JPH0435751B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0435751B2 JPH0435751B2 JP15940385A JP15940385A JPH0435751B2 JP H0435751 B2 JPH0435751 B2 JP H0435751B2 JP 15940385 A JP15940385 A JP 15940385A JP 15940385 A JP15940385 A JP 15940385A JP H0435751 B2 JPH0435751 B2 JP H0435751B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- general formula
- layer
- substituent
- electrophotographic photoreceptor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 36
- -1 diphenylene sulfite Chemical compound 0.000 description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 5
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MYKQKWIPLZEVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11h-benzo[a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1N2 MYKQKWIPLZEVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical group C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MYONAGGJKCJOBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzimidazol-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(=O)N=C21 MYONAGGJKCJOBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Chemical group COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002382 photo conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXBSSAFKXWFUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trinitrofluoren-9-one Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C([N+](=O)[O-])C([N+]([O-])=O)=C2[N+]([O-])=O ZXBSSAFKXWFUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002030 1,2-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([*:2])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFKNYYQRWMMFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-9h-carbazole;formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C.N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(CC)=CC=C2 LFKNYYQRWMMFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOERSAVCLPYNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluoren-9-one Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C2=C1C=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C2[N+]([O-])=O JOERSAVCLPYNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVNMKGQIOLSWHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C(=O)C3=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C3OC2=C1[N+]([O-])=O FVNMKGQIOLSWHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHQGURIJMFPBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C3=CC=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C3C(=O)C2=C1 VHQGURIJMFPBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCQLACGUXBFKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,7-trinitro-1-oxo-2h-fluoren-9-ylidene)propanedinitrile Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2C(C(=CC(C3=O)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+]([O-])=O)=C3C(=C(C#N)C#N)C2=C1 WCQLACGUXBFKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBHOUXSGHYZCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 XBHOUXSGHYZCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIISKTXZUZBTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2O1 FIISKTXZUZBTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWYHDSLIWMUSOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 DWYHDSLIWMUSOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JFGQHAHJWJBOPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound OC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 JFGQHAHJWJBOPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOPJQOLALJLPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diphenyloxadiazole Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)ON=N1 YOPJQOLALJLPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(diethylamino)-2-methylphenyl]-phenylmethyl]-n,n-diethyl-3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)N(CC)CC)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLAZXGNBGZYJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 PLAZXGNBGZYJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSZJZNNASZFXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-propan-2-ylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 LSZJZNNASZFXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGIAHHJRDZCTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid;terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 MGIAHHJRDZCTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009125 cardiac resynchronization therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010147 laser engraving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007760 metering rod coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTMRMQALUDDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphtho[2,3-b][1]benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4OC3=CC2=C1 FTMRMQALUDDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVTHJRMZXBWFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium zincate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Zn+2] HVTHJRMZXBWFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L squarate Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([O-])C(=O)C1=O PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0694—Azo dyes containing more than three azo groups
