JPH0448038B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0448038B2 JPH0448038B2 JP59165966A JP16596684A JPH0448038B2 JP H0448038 B2 JPH0448038 B2 JP H0448038B2 JP 59165966 A JP59165966 A JP 59165966A JP 16596684 A JP16596684 A JP 16596684A JP H0448038 B2 JPH0448038 B2 JP H0448038B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- vibration
- electroacoustic transducer
- actuator
- displacement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/121—Flextensional transducers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、水中用の送受波器に使用する電気音
響変換器（ソーナー技術の分野では振動子と称さ
れる）に関し、特に低周波で使用する送波用の電
気音響変換器に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an electroacoustic transducer (referred to as a vibrator in the field of sonar technology) used in an underwater transducer. This invention relates to an electroacoustic transducer for transmitting waves.
（従来の技術）
この種の電気音響変換器は、電気振動を機械振
動に変換し、その機械振動を水中に伝達すること
により水中に音波を送波する。従来の電気音響変
換器は、電気振動を機械振動に変換する電気機械
変換器（例えば、圧電セラミツク）の振動を水に
伝達していた。例えば、従来の円筒形の電気音響
変換器は、圧電セラミツクにより円筒形を形成
し、その呼吸振動（円筒の径を伸縮する振動）に
より音波を放射していた。水中に音波を効率よく
放射するには、振動面の面積を波長に比較して大
きくし、放射インピーダンス密度を大きくする必
要がある。(Prior Art) This type of electroacoustic transducer converts electrical vibrations into mechanical vibrations and transmits the mechanical vibrations into the water, thereby transmitting sound waves into the water. Conventional electroacoustic transducers transmit the vibrations of an electromechanical transducer (eg, piezoelectric ceramic) that converts electrical vibrations into mechanical vibrations to water. For example, a conventional cylindrical electroacoustic transducer has a cylindrical shape made of piezoelectric ceramic, and emits sound waves by its breathing vibration (vibration that expands and contracts the diameter of the cylinder). In order to efficiently radiate sound waves into water, it is necessary to increase the area of the vibration surface compared to the wavelength and increase the radiation impedance density.
しかし、使用する周波数が低い場合、波長が長
くなり、充分な放射インピーダンス密度を得るた
めの振動面の面積は非常に大きくなつてしまう。
例えば、周波数10KHzにおいて直径10cm高さ５cm
の円筒形電気音響変換器で得られると同等の放射
インピーダンス密度を1KHzで得るためには直径
１ｍ高さ50cmの円筒形電気音響変換器が必要とな
る。しかし、このように大きな圧電セラミツクを
製造することは、非常に困難であり、又仮に製造
できたとしてもこのように大きなものを取扱うこ
とは大変不便である。そこで従来は、波長に比較
して小さな放射面積の電気音響変換器を使用して
いた。この場合、放射インピーダンス密度が小さ
いから、機械音響変換能率が低くなる。そこで、
放射面積が小さい従来の電気音響変換器により所
定の送波音圧を得るためには、高い電圧を圧電セ
ラミツクに印加し、大きな振動変位を発生させる
必要があつた。 However, when the frequency used is low, the wavelength becomes long and the area of the vibration surface to obtain a sufficient radiation impedance density becomes very large.
For example, at a frequency of 10 KHz, the diameter is 10 cm and the height is 5 cm.
In order to obtain the same radiation impedance density at 1 KHz as that obtained with a cylindrical electroacoustic transducer, a cylindrical electroacoustic transducer with a diameter of 1 m and a height of 50 cm is required. However, it is very difficult to manufacture such a large piezoelectric ceramic, and even if it could be manufactured, it would be very inconvenient to handle such a large piezoelectric ceramic. Therefore, conventionally, electroacoustic transducers with a small radiation area compared to the wavelength have been used. In this case, since the radiation impedance density is small, the mechanical-acoustic conversion efficiency is low. Therefore,
In order to obtain a predetermined transmitted sound pressure using a conventional electroacoustic transducer with a small radiation area, it was necessary to apply a high voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic to generate a large vibration displacement.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
ところが、小さい放射面積の電気音響変換器に
より大きな振動変位を得ようとして過大な電圧を
加えるとセラミツクの特性が劣化してしまうの
で、通常300V／mm程度の電界の印加が限度であ
り、これにより振動変位、ひいては送波音圧も制
限されていた。(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, if an excessive voltage is applied in an attempt to obtain a large vibration displacement using an electroacoustic transducer with a small radiation area, the characteristics of ceramic will deteriorate. The limit is the application of the electric field, which limits the vibration displacement and, by extension, the transmitted sound pressure.
そこで、本発明の目的は、上記欠点を解決し、
放射面積が小さくても大きな音圧で送波できる電
気音響変換器の提供にある。 Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks,
To provide an electroacoustic transducer capable of transmitting waves with large sound pressure even if the radiation area is small.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明による電気音響変換器は、電気振動を機
械振動に変換する複数の変換器と、これら変換器
が連結してあり前記機械振動を音響に変換する振
動板とを備えてなり、前記変換器の前記機械振動
は互いに異なる少なくとも２つの方向になされる
ことを特徴とする。(Means for Solving the Problems) An electroacoustic transducer according to the present invention includes a plurality of transducers that convert electrical vibration into mechanical vibration, and a vibration that converts the mechanical vibration into sound. plate, and the mechanical vibration of the transducer is made in at least two different directions.
（作用）
本発明では、電気振動を機械振動に変換する変
換器（電気機械変換器）が２つ以上あり、これら
が共通の振動板に連結してあり、これら電気機械
変換器の機械振動は２つ以上の方向になされる。
従つて、振動板では複数の電気機械変換器の変位
が合成され、しかも振動板と電気機械変換器の連
結点相互間の距離は不変である。すると、互いに
異なる方向の電気機械変換器の変位は振動板にお
いて拡大される。そこで、本発明では、電気機械
変換器の振動変位よりも大きい振動変位を振動板
に起こすことができる。(Function) In the present invention, there are two or more converters (electromechanical converters) that convert electrical vibrations into mechanical vibrations, and these are connected to a common diaphragm, and the mechanical vibrations of these electromechanical converters are done in more than one direction.
Therefore, the displacements of a plurality of electromechanical transducers are combined in the diaphragm, and the distance between the connection points of the diaphragm and the electromechanical transducers remains unchanged. The displacements of the electromechanical transducer in different directions are then magnified at the diaphragm. Therefore, in the present invention, a vibration displacement larger than the vibration displacement of the electromechanical transducer can be caused in the diaphragm.
（実施例）
次に本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説
明する。(Example) Next, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第１図ａは本発明の一実施例である円筒形電気
音響変換器の平面図、同図ｂはその側面図であ
る。ここで、振動板１は金属等の剛性の高い材料
から成る円筒を縦方向に分割した構造であり、こ
こでは４分割した例を示してあるが分割数はこれ
以外でも良い。２は圧電振動子等から成るアクチ
ユエーターであり、振動板１の端部と円筒の内部
の固定軸３との間に挿入してある。４は振動板１
を保持するための保持リングであり、ゴム、プラ
スチツク、FRP又は薄い金属等の振動板１の振
動を妨たげない柔軟な材料から成り外周面から振
動板１を締め付け保持するものである。 FIG. 1a is a plan view of a cylindrical electroacoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1b is a side view thereof. Here, the diaphragm 1 has a structure in which a cylinder made of a highly rigid material such as metal is divided in the vertical direction, and an example in which the diaphragm is divided into four is shown here, but the number of divisions may be other than this. Reference numeral 2 denotes an actuator consisting of a piezoelectric vibrator or the like, which is inserted between the end of the diaphragm 1 and the fixed shaft 3 inside the cylinder. 4 is diaphragm 1
This is a retaining ring for holding the diaphragm 1, and is made of a flexible material such as rubber, plastic, FRP, or thin metal that does not interfere with the vibration of the diaphragm 1, and tightens and holds the diaphragm 1 from the outer peripheral surface.
第２図は、第１図実施例の作動の状況を示す図
であり、第１図の一部を拡大して示してある。こ
こにおいて、実線はアクチユエーター２が収縮し
ている状態を、又破線は伸びている状態を示し、
収縮している状態と伸びている状態との各部の変
位は拡大して示してある。振動板１は、剛性の高
い材料から成つているので変形せずに径方向へ移
動する。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operating situation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and shows a part of FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner. Here, the solid line shows the state in which the actuator 2 is contracted, and the broken line shows the state in which it is extended,
The displacement of each part between the contracted state and the extended state is shown enlarged. Since the diaphragm 1 is made of a highly rigid material, it moves in the radial direction without being deformed.
第３図は第２図をスケルトンで現した図であ
る。ここで、ｌは収縮状態のアクチユエーター２
の長さを、l′は伸びた状態のアクチユエーター２
の長さをそれぞれ示し、ｄは振動板１の変位を示
している。本図の１は振動板１の両端を結ぶ弦を
仮想して引いた線であり、その半分の長さをＬと
してある。今、ｌ＝５cm，Ｌ＝4.8cmとすると、
アクチユエーター２が0.01cm伸びたときはl′＝
5.01cmとなる。この時のｄは次式により示され
る。 FIG. 3 is a skeleton representation of FIG. 2. Here, l is the actuator 2 in the contracted state.
, and l′ is the length of actuator 2 in the extended state.
, and d indicates the displacement of the diaphragm 1. 1 in this figure is a line drawn hypothetically as a string connecting both ends of the diaphragm 1, and L is the half length of the line. Now, if l=5cm and L=4.8cm,
When actuator 2 extends by 0.01cm, l′=
It becomes 5.01cm. At this time, d is expressed by the following equation.
ｄ＝√′2−2−√2−2
そこで、ｄ＝0.0353cmとなる。すなわち、アク
チユエーター２の伸びに対して約3.5倍に変位が
拡大されて、振動板１が移動することとなる。こ
の拡大率はｌとＬを適当に定める事により、自由
に変えることが可能であることは上記の式からも
明らかである。このように、第１図の実施例で
は、アクチユエーター２の伸縮による変位が拡大
されて振動板１の変位として現われ、その拡大さ
れた変位量で振動板１が呼吸振動を行なう。 d=√′ 2 − 2 −√ 2 − 2 Therefore, d=0.0353cm. In other words, the displacement of the actuator 2 is expanded approximately 3.5 times, and the diaphragm 1 moves. It is clear from the above equation that this magnification ratio can be freely changed by appropriately determining l and L. As described above, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the displacement due to expansion and contraction of the actuator 2 is magnified and appears as a displacement of the diaphragm 1, and the diaphragm 1 performs breathing vibration with the expanded displacement amount.
以上説明したように、本実施例では、アクチユ
エーター２の振動変位を拡大して音響放射を行な
うことにより、アクチユエーター２（圧電セラミ
ツク等）に従来と同等の電界を印加すると従来の
電気音響変換器に比べ数倍大きな音圧を発生する
ことが可能である。そこで、放射インピーダンス
密度を大きくするために非常に大型の送波器をを
作らなくても、本実施例を用いることにより、送
波器は小型であつても、大振幅駆動を行なうこと
によつて必要な高い音圧を得ることができる。 As explained above, in this embodiment, by expanding the vibration displacement of the actuator 2 and performing acoustic radiation, applying an electric field equivalent to the conventional one to the actuator 2 (piezoelectric ceramic, etc.) It is possible to generate sound pressure several times greater than that of an acoustic transducer. Therefore, instead of creating a very large transmitter to increase the radiation impedance density, by using this embodiment, even if the transmitter is small, it can be driven with large amplitude. This allows the necessary high sound pressure to be obtained.
（発明の効果）
本発明によれば、以上に詳しく説明したよう
に、放射面積は小さくても大きな音圧で送波でき
る電気音響変換器が提供できる。(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, as described in detail above, an electroacoustic transducer that can transmit waves with a large sound pressure even if the radiation area is small can be provided.
第１図ａは本発明の一実施例を示す平面図、同
図ｂはその側面図、第２図はその実施例の作動状
況を示す部分平面図、第３図は第２図をスケルト
ンで示す図である。
１…振動板、２…アクチユエーター、３…固定
軸、４…保持リング。
FIG. 1a is a plan view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1b is a side view thereof, FIG. FIG. 1... Vibration plate, 2... Actuator, 3... Fixed shaft, 4... Retaining ring.
Claims (1)
から離れた点に設定される固定点と、前記振動板
の端部と前記固定点との間に設けられ電気振動を
機械的な縦振動に変換する複数の変換器とを具備
し、前記変換器の振動は互いに異なる少なくとも
２つの方向になされることを特徴とする電気音響
変換器。1 A diaphragm made of a highly rigid material, a fixed point set at a point away from the diaphragm, and a device installed between the end of the diaphragm and the fixed point to convert electrical vibration into mechanical longitudinal vibration. 1. An electroacoustic transducer, comprising: a plurality of transducers for converting into an electroacoustic transducer, the transducers vibrating in at least two different directions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16596684A JPS6143898A (en) | 1984-08-08 | 1984-08-08 | Electroacoustic transducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16596684A JPS6143898A (en) | 1984-08-08 | 1984-08-08 | Electroacoustic transducer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6143898A JPS6143898A (en) | 1986-03-03 |
| JPH0448038B2 true JPH0448038B2 (en) | 1992-08-05 |
Family
ID=15822390
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16596684A Granted JPS6143898A (en) | 1984-08-08 | 1984-08-08 | Electroacoustic transducer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6143898A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6310698U (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-01-23 | ||
| JPH0510480Y2 (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1993-03-15 | ||
| JPH0453116Y2 (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1992-12-14 | ||
| JP5304492B2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2013-10-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | Acoustic transducer |
| JP5387293B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2014-01-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | Acoustic transducer |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56169500A (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1981-12-26 | Sony Corp | Speaker |
-
1984
- 1984-08-08 JP JP16596684A patent/JPS6143898A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56169500A (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1981-12-26 | Sony Corp | Speaker |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6143898A (en) | 1986-03-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |