four of the rotary pistons are referred to herein as equatorial pistons. each extending radially inward from the head of the piston and It has a cavity formed concentrically with respect to the central axis of. The machine has a self-contained port For example, when working as an artificial heart pump, a motor is connected to each equatorial piston. It is best if it is placed inside the cavity of the container. The outer shells have their cavities It has four openings located on the outside of the housing, which are closed by fitting the Contains 4 covers. Each motor is installed in one of those covers. It is preferable that it be attached. Several gears from each motor to the adjacent piston It is used to transmit rotational motion to the engine.

Two of the rotary pumps are represented herein as polar pistons. each having an inflow passage forming an inflow orifice and a set of inflow holes. the inlet orifice is formed in a convex spherical surface of the piston head, and the inflow orifice is formed in a convex spherical surface of the piston head and The inlet holes are displacement chambers in which each inlet hole increases in size as the piston rotates. The conical surface of each oval is open near the end so as to face the Similarly, Each pole piston further has an outlet passage defining an outlet orifice and a set of outlet holes. the outflow orifice is formed in a convex spherical surface of the piston head, and the outflow orifice is formed in the convex spherical surface of the piston head; The outflow holes in the piston rotate through a displacement channel in which each outflow hole decreases in size as the piston rotates. Open near the other end of each oval conical face section, facing towards the chamber. ing.

This spherical rotary machine can be realized so that the outer form is spherical can. Therefore, in its embodiment as a pump, the fluids are immiscible. In this way, you can move through the top and bottom halves of the machine separately. Pi For each complete rotation of the stone, the spherical rotary machine sends out four pulses. each pulse is equal to twice the volume of one open displacement chamber. . Therefore, the total displacement per revolution of the piston is approximately 1 of the volume inside the pump. It is 20%.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will become clear from tomorrow.

Brief description of the drawing In the drawing: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred spherical rotary machine embodied as a pump. Ru.

Figure 2 shows a pump inside an analogous cube, indicated by a dashed line. fully open the displacement chamber. Schematic view of a spherical rotary machine with the outer shell removed, looking directly at the It is a schematic perspective view. Alternatives for connecting the piston to gears that interact with the piston As an alternative, a shaft is shown extending outside the piston.

Figure 3 shows the half-open, half-closed displacement chamber rotated 45@ from Figure 2. In a schematic perspective view of a spherical rotor 1/- machine with the outer shell removed, viewed head on. be.

Figure 4 shows a spherical shape with the outer shell removed, looking directly into the closed displacement chamber. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a rotary machine.

Figure 5 shows a spherical rotary machine passing through the axes of the polar and equatorial pistons. FIG. The relative positions of the pistons are as shown in FIG.

Figure 6 is shown in Figure 4 with the piston rotated 45'' from the position shown in Figure 5. , passing through the axis of the polar piston and in a plane 45″ to the axis of the equatorial piston. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a spherical rotary machine.

Figure 7 shows the inner shell with the gear and central core therein and the 1 is a perspective view of a piston with piston gears spaced apart; FIG.

Figure 8 shows how the piston gear and the connecting gear mesh with each other within the inner shell. FIG.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a gear that functions as a piston gear or a connecting gear.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory perspective view of the central core.

FIG. 11 shows three pistons forming a closed displacement chamber between them; Two opposing oval conical surface portions and two cylindrical surface portions of each piston are shown. FIG.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of one end of the piston and the geometry of the piston. This study provides examples of practical considerations.

FIG. 13 is a side view of the apparatus used for manufacturing the piston.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a female mold used to assist in manufacturing the piston.

FIG. 15 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the piston showing the inflow and outflow passages.

FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of the piston showing the inlet and outlet passages.

Description of preferred embodiments Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a spherical rotary machine according to the present invention as a whole. and is indicated by 10. As shown, the preferred spherical rotary machine 10 is , two inflow orifices 11 for receiving blood and a machine 10 through which the blood passes. A heart pump with an outflow orifice 12 exiting from the heart. Figures 5 and 6 are the best. As best shown, the machine 10 includes an outer shell 14 with a spherical inner surface 15. is contained in this shell. The outer shell 14 has four access openings. 16. Piston cover 17 covering and closing four openings 16 and inflow and outflow Orifices 11 and 12 include fluid transfer openings 18 extending therethrough.

As shown schematically in FIGS. 2-4, the machine 10 has two Six identically shaped rotaries with element symmetry (two-fold 5yssetry) - includes pistons 19 and 20. Below the pistons 19 and 20 there is an external shell. an inner shell 2 having a generally spherical outer surface 23 that is concentric with the inner surface 15 of the well 14; There are 2. Thus, the pistons 19 and 20 have two concentric spherical surfaces 15 and 23. are located in between and are oriented in pairs on three orthogonal axes passing through the center of the interior of the machine 10. They are deployed together.

The six pistons are arranged inside the inner shell 22 as shown in FIGS. gears arranged on the outside of the outer shell 14 when considered in FIGS. Since the gear is attached as an external shaft, all six pistons Rotate at the same speed and with the same sense of rotation Ru. Between the six pistons there is a minimum volume and an excess volume during the rotation of pistons 19 and 20. A positive displacement chamber 25 is formed which pulsates between a large volume. There are 8 spaces. Each displacement chamber 25 has a spherical inner surface 15 and a spherical outer surface 2. 3, and three adjacent ones that are in tangential contact or nearly contact with each other at all times during rotation. formed by the oval conical side surface 26 of the rotary piston 19 or 20 I can put it in. In heart pumps, the material forming the piston 19 or 20 itself is currently The term ``at least approximately touching'' has changed over time because there is no actual contact. used instead of the word "contact". In heart pumps, the piston 19 or 20 is a bio-coating with a rough surface, and Endothelial lining formed by the blood itself It may have a double layer called ining) or intravascular 1 [(Intima). preferable. Further details regarding these layers are provided below.

The oval conical side surface 26 of each piston 19 or 20 has a spherical inner surface 15 and a spherical inner surface 15. is chamfered by the outer surface 23 of It is substantially formed from an oval cone with a logical tip. The oval cone is During rotation, each piston 19 or 20 is tangentially connected to all its neighboring pistons. This is determined by the condition that the person must be in constant or almost constant contact with the person.

However, the degree of elongation of the oval cross section is You can choose between the extremes of a circular shape and a circular shape. Extreme that is almond shaped case results in a minimum displacement volume of 0, resulting in a maximum displacement effect.

In the extreme case of a circle, there is a displacement chamber of constant size between the pistons 19 or 20. There is no positive displacement effect to bring about the bar. Select one that is close to almond shape. It is preferable that the sharp end is Avoid having end faces that touch each other tangentially to better seal between the end faces. Ru.

Figures 2 to 4 show the outer shell of one displacement chamber 25 viewed head on. The spherical rotary machine 10 is shown with 14 removed. As shown in Figure 2, Displacement chamber 25 is open to its maximum size. In Figure 3, the displacement Chamber 25 is open to a medium size. In Figure 4, displacement chamber 2 5 is its minimum size. As shown, the position of the piston 19 or 2o is , similar to the surface of the cube 28 shown by the dashed line, and the displacement chamber 25 is similar to the surface of the cube 28 shown by the dashed line. Located in a similar position to the corner.

The four pistons 19 are called equatorial pistons and are located on the same plane within the equatorial plane. It has a central axis of The other two pistons 20 are called pole pistons and are jointly It has an axis of Of the eight displacement chambers 25, four are located above the equatorial plane. , and four are located substantially below the equatorial plane. 6 pistons 19 and 2 0 all have virtually the same external shape, but are internally formed differently and have different functions. I do. Each piston 19 or 20 is substantially identical to the spherical inner surface 14 of the outer shell 14. It has the same shape and includes a convex spherical head surface 3o located adjacent to its inner surface. Piss The tons 19 or 20 are also each approximately radial to a point near the center of the machine 10. It includes an oval-shaped conical side surface 26 that is substantially bounded by a line segment. each The piston 19 or 20 has approximately the same shape as the spherical outer surface 23 of the inner shell 22. , including a bottom concave spherical surface 31 located adjacent to its outer surface, whereby each piston 19 or 20 oval conical side surfaces 26 are chamfered. Inflow and outflow orifices The holes 11 and 12 pass from the convex spherical head surface 30 of the pole piston 20 to the outer shell 14. It's open.

Each piston 19 or 20 is rotatable about its own central axis. 2nd no As shown in Figure 4, the six axes are gathered perpendicularly to the center of the interior. piston When 19 or 20 rotates, the oval side surface 26 of each piston 19 or 20 is approximately radial to the oval side surface 26 of each of the four adjacent pistons 19 or 20. substantially touching or almost touching tangentially along the line, so that everything touches each other; Every three pistons 19 or 20 forming a displacement chamber 25 between them are substantially identical parts of their oval sides 26 bounded by radial line segments; have a minute. In other words, each piston forming one displacement chamber 25 Said parts of the chamber 19 or 20 are always the same; they are the parts of the chamber 25. As the size changes, it changes at the same time. three adjacent pistons 19 or 2 A substantially identical portion of the oval side surface 26 of the Then, the displacement chamber 25 changes in size from the minimum size to the maximum size. form into reality. Each displacement chamber 25 forms one chamber 25 It is centrally located equidistant from the axis of three adjacent pistons 19 or 20.

As shown in FIG. 5, the angles of critical importance in the construction of the machine 10 are Between the solid diagonal (body diagonal) and the edge of the cube (ed ge) and the angle α between them, i.e. α=54.7356'. An equally important angle is α of The angle β is equal to the complementary angle 35.2644'. Referring to Figure 12, the extreme For pointed end pistons, which is the case, each piston 19 or 20 is Along a line inclined at 54.7356° with respect to piston 19 or 20, adjacent pistons It is in contact with the oval conical side 26 of the stone 19 or 20. In Figure 12, Such a line is represented by a line passing through point G and perpendicular to the plane of the figure, which points on the displacement channel. indicates where all three pointed pistons would come into contact if the bar was closed. There are also.

However, the preferred piston 19 or 20 has an angle of approximately 180°M about the axis. The two ends 32 are rounded. Piston A in Figure 11 is a polar piston. Yes 20, while pistons B and C and two pistons in the pond (not shown) have four pistons. This is the equatorial piston 19. Displacement formed by pistons A, B and C The chamber is closed. In the closed position, as shown in both Figures 11 and 12. The rounded end of piston 19 or 20 in position therefore corresponds to FIGS. 11 and 12. It comes into contact with the other piston 19 or 20 at the line which exits and extends substantially upward.

The wire has an oval conical side surface 26 of the piston 19 or 20 with a rounded end as shown in FIG. For schematic pistons A, B and C, denoted by ax, azx, bz and bXX It is divided into four parts. Part a is circular and represents a cylindrical surface part a. ing. On the other hand, the part is a symmetrically elliptical conical surface part. For "elliptical" The term is widely used to include other curves that are apparently analogous or similar to the lizard curve. There is. During rotation, the point of every part a is the part of the adjacent piston 19 or 20. Make contact only with the points on the surface. In fact, each point of part a contacts only a particular point of part a. Ru. In addition, the V# word for ``1 point'' used with reference to Figures 11 and 12 is currently It actually shows a line extending upward through the drawing. Thus, part a of piston A At each point of X^, there is a point brcO of the piston C and a point bxs of the piston B. and also two other adjacent pistons 19 or 20 not shown in FIG. The two points are corresponding. Similarly, the point of the part atX^ is the part b rxs and the part b! Corresponds to the xcO point. As a result, the curve of part a is similar to that of the adjacent piston. gives rise to a dividing curve, but the reverse is also true.

The manufacturer of these pistons 19 or 2o has a certain degree of control over the selection of curve a or b. have freedom In the extreme case of a piston with a pointed end, the two The part becomes a point, actually a line G. with a circular cross section, which is the other extreme case. In such pistons, the conical side surface 26 of each piston becomes a rounded cone.

For reasons of ease of manufacture, it is practical to choose the shape of part a as a part of a cylinder. It is useful. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the end 32 of the piston 19 or 20 A portion a forming a section is shown to have a radius r centered at C in the cross section. Big Using Kina r is said to have a better tangential seal. The advantage is that the piston is easier to manufacture, but the pump displacement This brings about the inconvenience of being small. The decrease in pump displacement is shown in Figure 12 as follows: This can be determined from the displacement S = 0.1547 r. With preferred machine 10 Since r is chosen to be 6.35 degrees, as seen in Figures 5 and 6, and S=0.982-1.

Moreover, the piston with a pointed end is at an angle of 5 with respect to the central axis of the piston 19 or 20. It has an oval conical side with an end formed at 4.7358'. for example, If the ends of the piston 2o shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are rounded, those ends will be It extends to an interrupted line G forming an angle α with the central axis of the piston 20. Similarly, at the end A pointed piston can be used at 90° from either end to the central axis of the piston. , angle β, 35.2644' has an oval-shaped conical surface inclined.

Therefore, in Figures 5 and 6, the interrupted line G represents the oval cone of the piston with a pointed end. How wide does the shaped surface extend at approximately 90° from either end of the piston 19? It also shows that. As shown, in FIG. An angle β: 35.2644@ is formed with respect to the central axis.

A preferred piston 19 or 20 does not have a pointed end, but instead has a rounded end. 32, the pistons 19 and 20 are. Therefore, piston 19 or 2 The angle that the end 32 of 0 forms with the center axis remains 54.2644", but 6, and shifted by distance #S as illustrated in FIG. 12. Similarly, eggs The angle formed by the conical surface 26 of the shape at approximately 90@ from either end 32 is It remains at 35.2644° to the central axis of ton 19 or 20, but the distance S ke shift.

Thus, as shown in Figures 5.6.11 and 12, the preferred spherical rotary Thin 10 is centered about 900 degrees from both ends 32 with respect to the central axis. each having an oval conical side surface 26, each comprising two opposing oval conical surface portions. The piston 19 or 20 has a piston 19 or 20. In addition, the piston 19 or 20 The oval conical side surface 26 of the piston has two cylindrical surface sections at the end 32 of each piston. a, and this cylindrical surface portion a also has two opposing surfaces extending therebetween. It intersects with the elliptical conical surface. Two circles for each piston 19 or 20 The cylindrical surface portion a is shaped like an ellipse of the other piston 19 or 20 when the piston rotates. The conical surface of the surface contacts only or mostly.

FIG. A cross-sectional view is shown. The position of piston 19 or 20 is The bars 25 are of the same size, i.e. they are half open and half closed as shown in FIG. It's in a position that makes you feel like you're standing there. The equatorial pistons 19 pass through their narrowest part The pole pistons 20 are cut through their widest parts.

Pistons 19 and 20 have rounded ends 32 so that pistons 19 and 20 , contact at line 32 shifted by about 11 hazes from the interrupted line G. On the other hand, piston 19 and 20 have pointed ends, the pistons 19 and 20 will move along line G. Contact me.

FIG. The displacement chamber in cross-section in the plane, i.e. at the location of the stone as shown in FIG. 25 shows a cross-sectional view through the center of FIG. In addition, the piston 19 shown in FIG. 20 has been rotated by 45° from the position shown in FIG. of the upper pole piston 20 The widest cross section is shown again. The double chain line 58 is within the plane of the cross-sectional view. The six pairs of equatorial pistons 19 are in contact with each other and approximately near the end of the upper pole piston 20. A displacement chamber forming a closed displacement chamber 25 and open below the double-dashed line 58 25 is shown. The narrowest cross section of the lower pole piston 20 is the sixth As shown in the figure. adjacent to the lower pole piston 2o and extending upwardly to the double chain line 58; There are two open displacement chambers 25.

In the embodiment of the machine 1o as a heart pump, the outer shell 14 is 108 mm (8.5 inches) and a wall thickness of 2.5 to 3 inches. outside The upper half of the shell 14 is made slightly thicker than the lower half; In the lower half of the outer shell 14, which replaces the ventricle and acts as the right ventricle. This is because it must withstand a pressure difference of 120 mm Hg-, which is six times higher than the pressure difference between be. The two hemispheres are joined at the equator 34 with a staggered joint, as shown in Figure 6. The piston cover is preferably screwed on as shown in Figures 1 and 5. They are held together by bars 17.

In the embodiment of the machine 10 as a heart pump, the inner shell 22 has a diameter of 38 mm ( having an outside diameter of 1.5 inches) and a wall thickness of approximately 2 sll (80 mils). Typical. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the inner shell has blood around the equator 36. It is formed from two hemispheres with a leak-tight staggered joint. inner shell 2 2 is the six piston gears shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, the connecting gear of 81II, and the center core. It serves as a gearbox including the gearbox 50. In Figure 6, eight connecting gears 4 4 of 1 are shown in cross section. The other four connection gears 41 are paired It lies above and below the plane of the drawing forming FIG.

The inner shell 22 is secured by bolts 42 to 8, best shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The connecting bevel gears 41 are held together via a connecting gear axle 46. Bo Since the head of the root is located in the center of the displacement chamber 25, it is necessary to cover it with a biological covering. or from biocompatible materials.

Gears 40 and 41 rotate all pistons 19 and 20 in the correct relative phase. power is transmitted from the directly driven equatorial piston 19 to the two pole pistons 20. . Gears 40 and 41 and associated structures move pistons 19 and 20 into machine 10. It serves as a means for rotating in the same direction at the same angular velocity with respect to the center.

Therefore, this gear system causes all pistons to rotate synchronously. 6 pistons A gear 40 is attached to the bottom concave spherical surface 31 of each piston 19 and 20. Therefore, it is coaxial with each piston.

The inner shell 23 has six openings each aligned with the axis of one piston 19 or 20. It has a mouth 44. The pistons 19 and 20 are in position around the inner shell 22. 5.6 and 7, the piston gear 40 passes through the opening 44. and extends into the inner shell 22. Each piston gear 4o thereby has four Each connecting gear 41 meshes symmetrically with adjacent connecting gears 41 of FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, the three adjacent piston gears 40 mesh symmetrically. piston Gear 40 does not mesh with other piston gears 40, and connection gear 41 does not mesh with other piston gears 40. It does not mesh with gear 41. Each equatorial piston 19 and attached gear 40 are , each pole piston 20 and attached gear 40 are mounted on a hollow axle 48. , the axle 47 is arranged on the central core together with the connecting gear 410 and the axle 46. It is fixed within the housing 50.

As shown in FIG. 10, in order to achieve the pump dimensions described above, the central core 50 is Typically, it is formed in a cube 51 with dimensions of side 2a = 16 mm. cube 51 The eight corners are defined to the solid diagonal at a distance si a = 8 m from the center of the cube 51. regularly cut out. This means that the six regular faces that stay in the center of the face of the first cube 51 A square portion 52 is left.

The length of the side of each square portion 52 is 8.28■■, that is, 1.04a. cube The eight faces 53 formed by cutting off the corners of 51 have a height of 9. It has the shape of an equilateral triangle with a chamfer of 8mm = 1.23a. The central core 50 It is centered both inside the thin and inside shell 22. 6 piston car Each of the shafts 47 and 48 extends from the central core 50 to the piston gear 40 and the piston 1. 9 and 20 coaxially with respect to the central axis of the piston.

Eight connecting gears 41 are rotatably installed between the central core 50 and the inner shell 22. Moreover, the piston gears are rotatably installed between three adjacent piston gears 40. Because it is operably connected to the ton gear, any one Rotation of piston 19 or 20 causes rotation of all pistons 19 and 20. Both the piston gear 40 and the connecting gear 41 have a number of teeth N that is a multiple of 6. Should. For smooth operation, the piston gear 4o must be connected to the adjacent connecting gear 4. 1, so as to have alternating positive and negative engagement at the four locations where it engages with number 6. Preferably, N is an odd multiple. Implementation of gears 40 and 41 shown herein In the embodiment, as best shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, N=3x6, so that each Gear 40 or 41 has 18 teeth. Opening angle of each gear 40 or 41 (o pening angle) is equal to a = 54.7356''. Therefore, The gear teeth are inclined at an angle of approximately 27.36786 to the axis of gear 40 or 41. There is. Such gears generally must be specially cut. 1:2 The smaller side of the microphone gear pair only differs by 1.6 degrees from the correct angle 53.1 Having an opening angle of 3° has notable advantages.

The piston 19 or 20 is located in the cavity 56 of the equatorial piston 19. It is driven by two motors 55 (for example, small DC motors). Capite 56 are located radially inwardly from the access opening 16. Each equatorial pin The piston 19 extends radially inward from the head of the piston 19, and It has one cavity 56 concentric with the central axis. placed in one cavity Each motor connected to the -17 is installed. Typical heart pump machine 1 with the dimensions mentioned above The total power required to achieve zero can be less than 4 watts. Each model Preferably, the motor 55 can have an output of about 1.5 watts. Mo The small gear 55 is operably connected to drive the two spur gears 59. 7, and the spur gear is mounted on the piston cover 17 within the bearing. Ru. Around the periphery of the piston cavity 56, a spur gear 59 is operable. There is an inner ring gear 60 connected and driven by a spur gear. small gear 57 has a diameter of about 31, and inner ring gear 60 has a diameter of about 501. There is. In this way, a gear reduction of 16:1 is achieved. will be accomplished. Pulse rate of 40 to 120 per minute (10 to 30 piston RPM) For this reason, the motor rotates at 160-480 RPM.

Motors with even higher rotational speeds may be equipped with additional or different reduction gears (red (guiding gear) may be necessary. The electrical connection between the four motors 55 is , through the central core 50 through the hollow axle 48, and connect four separate conductors to the outside. Passing through the shell 14 can be avoided. The motor 55 has a piston cover -17, so the motor 55 can be installed by simply removing the cover 17. can be removed from the cavity 56. Cover 17 over access opening 16 Setting also closes the cavity 56.

The pole piston 20 has inlet and outlet passages, 62 and 62, best shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. and 63. The inflow passage 62 is a ring that is concentric with respect to the central axis of the piston 20. A round-shaped inflow orifice 11 and a pair of inflow holes 65 are formed. As the ton 2o rotates, each inlet hole 65 lags behind the adjacent end 32. Each ellipsoidal conical surface portion is open near one end 32 so as to extend forward. outflow channel 63 connects the circular outflow orifice 12 to the concave spherical surface 30 of the head of the piston 20. Form. The outflow orifice 11 is circular and concentric with respect to the central axis of the piston 20. be. The outflow passage 63 also forms a set of outflow holes 66, which inflow holes are connected to the piston 20. As the inlet hole 66 rotates counterclockwise, each inlet hole 66 becomes closer to the end portion 32. leadingly near one end 32 of the piston 20 at each cylindrical surface portion a. is open. The inflow hole 65 is located on the elliptical conical surface part 1, while the outflow hole 66 is located within the cylindrical surface portion a, so both the inflow hole 65 and the outflow hole 66 are They will not open within the same displacement chamber 25 at the same time. The inflow hole 65 continues to expand. The outflow hole 66 faces the chamber 25 which is contracting. Ru. Therefore, backflow of blood occurs, that is, blood flows from the aorta to the mitral valve in the atrium. Flowing back into the atrium can be avoided. The inflow path 62 and the outflow path 63 are , not shown in its entirety in FIG.

A typical inlet hole 65 is 301 long by 51 wide and has a treatment area of 1.5 crrf. (throughput area). Therefore, the two inflow holes 65 Both have an opening of 3 cm. This is the mitral valve passageway (witralρas). sage) (approximately 34-1 diameter), and is approximately 30% of the cross section of the Comparable to the opening of the cap valve. The outflow hole 66 has a length of 30 mm and a width of 3.5 mm. cnf cross section, and the two holes 66 give a total area of 2cr+f. Furthermore, This is approximately 30% of the cross section of the aorta (approximately 28 am diameter). Inside the piston 20 At the sides, passages 62 and 63 widen and connect to inlet and outlet holes 65 and 66. Ru. Thus, the inlet hole 65 opens into the expanding chamber 25 and the outlet hole 66 opens into the expanding chamber 25. opens into chamber 25 which is closing. The upper pole piston 20 is located substantially above the equator. The lower pole piston 20 provides four displacement chambers 25 located on the A chamber 25 such as these is provided below the equator.

Displacement chambers above the equator 34 are similar to those below the equator 2 Note that it does not communicate with L/5. Kamigata and the lower chamber 25 are always separated by four equatorial pistons 19. . Therefore, the upper half of the machine 10 and the lower half of the machine are provided with right ventricular function. I can do it. Thus, the upper pole piston 2o connects the aorta in place of the mitral valve. The lower pole piston 20 replaces the tricuspid valve and connects the pulmonary artery connecting portion 6. Supply liquid to 9. Both the upper and lower halves of the machine 10 receive equal pulses. Discharge the volume.

Machine 1o also has 6 small 0-rings 71 and 6 large rolling Contains 72. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, six small O-rings 71 Each has a concave spherical shape on the outer surface 23 of the inner shell 22 and the bottom of one piston 19 or 20. It is arranged between the surface 31 and the surface 31. The O-ring 71 is inside the piston 19 or 20. Positioned to be concentric with the central axis. The fluid inside the machine is thereby There is almost no leakage into the opening 44. The four large O-rings 72 each have one Between the convex spherical head surface 30 of the equatorial piston 19 and the spherical inner surface 15 of the outer shell 14 is located concentrically outside the cavity 56 with respect to the central axis of the piston 19. Ru. The fluid in the interior of the machine 10 is thereby drawn into the cavity in the equatorial piston 19. There is almost no leakage. The two remaining large O-rings 72 each A pin is located between the convex spherical surface 15 of the head 20 and the spherical inner surface 15 of the outer shell 14. located concentrically externally of the ring-shaped inflow opening 11 with respect to the central axis of the stone 20; There is. Therefore, the fluid in the inlet orifice will flow to the piston 2 inside the machine 10. There is almost no leakage between o and the outer shell 14.

O-rings 71 and 72 function to form a seal against blood leakage; This seal allows pistons 19 and 20 to remain rotating. 0-li Tetra is sold under the trademark 'Teflon'. Made from tetrafluoroethylene resin, such as fluoroethylene resin is preferred). The 0-1 ring is precisely machined into one or more surfaces between which the 0-ring is located. Fits perfectly into machined grooves. For use as a blood pump, the grooves are As explained, the power of biocoating to reduce hemolysis is good. Figures 5 and 6 O-rings 71 and 72 and attached structural members as shown in FIG. The machining of the 1° pistons 19 and 20 does not imply a must be made with part a of the oval conical side 26 and vice versa. It must be kept in mind that the IIs are the same. It is shown in Figure 13. A special cutting device 75 containing two 45″ bevel gears 76 and 77 is Place the cutter 19 or 20 on the milling tool (IILHng tool) 78 and can be guided to pass.

The milling tool 78 is mounted firmly on an axle 79. Cut the elliptical conical surface of one of the pistons 19 or 20. pond The positioning axle 80 is lifted to machine the elliptical conical surface of the It disengages gears 76 and 77 and is rotated by 1800 degrees. Gears 76 and 77 are Must have the same number of teeth.

The resulting piston 19 or 20 has only two elliptical conical surfaces that meet at the pointed end. have. However, this piston with a pointed end, as shown in FIG. This becomes the prototype for making the female mold 82.

The cylindrical surface portion a for the female mold 82 is a cylinder 83 with a radius r attached to the two pointed ends of the mold 82. By inserting and filling the small gap between the cylinder 83 and the pointed end 84 with mold material. You can make it. The passages 62 and 63 inside the pistons 19 and 20 are by molding the space to be hollowed out in some other suitable material You can make it. Mogei can be reproduced by making a rubber mold with wax. I can do it. The wax engraving is then placed inside a piston mold 82 before casting. wax The engravings can be removed by melting them from the finished piston. other As an alternative method, piston casting is commonly used in automotive body construction. This can be done using an epoxy containing glass microsphere filler. The same material is female type Also suitable for making 82. This material should be sufficiently inert, e.g. Sting roughens the surface and creates biological cover as described below. Better to hold the membrane.

The preferred machine 10 as a heart pump will now be described with further particularity. Nation Naru Heart, Lang, and Blood Institute (National ) Ieart, Lung, and Blood In5 titute) (N HLBI) No person's heart 11 no 1 Ell C, left ventricular pressure difference IP # 120a For mHg=16kPa, the beat rate is 120 pulses/min or less (≦120 pu stroke volume of 10 liters per minute, i.e. 83 c 3/pal (=83 cya3/pulse). For the right ventricle, the same volume There is a request for product, but -P is only 20smHg. A preferred embodiment is It is designed to deliver (pup) 100cm'/pulse. machine 1 There are 8 pulsations per full revolution of all pistons 19 and 20 of o. Gatte vo. There is a total extraction amount per revolution of t=800ci3. one time of pump The total displacement per rotation is approximately 120% of the volume V, p = 4/3πR3, where where R is the radius of the outer shell 14. Solving the equation, R(3/4π)X(V aut/1,2), R=54.2 mm=21/8 inches. 54+ig+ When R is selected, the inner diameter of the outer shell 14 is therefore 108I=4174 inches. V5p=658.6cm3. Gatte, V 6ut "790.4c13=98.8cm'/pulse, which is the desired 100cm ’ close to.

For the inner shell 22, an outer diameter of 38 mm = 11/2 inches is selected. Inside The size of the outer shells 14 and 22 is similar to that of the oval cones of the pistons 19 and 20. Note that the shape of side 26 is not affected. Oval circles of pistons 19 and 20 The shape of the cone side 26 is determined by angular relationships that are independent of the actual size of the machine 10. will be determined only.

Machine 10, embodied in a heart pump, has four different types of surfaces.

1.Inner surface not in contact with body fluids. These surfaces form the cavity 56 of the equatorial piston. and the inside of the inner shell 22.

2. The external body contacting surface of the cardiovascular system. This is the whole machine 10 including the outer surface of the

3. A surface in passive contact with flowing blood. These are the inflow passages 62 and an outflow path 63, as well as the inner surface of the external connecting portion 70 shown in FIG.

4. Surfaces in contact with flowing blood that wipe each other. These surfaces are piston 1 9 and 20, a generally spherical outer surface 23 of the inner shell 22; including the inner surface of the displacement chamber 25, such as the generally spherical inner surface 15 of the outer shell 14; It is.

The surfaces listed under 2.3 and 4 above are polyester polyurethane urea ( PEUU) or a similar material for ponds should be coated with a biocompatible material. child A coating of biocompatible material is called a "biological coating." contact with flowing blood Surfaces listed under paragraphs 3 and 4 above that are covered may have an additional coating. . One capsule is a layer of proteins, while the second coat contains red blood cells (thrombus) and fibrin. A layer of phosphorus is good. This double layer is called the endothelial lining or intima. ing. The intima is formed from the blood itself. The biological capsule is the intima It should promote, or at least not inhibit, formation and proper function.

The biological capsule must provide adequate mechanical anchorage for the intima. example For example, Teflon does not perform well in this respect. Porous surface layer is good. The blood clot ruptures If this occurs, there is a risk of embolism.

The main factors to consider in the selection of the materials from which pump parts are made include ease of fabrication. In addition, there is ease of application and adhesion of biological coatings.

In the pump, the bio-layer includes a biological capsule and an intima. and has a thickness on the order of 100 μm (micrometer). . Is this thickness extremely necessary for the heart pump to function properly? [must be determined by Must be. The intima is the surface of the biological capsule that is probably up to 50 μm deep. It has a thickness of 10 to 30 μm, not including roughness. Forming parts of various machines Therefore, room must be made for the biological layer.

Blood is a complex fluid with complex rheology. The two main components include low There is plasma, which is a viscous fluid, and red blood cells. Each red blood cell is enclosed in an elastic membrane Consists of hemoglobin.

If not forced to separate, red blood cells have a diameter of 8.5 μm and a rim thickness of 2.5 μm. It has the shape of a round plate with a thickness of 5 μm and a thin center.

The approximate volume of a red blood cell is 90 cubic microns, and the surface area is approximately 160 square microns. It is. Red blood cells deform easily and pass through openings as small as 0.5 μm in width. I can do it. When red blood cells attach to a surface, they are carried by small appendages. It looks like a balloon attached to a short string.

Hemoglobin has a viscosity of η = 6 centipoise (cp), while the viscosity of plasma is 5 times lower (η = 1.2 CP), the turbulence is about 1000 critical l) Start at Reynolds number. Reynolds number = Rv6/7, where R is the characteristic half The characteristic radius is R, where A is the cross-sectional area of the passage through which the fluid moves.

Hydrodynamic issues in blood handling include:

1. Hemolysis, which is the destruction of red blood cells.

2. Thrombo-occlusive disease, the formation of a loose direct implant.

3. Fibrin growth and passage narrowing (“stenosis”) hypergrowth of tissues, including 4. Damage to the endothelial tissue lining, such as mechanical damage and detachment from the protective surface. The shear stress in the fluid near the wall beside which the fluid passes is determined by these four characteristics. This can lead to susceptibility to easy problems. If the shear stress near the wall is too high , which can cause damage to the red blood cells that form the lining of blood vessels. In addition, near the wall Too high shear stress of the thrombotic material and may cause endothelial tissue to be avulsed. Excess shear stress near the wall low levels promote thrombus formation and tissue growth. "Too high" or "Too low" There is no consensus on the value of auth, but many authors (auth.

rs) is greater than 400 dynes/C, if it is too high, 100 dynes/crr We consider anything less than r to be too low. After all, areas of stagnation and The creation of regions of excessive turbulence should be avoided. As a practical matter, sharp corners, Ducts should be avoided. In addition, bulk flow areas Shear stress within a) can lead to hemolysis, but the critical value is much higher (approximately 15 00 dynes/cnf>.

In a machine 10 used as a heart pump, the ends 32 of pistons 19 and 20 The speed of is approximately 25 cm/sec at 120 pulses/min (0,5 rps). (d) between the individual pistons 19 and 20, the spherical outer surface 23 of the inner shell 22 and the piston between the bottom surfaces 31 of the tons 19 and 20 and the spherical inner surface 15 of the outer shell 14. Assuming a separation of approximately 30 μm between the head surfaces 30 of the pistons 19 and 20 , shear stress δ, ≦W v/d, 1.2 < 7 < 6 cp (1 cp = 10-' Ns/ni) is obtained.

between the individual conical sides 26 and the pistons 19 and 20 and the inner and outer spheres 1 4 and 22 from the biological membrane surface (porous or non-porous) to the biological membrane surface or A distance of approximately 80 μm is proposed.

The purpose of this distance is to separate two endothelial linings of 20 ± 10 μm each and a 40 ± 10 μm It is to accommodate a gap of m. ±20 μm machining of biologically coated parts The manufacturing tolerance is acceptable. Pistons 19 and 20 are formed from cast material It is preferable. The inner and outer shells 14 and 22 are easily machined and flowable. Formed from metals that are stronger than rolled materials yet compatible with favorable biological coatings It is preferable that For example, brass and alloys of stainless steel and aluminum are used. Can be used. However, the inner and outer shells 14 and 22 are cast ) may be done. For strength, the shell is made of fiberglass-reinforced epoxy. and 22.

Once the connections 70 are attached to the appropriate arteries and veins, the machine 10 The space is filled with blood. The machine 10 is the cab of the equatorial piston 19. It is operated by passing current through the four motors 55 in the tee 56. motor 55 is activated, the small gear 57 rotates and connects the spur gear 59 and the inner ring. The equatorial piston 19 is rotated via the gear 60. The rotation of the equatorial piston 19 is The four attached piston gears 40 are rotated simultaneously, and the piston gears continue to rotate. and drives eight connecting gears 41. The connection gear 41 is attached to the pole piston 20. Drives the two piston gears 40 which are rotated, and all pistons 19 and 20 are driven by the master. Ensure that it rotates in the same direction with the same angular velocity about the center of Shin 10. Ru.

As pistons 19 and 20 rotate, displacement chamber 25 changes size. to open and close. As chamber 25 expands, blood flows adjacent to the chamber. It is drawn into the chamber 25 through the inflow channel 62. Blood enters the orifice 11 into the pole piston 20 and when the chamber 25 is expanding. The fluid flows out from the pole piston through a pair of inlet holes 65 that are open in the chamber. water flows into the chamber 25. When the chamber 25 is contracting, a pair of Outflow holes 66 open into chamber 25 instead. Chamber 25 is now deflated. The blood flows into the outflow passage 63 through the pair of outflow holes 66, and then flows through the outflow orifice. through the piston 20 and out of the machine 10.

The blood entering the lower half of machine 10 is typically equal to the blood in the upper half of machine 10. do not mix in the machine 10. Therefore, the machine 10 performs can operate in a manner similar to that of the heart and actually pump blood to both the heart and the body. It is a double pump. Figures 1 to 12 and 15 to 16 Although the machine 10 disclosed in 1999 is a heart pump, the machine 10 may instead be a heart pump. It can serve as other types of pumps, compressors or internal combustion engines. machine 10 Techniques for converting an internal combustion engine into an internal combustion engine are well known in the art. displacement chamber 25 becomes the combustion chamber.

In such embodiments, the piston 19 or 20 is made of a metal capable of withstanding combustion. or of other materials. The machine 10 further includes a spark plug, etc. in each chamber. Includes means for igniting the fuel. The location of holes 65 and 66 is can be changed to allow for the intake of fuel and the emission of combustion by-products. The pole piston 2o functions properly as a valve. In its engine embodiment A spherical rotary machine can have a gearing device that is external to the external shell. Preferably, this gearing drives the pistons at the same speed and with respect to the center of the machine. It rotates simultaneously in both directions. The machine 10 as an engine is an internal combustion engine. It also operates somewhat similar to the Wankel engine, which is very well known in the technical field. Wear.

The present invention is not limited to the specific construction and arrangement shown and described herein, but as follows: It is understood to include those variations that fall within the scope of the claims.

FIG.4 Special table Hei 4-504891 (12) FIG.5 FIG.6

Claims (45)

[Claims] 1. (a) an outer shell including a generally spherical inner surface forming an interior having a center; (b) within the interior of said outer shell, each rotatable about its own central axis; A spherical rotary machine comprising six rotary pistons, Six axes converge perpendicularly to the center of the interior of the outer shell; each piston a convex spherical head having substantially the same shape as the inner surface and located adjacent to the inner surface; the conical side of an oval formed substantially by line segments that are approximately radial with respect to nearby points and the oval side of each piston is configured to rotate as the six pistons rotate; along a generally radial line segment with the oval side of each of the four adjacent pistons; touch at least almost tangentially, so that every three adjacent a displacement chamber in which a piston changes size as said piston rotates; A spherical rotary machine characterized by forming. 2. A generally radial line segment in which three adjacent pistons are at least nearly in contact is 3 The egg-shaped conical side of the piston has a shape that changes in size as the piston rotates. In a machine that forms almost identical parts, each displacement chamber has three adjacent 2. The spherical rotor according to claim 1, wherein the spherical rotor is centered equidistant from the axis of the piston. -Tally machine. 3. Rotate the piston in the same direction with the same angular velocity about the center of the interior of the outer shell. The spherical roller according to claim 1, further comprising means for rotating the spherical roller. tally machine. 4. a central core centered inside the outer shell; one each from the central core; into the support hole of the chamfered bottom surface of the piston, coaxially with the central axis of said piston. 2. The piston shaft according to claim 1, further comprising six piston shafts extending in relation to each other. spherical rotary machine. 5. each connected to the chamfered bottom surface of one piston with the piston between at least three rotating piston gears and three adjacent piston gears; at least one connecting gear installed and operably connected to the gears; and further comprising: such that rotation of one piston causes rotation of at least two other pistons. 5. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 4, wherein the spherical rotary machine rotates at the same time. 6. An inner shell that includes a generally spherical outer surface centered within the outer shell. a machine further comprising: a spherical outer surface substantially the same as the spherical outer surface of the inner shell; Each has a bottom concave spherical surface chamfering the conical sides of the oval, located adjacent to the outer surface of the oval. The spherical rotary machine of claim 1, further comprising a piston. 7. The inner shell has six openings each aligned with one piston axis. each machine is coaxially connected to the bottom surface of one piston. six piston gears extending into the inner shell through one opening; and a central core centered within the interior of the inner shell; each extending from the central core; into the two piston gears and the piston support hole, coaxially with the piston center axis. six piston axles extending; each rotatable between a central core and an inner shell; installed and rotatably installed between three adjacent piston gears to Because it is operably connected to the stone gear, the rotation of either piston is The spherical rotary according to claim 6, characterized in that it causes rotation of a piston of machine. 8. The piston gear and the connecting gear are at an angle of approximately 27.3678° with respect to their axes. The spherical rotor according to claim 7, wherein the spherical rotor is a bevel gear that is chamfered at a degree. Lee Machine. 9. The oval conical sides of each piston are approximately 180° apart about the central axis, and each Two pistons tilted at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of the piston. including a ton end, said oval conical surface having a diameter of about 90 mm from either end with respect to the central axis. At 0°, it is tilted at an angle of approximately 35.2644° with respect to the central axis of the piston. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: 10. The oval conical sides of each piston each extend approximately 90 degrees from each end with respect to the central axis. Containing two opposing elliptical conical surface sections centered at 0° The spherical rotary machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: 11. Two opposing oval conical surface sections extend to the end of each piston and A line that is inclined at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of the piston at the end. 11. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 10, wherein the spherical rotary machine intersects along the . 12. The oval conical side of each piston forms two cylindrical surfaces at the ends of the piston. a surface portion, the cylindrical surface portion having two opposing elliptical surfaces extending therebetween; 11. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 10, wherein the spherical rotary machine intersects with a conical surface portion. . 13. When the piston rotates, the two cylindrical surfaces of the piston touch the other piston. A claim characterized in that the elliptical conical surface portion of the The spherical rotary machine described in 12. 14. a spherical rotary machine, wherein four of said rotary pistons are equatorial pistons with coplanar central axes, and each equatorial piston It extends radially inward from the head and is formed concentrically with the central axis of the piston. It has a cavity; Said machine is located substantially within said cavity and each red one is installed in an external shell. motors for the road pistons and transmits rotational motion from each motor to the adjacent piston. 4. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 3, further comprising means for hmm. 15. The spherical inner surface of the outer shell is aligned with the cavity of the piston with respect to the center of the inner surface. forming an access opening for each equatorial piston located radially outwardly from the external cylinder; the wells are positioned so that each closes over one access opening and the cavity. The claim further includes a piston cover for each equatorial piston mounted on the piston. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 14. 16. The rotary motion transmission means for each piston is attached to a small a gear and an adjacent piston cover pivotably connected to said smaller gear; along the periphery of the piston cavity with at least one spur gear and an internal ring gear operably connected to the spur gear. A claim characterized in that rotation of the motor shaft causes rotation of the piston. 15. The spherical rotary machine described in 15. 17. Less than three of said rotary pistons have a common center a pole piston having an axis, each pole piston having a set of inlet orifices therein; The inflow orifice has a convex spherical head portion of the piston. The set of inflow holes are formed in a shaped surface, and each inflow hole is formed in the piston when the piston rotates. One end of each elliptical conical surface section so that it advances lagging with respect to the adjacent end of the t 11. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 10, wherein the spherical rotary machine has an opening in the vicinity of the part. 18. Less than three of said rotary pistons have a common center a pole piston having a shaft, each pole piston having a set of outlet orifices therein; and an outflow passage forming an outflow hole, the outflow orifice being a convex head of the piston. The set of outflow holes is formed in a shaped surface, and each outflow hole is formed in the piston when the piston rotates. One end of each oval conical surface section so as to lead with respect to the adjacent end of the t 11. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 10, wherein the spherical rotary machine has an adjacent opening. 19. (a) forming an interior having a center and at least one fluid transfer opening; (b) each rotatable about its own central axis; and six rotary pistons within the interior of the outer shell. is a pump machine, Six axes converge perpendicularly to the center of the interior of the outer shell; each piston a convex spherical head having substantially the same shape as the inner surface and located adjacent to the inner surface; substantially formed by radial line segments approximately 180° apart with respect to the central axis two piston ends, each centered at approximately 90° from both ends with respect to the central axis. an oval conical side that includes two opposing oval conical face portions that are centered a surface; the oval side surface of each piston is configured to rotate as the six pistons rotate. , in a line generally radial to the oval side of each of the four adjacent pistons. at least nearly touching tangentially along the line, so that every three adjacent a piston that changes size as said piston rotates; a common central axis two of said pistons having a each having an outflow passage therein forming an outflow orifice and a set of outflow holes; An outlet orifice is formed in the convex spherical surface of the head of the pole piston, and the set of outlet holes are , each outlet hole leads with respect to the adjacent end of the piston as the piston rotates. so that each oval conical surface section is open near one end; each pole piston is further comprising an inflow passage therein defining an inflow orifice and a set of inflow holes; The inflow orifice is formed in the convex spherical surface of the piston head, and the set of inflow holes are formed in the piston head convex spherical surface. Each inlet hole advances with a lag with respect to the adjacent end of the piston as the piston rotates. each oval conical surface section opens near one end; each inflow and outflow orifice a heart characterized in that the fiss is open through a fluid transfer opening in the outer shell pump machine. 20. the pistons at the same angular velocity and in the same direction with respect to the center of the interior of the outer shell 20. The heart of claim 19, further comprising means for rotating. pump machine. 21. The inner shell has six openings, each opening aligned with one piston axis. machines each coaxially connected to the bottom surface of one piston; six piston gears extending into the inner shell through one opening; and a central core centered within the interior of the inner shell; Coaxial relationship with the center axis of the piston into one piston gear and piston support hole six piston axles extending into; each rotatable between a central core and an inner shell; and is rotatably installed between three adjacent piston gears. Operaably connected to the piston gear, rotation of either piston 20. Heart pump according to claim 19, characterized in that it causes rotation of all pistons. machine. 22. The two piston ends are approximately 180° apart with respect to the central axis, and each It is inclined at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of , at approximately 90° from either end with respect to the central axis, relative to the central axis of the piston. 20. The tilting angle of claim 19, wherein the tilting angle is approximately 35.2644°. heart pump machine. 23. Two opposing oval conical surface sections extend to the end of each piston and A line that is inclined at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of the piston at the end. 23. The heart pump machine of claim 22, wherein the heart pump machine intersects along the . 24. The oval conical side of each piston forms two cylindrical surfaces at the ends of the piston. a surface portion, the cylindrical surface portion having two opposing elliptical surfaces extending therebetween; 23. Heart pump machine according to claim 22, characterized in that it intersects a conical surface section. 25. a spherical rotary machine, wherein four of said rotary pistons are equatorial pistons with coplanar central axes, and each equatorial piston It extends radially inward from the head and is formed concentrically with the central axis of the piston. It has a cavity; Said machine is located substantially within said cavity and each red one is installed in an external shell. motors for the road pistons and transmits rotational motion from each motor to the adjacent piston. 21. The heart pump machine of claim 20, further comprising means for . 26. (a) an outer shell including a generally spherical inner surface forming an interior having a center; (b) within the interior of said outer shell, each rotatable about its own central axis; There are six rotary pistons with six shafts perpendicular to the interior center of the outer shell. each piston is approximately the same shape as said spherical inner surface, and adjacent said inner surface; substantially formed by a convex spherical surface of the head located and a radial line segment with respect to said center; an oval-shaped conical side surface of each piston; the oval-shaped side surface of each piston is As the piston rotates, the oval sides of each of the four adjacent pistons contact at least mostly tangentially along a generally radial line segment, so that any The three adjacent pistons change in size as the pistons rotate. (c) centrally located within said interior; a central core; and (d) a support for the chamfered bottom surface of one piston from each central core. six piston shafts extending into the holding hole coaxially with the central axis of the piston; (e) each connected to the chamfered bottom surface of one piston and with the piston; one piston gear for each piston to rotate; (f) located between and operable with three adjacent piston gears; at least one connecting gear connected, so that one piston A ball characterized in that the rotation of the piston simultaneously rotates at least two other pistons. shaped rotary machine. 27. including a generally spherical outer surface centered within the outer shell; The inner shell has six openings through which each piston gear extends into the inner shell. in a machine further comprising a shell; approximately the same shape as the spherical outer surface of the inner shell; Located adjacent to said spherical outer surface, chamfer the conical side surface of the oval, thereby forming a pin. Each piston includes a bottom concave spherical surface forming a chamfered bottom surface of the piston. ; each connecting gear is rotatably installed between the central core and the inner shell; rotatably installed between two adjacent piston gears and actuable on the piston gears. The rotation of any piston causes the rotation of all pistons. 27. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 26, characterized in that the spherical rotary machine 28. The oval conical sides of each piston are approximately 180° apart with respect to the central axis, and each Two pistons are tilted at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of the piston. including a stone end, said oval conical surface extending from either end about the central axis. At 90°, it is tilted at an angle of approximately 35.2644° with respect to the central axis of the piston. 27. A spherical rotary machine according to claim 26. 29. The oval conical sides of each piston each extend approximately 90 degrees from each end with respect to the central axis. Containing two opposing elliptical conical surface sections centered at 0° The spherical rotary machine according to claim 28, characterized in that: 30. Two opposing oval conical surface sections extend to the end of each piston and A line that is inclined at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of the piston at the end. 30. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 29, wherein the spherical rotary machine intersects along the . 31. The oval conical side of each piston forms two cylindrical surfaces at the ends of the piston. a surface portion, the cylindrical surface portion having two opposing elliptical surfaces extending therebetween; The spherical rotary machine according to claim 29, characterized in that it intersects with a conical surface portion. . 32. a spherical rotary machine, wherein four of said rotary pistons are equatorial pistons with coplanar central axes, and each equatorial piston It extends radially inward from the head and is formed concentrically with the central axis of the piston. It has a cavity; Said machine is located substantially within said cavity and each red one is installed in an external shell. motors for the road pistons and transmits rotational motion from each motor to the adjacent piston. 27. The spherical rotary rotor according to claim 26, further comprising means for Shin. 33. Less than three of said rotary pistons have a common center a pole piston having an axis, each pole piston having a set of inlet orifices therein; The inflow orifice has an inflow passage forming an inflow hole, and the inflow orifice has a convex head portion of the piston. The set of inflow holes are formed in a shaped surface, and each inflow hole is formed in the piston when the piston rotates. One end of each elliptical conical surface section so that it advances lagging with respect to the adjacent end of the t 30. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 29, wherein the spherical rotary machine has an opening in the vicinity of the part. 34. Less than three of said rotary pistons have a common center a pole piston having a shaft, each pole piston having a set of outlet orifices therein; and an outflow passage forming an outflow hole, the outflow orifice being a convex head of the piston. The set of outflow holes is formed in a shaped surface, and each outflow hole is formed in the piston when the piston rotates. One end of each oval conical surface section so as to lead with respect to the adjacent end of the t 30. A spherical rotary machine according to claim 29, characterized in that it is open in the vicinity. 35. (a) an outer shell including a generally spherical inner surface forming an interior having a center; (b) within the interior of said outer shell, each rotatable about its own central axis; There are six rotary pistons with six shafts perpendicular to the interior center of the outer shell. each piston is approximately the same shape as said spherical inner surface, and adjacent said inner surface; substantially formed by a convex spherical surface of the head located and a radial line segment with respect to said center; an oval-shaped conical side surface of each piston; the oval-shaped side surface of each piston is As the piston rotates, the oval sides of each of the four adjacent pistons contact at least mostly tangentially along a generally radial line segment, so that any The three adjacent pistons change in size as the pistons rotate. (c) forming a displacement chamber in which the piston is moved inside the outer shell; To synchronize rotation in the same direction at the same angular velocity with respect to the center A spherical rotary machine comprising a gear means. 36. a central core centered inside the outer shell; one from each central core; into a support hole in a chamfered bottom surface of a piston coaxial with the central axis of said piston. Claim 35 further comprising six piston axes extending in relation to each other. The described spherical rotary machine. 37. Gear means are each connected to the chamfered bottom surface of one of the pistons to one piston gear for each piston rotating with the piston; each one has three installed between and operably connected to adjacent piston gears of 8 connecting gears, so that the rotation of one piston affects all the other pistons. 37. The spherical rotary rotor according to claim 36, wherein the stones are rotated at the same time. Shin. 38. including a generally spherical outer surface centered within the outer shell; The inner shell has six openings through which each piston gear extends into the inner shell. in a machine further comprising a shell; approximately the same shape as the spherical outer surface of the inner shell; Located adjacent to said spherical outer surface, chamfer the conical side surface of the oval, thereby forming a pin. Each piston includes a bottom concave spherical surface forming a chamfered bottom surface of the piston. that each connecting gear is rotatably installed between the central core and the inner shell; 38. A spherical rotary machine according to claim 37. 39. The oval conical sides of each piston are approximately 180° apart with respect to the central axis, and each Two pistons are tilted at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of the piston. including a stone end, said oval conical surface extending from either end about the central axis. At 90°, it is tilted at an angle of approximately 35.2644° with respect to the central axis of the piston. 38. A spherical rotary machine according to claim 37. 40. The oval conical sides of each piston each extend approximately 90 degrees from each end with respect to the central axis. Containing two opposing elliptical conical surface sections centered at 0° The spherical rotary machine according to claim 39, characterized in that: 41. Two opposing oval conical surface sections extend to the end of each piston and A line that is inclined at an angle of approximately 54.7356° with respect to the central axis of the piston at the end. 41. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 40, wherein the spherical rotary machine intersects along the . 42. The oval conical side of each piston forms two cylindrical surfaces at the ends of the piston. a surface portion, the cylindrical surface portion having two opposing elliptical surfaces extending therebetween; 41. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 40, wherein the spherical rotary machine intersects with a conical surface portion. . 43. a spherical rotary machine, wherein four of said rotary pistons are equatorial pistons with coplanar central axes, and each equatorial piston It extends radially inward from the head and is formed concentrically with the central axis of the piston. It has a cavity; Said machine is located substantially within said cavity and each red one is installed in an external shell. motors for the road pistons and transmits rotational motion from each motor to the adjacent piston. 38. The spherical rotary rotor of claim 37, further comprising means for Shin. 44. Less than three of said rotary pistons have a common center a pole piston having an axis, each pole piston having a set of inlet orifices therein; The inflow orifice has an inflow passage forming an inflow hole, and the inflow orifice has a convex head portion of the piston. The set of inlet holes are formed in a shape of a shape, and each inflow hole is formed in the piston when the piston rotates. One end of each elliptical conical surface section so that it advances lagging with respect to the adjacent end of the t 41. The spherical rotary machine according to claim 40, wherein the spherical rotary machine has an opening in the vicinity of the part. 45. Less than three of said rotary pistons have a common center a pole piston having a shaft, each pole piston having a set of outlet orifices therein; and an outflow passage forming an outflow hole, the outflow orifice being a convex head of the piston. The set of outflow holes is formed in a shaped surface, and each outflow hole is formed in the piston when the piston rotates. One end of each oval conical surface section so as to lead with respect to the adjacent end of the t 41. A spherical rotary machine according to claim 40, characterized in that it is open in the vicinity.