Description
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は新規な電子写真感光材料を利用した電
子写真感光体に関するものであり、更に詳しくは
特定の分子構造を有するテトラキスアゾ顔料を光
導電層中に含有する電子写真感光体に関するもの
である。
〔従来の技術〕
従来より、光導電性を示す顔料や染料について
は、数多くの文献等で発表されている。
例えば、“RCAReview”Vol.23,P.413〜
P.419(1962.9)ではフタロシアニン顔料の光導電
性についての発表がなされており、又このフタロ
シアニン顔料を用いた電子写真感光体が米国特許
第3397086号広報や米国特許第3816118号公報等に
示されている。その他に、電子写真感光体に用い
る有機半導体としては、例えば米国特許第
4315983号公報米国特許第4327169号公報や
“Reseach Disclosure”20517(1981.5)に示され
ているピリリウム系染料、米国特許第3824099号
公報に示されているスクエアリツク酸メチン染
料、米国特許第3898084号公報、米国特許第
4251613号公報等に示されたジスアゾ顔料などが
挙げられる。
この様な有機半導体は、無機半導体に較べて合
成が容易で、しかも要求する波長域の光に対して
光導電性をもつ様な化合物として合成することが
でき、この様な有機半導体の被膜を導電性支持体
に形成した電子写真感光体は、感色性が良くなる
という利点を有しているが、感度および耐久性に
おいて実用できるものは、ごく僅かである。
〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
本発明の目的は新規な光導電性材料を提供する
ことにある。
本発明のもう1つの別な目的は現存するすべて
の電子写真プロセスにおいても使用可能であり実
用的な高感度特性と繰り返し使用における安定な
電位特性を有する電子写真感光体を提供すること
にある。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
本発明に従つて導電性基体上に感光層を設けた
電子写真感光体において、
該感光層が次の一般式(1)、
(式中Aはフエノール性OH基を有するカプラ
ー残基;Ar1は置換基を有してもよい複素環基を
含む2価の有機基;Ar2,Ar3,Ar4及びAr5はそ
れぞれ置換基を有してもよいアリーレン基、2価
の縮合多環芳香環基又は複素環基を含む2価の有
機基を示す)
で表わされるテトラキスアゾ顔料を含有すること
を特徴とする電子写真感光体が提供される。
上記一般式(1)においてAのフエノール性OH基
を有するカプラー残基としては、例えば下記の一
般式(2)〜(8)で示される:
(式中Xはベンゼン環と縮合して多環芳香環あ
るいは複素環を形成する残基;R1及びR2は水素
原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル、アラルキ
ル、アリールあるいは複素環基または互いに結合
して窒素原子と共に環状アミノ基を形成する残
基;R5及びR4はそれぞれ置換基を有してもよい
アルキル、アラルキル、アリール基;Yは芳香族
炭化水素の2価の基あるいは窒素原子とを有する
複素環基の2価の基を形成する残基;R5及びR6
はそれぞれ水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアル
キル、アラルキル、アリール、複素環基あるいは
互いに結合して結合炭素原子と共に5〜6員環を
形成する残基;R7及びR8はそれぞれ水素原子、
置換基を有してもよいアルキル、アラルキル、ア
リールあるいは複素環基を示す)。
上記Xの多環芳香環及び複素環としては、例え
ばナフタレン、アントラセン、カルバゾール、ベ
ンズカルバゾール、ジベンゾフラン、ベンゾナフ
トフラン、ジフエニレンサルフアイトなどが挙げ
られる。
また、R1,R2の場合、アルキルとしては例え
ばメチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチルなどが挙げ
られ、アラルキルとしては例えばベンジル、フエ
ネチル、ナフチルメチルなどが挙げられ、またア
リールとしてはフエニル、ジフエニル、ナフチ
ル、アンスリルなどが挙げられる。特にR1が水
素でありR2が0−位にハロゲン、ニトロ、シア
ノ、トリフルオロメチルなどの電子吸引性基及び
エチル、メチル、ブチルなどのアルキル基を有す
るフエニル基である構造を有する化合物が好まし
い。
複素環としては、カルバゾール、ジベンゾフラ
ン、ベンズイミダゾロン、ベンズチアゾール、チ
アゾール、ピリジンなどが例示される。
R3及びR4の具体例は前記R1,R2で例示された
ものと同じものが挙げられる。
また上記のR1,R2,R3及びR4のアルキル基、
アラルキル基、アリール基、複素環基は実に他の
置換基、例えば前述のアルキル基、メトキシ、エ
トキシ、プロポキシ等のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン
原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、あるいはジメチルア
ミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ジベンジルアミノ、ジフ
エニルアミノ、モルホリノ、ピペリジノ、ピロリ
ジノなどの置換アミノ基などにより置換されても
よい。
Yの定義において、2価の芳香族炭化水素基と
しては例えばo−フエニレン等の如き単環式芳香
族炭化水素基、o−ナフチレン、ペリナフチレ
ン、1,2−アンスリレン、9,10−フエナン
スリレンなどの縮合多環芳香族炭化水素基が挙げ
られる。
また、窒素を有する2価の複素環を形成する例
としては、3,4−ピラゾールジイル基、2,3
−ピリジンジイル基、4,5−ピリミジンジイル
基、6,7−インダゾールジイル基、5,6−ベ
ンズイミダゾールジイル基、6,7−キノリンジ
イル基等の5〜6員複素環の2価の基が挙げられ
る。
R5,R6のアルキル、アラルキル、及びアリー
ルとしては、R1〜R4で例示されたものと同じも
のが挙げられる。
またR5,R6の複素環基としては、ピリジル、
チエニル、フリル、カルバゾイルなどが例示され
る。これらの基は前記の如き置換基で置換されて
もよい。
またR5とR6は互いに結合して5〜6員環を形
成する残基を示す。この5〜6員環は縮合芳香族
環を有してもよい。かかる例としてはシクロペン
チリデン、シクロヘキシリデン、9−フルオレニ
デン、9−キサンテニリデンなどの基が挙げられ
る。
R7及びR8におけるアルキル、アリール、アラ
ルキルの具体例は前記の例示と同じものが挙げら
れる。複素環としてはカルバゾール、ジベンゾフ
ラン、ベンズイミダゾロン、ベンズチアゾール、
チアゾール、ピリジンなどが例示される。これら
は前記の如き置換基で置換されてもよい。
式(7)及び(8)におけるXは前記式(2)におけるXと
同一の具体例が例示される。とくにXの結合した
環としてアントラセン環、ベンズカルバゾール
環、カルバゾール環であることが好ましい。とり
わけベンズカルバゾール環は分光感度域を長波長
域にまで広げる効果が大きく、半導体レーザー領
域に高感度を有する感光体の作成に好適である。
上記一般式(1)において、Ar1は具体的には例え
ばピリジン、キノリン、ベンゾオキソゾール、ベ
ンゾチアゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、ベンゾト
リアゾール、フエニルベンゾオキサゾール、フエ
ニルベンゾチアゾール、フエニルベンゾイミダゾ
ール、ジベンゾフラン、カルバゾール、キサンテ
ン、フエノチアジン、ジフエニルオキサジアゾー
ルなどの複素環基を含む2価の有機基が挙げられ
る。またこれらの基は前記の如き置換基で置換さ
れてもよい。
さらに、一般式(1)におけるAr2,Ar3,Ar4及び
Ar5としては、ピリジン、キノリン、オキサジア
ゾール、ベンゾオキサゾール、ベンゾイミダゾー
ル、ベンゾチアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール、ジ
ベンゾフラン、カルバゾール、キサンテンなどの
2価の複素環基;アリーレン基;2価の縮合多環
芳香環基が挙げられる。これらの基は前記の如き
置換基で置換されてもよい。
本発明によれば、理論には拘束されないが、上
記一般式(1)のテトラキスアゾ顔料が複素環を含む
2価の有機基を分子骨格の中心とし、Nを介して
対称的に4つのアゾカプラー成分を有し、長いπ
電子共役系を含む構造を有することにより、顔料
の光導電性に改良をもたらしキヤリア生成効率な
いしは搬送性のいずれか一方あるいは両方が向上
するため感度や耐久使用時における電位安定性が
確保されるものと考えられる。
また高感度及び分光感度域の長波長化が達成さ
れるので高速の複写機、レーザービームプリンタ
ー、LEDプリンター、液晶プリンターなどへの
適用が可能となり、実に感光体の前歴に拘らず安
定した電位が確保され安定した美しい画像が得ら
れる。
本発明に用いられるテトラキスアゾ顔料の代表
例を以下に列挙する。
これらのテトラキスアゾ顔料は、1種または2
種以上組合せて用いることができる。また、これ
らの顔料は、例えば一般式
(ただし、式中のAr1,Ar2,Ar3,Ar4,Ar5
は一般式(1)中の記号と同じ意味を表わす)で示さ
れるテトラアミンを常法によりオクタゾ化し、次
いで対応するカプラーをアルカリの存在下に水系
カツプリングするか、または前記のジアミンのテ
トラゾニウム塩をホウフツ化塩あるいは塩化亜鉛
複塩等の形で一旦単離した後、適当な溶媒例えば
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホ
キシド等の溶媒中でアルカリの存在下にカツプラ
ーとカツプリングすることにより容易に製造する
ことができる。
上記テトラキスアゾ顔料製造の詳細な条件は後
述する参考例により一層明瞭となろう。
前述のテトラキスアゾ顔料を有する被膜は光導
電性を示し、従つて下述する電子写真感光体の感
光層に用いることができる。
すなわち、本発明の具体例では導電性基体の上
に前述のテトラキスアゾ顔料を真空蒸着法により
被膜形成するか、あるいは適当なバインダー中に
分散含有させて被膜形成することにより電子写真
感光体を調製することができる。
本発明の好ましい具体例では、電子写真感光体
の感光層を電荷発生層と電荷輸送層に機能分離し
た電子写真感光体における電荷発生層として、前
述の光導電性被膜を適用することができる。
電荷発生層は、十分な吸光度を得るために、で
きる限り多くの前述の光導電性を示す化合物を含
有し、且つ発生した電荷キヤリアの飛程を短かく
するために薄膜層、例えば5μ以下、好ましくは
0.01〜1μの膜厚をもつ薄膜層とすることが好まし
い。このことは、入射光量の大部分が電荷発生層
で吸収されて、多くの電荷キヤリアを生成するこ
と、さらに発生した電荷キヤリアを再結合や捕獲
(トラツプ)により失活することなく電荷輸送層
に注入する必要があることに帰因している。
電荷発生層は、前述の化合物を適当なバインダ
ーに分散させ、これを基体の上に塗工することに
よつて形成でき、また真空蒸着装置により蒸着膜
を形成することによつて得ることができる。電荷
発生層を塗工によつて形成する際に用いうるバイ
ンダーとしては広範な絶縁性樹脂から選択でき、
またポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニル
アントラセンやポリビニルピレンなどの有機光導
電性ポリマーから選択できる。好ましくは、ポリ
ビニルブチラール、ポリアリレート(ビスフエノ
ールAとフタル酸の縮重合体など。)ポリカーボ
ネート、ポリエステル、フエノキシ樹脂、ポリ酢
酸ビニル、アクリル樹脂、ポリアクリルアミド樹
脂、ポリアミド、ポリビニルピリジン、セルロー
ス系樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、カゼイ
ン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリド
ンなどの絶縁性樹脂を挙げることができる。電荷
発生層中に含有する樹脂は、80重量%以下、好ま
しくは40重量%以下が適している。
これらの樹脂を溶解する溶剤は、樹脂の種類に
よつて異なり、また下述の電荷輸送層や下引層を
溶解しないものから選択することが好ましい。具
体的な有機溶剤としては、メタノール、エタノー
ル、イソプロパノールなどのアルコール類、アセ
トン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンな
どのケトン類、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、
N,N−ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド類、
ジメチルスルホキシドなどのスルホキシド類、テ
トラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、エチレングリコ
ールモノメチルエーテルなどのエーテル類、酢酸
メチル、酢酸エチルなどのエステル類、クロロホ
ルム、塩化メチレン、ジクロルエチレン、四塩化
炭素、トリクロルエチレンなどの脂肪族ハロゲン
化炭化水素類あるいはベンゼン、トルエン、キシ
レン、リグロイン、モノクロルベンゼン、ジクロ
ルベンゼンなどの芳香族類などを用いることがで
きる。
塗工は、浸漬コーテイング法、スプレーコーテ
イング法、スピンナーコーテイング法、ビードコ
ーテイング法、マイヤーバーコーテイング法、ブ
レードコーテイング法、ローラーコーテイング
法、カーテンコーテイング法などのコーテイング
法を用いて行なうことができる。乾燥は、室温に
おける指触乾燥後、加熱乾燥する方法が好まし
い。加熱乾燥は、30℃〜200℃の温度で5分〜2
時間の範囲の時間で、静止または送風下で行なう
ことができる。
電荷輸送層は、前述の電荷発生層と電気的に接
続されており、電界の存在下で電荷発生層から注
入された電荷キヤリアを受け取るとともに、これ
らの電荷キヤリアを表面まで輸送できる機能を有
している。この際、この電荷輸送層は、電荷発生
層の上に積されていてもよくまたその下に積層さ
れていてもよい。
電荷輸送層が電荷発生層の上に形成される場合
電荷輸送層における電荷キヤリアを輸送する物質
(以下、単に電荷輸送物質という)は、前述の電
荷発生層が感応する電磁波の波長域に実質的に非
感応性であることが好ましい。ここで言う「電磁
波」とは、r線、x線、紫外線、可視光線、近赤
外線、赤外線、遠赤外線などを包含する広義の
「光線」の定義を包含する。電荷輸送層の光感応
性波長域が電荷発生層のそれと一致またはオーバ
ーラツプする時には、両者で発生した電荷キヤリ
アが相互に捕獲し合い、結果的には感度の低下の
原因となる。
電荷輸送層としては電子輸送性物質と正孔輸送
性物質があり、電子輸送性物質としては、クロル
アニル、プロモアニル、テトラシアノエチレン、
テトラシアノキノジメタン、2,4,7−トリニ
トロ−9−フルオレノン、2,4,5,7−テト
ラニトロ−9−フルオレノン、2,4,7−トリ
ニトロ−9−ジシアノメチレンフルオレノン、
2,4,5,7−テトラニトロキサントン、2,
4,8−トリニトロチオキサントン等の電子吸引
性物質やこれら電子吸引性物質を高分子化したも
の等がある。
正孔輸送性物質としては、ピレン、N−エチル
カルバゾール、N−イソプロピルカルバゾール、
N−メチル−N−フエニルヒドラジノ−3−メチ
リデン−9−エチルカルバゾール、N,N−ジフ
エニルヒドラジノ−3−メチリデン−9−エチル
カルバゾール、N,N−ジフエニルヒドラジノ−
3−メチリデン−10−エチルフエノチアジン、
N,N−ジフエニルヒドラジノ−3−メチリデン
−10−エチルフエノキサジン、P−ジエチルアミ
ノベンズアルデヒド−N,N−ジフエニルヒドラ
ゾン、P−ジエチルアミノベンズアルデヒド−N
−α−ナフチル−N−フエニルヒドラゾン、P−
ピロリジノベンズアルデヒド−N,N−ジフエニ
ルヒドラゾン、1,3,3−トリメチルインドレ
ニン−ω−アルデヒド−N,N−ジフエニルヒド
ラゾン、P−ジエチルベンズアルデヒド−3−メ
チルベンズチアゾリノン−2−ヒドラゾン等のヒ
ドラゾン類、2,5−ビス(P−ジエチルアミノ
フエニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール、1
−フエニル−3−(P−ジエチルアミノスチリル)
−5−(P−ジエチルアミノフエニル)ピラゾリ
ン、1−〔キノリル(2)〕−3−(P−ジエチルアミ
ノスチリル)−5−(P−ジエチルアミノフエニ
ル)ピラゾリン、1−〔ビリジン(2)〕−3−(P−
ジエチルアミノスチリル)−5−(P−ジエチルア
ミノフエニル)ピラゾリン、1−〔6−メトキシ
−ピリジル(2)〕−3−(P−ジエチルアミノスチリ
ル)−5−(P−ジエチルアミノフエニル)ピラゾ
リン、1−〔ピリジル(3)〕−3−(P−ジエチルア
ミノスチリル)−5−(P−ジエチルアミノフエニ
ル)ピラゾリン、1−〔レピジル(2)〕−3−(P−
ジエチルアミノスチリル)−5−(P−ジエチルア
ミノフエニル)ピラゾリン、1−〔ピリジル(2)〕−
3−(P−ジエチルアミノスチリル)−4−メチル
−5−(P−ジエチルアミノフエニル)ピラゾリ
ン、1−〔ピリジル(2)〕−3−(α−メチル−P−
ジエチルアミノスチリル)−5−(P−ジエチルア
ミノフエニル)ピラゾリン、1−フエニル−3−
(P−ジエチルアミノスチリル)−4−メチル−5
−(P−ジエチルアミノフエニル)ピラゾリン、
1−フエニル−3−(α−ベンジル−P−ジエチ
ルアミノスチリル)−5−(P−ジエチルアミノフ
エニル)ピラゾリン、スピロピラゾリンなどのピ
ラゾリン類、2−(P−ジエチルアミノスチリル)
−6−ジエチルアミノベンズオキサゾール、2−
(P−ジエチルアミノフエニル)−4−(P−ジエ
チルアミノフエニル)−5−(2−クロロフエニ
ル)オキサゾール等のオキサゾール系化合物、2
−(P−ジエチルアミノスチリル)−6−ジエチル
アミノベンゾチアゾール等のチアゾール系化合
物、ビス(4−ジエチルアミノ−2−メチルフエ
ニル)−フエニルメタン等のトリアリールメタン
系化合物、1,1−ビス(4−N,N−ジエチル
アミノ−2−メチルフエニル)ヘプタン、1,
1,2,2−テトラキス(4−N,N−ジエチル
アミノ−2−メチルフエニル)エタン等のポリア
リールアルカン類、トリフエニルアミン、ポリ−
N−ビニルガルバゾール、ポリビニルピレン、ポ
リビニルアントラセン、ポリビニルアクリシン、
ポリ−9−ビニルフエニルアントラセン、ピレン
−ホルムアヒデヒド樹脂、エチルカルバゾールホ
ルムアルデヒド樹脂等がある。
これらの有機電荷輸送物質の他に、セレン、セ
レン−テルルアモルフアスシリコン、硫化カドミ
ウムなどの無機材料も用いることができる。
また、これらの電荷輸送物質は、1種または2
種以上組合せて用いることができる。
電荷輸送物質に成膜性を有していない時には、
適当なバインダーを選択することによつて被膜形
成できる。バインダーとして使用できる樹脂は、
例えばアクリル樹脂、ポリアリレート、ポリエス
テル、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、アクリ
ロニトリル−スチレンコポリマー、アクリロニト
リル−プタジエンコポリマー、ポリビニルブチラ
ール、ポリビニルホルマール、ポリスルホン、ポ
リアクリルアミド、ポリアミド、塩素化ゴムなど
の絶縁性樹脂、あるいはポリ−N−ビニルカルバ
ゾール、ポリビニルアントラセン、ポリビニルピ
レンなどの有機光導電性ポリマーを挙げることが
できる。
電荷輸送層は、電荷キヤリアを輸送できる限界
があるので、必要以上に膜厚を厚くすることがで
きない。一般的には、5〜30μであるが、好まし
い範囲は8〜20μである。塗工によつて電荷輸送
層を形成する際には、前述した様な適当なコーテ
イング法を用いることができる。
この様な電荷発生層と電荷輸送層の積層構造か
らなる感光層は、導電層を有する基体の上に設け
られる。導電層を有する基体としては、基体自体
が導電性をもつもの、例えばアルミニウム、アル
ミニウム合金、銅、亜鉛、ステンレス、バナジウ
ム、モリブデン、クロム、チタン、ニツケル、イ
ンジウム、金や白金などを用いることができ、そ
の他にアルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、酸化イ
ンジウム、酸化錫、酸化インジウム−酸化錫合金
などを真空蒸着法によつて被膜形成された層を有
するプラスチツク(例えばポリエチレン、ポリプ
ロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレンテレフ
タレート、アクリル樹脂、ポリフッ化エチレンな
ど)、導電性粒子(例えば、アルミ粉末、酸化ス
ズ、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、カーボンブラツク、
銀粒子など)を適当なバインダーとともにプラス
チツク又は前記導電性基体の上に被覆した基体、
導電性粒子をプラスチツクや紙に含浸した基体や
導電性ポリマーを有するプラスチツクなどを用い
ることができる。
導電層と感光層の中間に、バリヤー機能と接着
機能をもつ下引層を設けることもできる。下引層
は、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール、ニトロセ
ルロース、エチレン−アクリル酸コポリマー、ポ
リアミド(ナイロン6、ナイロン66、ナイロン
610、共重合ナイロン、アルコキシメチル化ナイ
ロンなど)、ポリウレタン、ゼラチン、酸化アル
ミニウムなどによつて形成できる。
下引層の膜厚は、0.1〜5μ好ましくは0.5〜3μが
適当である。
導電層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層の順に積層し
た感光体を使用する場合において電荷輸送物質が
電荷輸送性物質からなるときは、電荷輸送層表面
を正に帯電する必要があり、帯電後露光すると露
光部では電荷発生層において生成した電子が電荷
輸送層に注入され、そのあと表面に達して正電荷
を中和し、表面電位の減衰が生じ末露光部との間
に静電コントラストが生じる。この様にしてでき
た静電潜像を負荷電性のトナーで現像すれば可視
像が得られる。これを直接定義するか、あるいは
トナー像を紙やプラスチツクフイルム等に転写
後、現像し定着することができる。
また、感光体上の静電潜像を転写紙の絶縁層上
に転写後現像し、定義する方法もとれる。現像剤
の種類や現像方法、定義方法は公知のものや公知
の方法のいずれを採用しても良く、特定のものに
限定されるものではない。
一方、電荷輸送物質が正孔輸送物質から成る場
合、電荷輸送層表面を負に帯電する必要があり、
帯電後、露光すると露光部では電荷発生層におい
て生成した正孔が電荷輸送層に注入され、その後
表面に達して負電荷を中和し、表面電位の減衰が
生じ末露光部との間に静電コントラストが生じ
る。現像時には電荷輸送性物質を用いた場合とは
逆に正電荷性トナーを用いる必要がある。
導電層・電荷輸送層・電荷発生層の順に積層し
た感光体を使用する場合において、電荷輸送物質
が電子輸送性物質からなるときは、電荷発生層表
面を負に帯電する必要があり帯電後露光すると、
露光部では電荷発生層において生成した電子は電
荷輸送層に注入され、そのあと基盤に達する。一
方電荷発生層において生成した正孔は表面に達し
表面電位の減衰が生じ末露光部との間に静電コン
トラストが生じる。この様にしてできた静電潜像
を正荷電性のトナーで現像すれば可視像が得られ
る。これを直接定義するか、あるいはトナー像を
紙やプラスチツクフイルム等に転写後現像し定着
することができる。また、感光体上の静電潜像を
転写紙の絶縁層上に転写後現像し、定着する方法
もとれる。現像剤の種類や現像方法、定着方法は
公知のものや公知の方法のいずれを採用してもよ
く、特定のものに限定されるものではない。
一方、電荷輸送物質が正孔輸送性物質からなる
ときは、電荷発生層表面を正に帯電する必要があ
り、帯電後露光すると露光部では電荷発生層にお
いて生成した正孔は電荷輸送層に注入されその後
基盤に達する。一方電荷発生層において生成した
電子には表面に達し表面電位の減衰が生じ末露光
部との間に静電コントラストが生じる。現像時に
は電子輸送性物質を用いた場合とは逆に負電荷性
トナーを用いる必要がある。
また、本発明の別の具体例では、前述のヒドラ
ゾン類、ピラゾリン類、オキサゾール類、チアゾ
ール類、トリアリールメタン類、ポリアリールア
ルカン類、トリフエニルアミン、ポリ−N−ビニ
ルカルバゾール類など有機光導電性物質や酸化亜
鉛、硫化カドミウム、セレンなどの無機光導電性
物質の増感剤として前述のテトラキスアゾ顔料を
含有させた感光被膜とすることができる。この感
光被膜は、これらの光導電性物質と前述のテトラ
キスアゾ顔料をバインダーとともに塗工によつて
被膜形成される。
本発明の別の具体例としては前述のテトラキス
アゾ顔料を電荷輸送物質とともに同一層に含有さ
せた電子写真感光体を挙げることができる。この
際前述の電荷輸送物質の他にポリ−N−ビニルカ
ルバゾールとトリニトロフルオレノンからなる電
荷移動錯体化合物を用いることができる。この例
の電子写真感光体は前述のテトラキスアゾ顔料と
電荷移動錯体化合物をテトラヒドロフランに溶解
されたポリエステル溶液中に分散させた後、被膜
形成させて調製できる。
いずれの感光体においても用いる顔料は一般式
(1)で示されるテトラキスアゾ顔料から選ばれる少
なくとも一種類の顔料を含有しその結晶形は非晶
質であつてもよい。
又必要に応じて光吸収の異なる顔料を組合せて
使用し感光体の感度を高めたり、パンクロマチツ
クな感光体を得るなどの目的で一般式(1)で示され
るテトラキスアゾ顔料を2種類以上組合せたり、
または公知の染料、顔料から選ばれた電荷発生物
質と組合せて使用することも可能である。
本発明の電子写真感光体は電子写真複写機に利
用するのみならず、レーザープリンターやCRT
プリンター、LEDプリンター、液晶プリンター、
レーザー製版等の電子写真応用分野にも広く用い
る事ができる。
以下本発明を実施例によつて説明する。
参考例 テトラキスアゾ顔料No.1の合成
500mlビーカーに水80ml濃塩酸33.2ml(0.38モ
ル)を入れ氷水冷で冷却しながら、下記構造のア
ミン(アミンはフランス特許1398240記載の方法
に準じて合成した)23.14g(0.029モル)
を入れ氷水浴で冷却しながら撹拌し液温を3℃
とした。次に亜鉛酸ソーダ8.2g(0.122モル)を水
7mlに溶かした液を液温を3〜10℃の範囲にコン
トロールしながら10分間で滴下し、滴下終了後同
温度で更に30分撹拌した。反応液にカーボンを加
え炉過してオクタゾ化液を得た。
次に、2ピーカーにジメチルホルムアミド
700mlを入れトリエチルアミン53.6g(0.53モル)
を加え3−ヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸アニリド
32.12g(0.122モル)を添加して溶解した。
このカプラー溶液を6℃に冷却し液温を6〜10
℃にコントロールしながら前述のテトラゾ化液を
30分かけて撹拌下滴下して、その後室温で2時間
撹拌し更に1晩放置した。反応液を炉過後水洗炉
過し固型分換算で粗製顔料43.9gの水ペーストを
得た。
次に400mlのN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドを
用い室温で撹拌炉過を4回繰り返した。その後
400mlのメチルエチルケトンでそれぞれ2回撹拌
炉過を繰り返した後室温で減圧乾燥し精製顔料
41.1gを得た。収率は84%であつた。融点>250°
元素分析 計算値(%) 実測値(%)
C 74.77 74.88
H 4.24 4.16
N 12.45 12.33
以上代表的な顔料の合成法について述べたが一
般式(1)で示される他のテトラキスアゾ顔料も同様
にして合成される。
実施例 1〜60
アルミ板上にカゼインのアンモニア水溶液(カ
ゼイン11.2%アンモニア水1g、水222ml)をマイ
ヤーバーで乾燥後の膜厚が1.0μとなる様に塗布し
乾燥した。
次に前記のテトラキスアゾ顔料No.1.5gをエタノ
ール9.5mlにブチラール樹脂(ブチラール化度63
モル%)2gを溶かした液に加えサンドミルで2
時間分散した。この分散液を先に形成したカゼイ
ン層の上に乾燥後の膜厚が0.5μとなる様にマイヤ
ーバーで塗布し乾燥して電荷発生層を形成した。
次いで構造式
のヒドラゾン化合物5gとポリメチルメタクリレ
ート樹脂(数平均分子量100000)5gをベンゼン
70mlに溶解し、これを電荷発生層の上に乾燥後の
膜厚が12μとなる様にマイヤーバーで塗布し乾燥
して電荷輸送層を形成し実施例1の感光体を作成
した。テトラヤスアゾ顔料No.1に代えて第1表に
示す他のテトラキスアゾ顔料を用い実施例2〜60
に対応する感光体を全く同様にして作成した。
この様にして作成した電子写真感光体を川口電
気(株)製静電複写紙試験装置ModelSP−428を
用いてスタテイツク方式で−5kVでコロナ帯電し
暗所で1秒間保持した後照度2luxで露光し帯電特
性を調べた。
帯電特性としては表面電位(Vp)と1秒間暗
減衰させた時の電位を1/2に減衰するに必要な露
光量(E1/2)を測定した。この結果を第1表に
示す。
[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor using a new electrophotographic photosensitive material, and more specifically to an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a tetrakisazo pigment having a specific molecular structure in a photoconductive layer. This relates to photoreceptors. [Prior Art] Pigments and dyes exhibiting photoconductivity have been published in numerous publications. For example, “RCAReview” Vol.23, P.413~
P.419 (September 1962), there was a presentation on the photoconductivity of phthalocyanine pigments, and electrophotographic photoreceptors using this phthalocyanine pigment were shown in U.S. Patent No. 3397086 and U.S. Patent No. 3816118, etc. ing. In addition, as organic semiconductors used in electrophotographic photoreceptors, for example, US Pat.
4315983 Publication Pyrylium dyes disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4327169 and "Reseach Disclosure" 20517 (1981.5), methine squarate dyes disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3824099, U.S. Patent No. 3898084 , U.S. Patent No.
Examples include disazo pigments disclosed in Publication No. 4251613 and the like. Such organic semiconductors are easier to synthesize than inorganic semiconductors, and can be synthesized as compounds that have photoconductivity for light in the required wavelength range. An electrophotographic photoreceptor formed on a conductive support has the advantage of improved color sensitivity, but only a few of them are practical in terms of sensitivity and durability. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a novel photoconductive material. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that can be used in all existing electrophotographic processes and has practical high sensitivity characteristics and stable potential characteristics during repeated use. [Means for solving the problem] In the electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive substrate according to the present invention, the photosensitive layer has the following general formula (1), (In the formula, A is a coupler residue having a phenolic OH group; Ar 1 is a divalent organic group containing a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent; Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each An electrophotographic image containing a tetrakisazo pigment represented by (representing a divalent organic group containing an arylene group, a divalent condensed polycyclic aromatic ring group, or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent) A photoreceptor is provided. In the above general formula (1), the coupler residue having a phenolic OH group of A is represented by the following general formulas (2) to (8), for example: ( wherein , or residues that combine with each other to form a cyclic amino group together with a nitrogen atom; R 5 and R 4 are alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl groups each of which may have a substituent; Y is a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group; or a residue forming a divalent group of a heterocyclic group having a nitrogen atom; R 5 and R 6
are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, or a residue bonded to each other to form a 5- to 6-membered ring with a bonded carbon atom; R 7 and R 8 are each hydrogen atom,
(Indicates an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic group that may have a substituent). Examples of the polycyclic aromatic ring and heterocycle of X include naphthalene, anthracene, carbazole, benzcarbazole, dibenzofuran, benzonaphthofuran, and diphenylene sulfite. In the case of R 1 and R 2 , examples of alkyl include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc., examples of aralkyl include benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl, etc., and examples of aryl include phenyl, diphenyl, naphthyl. , Unthrill, etc. In particular, compounds having a structure in which R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is a phenyl group having an electron-withdrawing group such as halogen, nitro, cyano, or trifluoromethyl and an alkyl group such as ethyl, methyl, or butyl at the 0-position are preferable. Examples of the heterocycle include carbazole, dibenzofuran, benzimidazolone, benzthiazole, thiazole, and pyridine. Specific examples of R 3 and R 4 are the same as those exemplified above for R 1 and R 2 . In addition, the alkyl groups of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 above,
Aralkyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups may indeed be substituted with other substituents, such as the aforementioned alkyl groups, alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, and propoxy, halogen atoms, nitro groups, cyano groups, or dimethylamino, diethylamino, and dibenzylamino groups. , diphenylamino, morpholino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, and other substituted amino groups. In the definition of Y, examples of divalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups include monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as o-phenylene, o-naphthylene, perinaphthylene, 1,2-antrylene, and 9,10-phenanthrylene. Examples include fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups. In addition, examples of forming a divalent heterocycle having nitrogen include 3,4-pyrazolediyl group, 2,3
- 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic divalent groups such as pyridinediyl group, 4,5-pyrimidinediyl group, 6,7-indazolediyl group, 5,6-benzimidazolediyl group, 6,7-quinolinediyl group, etc. Can be mentioned. Examples of alkyl, aralkyl, and aryl for R 5 and R 6 include the same ones as exemplified for R 1 to R 4 . In addition, examples of the heterocyclic group for R 5 and R 6 include pyridyl,
Examples include thienyl, furyl, carbazoyl, and the like. These groups may be substituted with the substituents described above. Furthermore, R 5 and R 6 represent residues that combine with each other to form a 5- to 6-membered ring. This 5- to 6-membered ring may have a fused aromatic ring. Examples of such groups include cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, 9-fluorenidene, 9-xanthenylidene, and the like. Specific examples of alkyl, aryl, and aralkyl for R 7 and R 8 include the same ones as mentioned above. Heterocycles include carbazole, dibenzofuran, benzimidazolone, benzthiazole,
Examples include thiazole and pyridine. These may be substituted with the substituents described above. Examples of X in formulas (7) and (8) are the same as those for X in formula (2) above. In particular, the ring to which X is bonded is preferably an anthracene ring, a benzcarbazole ring, or a carbazole ring. In particular, the benzcarbazole ring has a great effect of expanding the spectral sensitivity range to a long wavelength range, and is suitable for producing a photoreceptor having high sensitivity in the semiconductor laser range. In the above general formula (1), Ar 1 is specifically, for example, pyridine, quinoline, benzoxozole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, phenylbenzoxazole, phenylbenzothiazole, phenylbenzimidazole, dibenzofuran, Examples include divalent organic groups containing heterocyclic groups such as carbazole, xanthene, phenothiazine, and diphenyloxadiazole. Further, these groups may be substituted with the above-mentioned substituents. Furthermore, Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 and
Ar 5 is a divalent heterocyclic group such as pyridine, quinoline, oxadiazole, benzoxazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, dibenzofuran, carbazole, xanthene; arylene group; divalent fused polycyclic aromatic ring Examples include groups. These groups may be substituted with the substituents described above. According to the present invention, although not bound by theory, the tetrakisazo pigment of general formula (1) has a divalent organic group containing a heterocycle as the center of its molecular skeleton, and four azo couplers are symmetrically connected via N. component and long π
By having a structure containing an electronic conjugated system, the photoconductivity of the pigment is improved, and carrier generation efficiency and/or transportability are improved, thereby ensuring sensitivity and potential stability during long-term use. it is conceivable that. In addition, high sensitivity and long wavelengths in the spectral sensitivity range are achieved, making it possible to apply it to high-speed copying machines, laser beam printers, LED printers, liquid crystal printers, etc., and in fact, stable potential can be maintained regardless of the previous history of the photoreceptor. A stable and beautiful image can be obtained. Representative examples of the tetrakisazo pigments used in the present invention are listed below. These tetrakisazo pigments may be one or two types.
More than one species can be used in combination. Additionally, these pigments may have, for example, the general formula (However, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 in the formula
represents the same meaning as the symbol in general formula (1)) is octazotized by a conventional method, and then the corresponding coupler is coupled in an aqueous system in the presence of an alkali, or the tetrazonium salt of the diamine is octazotized by a conventional method. It is easily produced by once isolating it in the form of zinc chloride salt or zinc chloride double salt, and then coupling it with a coupler in the presence of an alkali in a suitable solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. be able to. The detailed conditions for producing the above-mentioned tetrakisazo pigment will become clearer from the reference examples described below. The coating containing the tetrakisazo pigment described above exhibits photoconductivity and can therefore be used in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor described below. That is, in a specific example of the present invention, an electrophotographic photoreceptor is prepared by forming a film of the above-mentioned tetrakisazo pigment on a conductive substrate by vacuum evaporation, or by dispersing it in a suitable binder and forming a film. can do. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photoconductive coating described above can be applied as a charge generation layer in an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the photosensitive layer is functionally separated into a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer. The charge generation layer contains as much of the above-mentioned photoconductive compound as possible in order to obtain sufficient absorbance, and is a thin film layer, for example, 5μ or less, in order to shorten the range of the generated charge carriers. Preferably
A thin film layer having a thickness of 0.01 to 1 μm is preferable. This means that most of the incident light is absorbed by the charge generation layer, generating many charge carriers, and that the generated charge carriers are not deactivated by recombination or trapping, but are transferred to the charge transport layer. This is due to the need for injection. The charge generation layer can be formed by dispersing the above-mentioned compound in a suitable binder and coating it on the substrate, or it can be obtained by forming a vapor deposited film using a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus. . The binder that can be used when forming the charge generation layer by coating can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins.
It can also be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene and polyvinylpyrene. Preferably, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, polyvinylpyridine, cellulose resin, urethane. Examples include insulating resins such as resin, epoxy resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The resin contained in the charge generation layer is suitably 80% by weight or less, preferably 40% by weight or less. The solvent that dissolves these resins varies depending on the type of resin, and is preferably selected from those that do not dissolve the charge transport layer or undercoat layer described below. Specific organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, N,N-dimethylformamide,
Amides such as N,N-dimethylacetamide,
Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, aliphatic halogens such as chloroform, methylene chloride, dichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene. Hydrocarbons or aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ligroin, monochlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, etc. can be used. Coating can be carried out using coating methods such as dip coating, spray coating, spinner coating, bead coating, Meyer bar coating, blade coating, roller coating, and curtain coating. For drying, it is preferable to dry to the touch at room temperature and then heat dry. Heat drying at a temperature of 30℃ to 200℃ for 5 minutes to 2
It can be carried out stationary or under blown air for a period of time within a range of hours. The charge transport layer is electrically connected to the charge generation layer described above, and has the function of receiving charge carriers injected from the charge generation layer in the presence of an electric field and transporting these charge carriers to the surface. ing. At this time, this charge transport layer may be laminated on or under the charge generation layer. When the charge transport layer is formed on the charge generation layer, the material that transports charge carriers in the charge transport layer (hereinafter simply referred to as charge transport material) is substantially in the wavelength range of electromagnetic waves to which the charge generation layer is sensitive. Preferably, it is insensitive to. The term "electromagnetic waves" as used herein includes a broad definition of "light rays" including r-rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, near-infrared rays, infrared rays, far-infrared rays, and the like. When the photosensitive wavelength range of the charge transport layer coincides with or overlaps that of the charge generation layer, charge carriers generated in both trap each other, resulting in a decrease in sensitivity. The charge transport layer includes an electron transporting substance and a hole transporting substance, and the electron transporting substances include chloranil, promoanil, tetracyanoethylene,
Tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-dicyanomethylenefluorenone,
2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, 2,
Examples include electron-withdrawing substances such as 4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, and polymerization of these electron-withdrawing substances. Examples of hole-transporting substances include pyrene, N-ethylcarbazole, N-isopropylcarbazole,
N-Methyl-N-phenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-9-ethylcarbazole, N,N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-9-ethylcarbazole, N,N-diphenylhydrazino-
3-methylidene-10-ethylphenothiazine,
N,N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-10-ethylphenoxazine, P-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-N,N-diphenylhydrazone, P-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-N
-α-Naphthyl-N-phenylhydrazone, P-
Pyrrolidinobenzaldehyde-N,N-diphenylhydrazone, 1,3,3-trimethylindolenine-ω-aldehyde-N,N-diphenylhydrazone, P-diethylbenzaldehyde-3-methylbenzthiazolinone-2-hydrazone hydrazones such as 2,5-bis(P-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1
-Phenyl-3-(P-diethylaminostyryl)
-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-[quinolyl(2)]-3-(P-diethylaminostyryl)-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-[pyridine(2)]- 3-(P-
diethylaminostyryl)-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-[6-methoxy-pyridyl(2)]-3-(P-diethylaminostyryl)-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1- [Pyridyl(3)]-3-(P-diethylaminostyryl)-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-[Lepidyl(2)]-3-(P-
diethylaminostyryl)-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-[pyridyl(2)]-
3-(P-diethylaminostyryl)-4-methyl-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-[pyridyl(2)]-3-(α-methyl-P-
diethylaminostyryl)-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-phenyl-3-
(P-diethylaminostyryl)-4-methyl-5
-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline,
1-Phenyl-3-(α-benzyl-P-diethylaminostyryl)-5-(P-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, spiropyrazoline and other pyrazolines, 2-(P-diethylaminostyryl)
-6-diethylaminobenzoxazole, 2-
Oxazole compounds such as (P-diethylaminophenyl)-4-(P-diethylaminophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)oxazole, 2
Thiazole compounds such as -(P-diethylaminostyryl)-6-diethylaminobenzothiazole, triarylmethane compounds such as bis(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)-phenylmethane, 1,1-bis(4-N,N -diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)heptane, 1,
Polyarylalkanes such as 1,2,2-tetrakis(4-N,N-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)ethane, triphenylamine, poly-
N-vinylgalbazole, polyvinylpyrene, polyvinylanthracene, polyvinylacrysine,
Examples include poly-9-vinylphenylanthracene, pyrene-formahidehyde resin, and ethylcarbazole formaldehyde resin. In addition to these organic charge transport materials, inorganic materials such as selenium, selenium-tellurium amorphous silicon, and cadmium sulfide can also be used. Moreover, these charge transport substances may be one or two types.
More than one species can be used in combination. When the charge transport material does not have film-forming properties,
A film can be formed by selecting an appropriate binder. Resins that can be used as binders are:
For example, insulating resins such as acrylic resin, polyarylate, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polysulfone, polyacrylamide, polyamide, chlorinated rubber, or poly-N - Organic photoconductive polymers such as vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, polyvinylpyrene, etc. may be mentioned. Since the charge transport layer has a limit in its ability to transport charge carriers, it cannot be made thicker than necessary. Generally, it is 5-30μ, but the preferred range is 8-20μ. When forming the charge transport layer by coating, an appropriate coating method as described above can be used. A photosensitive layer having such a laminated structure of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer is provided on a substrate having a conductive layer. As the substrate having the conductive layer, materials that are themselves conductive can be used, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, zinc, stainless steel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, nickel, indium, gold, and platinum. In addition, plastics (such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic, conductive particles (e.g. aluminum powder, tin oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon black,
a substrate in which silver particles, etc.) are coated on plastic or the above-mentioned conductive substrate together with a suitable binder;
A substrate made of plastic or paper impregnated with conductive particles, a plastic containing a conductive polymer, etc. can be used. A subbing layer having barrier and adhesive functions can also be provided between the conductive layer and the photosensitive layer. The subbing layer is made of casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon
610, copolymerized nylon, alkoxymethylated nylon, etc.), polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, etc. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably 0.1 to 5 microns, preferably 0.5 to 3 microns. When using a photoreceptor in which a conductive layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are laminated in this order, and the charge transport material is a charge transport material, the surface of the charge transport layer must be positively charged, and exposure after charging is required. Then, in the exposed area, electrons generated in the charge generation layer are injected into the charge transport layer, and then reach the surface and neutralize the positive charge, causing a decrease in surface potential and creating an electrostatic contrast between the exposed area and the exposed area. . A visible image can be obtained by developing the electrostatic latent image thus formed with a negatively charged toner. This can be defined directly, or the toner image can be transferred to paper, plastic film, etc., then developed and fixed. Alternatively, a method may be used in which the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor is transferred onto an insulating layer of transfer paper and then developed. The type of developer, development method, and definition method may be any known one or any known method, and are not limited to specific ones. On the other hand, when the charge transport material consists of a hole transport material, the surface of the charge transport layer must be negatively charged.
After charging, when exposed to light, holes generated in the charge generation layer in the exposed area are injected into the charge transport layer, and then reach the surface and neutralize the negative charge, causing a decrease in surface potential and static electricity between the exposed area and the exposed area. Electrocontrast occurs. During development, it is necessary to use a positively charged toner, contrary to the case where a charge transporting substance is used. When using a photoreceptor in which a conductive layer, a charge transport layer, and a charge generation layer are laminated in this order, if the charge transport substance is an electron transport substance, the surface of the charge generation layer must be negatively charged, and exposure after charging is required. Then,
In the exposed area, electrons generated in the charge generation layer are injected into the charge transport layer and then reach the substrate. On the other hand, holes generated in the charge generation layer reach the surface and the surface potential is attenuated, creating an electrostatic contrast between the layer and the exposed area. A visible image can be obtained by developing the electrostatic latent image thus formed with a positively charged toner. This can be defined directly, or the toner image can be transferred to paper, plastic film, etc. and then developed and fixed. Alternatively, a method may be used in which the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor is transferred onto an insulating layer of transfer paper, then developed and fixed. The type of developer, the developing method, and the fixing method may be any known ones or methods, and are not limited to specific ones. On the other hand, when the charge transport material consists of a hole transport material, the surface of the charge generation layer must be positively charged, and when exposed to light after charging, holes generated in the charge generation layer are injected into the charge transport layer in the exposed area. and then reaches the base. On the other hand, electrons generated in the charge generation layer reach the surface and the surface potential is attenuated, creating an electrostatic contrast between the layer and the exposed area. During development, it is necessary to use a negatively charged toner, contrary to the case where an electron transporting substance is used. In another specific example of the present invention, organic photoconductive materials such as the aforementioned hydrazones, pyrazolines, oxazoles, thiazoles, triarylmethanes, polyarylalkanes, triphenylamine, and poly-N-vinylcarbazoles may be used. The photosensitive film may contain the aforementioned tetrakisazo pigment as a sensitizer for inorganic photoconductive substances such as photoconductive substances, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, and selenium. This photosensitive film is formed by coating these photoconductive substances and the above-mentioned tetrakisazo pigment together with a binder. Another specific example of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the aforementioned tetrakisazo pigment and a charge transporting substance in the same layer. In this case, in addition to the above-mentioned charge transport materials, a charge transfer complex compound consisting of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone can be used. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of this example can be prepared by dispersing the aforementioned tetrakisazo pigment and charge transfer complex compound in a polyester solution dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and then forming a film thereon. The pigment used in both photoreceptors has the general formula
It contains at least one type of pigment selected from the tetrakisazo pigments shown in (1), and the crystal form thereof may be amorphous. In addition, if necessary, two or more types of tetrakisazo pigments represented by the general formula (1) may be used in combination to increase the sensitivity of the photoreceptor or to obtain a panchromatic photoreceptor by combining pigments with different light absorption. Combine or
Alternatively, it can also be used in combination with a charge generating substance selected from known dyes and pigments. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be used not only for electrophotographic copying machines, but also for laser printers and CRTs.
Printers, LED printers, LCD printers,
It can also be widely used in electrophotographic applications such as laser engraving. The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples. Reference Example Synthesis of Tetrakisazo Pigment No. 1 Add 80 ml of water and 33.2 ml (0.38 mol) of concentrated hydrochloric acid to a 500 ml beaker, and while cooling with ice water, add an amine with the following structure (the amine was synthesized according to the method described in French Patent No. 1398240). ) 23.14g (0.029mol) and stir while cooling in an ice water bath until the liquid temperature reaches 3℃.
And so. Next, a solution prepared by dissolving 8.2 g (0.122 mol) of sodium zincate in 7 ml of water was added dropwise over 10 minutes while controlling the temperature within the range of 3 to 10°C, and after the dropwise addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for an additional 30 minutes at the same temperature. Carbon was added to the reaction solution and filtered through a furnace to obtain an octazoization solution. Next, add dimethylformamide to the 2 peaker.
Add 700ml and 53.6g (0.53mol) of triethylamine
and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid anilide.
32.12g (0.122mol) was added and dissolved. Cool this coupler solution to 6℃ and reduce the liquid temperature to 6-10℃.
Add the above-mentioned tetrazotization solution while controlling the temperature at
The mixture was added dropwise over 30 minutes with stirring, and then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and further left overnight. The reaction solution was filtered through a furnace and then through a water washing furnace to obtain a water paste containing 43.9 g of crude pigment in terms of solid content. Next, filtration in a stirred oven was repeated four times at room temperature using 400 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide. after that
After repeating filtration with 400 ml of methyl ethyl ketone twice in a stirring oven, the purified pigment was dried under reduced pressure at room temperature.
Obtained 41.1g. The yield was 84%. Melting point > 250° Elemental analysis Calculated value (%) Actual value (%) C 74.77 74.88 H 4.24 4.16 N 12.45 12.33 Although the synthesis method of typical pigments has been described above, other tetrakisazo pigments represented by general formula (1) are synthesized in the same way. Examples 1 to 60 An ammonia aqueous solution of casein (11.2% casein in aqueous ammonia, 1 g, 222 ml of water) was coated on an aluminum plate using a Mayer bar so that the film thickness after drying was 1.0 μm, and dried. Next, add 1.5 g of the above tetrakisazo pigment to 9.5 ml of ethanol and add butyral resin (butyralization degree 63) to 9.5 ml of ethanol.
Add 2g (mol%) to the dissolved liquid and add 2g with a sand mill.
Spread out time. This dispersion was applied onto the previously formed casein layer using a Mayer bar so that the film thickness after drying was 0.5 μm, and dried to form a charge generation layer.
Then the structural formula 5 g of hydrazone compound and 5 g of polymethyl methacrylate resin (number average molecular weight 100000) in benzene
The photoreceptor of Example 1 was prepared by dissolving the solution in 70 ml and applying it onto the charge generation layer using a Mayer bar so that the dry film thickness was 12 μm, and drying to form a charge transport layer. Examples 2 to 60 using other tetrakisazo pigments shown in Table 1 in place of tetrakisazo pigment No. 1
A photoreceptor corresponding to the above was prepared in exactly the same manner. The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus prepared was statically charged with corona at -5 kV using an electrostatic copying paper tester Model SP-428 manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Co., Ltd., held in a dark place for 1 second, and then exposed at an illuminance of 2 lux. The charging characteristics were investigated. As for the charging characteristics, the surface potential (V p ) and the exposure amount (E1/2) required to attenuate the potential to 1/2 when dark decaying for 1 second were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
【表】
実施例 61〜65
実施例1,7,51,62,80に用いた感光体を用
い繰返し使用時の明部電位と暗部電位の変動を測
定した。方法としては−5.6kVのコロナ帯電器、
露光光学系、現像器、転写帯電器、除電露光光学
系およびクリーナーを備えた電子写真複写機のシ
リンダーに感光体を貼り付けた、この複写機は、
シリンダーの駆動に伴い、転写紙上に画像が得ら
れる構成になつている。この複写機を用いて初期
の明部電位VLと暗部電位VDをそれぞれ100V、−
600V付近に設定し5000回使用した後の明部電位
VL、明部電位VDを測定した。この結果を第2表
に示す。[Table] Examples 61 to 65 Using the photoreceptors used in Examples 1, 7, 51, 62, and 80, fluctuations in bright area potential and dark area potential during repeated use were measured. The method is -5.6kV corona charger,
This copying machine has a photoreceptor attached to the cylinder of an electrophotographic copying machine equipped with an exposure optical system, a developing device, a transfer charger, a static elimination exposure optical system, and a cleaner.
The structure is such that an image is obtained on the transfer paper as the cylinder is driven. Using this copying machine, the initial bright area potential V L and dark area potential V D are set to 100 V and −
Bright area potential after setting around 600V and using 5000 times
V L and light area potential V D were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
【表】
実施例1〜65のデータから本発明の感光体は電
子写真的感度が著しく良好で繰返し使用後もVD,
VLの安定性が極めて良好であつた。
実施例 66
実施例1で作成した電荷発生層の上に、2,
4,7−トリニトロ−9−フルオレノン5gとポ
リ−4,4−ジオキシジフエニル−2,2−プロ
パンカーポネント(分子量300000)5gをテトラ
ヒドロフラン70mlに溶解して作成した塗布液を乾
燥後の塗工量が10g/m2となる様に塗布し、乾燥
した。
こうして作成した電子写真感光体を実施例1と
同様の方法で帯電測定を行なつた。この時、帯電
極性は○+とした。
その結果は次のとおりであつた:
Vp:○+550ボルト
E1/2:5.5lux.sec.
実施例 67
アルミ蒸着ポリエチレンテレフタレートフイル
ムのアルミ面上に膜厚0.5μのポリビニルアルコー
ルの被膜を形成した。
次に、実施例1で用いたテトラキスアゾ顔料の
分散液を先に形成したポリビニルアルコール層の
上に、乾燥後の膜厚が0.5μとなる様にマイヤーバ
ーで塗布し、乾燥して電荷発生層を形成した。
次いで、構造式
のピラゾリン化合物5gとポリアリレート樹脂
(ビスフエノールAとテレフタル酸−イソフタル
酸の縮重合体)5gをテトラヒドロフラン70mlに
溶かした液を電荷発生層の上に乾燥後の膜厚が
10μとなる様に塗布し乾燥して電荷輸送層を形成
した。
こうして調製した感光体の帯電特性および耐久
特性を実施例1及び実施例61と同様の方法によつ
て測定した。この結果を第3表に示す。[Table] From the data of Examples 1 to 65, the photoreceptor of the present invention has extremely good electrophotographic sensitivity, and even after repeated use, V D ,
The stability of VL was extremely good. Example 66 On the charge generation layer prepared in Example 1, 2,
After drying, a coating solution prepared by dissolving 5 g of 4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and 5 g of poly-4,4-dioxydiphenyl-2,2-propane carbonate (molecular weight 300,000) in 70 ml of tetrahydrofuran was applied. It was applied so that the working amount was 10 g/m 2 and dried. The electrostatic charge of the electrophotographic photoreceptor thus prepared was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. At this time, the charging polarity was set to ○+. The results were as follows: V p : ○ + 550 volts E1/2: 5.5 lux.sec. Example 67 A polyvinyl alcohol film with a thickness of 0.5μ was formed on the aluminum surface of an aluminum vapor-deposited polyethylene terephthalate film. . Next, the dispersion of the tetrakisazo pigment used in Example 1 was applied onto the previously formed polyvinyl alcohol layer using a Mayer bar so that the film thickness after drying was 0.5μ, and it was dried to generate a charge. formed a layer. Then, the structural formula A solution prepared by dissolving 5 g of pyrazoline compound and 5 g of polyarylate resin (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and terephthalic acid-isophthalic acid) in 70 ml of tetrahydrofuran is placed on the charge generation layer to determine the film thickness after drying.
It was applied to a thickness of 10μ and dried to form a charge transport layer. The charging characteristics and durability characteristics of the photoreceptor thus prepared were measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 61. The results are shown in Table 3.
本発明に従つて、特定のテトラキスアゾ顔料を
感光層に含有せしめることにより感光層内部に於
けるキヤリヤー発生効率、キヤリヤー輸送効率の
いずれか一方あるいは両方が格段に向上され、そ
の結果感度並びに耐久使用時に於ける電位安定性
に優れた電子写真感光体が得られる。
According to the present invention, by incorporating a specific tetrakisazo pigment into the photosensitive layer, carrier generation efficiency and/or carrier transport efficiency within the photosensitive layer are significantly improved, resulting in improved sensitivity and durability. An electrophotographic photoreceptor with excellent potential stability can be obtained.
Claims (1)
体において、該感光層が次の一般式(1) (式中Aはフエノール性OH基を有するカプラ
ー残基;Ar1は置換基を有してもよい複素環基を
含む2価の有機基;Ar2,Ar3,Ar4及びAr5はそ
れぞれ置換基を有してもよいアリーレン基、2価
の縮合多環芳香環基又は複素環基を含む2価の有
機基を示す) で表わされるテトラキスアゾ顔料を含有すること
を特徴とする電子写真感光体。 2 上記一般式(1)におけるAが下記一般式(2)〜(8)
で示される特許請求の範囲第1項記載の電子写真
感光体: (式中Xはベンゼン環と縮合して多環芳香環あ
るいは複素環を形成する残基;R1及びR2はそれ
ぞれ水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル、
アラルキル、アリールあるいは複素環基または互
いに結合して窒素原子と共に環状アミノ基を形成
する残基;R3及びR4はそれぞれ置換基を有して
もよいアルキル、アラルキル、アリール基;Yは
芳香族炭化水素の2価の基あるいは窒素原子を有
する複素環の2価の基を形成する残基;R5及び
R6はそれぞれ水素原子、置換基を有してもよい
アルキル、アラルキル、アリール、複素環基ある
いは互いに結合して結合炭素原子と共に5〜6員
環を形成する残基;R7及びR8はそれぞれ水素原
子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル、アラルキ
ル、アリールあるいは複素環基を示す)。 3 上記感光層が電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とより
なる機能分離型であり該電荷発生層に上記一般式
(1)で示されるテトラキスアゾ顔料を含有させる特
許請求の範囲第1項記載の電子写真感光体。 4 上記一般式(2)におけるR1が水素原子であり、
R2が次の一般式 (式中R9はハロゲン原子、ニトロ、シアノ、
トリフルオロメチル及びアシル基より選ばれる置
換基を示す) で表わされる置換フエニル基である特許請求の範
囲第2項記載の電子写真感光体。 5 上記一般式(2)が下記式 (R2は前記のものと同じ) で示される特許請求の範囲第2項記載の電子写真
感光体。[Scope of Claims] 1. In an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive substrate, the photosensitive layer has the following general formula (1). (In the formula, A is a coupler residue having a phenolic OH group; Ar 1 is a divalent organic group containing a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent; Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each An electrophotographic image containing a tetrakisazo pigment represented by (representing a divalent organic group containing an arylene group, a divalent condensed polycyclic aromatic ring group, or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent) Photoreceptor. 2 A in the above general formula (1) is the following general formula (2) to (8)
An electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 represented by: (In the formula ,
Aralkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic group, or residues that combine with each other to form a cyclic amino group with a nitrogen atom; R 3 and R 4 are alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl groups that each may have a substituent; Y is aromatic Residues forming divalent groups of hydrocarbons or divalent groups of heterocycles having a nitrogen atom; R 5 and
R 6 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, or a residue bonded to each other to form a 5- to 6-membered ring with a bonded carbon atom; R 7 and R 8 are each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, or a heterocyclic group that may have a substituent). 3. The photosensitive layer is of a functionally separated type consisting of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, and the charge generation layer has the above general formula.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, which contains a tetrakisazo pigment represented by (1). 4 R 1 in the above general formula (2) is a hydrogen atom,
R 2 is the general formula (In the formula, R 9 is a halogen atom, nitro, cyano,
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2, which is a substituted phenyl group represented by the following (indicating a substituent selected from trifluoromethyl and an acyl group). 5 The above general formula (2) is the following formula (R 2 is the same as above) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15940385A JPS6219876A (en) | 1985-07-18 | 1985-07-18 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
US06/852,243 US4666810A (en) | 1985-04-17 | 1986-04-15 | Photosensitive member for electrophotography comprising azo pigments |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15940385A JPS6219876A (en) | 1985-07-18 | 1985-07-18 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6219876A JPS6219876A (en) | 1987-01-28 |
JPH0435751B2 true JPH0435751B2 (en) | 1992-06-12 |
Family
ID=15693006
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP15940385A Granted JPS6219876A (en) | 1985-04-17 | 1985-07-18 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6219876A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62124560A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1987-06-05 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
EP0879868B1 (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2002-04-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Organic compound and electroluminescent device using the same |
CN106147283B (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-04-06 | 上海汇友精密化学品有限公司 | A kind of azo dispersion dyes and combinations thereof |
-
1985
- 1985-07-18 JP JP15940385A patent/JPS6219876A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6219876A (en) | 1987-01-28 |
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