JPH0434103Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) This invention relates to a transfer device for a constantly four-wheel drive vehicle.

(Prior Art) A four-wheel drive vehicle has an engine that drives both the front and rear wheels when the vehicle is running. There is something to show.

According to the above configuration, a clutch is interposed between the engine and the rear wheel. This clutch has clutch disks provided on its drive side and driven side, respectively, and cylinder means that is actuated by the supply of pressurized oil to frictionally engage the clutch disks. Further, when a rotation difference occurs between the driving side and the driven side of the clutch, pressure oil is supplied to the oil chamber of the cylinder means, and if pressure oil is supplied in this way, the cylinder means is actuated, which brings the two clutch discs into frictional contact. That is, this causes the clutch to be in a connected state, and power is also transmitted from the engine to the rear wheels.

The automobile with the above configuration exhibits the following functions. That is, during normal driving, power is transmitted from the engine to the front and rear wheels to the front wheels, which are directly connected to the engine. In this case, the rear wheels are rolling on the road surface and are rotating at the same speed as the front wheels, that is, the driving side and driven side of the clutch are rotating at the same speed, so there is no pressure oil in the oil chamber. Since this cylinder means is not operated due to lack of supply, the clutch is kept in a disengaged state and the rear wheel is allowed to idle.

However, for example, if the front wheel gets stuck in mud or sand and the front wheel slips and spins, the difference in rotation between the front wheel and the rear wheel causes rotation between the driving side and the driven side of the clutch. It makes a difference. At this time, pressurized oil is supplied to the oil chamber and the cylinder means is operated, so the clutch is in the connected state, and the engine power is also transmitted to the rear wheels via the clutch.
The rear wheels will also be driven. Then, the rear wheels roll on the road surface, allowing the vehicle to escape from the mud or sand.

On the other hand, during vehicle inspections and assembly lines,
When testing the speedometer or checking exhaust gas, normally one of the front and rear wheels is placed on the work surface and stationary, and the other wheel is spun while performing the above tests. conduct. At this time, in order to cause the other wheel to idle, conventionally, a pair of front and rear idle rollers are provided, and the wheel to be idle is placed between these two rollers.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) By the way, in the case of a four-wheel drive vehicle as described above, when the front wheels are placed on the idle rollers and the engine is driven, the front wheels are placed on the idle rollers. The vehicle will idle, but at this time, the clutch will be in a connected state due to the operation of the cylinder means, and the rear wheels will also be driven. For this reason, speedometer tests and exhaust gas checks cannot be performed using only the idle rollers on which the front wheels are mounted as described above.

Therefore, it is conceivable to provide idle rollers on which both the front and rear wheels can be mounted, but this would increase the equipment cost. In addition, a clutch different from the above clutch is provided between the engine and the rear wheel,
Although it is conceivable that the power transmission to the rear axle can be cut off by this, the configuration of the rear wheel power transmission system becomes complicated in this case, which is not preferable.

(Purpose of the invention) This invention was made with attention to the above-mentioned circumstances. For example, when trying to test a speedometer, etc. Even if only one wheel is equipped with an idling roller that can idle one of the wheels, a simple structure using only this idling roller can be used.
The purpose is to enable the above tests, etc.

(Structure of the device) The feature of this device for achieving the above object is that the cylinder means is actuated by the pressure oil supplied to the oil chamber of the cylinder means, and this actuates both the driving side and the driven side of the clutch. In a transfer device for a permanent four-wheel drive vehicle, the clutch disk is friction-welded so that the clutch is in a connected state, and a manually operated adjustment valve is provided to adjust the pressure in the oil chamber. A communication passage that communicates the inside and outside of the oil chamber of the means is provided, and a manually operated on-off valve that can open and close this communication passage is provided separately from the regulating valve, and the communication passage is opened by operating the on-off valve. This prevents the cylinder means from operating even when pressurized oil is supplied to the oil chamber, preventing the clutch from becoming connected, and thereby preventing one of the front and rear wheels that is directly connected to the engine. The key point is that only the wheels of the vehicle can be driven.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of this invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 indicates a four-wheel drive vehicle, and this vehicle 1 includes a drive device 2, a front wheel device 3 and a rear wheel device 4 driven by the drive device 2.
have. Further, an arrow Fr in the figure indicates the front of the automobile 1.

The drive device 2 is provided with an engine 6 placed horizontally at the front of the vehicle body, and is arranged side by side with this engine 6.
It is composed of a transmission 7 which is interlocked with the engine 6 as described above.

Further, the front wheel device 3 includes a pair of left and right front wheels 8,
8, and a front axle 9 connected to each front wheel 8, and between the two front axles 9, 9, power is input from the transmission 7 and transmitted to the front wheels 8 via each front axle 9. front differential gear (hereinafter referred to as
This is simply called a front differential. The same applies to the rear differential (to be described later).

On the other hand, the rear wheel device 4 includes a pair of left and right rear wheels 1.
2, 12, and a rear axle 13 connected to each of the rear wheels 12. Between the two rear axles 13, 13, power from the transmission 7 is transferred to a front differential 10.
A rear differential 14 is provided which inputs power through the ring gear 10a and transmits power to the rear wheels 12 through each rear axle 13.

Furthermore, in the above case, a transfer device 16 is interposed between the ring gear 10a of the front differential 10 and the input shaft 14a of the rear differential 14.
This transfer device 16 is connected to the ring gear 10.
The output shaft 17a of the gear means 17 projects rearward from the transfer case 18.

A clutch 20 is interposed between the output shaft 17a and a universal joint shaft 19 interlockingly connected to the input shaft 14a of the rear differential 14. Further, a hydraulic pump 21 is provided which discharges pressure oil for connecting the clutch 20 when a rotation difference occurs between the driving side and the driven side of the clutch 20 based on the rotation difference.

That is, when the front wheels 8 and the rear wheels 12 are rotating at the same speed, the driving side and the driven side of the clutch 20 are rotating at the same speed, and the hydraulic pump 21 does not operate. In this case, the clutch 20 is kept in the disengaged state, the power of the engine 6 is transmitted only to the front wheels 8, and the rear wheels 12 are placed in a reverse rotation state.

On the other hand, if, for example, the front wheel 8 slips and spins and a rotation difference occurs between the front wheel 8 and the rear wheel 12, there will be a rotation difference between the driving side and the driven side of the clutch 20. Hydraulic pump 21
is activated, and the clutch 20 is connected by the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pump 21. Therefore, the power of the engine 6 is transmitted to the rear wheels 12 via the clutch 20, and the rear wheels 12 are also driven.

The clutch 20 and hydraulic pump 21 will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.

The output shaft 17a of the gear means 17, the universal joint shaft 19, and the clutch 20 are arranged coaxially. The clutch 20 is of a wet type multi-plate type, and includes a front boss member 23 that is interlocked and connected to the output shaft 17a by spline fitting, and a front boss member 23 that is connected to the output shaft 17a by spline fitting.
The clutch drum 24 includes a cylindrical clutch drum 24 extending rearward from the clutch drum 3, and a bowl-shaped rear boss member 25 that covers the rear end of the clutch drum 24. The rear boss member 25 is penetrated by the universal joint shaft 19, and the universal joint shaft 19 is connected to the front boss member 2.
3 and the rear boss member 25 so as to be relatively rotatable.

Attached to the clutch drum 24 are a plurality of friction plates 26, which are clutch disks, which rotate together with the clutch drum 24 and are slidably engaged with the clutch drum 24 in the axial direction. On the other hand, a plurality of clutch plates 27 are attached to the universal joint shaft 19, which are a plurality of clutch disks that rotate together with the universal joint shaft 19 and are slidably engaged in the axial direction. The friction plates 26 and the clutch plates 27 are arranged alternately in the axial direction within the clutch drum 24.

A cylinder means 28 is disposed midway in the axial direction within the clutch drum 24 in front of the plates 26 and 27.
The cylinder means 28 has an annular cylinder 29 and an annular piston 30.
This cylinder 29 is attached to the clutch drum 24, and is fitted around the universal joint shaft 19 so as to be relatively rotatable. On the other hand, the piston 30 is fitted into the cylinder 29 so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and is positioned so as to sandwich the plates 26 and 27 together with the rear boss member 25.

On the other hand, the hydraulic pump 21 is connected to the clutch drum 2.
4 and is formed between the front boss member 23 and the cylinder 29. This hydraulic pump 21 is of a gear type, and includes an external gear 32 coaxially connected to the universal joint shaft 19 through spline fitting, and an internal gear 32 that is circumscribed and meshed with the external gear 32. It has a tooth gear 33. As particularly shown in FIG. 4, the axis of this internal gear 33 is offset from the axis of the external gear 32, and this internal gear 33 is mounted inside the clutch drum 24. It is rotatably slidably supported within the cylindrical body 34.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, an oil suction side oil passage 36 is formed in the front boss member 23, and a suction opening 37 of this suction side oil passage 36 is formed in the cylinder body 34. has been done. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, an oil discharge side oil passage 38 is formed in the front boss member 23, and a discharge opening 39 of this discharge side oil passage 38 is formed in the cylinder 29. be.

Further, an oil inflow hole 42 is provided for allowing pressure oil to flow from the hydraulic pump 21 into an oil chamber 41 surrounded by the cylinder 29 and the piston 30. This oil inflow hole 42 is connected to the cylinder 29 as shown in FIG.
The discharge opening 39 of the hydraulic pump 21 and the oil chamber 41 are communicated with each other. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, an oil outflow hole 44 is formed in the cylinder 29 to allow oil to flow out from the oil chamber 41 to the outside of the oil chamber 41. Further, a manually operated needle valve 45 serving as an adjustment valve is screwed into the cylinder 29. By manually operating the needle valve 45 by turning a screw, the oil outflow hole 44 is opened and closed, thereby making it possible to adjust the oil pressure in the oil chamber 41.

Further, a first oil hole 47 is formed inside the universal joint shaft 19 so as to extend in the axial direction thereof.
The front end opening 47a of the first oil hole 47 is communicated with the oil outflow hole 44 through a first oil passage 48, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. On the other hand, the first
The rear end opening 47b of the oil hole 47 opens on the outer peripheral surface of the universal joint shaft 19 so as to correspond to the friction plate 26 and the clutch plate 27, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
5 is formed with a second oil hole 50 extending in the radial direction thereof. This second oil hole 50 is connected to a second oil passage 51.
It communicates with the suction opening 37 of the hydraulic pump 21 via.

Here, the functions of the clutch 20 and hydraulic pump 21 will be explained.

The output shaft 17a of the gear means 17, which is the driving side of the clutch 20, and the universal joint shaft 19, which is the driven side, are connected to the fourth
When rotating at the same speed in the direction indicated by arrow A in the figure,
External gear 32 and internal gear 33 of hydraulic pump 21
Then, the suction side oil passage 36 and the discharge side oil passage 38 rotate at the same speed. Therefore, this hydraulic pump 21 does not operate, and thus no pressure oil is discharged toward the cylinder means 28. In this case, the piston 30 of the cylinder means 28 is connected to the friction plate 2
6 and the clutch plate 27, and these plates are able to rotate relative to each other and are maintained in a state in which the frictional connection is released. As a result, the clutch 20 is kept in the disconnected state, and the output shaft 1
Power transmission from 7a to universal joint shaft 19 remains disconnected.

On the other hand, the universal joint shaft 19 is smaller than the output shaft 17a.
When the rotation of the external gear 32 and the internal gear 33 become slow and a rotation difference occurs between them, the external gear 32 and the internal gear 33 will move relative to the suction side oil passage 36 and the discharge side oil passage 38, as shown in FIG. Rotate in the direction shown by middle arrow B. In this case, the internal gear 33 rotates along with the external gear 32 while slidingly contacting the cylindrical body 34, and both gears 3
The gap between 2 and 33 gradually increases at the suction side oil passage 36 position, while it gradually decreases at the discharge side oil passage 38 position. Therefore, oil flows from the suction side oil passage 36 to both the gears 32, 3.
The oil is sucked into the gap formed between the oil pipes 3 and 3, and is discharged from this gap to the discharge side oil passage 38.

Then, the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 21 flows from the discharge opening 39 to the oil inflow hole 42 to the oil chamber 4 as shown by the solid line arrows in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.
1 → oil outflow hole 44 → first oil passage 48 → first oil hole 4
7 → second oil hole 50 → second oil passage 51 → suction opening 3
7 and cycle.

At this time, the flow rate of the pressure oil supplied to the oil chamber 41 flowing out from the oil chamber 41 to the outside of the oil chamber 41 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the oil outflow hole 44 by operating the screwdriver of the needle valve 45, which is a regulating valve. The pressure oil in this oil chamber 41 is adjusted to a predetermined pressure.

Then, the piston 30 is pushed toward the friction plate 26 and the clutch plate 27 by the pressure oil, and these plates are sandwiched between the rear boss member 25 and the piston 30 and frictionally joined to rotate together. become. As a result, the clutch 20 becomes connected, and power is also transmitted from the output shaft 17a to the rear wheel 12 via the universal joint shaft 19.

Further, between the first oil hole 47 and the second oil hole 50, oil is ejected from the rear end opening 47b of the first oil hole 47 toward the friction joint between the two plates. As a result, the friction joint is lubricated with oil and is also cooled.

In the above configuration, the oil chamber 4 of the cylinder means 28
A communication path 53 is provided that communicates the inside and outside of 1.
This communication passage 53 is connected to the oil chamber 41 as shown in FIG.
The oil passage 48 is formed in the cylinder 29 so as to extend inward in the radial direction of the cylinder 29 , and opens in the middle of the first oil passage 48 . Further, a manually operated on-off valve 54 that can open and close the communication passage 53
is provided separately from the needle valve 45. This on-off valve 54 is connected to a bolt hole 55 formed in the cylinder 29 on the same axis as the communication passage 53, and is screwed into the bolt hole 55 to open the oil chamber 41 of the communication passage 53.
Needle type bolt 56 that freely opens and closes the side opening
It consists of Further, a through hole 58 is formed in the clutch drum 24 in correspondence with the on-off valve 54, and a lid bolt 59 is screwed into this through hole 58.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1, from the state where the bolt 56 is screwed in to close the communication passage 53,
By removing the cover bolt 59 from the
3 is opened, and the oil chamber 41 and the first oil passage 48 communicate with each other (as shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 1).

Therefore, in this state, as described above, a rotational difference occurs between the output shaft 17a of the gear means 17 and the universal joint shaft 19, and pressure oil is supplied by the hydraulic pump 21 to the oil chamber 41 of the cylinder means 28. In this case, this pressure oil flows from the oil chamber 41 to the communication passage 53.
The oil flows out into the first oil passage 48 (arrow D in FIG. 1). In this case, the pressure oil flowing out from the oil chamber 41 is added to the flow amount adjusted by the needle valve 45, so that the pressure oil in the oil chamber 41 does not reach the predetermined pressure.

Therefore, the plates 26, 27 are not frictionally connected, and the clutch 20 is kept in a disconnected state, that is, only the front wheel 8 is kept in a state of being driven. In this case, since the clutch 20 is located outside the transfer case 18, the bolt 5
6 and the lid bolt 59 can be easily screwed.

In the example illustrated above, the on-off valve 54 is constituted by a bolt hole 55 and a needle bolt 56, but this may be a valve having another configuration. Also,
In the above embodiment, the clutch 20 and the hydraulic pump 21 are interposed between the engine 6 and the rear wheel 12, but instead of this, the clutch 20 and the hydraulic pump 21 are interposed between the engine 6 and the rear wheel 12.
may be interposed between the engine 6 and the front wheels 8.

(Effects of the invention) According to this invention, pressure oil is supplied to the oil chamber of the cylinder means according to the rotation difference between the driving side and the driven side of the clutch, and the cylinder means is actuated by this pressure oil, Accordingly, in a transfer device for a permanent four-wheel drive vehicle, which is equipped with a manually operated adjustment valve that enables the clutch to connect and enter the four-wheel drive state and adjust the pressure in the oil chamber, the cylinder A communication passage that communicates the inside and outside of the oil chamber of the means and a manually operated on-off valve that can open and close this communication passage are provided. If you communicate,
Even if a rotation difference occurs between the driving side and the driven side of the clutch and pressure oil is supplied to the oil chamber, this pressure oil will flow out from the oil chamber and the pressure in this oil chamber will not reach the specified pressure. reach is prevented. This prevents the cylinder means from operating and thus prevents the clutch from becoming engaged. That is, a two-wheel drive state is maintained in which power transmission to one of the front and rear wheels is cut off.

Therefore, one wheel with power transmission disconnected can be kept on the ground and only the other wheel can be idled on the idle roller, so only one of the front and rear wheels can be mounted. Even if only an idling roller that can be idled is provided, speedometer tests and exhaust gas checks can be performed by opening the on-off valve.

Moreover, when power transmission is cut off as described above, this invention simply adds a communication passage and an on-off valve to the conventional structure, so the structure is simple and highly useful. In addition, this on-off valve is provided separately from the adjustment valve that adjusts the pressure in the oil chamber, so
Even if the opening/closing valve is opened/closed, the adjustment state of the regulating valve that has already been adjusted will not be affected in any way. Therefore, after the communication passage is opened by the on-off valve as described above, when the communication passage is closed by operating the on-off valve to return it to its original state, the pressure in the oil chamber is adjusted exactly to the previously adjusted pressure. Return.
That is, it is not necessary to readjust the pressure in the oil chamber by operating the regulating valve each time the on-off valve is opened or closed, which is advantageous in terms of operability.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figures show an embodiment of this invention, in which Fig. 1 is a sectional view taken along the - line in Fig. 3, Fig. 2 is an overall diagram of the automobile, Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of the part where the clutch is provided, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line -. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the - line in FIG. 3. 1... Car, 6... Engine, 12... Rear wheel (one wheel), 16... Transfer device,
17a... Output shaft (drive side), 19... Universal joint shaft (driven side), 20... Clutch, 26... Friction plate (clutch disk), 27...
...Clutch plate (clutch disc), 28
... Cylinder means, 41 ... Oil chamber, 45 ... Needle valve (adjusting valve), 53 ... Communication passage, 54 ... Opening/closing valve.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A clutch is interposed between the engine and one of the front and rear wheels driven by the engine,
This clutch is composed of clutch disks provided on the drive side and driven side, respectively, and cylinder means that is actuated by the supply of pressure oil to frictionally connect these clutch disks to each other, and the drive side and the driven side of the clutch When a rotation difference occurs between the two sides, pressurized oil is supplied to the oil chamber of the cylinder means, and a manually operated adjustment valve is provided to adjust the pressure in the oil chamber. In the transfer device for a vehicle, a communication passage is provided to communicate the inside and outside of the oil chamber of the cylinder means, and a manually operated on-off valve for opening and closing the communication passage is provided separately from the adjustment valve. A transfer device for permanent 4-wheel drive vehicles featuring: