JPH0448985A - Garbage treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out the treatment of garbage improved in drying efficiency and reduced in the generation of an offensive smell by a method wherein plastic garbage and food garbage are mixed and the hydrated matter of the garbage mixture is dried and decomposed in a front stage and the garbage mixture is raised in temp. in a post-stage to thermally deform plastic therein. CONSTITUTION:When a microwave is guided to a receiving part 2 by supplying a current to a magnetron 13, the microwave transmits through a garbage container 3 made of a microwave transmissible material to irradiate the garbage in the container 3 and food garbage 1a containing moisture is heated to generate steam. At this time, since steam carrying air flows down along the wall of the garbage container 3 from the air holes 16 provided to the periphery of the container 3, the temp. of the food garbage 1a does not exceed 100 deg.C. Therefore, microwave transmissible plastic garbage 1b becomes temp. further lower than 100 deg.C and generates no deformation and, as a result, the plastic garbage 1b becomes a skeleton to make it possible to keep the escape passages of generated steam and drying can be made uniform and rapid. Next, hot air is generated by a heater 7 after drying to thermally deform the plastic garbage 1b and the volume of the garbage 1b is reduced. Decomposed gas is oxidized by a catalyst 1b and no offensive smell is issued.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention is used in an apparatus for easily disposing of kitchen waste, that is, food waste generated in a kitchen.

Even though kitchen waste is currently disposed of in landfills or incinerated by local governments, due to a lack of land for landfills, we will have to resort to incineration in the future. Despite the problems, the present invention solves these problems by providing a device that reduces the weight and volume of kitchen waste and makes it sanitary at the place where it is generated. The kitchen waste processing device for individual processing using the present invention is suitable for home cooking.
Conventional technology used for processing kitchen waste in grocery stores, etc.In addition to conventional separate kitchen waste processing equipment, there are mechanical processing equipment called disposers and incinerators that use gas, liquid fuel, or electrical heating. The former uses a rotary blade to crush kitchen waste and disposes of it by disposing of it into the sewer system.The latter uses a burner to burn fuel and uses the heat to incinerate the kitchen waste.The mud disposer mechanically crushes kitchen waste into small pieces. It releases a large amount of solids into the wastewater, which causes clogging of sewers and has become a major social problem.There is a tendency to ban the use of this substance in Japan and the United States as well.

Ma? , A method of incinerating kitchen waste (very large-scale, but a method suitable for small-sized equipment that uses microwaves to dry and completely burn kitchen waste before incineration has been proposed).

Problems to be Solved by the Invention When kitchen waste is burned in a kitchen waste incinerator, complete combustion cannot be achieved unless a large amount of water contained in the waste is removed in advance.1. % It is difficult to separate this moisture by force, and even though drying methods using heat are generally used, the amount of heat equivalent to the latent heat of the moisture held by the object to be processed must be transferred to the object for heat drying.
Conventional drying equipment uses convection heat, radiant heat, and microwaves as heat transfer means. Conventional drying equipment uses these heat transfer means to heat the moisture in the processed material and release water vapor. Therefore, when heated, it softens with high-temperature steam.
Because of the clumping, heat is not transferred to the inside of the kitchen waste, or the generated water vapor is difficult to remove. If it is incomplete, there is a problem that it cannot be incinerated, or even after incineration, parts of it become wet and rot. Food-based kitchen waste such as leftover food and plastic-based kitchen waste used for packaging these foods are comprised of various plastics, such as styrofoam, vinyl chloride, and polyethylene. Plastics cannot be burned in city incinerators due to the generation of chlorine, so even though plastics and food-based kitchen waste are collected separately from general households, this plastic-based kitchen waste (contaminated with blood, etc.) is often mixed with food-based kitchen waste at home. Similarly, it is difficult to store hygienically, and when incinerated, it generates chlorine.
There is a problem in that the bulk volume is large during transportation.

Means for Solving the Problems The kitchen waste processing apparatus of the present invention mixes plastic kitchen waste and food kitchen waste, and the kitchen waste contains proteins, carbohydrates, etc.
It is characterized by drying or decomposing the lipid food components and heat deforming the packaging plastic.

The method further includes a storage chamber for kitchen waste, a means for heating the kitchen waste provided in the storage chamber, and a blowing means for supplying air to the storage chamber for conveying water vapor generated by heating, so that water-containing waste in the kitchen waste is removed in a previous stage. The method is characterized in that the temperature of the kitchen waste is increased from the previous stage in a later stage after the drying is completed, thereby thermally deforming the plastic mixed in the kitchen waste.Furthermore, the following means is added to the above structure to further improve the effect. If the amount of air blown in the latter stage is smaller than that in the previous stage, the heating means in the former stage is a microwave, and the heating means in the latter stage is an electric heater.Alternatively, after the end of the former stage, After the temperature of the kitchen waste is lowered once, the temperature is increased. Alternatively, a means for combusting the decomposed gas of the kitchen waste may be added as necessary, such as providing a catalyst for burning the decomposed gas of the kitchen waste in the steam discharge path downstream of the storage chamber of the kitchen waste. Preferably, the mixture of food-based kitchen waste and plastic-based kitchen waste is processed according to a suitable processing method.

Place a mixture of food-based kitchen waste, such as leftover food, and plastic-based kitchen waste, such as plastic packaging materials and containers, in the same container, and dry or disassemble perishable food-based kitchen waste.

Plastic kitchen waste, which is hard to rot but has a large bulk, can be deformed by heat.In this case, by taking advantage of the fact that the heat deformation temperature of plastic is slightly higher than the boiling point of water, and drying it at a low temperature below the heat deformation temperature of plastic in the previous step, it becomes plastic. It becomes the skeleton of the entire kitchen waste and maintains an escape path for the generated water vapor, so it can be dried evenly and quickly.After drying, if it is heated above the heat distortion temperature of the plastic, the entire kitchen waste will shrink.
! Plastic kitchen waste has a smaller heat capacity than food-based kitchen waste and undergoes thermal deformation in a short time, and less odor is generated due to the decomposition of food-based kitchen waste (Xo) for
-It is better to lower the air flow rate for L conveyance to reduce the heat conveyance of the air and raise the temperature rather than increase the output of the heating means used on a boat.
This is because kitchen waste is likely to catch fire if it comes into contact with a large amount of oxygen at high temperatures. Therefore, the air in the latter stage is at a high temperature and as much as possible will not interfere with the transport of the cracked gas. %
Alternatively, when carrying out item 6, the amount should be small enough to not interfere with the catalytic reaction.Microwaves have good absorbency for moisture and do not absorb plastic kitchen waste, so if the previous step is carried out using microwaves.
In this case, the plastic skeleton should not be deformed.In this case, the plastic should be deformed by hot air in the later stage.Furthermore, after drying, the microwave should be stopped for a certain period of time to lower the temperature of kitchen waste 1, and then hot air should be added. While the plastic kitchen waste is being deformed, the food waste hardly reaches the decomposition temperature, so less odor is generated.Also, when a catalyst is used to react and purify the odor components of the exhaust, the previous stage is a long period of time and a high humidity storm. Since it is a light cracked gas, catalytic reaction is possible.The subsequent stage is a heavy cracked gas, but it is a powerful one. Rope Board Efficient drying and volume reduction are possible by mixing food waste and plastic kitchen waste, which were previously considered to be treated separately, and controlling the heating. This will be explained based on the attached drawings together with the data of an experimental machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.A In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes kitchen waste; food-based kitchen waste 1a such as unnecessary food plates and leftover food; and plastic-based kitchen waste 1a such as plastic packaging materials and containers. Today's raw foods are usually packaged in styrofoam, vinyl chloride/lz, polyethylene, etc.; Even if the kitchen waste container 3 is put into a container (made of wave-transmitting material), it is detachably installed inside the storage section 2.It can be taken in and out from the door 5 using the handle 4, and the electric heater 7 and the storage section are located downstream of the exhaust blower 6 in the flow direction. 2, and the downstream of the storage section 2 is the kitchen waste container 3 and the exhaust pipe 8.
, a heater 9, a catalyst 10 supported on a honeycomb-shaped carrier mainly composed of silica and alumina, and an exhaust hole 11.

A magnetron 1 is connected to one end of the storage section 2 through a waveguide 12.
Even if the microwave oscillated in step 3 generates an electric field in the housing part 2, the housing part 2 also has a temperature sensing part 14 with a metal gourd on the outer periphery and a thermocouple inside that is not affected by microwaves, and an exhaust pipe 8.
Even if the temperature detection unit 15 is installed in the storage unit 2, the air flows in the direction of the arrow A in Fig. 1.The operation will be explained with specific experimental data. will be put into the

The blower 6 is in operation and air for conveying water vapor is supplied to the kitchen waste 1.
The magnetron 12 is energized to guide the microwaves to the storage section 2, where they pass through the kitchen waste container 3 made of microwave-transmitting material such as heat-resistant plastic, glass, and ceramic, and are irradiated onto the kitchen waste 1 inside. The waves are selectively absorbed by water.The food-based kitchen waste 1a containing water rises in temperature and does not generate water vapor.When water vapor is generated, the upper space of the food-based waste container 3 is filled with steam. The temperature of the kitchen waste 1b (higher than the temperature of the microwave-transparent plastic kitchen waste, but never exceeding 100°C) is because the relatively heavier conveying air flows into the kitchen waste container 3 from the surrounding air holes 16. This may be due to the water flowing down the wall.For this reason, even if the water vaporizes when exposed to microwaves, the temperature of food-based kitchen waste 1a is always below 100°C, and especially the plastic-based kitchen waste 1b shows a low temperature.

In this way, the water vapor partial pressure around the food waste 1a is lowered by the inflow of air, so it dries quickly (~ This effect is possible because air enters the food waste 1).
In general, food-based kitchen waste is significantly softened by steam heating, and tends to shrink and form lumps due to dehydration (when mixed with plastic-based kitchen waste 1b, this becomes a skeleton and the bulk volume hardly changes1.%).For this reason, air Even if water vapor flows into the entire kitchen waste 1 and efficiently moves from the vaporized local part, the plastic kitchen waste 1b will not be heated by microwaves, but will rise in temperature due to heat transfer from the adjacent food-based kitchen waste 1a. In the case of materials with low heat resistance, the parts that come into contact are deformed by heat. However, the parts that are not in contact do not deform, so the gaps in the skeleton do not disappear (-Also, with heat-resistant plastics, the parts that do not deform almost always do not deform and maintain a wide gap. In this preliminary step, the temperature detection unit 14 detects that the temperature inside the kitchen waste container 3 is 1.
Even though the microwave output is controlled so that the temperature is below 00℃, the volume remains almost the same even if it is lightened and hygienically dried. As the temperature decreases, the temperature of the entire kitchen waste 1 rises rapidly, and at 120℃, the Styrofoam undergoes rapid thermal deformation and its bulk volume decreases to about one-tenth.At this time, 14.
Food-based kitchen waste 1a begins to decompose due to temperature rise (catalyst 10
Since it is preheated by the heater 9, the decomposed gas is oxidized by the catalyst and no odor is emitted.
The food waste 1a can be deformed and the thermal deformation is completed before a large amount of decomposed gas is generated.

Also, if you continue to irradiate dry kitchen waste with microwaves, the following problems may occur. Dry kitchen waste has reduced microwave absorption, making it difficult for the temperature to rise.Continuing to irradiate microwaves in a dry state creates a shell with good heat insulation, so even a small amount of microwave absorption will prevent the internal temperature from rising. In particular, the larger the kitchen waste is, the easier it is to create an insulating outer shell, which causes the interior to carbonize, and this carbonized part to be discharged by microwaves, which can cause a fire.In this example, the plastic serves as a skeleton to prevent the kitchen waste from clumping For this reason, the entire kitchen waste is cooled by the conveying air, and abnormal high temperatures due to microwaves inside the kitchen waste will not occur. Therefore, if moisture from the previous stage is present, it will be dried using microwaves, and after drying, the heater 7 will generate hot air. It is preferable to thermally deform the plastic kitchen waste 1b.If the heater 7 is used in both the front and rear stages, the structure is simple. The drying time is long because it uses hot air.
Furthermore, even if both stages are performed using microwaves, the structure is simple (because the plastic kitchen waste 1b does not absorb microwaves, the food waste 1a decomposes before this transformation and generates an odor).

Although the effects of the present invention can be expected with any combination of heating means, the best combination is one in which microwaves are used in the first stage and hot air is used in the second stage.

Ma? = It is preferable that the hot air from the heater 7 is introduced from the lower part of the kitchen waste container 3, heating the lower part to a higher temperature and quickly thermally deforming the plastic kitchen waste 1b in the lower part.
This is because the hot air tends to enter from the top.In this case, the temperature of the hot air is preferably 200℃ or lower, which is the chlorine decomposition temperature of vinyl chloride.If the plastic is left at a low temperature for a long time, it will deform from the top and the hot air will Plastic kitchen waste 1b in kitchen waste container 3 is best treated quickly at a high temperature that does not exceed 250°C as this will prevent it from penetrating into the lower part.
can be uniformly deformed by heat.

To the colander ζ After drying, stop the microwave and remove the kitchen waste 1.
If the temperature of the food waste 1a is lowered and then treated with hot air within a range that does not exceed 250℃, the temperature of the food waste 1a will not rise suddenly, so it will not decompose and generate odor. Since it is small, it is easily deformed and can be thermally deformed before the food waste 1a is heated and decomposed.

In addition, when a catalyst is installed downstream of the device of the present invention to make the exhaust gas odorless, a large amount of water is generated while kitchen waste is being dried at a relatively low temperature.The catalyst 10 is poisoned by this water. However, even if the activity is reduced, the decomposed gas from kitchen waste decomposed at low temperature will react even with catalyst 10 in a relatively low active state.Also, while the plastic is thermally deformed at high temperature, the kitchen waste will dry and generate latent heat. Since the temperature does not need to be raised rapidly, the food waste 1a is thermally deformed before it decomposes in large quantities. In the first stage, the light cracked gas is heated for a long time and at a high temperature, so it is possible to react catalytically. It enables a catalytic reaction and almost eliminates the emission of odor components.As described above, according to the present invention, when kitchen waste is heated for drying, it is softened by high-temperature steam and becomes lumps, so kitchen waste is This method can prevent the heat from being transferred to the inside of the container, or prevent the generated water vapor from coming out.
It is possible to create a kitchen waste disposal device with less odor. Benefits to the user by implementing the present invention:
-L (1) Reduced volume of kitchen waste It is more hygienic, so it is less frequently disposed of, and it is easier to store. (2) Plastic kitchen waste was previously disposed of separately from food-based kitchen waste. It is convenient because it can be disposed of as it is mixed.a Also, the benefits for local governments, which dispose of kitchen waste, are (1) It is easy to transport and collect.a (2) It is easy to secure a landfill site (3)
) Dried kitchen waste that is easily combustible can be used at incinerators equipped with chloride treatment equipment to improve operating efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figure is a longitudinal sectional view of a kitchen waste processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Kitchen waste processing equipment that dries or decomposes food-based kitchen waste such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids in a container that stores a mixture of food-based kitchen waste and plastic-based kitchen waste, and heat-deforms the plastic-based kitchen waste. (2) It has a kitchen waste heating means provided in a storage room and a blowing means for supplying air to the storage room that transports water vapor generated by the heating, and dries or decomposes water-containing substances in the kitchen waste in the previous stage, and then 2. The kitchen waste processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the kitchen waste is set higher than that in the previous step to thermally deform the plastic mixed in the kitchen waste. (3) A claim in which the amount of air blown in the subsequent stage is smaller than that in the previous stage (
2) The kitchen waste processing device described above. (4) The kitchen waste processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the heating means at the front stage is a microwave, and the heating means at the rear stage is an electric heater. (5) The kitchen waste processing apparatus according to claim (4), wherein after the end of the pre-stage, the temperature of the kitchen waste is lowered once and then raised. (6) The kitchen waste processing apparatus according to claim (2), characterized in that a catalyst for combusting decomposed gas of the kitchen waste is provided in the steam discharge path downstream of the kitchen waste storage chamber.