JPH0441614B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a physiological three-dimensional articulator to which a dental plaster model is attached and used in the production of prosthetics and the like.

[Conventional technology]

The most important function of teeth is to chew,
The purpose of treatment for cavities is to restore the most natural state of interposition. A three-dimensional articulator is a device that can simulate the occlusal state of teeth and manufacture removable local dentures and complete denture bridge crowns that match the function of teeth in the human body. Various types of three-dimensional articulators of this type have been developed, as described, for example, in ``Dictionary of Articulation'' published by Shorin Co., Ltd. on March 20, 1971.

Among them, the maxillary frame has the movement path that the mandibular condyle shows during mandibular movement, that is, the guiding part of the jaw tract.
A so-called Alcon type fully adjustable articulator, which has a condyle on the mandibular frame, and a simulator articulator, which allows each component to be adjusted to anatomical average values, are widely known.

However, considering the structure of the human body, in which the upper jaw has a movable fulcrum and the lower jaw rotates around this point, the Alcon type fully adjustable articulator has a movable fulcrum in the upper jaw. It operates according to the following conditions.

Unlike the human body, these conventional articulators all operate from the upper jaw, and from the perspective of the human body structure,
The actual measurements of jaw tract inclination angle, lateral and forward movement, and mouth opening movement are extremely unnatural, and the occlusal cushioning for the teeth does not mechanically disperse the partial pressure, so there is a fundamental problem with its structure.

In order to solve the basic problem caused by the fact that the movable frame of this articulator is located in the opposite position to the structure of the human body, an articulator has also been developed in which a condyle is provided on the upper jaw frame and the lower jaw frame is movable.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, the movement of the jaw during occlusion of the human body's teeth is extremely complex, and in order to make the physiological three-dimensional articulator a movable mandibular frame type, it was necessary to It is not as simple as simply attaching the condyle to the maxillary frame, but the mandibular frame must have a structure that perfectly simulates the actual jaw tract.

An object of the present invention is to provide a physiological three-dimensional articulator with a movable lower jaw frame that can most faithfully follow the jaw path of the human body.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention adapts to the mandibular movement pattern in which the incisal edge of the anterior tooth moves downward and backward in an arc and the head of the temporomandibular joint moves forward and downward in accordance with the conventionally known aperture.
By correcting the movement of the movement fulcrum, the articulator has a structure that allows more accurate simulation than conventional articulators.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of the opening/closing state of the human oral cavity, particularly the movement locus of the tip B of the mandibular anterior teeth.

Referring to FIG. 16, the locus of the tip B of the lower front teeth formed by the opening movement of the lower jaw A is the second point of the circle.
In the skeleton of the mandible A that moves circularly within the quadrant, in the vertical part a and the bent part b that form the skeleton of the mandible A,
A rotation center O is located on the vertical portion a, and a locus T centered on the rotation center O is formed with the distance between the rotation center O and the tip B of the mandibular anterior teeth, which is the tip of the occlusal plane straight line, as the rotation radius.

Moreover, the same trajectory T is not a perfect circular arc, and the rotation center O moves to O ₁ while forming a constant inclination angle on the vertical part a of the skeleton of the lower jaw A according to the opening.
Further, the intersection D with the second cervical odontoid process C on the occlusal plane straight line (straight line) moves on the second cervical dentary process C and moves to _D1 .

In other words, the movement locus of the tips of the front teeth of the mandible shown in Fig. 16 is realized as movement of the center of rotation on the extension of the radius of rotation, and the mandibular position reproduction mechanism is efficiently realized and approximated to actual occlusion. This is what the present invention has accomplished.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, features of the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the articulator of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are a plan view and a side view, respectively.

In the figure, the articulator is based on a pedestal 1 on which a support 2 is erected, and a lower jaw position reproduction mechanism 3 and an upper jaw position reproduction mechanism 4 are connected to the upper end of the support 2, respectively.

The maxillary position reproduction mechanism 4 has an maxillary frame 4b pivotally attached to the front surface of the upper end of the support column 2 so as to be rotatable up and down by a hinge 4a, and a mounting plate 4c for holding a plaster mold on the lower surface of the tip thereof. ing. The base end of the maxillary frame 4b is provided with an operating screw 4d that is screwed into the maxillary frame 4b from above through the hinge 4a, and by loosening the operating screw 4d and removing it from the maxillary frame 4b, the maxillary frame 4b can be moved upwardly. can be opened.

On the other hand, the mandibular position reproduction mechanism 3 is connected to a pivot base 5 provided at the upper end of the support column 2. The pivot base 5 is connected to the upper end of the support column 2 by a pivot 5a and is pivotable about the pivot 5a. Note that a coil spring 2a is interposed between the swing base 5 and the support column 2. Furthermore, reproduction motion blocks 6 and 7 are attached to the left and right sides of the swing base 5 by pivot shafts 6a and 7a, respectively, so as to be able to swing up and down. These reproduction operation blocks 6,
7 are integrated by a connecting rod 8, and a spring 8a is provided between the central portion of the connecting rod 8 and the column. The spring 8a is a tension coil spring, and biases the rear ends of the reproducing motion blocks 6, 7 clockwise around the pivots 6a, 7a in FIG.

The base ends of a bifurcated mandibular frame 9 are connected to the reproduction motion blocks 6 and 7, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, this mandibular frame 9 is
It has a shape in which the connection point side with the reproduction operation blocks 6 and 7 stands up in a straight line, and the lower side is gently bent forward. A mounting plate 9a is integrated at the tip of the lower jaw frame 9.

FIG. 4 is a plan view when the swing base 5 is turned and the mandibular position reproduction mechanism 3 is swung to the left when viewed from the front. As shown, the pivot base 5 has its pivot 5
It rotates clockwise around a, and the mounting plate 9a also moves to the left and at the same time retreats slightly to the rear. Further, in the case of actual movement, the mounting plate 9a lowers a little and changes its posture so that the front side is lowered, as will be described later. In order to reproduce the operation of the mandibular position reproduction mechanism 3, reproduction operation blocks 6, 7 and other mechanisms are constructed.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the reproduction operation block 6. Inside the reproduction operation block 6, holes 6b and 6c whose axes are parallel to each other are formed over the entire length.
A cylinder 10 is provided at the tip of the lower hole 6c. The cylinder 10 has an actuator 10a protruding from the cylinder 10, whose tip is inserted into a connecting hole 9b formed in the lower jaw frame 9, and is connected to the cylinder 10 by a pin 9c. The actuator 10a is biased to the right in FIG. 5 by a compression coil spring 10b built into the cylinder 10, and constantly draws the lower jaw frame 9 toward the reproduction motion block 6. Further, a slide block 11 is built into the back side of the hole 6c so as to be slidable in the axial direction. A tension coil spring 11a housed in the hole 6c is connected to this slide block 11.
This is connected to the upper end of the lower jaw frame 9.

Furthermore, a cover 12 is provided at the tip of the reproducing operation block 6 so as to be openable and closable. This cover 12 is rotatable up and down by a pivot 12a, and is assembled so that the upper end of the lower jaw frame 9 abuts against its lower surface. That is, the lower surface of the cover 12 is connected to the spherical portion 9d formed at the upper end of the lower jaw frame 9.
functions as a restraint surface 12b against which it abuts. As shown in FIG. 5, this restraining surface 12b is inclined so that the tip side is downward, and the lower jaw frame 9 moves so as to be pushed down by this inclination. It should be noted that the reproduction operation block 7 on the right side has a completely similar configuration, and a detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.

A restraining rod 13 is provided on the front surface of the support column 2, which serves as a fulcrum for the rotational movement of the lower jaw frame 9, which is operated by the reproduction motion blocks 6 and 7. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the restraint rod 13 is mounted in a horizontal position at a height that abuts against the straight portion of the upper end of the lower jaw frame 9. FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing the positional relationship of the restraint rod 13 with respect to the mandibular frame 9. The restraining rod 13 has a receiving portion 13 having a substantially circular cross section with both ends bent toward the back side.
It forms a.

FIG. 6a shows the case when the mandibular position reproduction mechanism 3 is located at the center, and there is a slight gap between the back of the circumferential surface of the bifurcated mandibular frame 9 and the receiving part 13a. ing. It should be noted that the lower jaw frame 9 may be assembled in such a way that the lower jaw frame 9 is in light contact with the receiving portion 13a without this gap. Figure b shows the state in which the actuator 10a of the right reproduction movement block 7 is pushed out and the lower jaw frame 9 is swung to the left when viewed from the front, and Figure c shows the situation in which it is swung to the right. .

Further, the pedestal 1 is provided with a guide block 14 for pushing the lower jaw frame 9 downward.
As shown in FIG. 3, this guide block 14 is located at the distal end side of the pedestal 1 and is arranged to receive a guide pin 15 connected to the lower end of the mandibular frame 9. The guide pin 15 is supported by a support rod 15a connected to the lower end of the mandibular frame 9 and a support arm 15b extending horizontally from the support rod 15a.
In the figure, the guide pin 15 is in a vertical position.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the guide block 14 seen from the bottom side, and FIGS. 8a and 8b are cross-sectional views taken along the - line and - line arrows in FIG. 7, respectively.

As shown in the figure, the bottom surface of the guide block 14 is formed with a recess 14a having a triangular cross section in the width direction, and the left and right sloped walls 14b, 14c and the tip side sloped wall 14d are provided as surfaces on which the guide pin 15 is rolled. ing. As shown in FIG. 8, the upper end of the guide pin 15 abuts against the inner wall of the recess 14a, and when the guide pin 15 is moved from side to side in FIG. The frame 9 moves to the left or right while its tip is lowered. In addition, the guide pin 15 is connected to the guide block 14 in FIG. 8b.
When the mandibular frame 9 is moved toward the distal end side, the distal end of the mandibular frame 9 hits the inclined wall 14d and similarly moves forward while lowering.

The lower jaw frame 9 has a plaster mold integrally fixed to its mounting plate 9a, and moves in a manner similar to the movement of the human lower jaw. This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the posture of the mandibular frame 9 when it is in a normal mouth closed state. As shown, the mounting plate 9a is in a substantially horizontal position, and the swing base 5 is also in a centered position.

FIG. 10 shows a state in which the mandibular frame 9 is pushed down, and the dashed dotted line in the figure shows the closed state in FIG. 9. Mounting plate 9a
When the lower jaw frame 9 is pushed down as shown in Fig. 9a, the lower jaw frame 9 rotates counterclockwise, and at the same time the cylinders 6 and 7 also rotate around their pivots 6a and 7a so that their tips point downward. Change your posture. To explain such an operation in more detail with reference to FIG. 5, FIG. Rotate so that the lower end side moves backward. That is, since the midway back of the mandibular frame 9 abuts against the receiving part 13a of the restraining rod 13, the center of rotation of the mandibular frame 9 when the mounting plate 9a starts to be pushed down is at the point of contact with the receiving part 13a. becomes. After this, in the reproduction operation blocks 6 and 7, the slide block 11 moves forward as shown in FIG.
A also begins to move forward. Due to this movement, the spherical part 9d at the upper end of the lower jaw frame 9 abuts against the inclined restraint surface 12b of the cover 12, so that the pivot 6
These reproduction operation blocks 6 and 7 are placed around a and 7a.
rotates and assumes an inclined position with the tip facing downward.

From the above, when the tip of the mandibular frame 9 is pushed down, the mandibular frame 9 first rotates counterclockwise around the point of contact with the receiving portion 13a as the rotation center. With this rotation, the lower jaw frame 9 tilts the postures of the reproduction motion blocks 6 and 7 downward, so that the point where the lower jaw frame 9 contacts the receiving portion 13a gradually shifts to a position higher than the original contact point. do. That is, the mandibular frame 9 comes into contact with the receiving part 13a while shifting downward, and the mandibular frame 9
The center of rotation changes with time. Therefore, the mounting plate 9a at the tip of the mandibular frame 9 begins to move downward with the radius of rotation equal to the distance from the receiving portion 13a when the mouth is closed, and then follows a trajectory in which the radius of rotation gradually becomes smaller. Move while drawing.

Such movement of the mandibular frame 9 enables movement of the mounting plate 9a that approximates the opening and closing movements of the human mandible.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example in which the mounting plate 9a is pulled out to the front. When the mounting plate 9a is moved forward, the guide pin 15 provided on the lower jaw frame 9 moves to the right in FIG. 8b. Therefore, the guide pin 15 abuts against the downwardly inclined inclined wall 14d, and as it moves forward, the guide pin 15 moves downward while following the inclined wall 14d. Therefore, the mandibular frame 9 moves forward with the front side of the mounting plate 9a tilting downward as shown in FIG. 11a. At this time, for the reproduction motion blocks 6 and 7, the lower jaw frame 9 is actuated by the actuator 10.
a, and the upper end spherical portion 9d hits the restraint surface 12b of the cover 12, so that the reproducing operation blocks 6 and 7 take a posture of tilting forward as in the case of FIG. 10.

When moving the mounting plate 9a forward in this way, the movement of the mounting plate 9a approximates the movement of the human lower jaw due to the guide by the guide block 14 and the change in the center of rotation due to the inclination of the reproduction movement blocks 6 and 7. Exercise becomes possible.

Furthermore, FIG. 12 shows the mounting plate 9a.
An example of swinging to the left when viewed from the front is shown.

Push the mounting plate 9a to the left,
As shown in FIG.
Turn around a. At this time, the guide pin 15 provided on the mandibular frame 9 moves to the right in FIG. 8a, and the guide pin 15 is moved to the right side in FIG.
is pushed down. Therefore, the lower jaw frame 9 moves downward at the same time as turning to the left, and as a result of the combination of this turning action and the downward movement, the mounting plate 9a moves to the left and lowers, and at the same time, the lower jaw frame 9 moves downward. As shown in Figure 12a, the tip is set in a downwardly inclined position. At this time, due to the rotation of the mandibular frame 9, the mandibular frame 9 also assumes an inclined posture with respect to the restraint rod 13, as shown in FIG. 6b.

Even in such a movement to the left, it is possible to move the mounting plate 9a in a way that approximates the movement of the human lower jaw by changing the center of rotation of the lower jaw frame 9, as in the case of the example shown in FIG. Become.

Furthermore, when the mounting plate 9a is pushed to the left in FIG. 12, the actuator 10a of the reproduction movement block 7 on the right side when viewed from the front extends, and the mandibular frame 9 is placed in a position facing further to the left. In other words, when the swing base 5 rotates, the actuator 10a of the left reproduction operation block 6 temporarily retreats and returns to its original position, whereas within a certain value of rotation angle, the actuator 10a of the right reproduction operation block 7 It hardly moves. On the other hand, if the mounting plate 9a is further pushed to the left after the rotation base 5 has rotated to the maximum angle, the actuator 10a of the reproduction operation block 7 will be pulled forward, and the lower jaw frame 9 will be moved beyond the rotation angle of the rotation base 5. Change your posture further to the left. FIG. 12b shows this state, and it can be seen that the lower jaw frame 9 has moved further to the left from the direction of rotation of the rotation base 5.

Note that a fixing plate 20 for fixing the plaster mold when it is placed on the mounting plate 9a can also be attached. As shown in FIG. 13, the fixing plate 20 is set so as to span between the mounting plate 9a and the bifurcated portion of the lower jaw frame 9. The fixing plate 20 is made of a transparent plastic plate or the like,
As shown in FIG. 14, a stud 21 is provided on one side, and a notch 22 for sandwiching the lower jaw frame 9 is provided at one end. When assembled as shown in Fig. 13, the upper surface of the plaster mold P is restrained and fixed as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 3, and the transparency of the material can also be used for observation. . Further, a lock plate 16 is provided on the pedestal 1 to hold the mounting plate 9a when it is lowered. This lock plate 16
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, is attached to the front side of the base 1 and is rotatable by a pin 16a. FIG. 15 is a front view showing the lock plate 16 portion, and when the mounting plate 9a is lowered, the lock plate 16 is removed as shown in FIG. 15b.
The mounting plate 9a can be held in an upright position, and the mounting plate 9a can be restrained and held.

Here, connect the upper end of the lower jaw frame 9 and the restraint rod 1.
The distance between the point of contact with the receiving part 13a of
The distance is made equal to the distance between the hard palate and the occlusal plane in Figure 6. Thereby, the displacement of the contact point with the receiving part 13a when the mandibular frame 9 rotates can be made to correspond to the displacement from the rotation center O to _O1 .
Therefore, the movement of the mandibular frame 9 can be approximated to the movement of the mandible in the oral cavity.

Further, since the mandibular frame 9 can be moved back and forth by the reproduction movement blocks 6 and 7, the position of the mounting plate 9a can be appropriately set for each patient. Therefore, the characteristics of individual plaster molds can be clearly expressed.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The physiological three-dimensional articulator of the present invention can achieve the following effects.

B. The ecology of a patient's teeth can be accurately reproduced, so
The accuracy of treatment effects can be improved.

(b) Since the specifications of the device itself are basically the same as conventional articulators, it can be used for other purposes without causing any discomfort to the therapist.

C. Since the structure is simple and lightweight, there are no restrictions on how it can be used.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the articulator of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view, Fig. 3 is a side view, Fig. 4 is a plan view when the mandibular position reproduction mechanism is swung sideways, and Fig. 5 a. 5B is a longitudinal sectional view of the reproduction motion block, FIG. 5B is a longitudinal sectional view when the mandibular frame is rotated, FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing the positional relationship between the mandibular frame and the restraining rod, and FIG. 7 is a guide. A perspective view of the block seen from the bottom, Figures 8a and b are sectional views taken along the - line and - line arrows in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a diagram showing the posture of the mandibular frame when the mouth is closed, and Figure 10. Figure 11 is a diagram when the mandibular frame is pushed down, Figure 11 is a diagram when the mandibular frame is pulled forward, Figure 12 is a diagram when the mandibular frame is swung to the left when viewed from the front, Figure 1
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the fixing plate set on the articulator, Figure 14 is a perspective view of the fixing plate, Figure 15 is a diagram showing the locking of the mounting plate, and Figure 16 is the basic movement of the human oral cavity. Show a pattern. 1... Pedestal, 2... Support, 3... Lower jaw position reproduction mechanism, 4... Upper jaw position reproduction mechanism, 4a... Hinge, 4
b...Upper jaw frame, 4c...Mounting plate, 4d...Operation screw, 5...Swivel base,
5a... Axis, 6, 7... Reproduction operation block, 6
a, 7a...axis, 8...connection rod, 8a...
Spring, 9... Lower jaw frame, 9a... Mounting plate, 9b... Connection hole, 9c...
Pin, 9d...Spherical part, 10...Cylinder, 10
a...actuator, 10b...compression coil spring, 11...slide block, 11a...
...Tension coil spring, 12...Cover,
12a... Pivot, 12b... Restraint surface, 13... Restraint rod, 13a... Receiving portion, 14... Guide block, 14a... Recess, 14b, 14c, 14
d... Slanted wall, 15... Guide pin, 15a...
Support rod, 15b...support arm, 16...lock plate, 16a...pin, 20...fixing plate, 21...stud, 22...notch.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A maxillary frame is provided on a column fixed to a pedestal, and has a mounting plate at its tip that is horizontally adjustable, has a downward mounting plate, and is rotatable upward approximately about the column. an maxillary position reproduction mechanism; a lower jaw that is horizontally rotatable with respect to the pillar, has a mounting plate that is horizontally adjustable at its tip and faces upward, and is rotatable upward approximately about the pillar; a mandibular position reproduction mechanism having a frame, and when the mandibular frame is rotated upward, the uppermost part of the mandibular frame is fixed to the mounting plate of the mandibular frame and the mounting plate of the maxillary frame, respectively. In an articulator that interlocks with a plaster mold, the upper end of the rotatable mandibular frame in the mandibular position reproduction mechanism is slidable in the horizontal axis direction by a slide block and extends downward from the base end of the mandibular frame. A physiological three-dimensional articulator, characterized in that a rotation center provided in the lower jaw frame is formed to move up and down as the upper end of the lower jaw frame slides.