JPH0447759B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a hole bending measuring device that measures hole bending by determining the trajectory of a sonde moving up and down inside a borehole (boring hole, pipe hole, etc.). .

[Conventional technology]

When excavating underground cavities such as dams and tunnels, it is necessary to conduct a geological survey of the construction site, reflect it in the design, and take every possible precaution in selecting the construction method to be adopted, how to proceed with construction, and taking safety measures. . In geological investigations in such cases, it is generally necessary to know the direction, inclination, and properties of cracks in the rock, as well as the direction and inclination of the strata. For this reason, investigations are being conducted by drilling at the construction site and collecting and observing cores, or by directly observing the borehole walls.

However, as the boring length becomes longer, crushed stone fragments become trapped near the drilling bit, or due to differences in drilling resistance when diagonally excavating strata interfaces with different hardness, or due to material deformation of the boring rod. Due to unbalanced characteristics, boreholes may be dug in an irregularly curved manner, creating the problem that the geological information obtained through boring does not indicate correct coordinates and directions. On the other hand, in order to improve the economic efficiency of oil well and geothermal drilling, the tip of the borehole is directed in many different directions by artificially bending the hole midway from one mouth, but this is also correct. Hole bending measurement is required. To measure the curvature of a borehole, a magnetic rotating body is attached to a gyro balance device and locked at the observation position, or a so-called tropari is used to take photographs, or a weight is placed on a recording paper that is rotated by a magnetic system. Methods used include the so-called Murata-type inclinometer, which measures the inclination by lowering the attached needle and drilling or marking holes, and the gyroscope, which traces the bending of the hole using a three-way gyroscope.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, conventional methods, such as those using the Tropari or Murata type inclinometer, have the problem of not being able to collect data continuously and are not instantaneous, and those using a gyroscope are expensive. There is a problem that there is a speed limit in order to increase accuracy without any problem, and calibration must be performed each time.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hole bending measuring device that can continuously obtain hole bending measurement data using a simple configuration detecting means, and can immediately check the state of the hole bending measurement data.

[Means for solving problems]

To this end, the present invention is a hole bending measuring device that measures hole bending by determining the locus of a sonde moving up and down inside a borehole, in which an encoder plate coupled with a magnet is rotatably placed in a container filled with a transparent specific gravity liquid. A direction detecting means for detecting the inclination direction of the sonde by supporting the encoder plate horizontally by rotatably supporting the container with an axis parallel to the axis of the sonde and an axis perpendicular to the axis of the sonde, and enclosing a transparent specific gravity liquid. An encoder plate with a weight coupled to it is rotatably supported in the container, and the container is rotatably supported by an axis perpendicular to the axis and parallel to the axis of the sonde, and the encoder plate is vertically supported to determine the inclination angle of the sonde. An inclination angle detection means detects the protrusion length of the cable suspending the sonde from the ground, a length detection means detects the protrusion length of the cable suspending the sonde from the ground, and the vertical component movement amount of the sonde is determined from the detection signals of the inclination direction, inclination angle and protrusion length. The present invention is characterized in that it includes a data processing means that calculates the amount of movement of each azimuth component on a plane of the sonde, integrates each amount of movement, and obtains a trajectory.

[Effect]

With the hole bending measuring device of the present invention, it is possible to determine in which direction (east, west, north, south, or north) the borehole at a certain position of the sonde is tilted based on the tilt direction angle of the sonde, and how much the borehole is tilted is determined from the tilt angle of the sonde. . Therefore, the length of the borehole and the bending direction of the borehole are calculated from this data and the cable extension length, and by integrating these, the trajectory of the sonde, that is, the trajectory of the borehole is determined.

〔Example〕

Examples will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of how the compass and inclinometer are installed, Fig. 2 is a diagram to explain the detection angle of the compass and inclinometer, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the system configuration of one embodiment of the present invention. , FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the processing by the system of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of display output by the system of FIG. 3. In the figure,
1 is a sonde, 2 is a direction meter, 3 is an inclinometer, 4 is a cable, 5 is a depth meter, 6 and 7 are a calculation section, 8 is a storage section, 9 is a control section, and 10 is an output control section. .

In FIG. 1, a compass 2 and an inclinometer 3 are provided in a sonde 1 as means for measuring hole bending. The compass 2 has first supporting points A, A' that are rotatable around a line l that coincides with the axis of the sonde 1, as shown by the dotted line in the figure, and rotates around a line m that is orthogonal to the line l. It is attached to the sonde 1 at fulcrums A and A' via second fulcrums Q and Q' which are now free, and the measuring part is always supported in an unchanged state in the vertical direction from the ground. As will be described later with reference to FIG. 6, a magnet is built in to measure the angle of inclination of the sonde 1. Similarly, the inclinometer 3 has fulcrums R and R' that are rotatable around the line 1, and is attached to the sonde 1 at points B and B', so that the measuring part adjusts according to the inclination of the sonde 1. It is designed to rotate around an axis l, and has a built-in weight as described later with reference to FIG. 8 to measure the inclination angle of the sonde 1.

Therefore, in the three-dimensional coordinate space consisting of x, y, and z shown in Figure 2, the x-axis direction is the north-south direction, the y-axis direction is the east-west direction, and the z-axis direction is the direction of the earth's gravity. Then, the azimuth angle θ represents the direction from the north, and the inclination angle φ represents the inclination from the horizontal plane. For the sonde shown in FIG. 1, the azimuth angle θ shown in FIG. Inclinometer 3
The inclination angle φ shown in FIG. 2 can be determined from the inclination angle indicated by . Therefore, now the reference point D shown in Figure 1 is set to the north direction, and this is set as the reference direction, and the azimuth angle θ and the inclination angle φ are 0 with the direction meter 2 and the inclinometer 3 shown in Figure 1. Suppose we define Then, for example, if the borehole is tilted northward by an angle α from the state shown in FIG. 1, the azimuth angle θ becomes 0 and the inclination angle φ becomes α. Further, when the borehole is tilted toward the west direction by an angle α, the compass 2 and the inclinometer 3 rotate 90° counterclockwise about the line 1. Therefore, the azimuth angle θ is −
90°, the inclination angle φ is α.

Next, a system shown in FIG. 3 for measuring hole bending based on the azimuth angle θ and the inclination angle φ measured using the above-mentioned azimuth meter 2 and inclinometer 3 will be described. In FIG. 3, a depth gauge 5 is installed in a ground controller that controls the length of the cable 4, and detects the length of the cable 4 that has been pulled out. When the depth meter 5 detects that the length of the cable 4 has reached the unit length, the calculation unit 6 calculates the azimuth angle θ, from the compass 2 and the inclinometer 2.
A device that reads the inclination angle φ and calculates the extension lengths Δx, Δy, and Δz of the cable 4 according to each component corresponding to the coordinate space shown in Fig. 2 from the extension length ΔL, azimuth angle θ, and inclination angle φ of the cable 4. and are respectively expressed as Δx=ΔL cosφ cosθ Δy=ΔL cosφ sinθ Δz=ΔL sinφ.

The arithmetic unit 7 stores the information from the storage unit 8 to the previous time Δx, Δy,
Sonde position coordinates determined by integrating Δz
Read X _i , Y _i , Z _i , add the protrusion lengths Δx, Δy, Δz calculated by the calculation unit 6 to these, and obtain the current sonde position coordinates X _i+1 , Y _i+1 , Z _{i +1} , and each is expressed as X _i+1 = X _i +Δx Y _i+1 = Y _i +Δy Z _i+1 = Z _i +Δz.

Therefore, for example, if the opening is (0, 0, 0),
Point A 10m north, 30m west, 50m underground (10,
30, 50), the sonde moves from this position to θ=
0, If you extend the cable 10m in the direction of φ = 30° and move it, the amount of change will be Δx = 10 × cos30° cos0 = 8.7 Δy = 10 × cos30° sin0 = 0 Δz = 10 × sin30° = 5 , so its position (current position) is X _i+1 =10+8.7=18.7 Y _i+1 =30+0=30 Z _i+1 =50+5=55. In other words, 18.7m in the north direction and 30m in the west direction.
This means that the sonde is located 55m underground.

The storage unit 8 stores the sonde position coordinates X, Y, and Z calculated by the calculation unit 7 in chronological order. This storage unit 8 stores the sonde position coordinates X,
FIG. 4 shows the flow of processing up to storing Y and Z in chronological order. and output control section 10
is for drawing and outputting the trajectory of the sonde on, for example, a CRT display or an XY plotter from the position coordinates X, Y, and Z stored in the storage section 8. Figure 5a shows an example of the sonde trajectory drawn using a north-south cross section, and Figure 5b shows an example of the sonde trajectory drawn using an east-west cross section.
FIG. 5c shows an example of the trajectory of the sonde viewed two-dimensionally from above, and FIG. 5d shows an example of the trajectory of the sonde drawn three-dimensionally. Note that the control section 9 controls the entirety of the above-mentioned calculation sections 6 and 7, storage section 8, and output control section 10.

Fig. 6 shows an example of the compass used in the present invention, Fig. 7 shows an example of how the compass shown in Fig. 6 is attached, and Fig. 8 shows an example of the inclinometer used in the present invention. 9 is a diagram showing an example of mounting the compass shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of an incremental encoder system applied to a compass and inclinometer, and FIG. 11 FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of an absolute type encoder system applied to a compass and an inclinometer. In the figure, 11 and 21 are cases, 12 and 22 are specific gravity liquids, and 13 and 23
is a bearing, 14 is a magnet, 15 and 25 are encoder plates, 16 and 26 are light receiving parts, 17 and 27 are light emitting parts,
24 is a float, 28 is a weight, 31 and 32 are inversion holding circuits, 33 is an inverter, 34 and 35 are exclusive OR circuits, 36 is an up/down counter, 37
indicate decoders, respectively.

In the direction meter shown in FIG. 6, the specific gravity liquid 12 sealed in the case 11 is a transparent liquid, such as silicone liquid, such that the weight applied to the bearing 13 of the movable part consisting of the magnet 14 and the encoder plate 15 is almost zero. It's oil. By supporting the movable part in the specific gravity liquid 12 with a bearing 13, the magnet 14 exhibits smooth movement as the amount of gravity is corrected due to the buoyancy and viscosity of the specific gravity liquid 12, and the magnet 14 always points in the north direction. I'll be heading there. A light emitting section 17 and a light receiving section 16 are arranged opposite to the encoder plate 15 that moves together with the magnet 14, and the light emitting section 17 irradiates the encoder plate 15 with light, and the light receiving section 16 receives the light. Then determine the direction. To determine the direction,
For example, by using the position of the encoder plate 15 when the observation direction of the sonde is facing north as a reference, the observation direction of the sonde changes, and when the case 11 rotates according to the displacement, the light receiving section 6 The rotation angle of the encoder plate 15 is determined by the signal of
Determine the displacement from the north direction. FIG. 7 shows an example of how this compass is mounted. In FIG. 7, the case 11 is connected via the rotatable fulcrums P, P' and fulcrums Q, Q' as described above, and is fixed to the sonde at fixed points A, A'. The line connecting these fixed points A and A' is perpendicular when the sonde is facing straight down (corresponds to the direction of the axis of the sonde).
It is adjusted so that Therefore, even if the inclination of the sonde changes and the inclination of the line connecting the fixed points A-A' changes, the attitude of the case 11 does not change, and the encoder plate 15 is maintained in a horizontal state, achieving high measurement accuracy. Obtainable. In addition, if rotational movement occurs on the line connecting fulcrums A and A' with the direction of the sonde axis facing directly below or directly above, the output will be uncertain, but in this case, the direction of the sonde Since the horizontal component of is 0, measurement data from the compass 2 is not required.

In the inclinometer shown in FIG.
5 is attached with a float 24 and a weight 28.
The encoder plate 25 is vertically supported within the case 21 by a bearing 23 so that the side to which the weight 28 is attached always faces downward. Therefore, although FIG. 8b represents a side view (cross-sectional view) of FIG. The position of will change, and the inclination will be measured by detecting the amount of change. FIG. 9 shows an example of how this inclinometer is installed. 9th
In the figure, the case 21 is connected via the rotatable fulcrums R and R' as described above.
It is fixed to the sonde at fixed points B and B'. The line connecting these fixed points B and B' is adjusted so that it is vertical (in a direction coinciding with the axis of the sonde) when the sonde is facing straight down. Therefore, no matter which direction the sonde is tilted, the case 21 will move B,
The encoder plate 25 rotates around the line connecting B.
can be maintained vertically at all times to obtain high measurement accuracy. That is, the inclinometer is supported so that it does not tilt in the left-right direction as shown in FIG. 8a, but only in the left-right direction as shown in FIG. 8b as the sonde inclines.

Measuring mechanisms using an encoder plate include, for example, the incremental encoder system shown in FIG. 10, the absolute encoder system shown in FIG. 11, and the principles of these will be explained below.

The incremental encoder system has slits S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ as shown in Figure 10a.
are provided on the encoder plate, and the light receiving section receives light from the light emitting section through these slits S ₁ , S ₂ , and S ₃ . Among the slits S ₁ , S ₂ , and S ₃ , the slits S ₁ and S ₂ are for detecting the rotation direction and the rotation angle, and the slit S ₃ is for setting the reference position. FIG. 10b shows the slit S ₁ ,
This shows an example of a circuit that detects the rotation direction and rotation angle using the _S2 signal.
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the circuit shown in FIG.

In FIG. 10b, inversion holding circuits 31 and 32
is a circuit that inverts and holds the output every time a pulse is input, and the inversion holding circuit 31 has a slit.
The signal of S ₁ is supplied, and the signal of slit S ₂ is supplied to the inversion holding circuit 32. Therefore, when the encoder plate rotates, the inversion/holding circuits 31 and 32 output waveforms as shown in FIG. 10c, depending on the direction. Therefore, a clock is generated by inputting the output waveform of the inverting/holding circuit 31, the signal passed through the differentiating circuit and the inverter 33, and the output waveform to the exclusive OR circuit 35, and the output waveform and By inputting it to the summation circuit 34, an up/down designation signal is generated. The up/down counter 36 is operated by this clock and the up/down designation signal, and its value indicates a value corresponding to the rotation angle of the slit _S3 from the reference position. The decoder 37 converts the value of the up/down counter 36 into an angle signal.

In addition, in the case of an absolute encoder system, the encoder plate is divided into predetermined rotation angles and painted into black and white patterns, as shown in Figure 11a, and the light receiving section receives the reflected light from these black and white patterns. It is intended to do so. In the case of the example shown in FIG. 11a, the rotation angle is divided into 22.5° rotation angles, and the rotation angle is determined based on black and white patterns in the areas A0 _{to A3} . Therefore, the 11th
According to the judgment table shown in Figure b, A ₀ to A ₃
If the black and white pattern in the area is "0010", it is determined that the rotation angle is between 45° and 67.5°.

As mentioned above, the compass and inclinometer are not limited to the encoder type, but any potentiometer type or other type that can detect the relative rotation angle between the fixed side and the rotating side can be adopted as appropriate. Of course it is. Further, the configuration of accommodating the rotation angle detection section in the specific gravity liquid to improve measurement sensitivity is not limited to the above-mentioned example, and may be expanded as appropriate. The measurement data transmission means for the compass and inclinometer can also be constructed using well-known technology, such as equipping a transmitter inside the sonde and configuring it to transmit data in response to a request from a controller on the ground. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these configurations.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, the specific gravity liquid is sealed in the container and the encoder plate is rotatably supported, so that the bearing resistance of the encoder plate can be reduced, and a simple and compact Detection sensitivity can be increased depending on the configuration. Furthermore, since the rotation angle of each encoder plate can be directly detected as the tilt direction and tilt angle of the sonde, signal processing can be easily performed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain continuous hole bending data relatively easily without using complicated and expensive equipment, and to check the spatial arrangement of the borehole, deviations from the planned position, and even the actual depth and vertical position. You can also know the depth. Therefore, geological surveys can be carried out accurately.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of how the compass and inclinometer are installed, Fig. 2 is a diagram to explain the detection angle of the compass and inclinometer, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the system configuration of one embodiment of the present invention. , FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the processing by the system in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of display output by the system in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is an example of the compass used in the present invention. , FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of how the compass shown in FIG. 6 is installed, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the inclinometer used in the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the compass shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of an incremental encoder system applied to a direction meter and an inclinometer.
The figure is a diagram for explaining an example of an absolute type encoder system applied to a compass and an inclinometer. 1...Sonde, 2...Direction meter, 3...Inclinometer,
4...Cable, 5...Depth meter, 6 and 7...Calculation unit, 8...Storage unit, 9...Control unit, 10...Output control unit, 11 and 21...Case, 12 and 22...
Specific gravity liquid, 13 and 23...Bearing, 14...Magnet, 1
5 and 25... Encoder plate, 16 and 26... Light receiving section, 17 and 27... Light emitting section, 24... Float, 28
...Weight, 31 and 32...Inversion holding circuit, 33...
...Inverter, 34 and 35...Exclusive OR circuit,
36...up/down counter, 37...decoder.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A hole bending measurement device that measures hole bending by determining the trajectory of a sonde moving up and down inside a borehole, which comprises a rotatable encoder plate having a magnet coupled to a container filled with a transparent specific gravity liquid. A direction detection means for detecting the tilt direction of the sonde by horizontally supporting the encoder plate by rotatably supporting the container on axes parallel to and perpendicular to the axis of the sonde, and enclosing a transparent specific gravity liquid. An encoder plate with a weight connected thereto is rotatably supported in a container, and the container is rotatably supported by an axis that is perpendicular to the axis and parallel to the axis of the sonde, so that the encoder plate is vertically supported and the sonde is tilted. An inclination angle detection means for detecting the angle, a length detection means for detecting the protruding length of a cable suspending the sonde from the ground, and a movement amount of the vertical component of the sonde from the detection signals of the above-mentioned inclination direction, inclination angle, and protrusion length. What is claimed is: 1. A hole bending measuring device comprising: data processing means for calculating the amount of movement of each azimuth component on a plane of the sonde, and calculating the trajectory by integrating each amount of movement.