JPH04322750A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a crusher capable of automatically, safely and easily changing the set value of a crushing part by remote operation without giving damage to an instrument during operation. CONSTITUTION:A plurality of pieces of driving bars 42 lengthened in the longitudinal direction are projected in the equal intervals on the outer circumferential surface of an adjustment cap 40 inserted into the upper end of a bowl 20. A ratchet mechanism is equipped which is turnable around a vertical shaft and abuts against these driving bars 42 via spring force and inhibits the rotation of the adjustment cap 40. A crusher is constituted so that a pair of clockwise and counterclockwise hydraulic cylinders 44 are provided to press and rotate the side faces of the driving bars and a command is sent to the set adjuster via a controlling device 300 to change the set value when the minimum gap based on a distance sensor 200 provided to a crushing part exceeds the preset value.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a crusher for producing coarse aggregate and fine aggregate used for concrete and asphalt mix, etc., and particularly to a crusher that can automatically set the minimum gap (set value) by remote control. Regarding.

0002

[Prior Art] Conventionally, a mantle was attached to cover a pine cone-shaped head that moved up and down while rotating eccentrically around a vertical axis, and the inside of a bowl was stationary on the outer periphery of the mantle. In a type of crusher where raw material is crushed between a bowl liner and a bowl liner, such as a cone crusher or a gyral disk, the minimum gap formed between the mantle and bowl liner is called a set or set value, and this set value can be adjusted. It controlled the product size of the crusher. When adjusting the set value, as shown in FIG. It was necessary to rotate counterclockwise to do this, and clockwise to reduce the set value. In order to do this, since the total weight of the bowl 20 and bowl liner 21 is large, it is necessary to use a crane or other lifting means to hang wires on hooks provided at four locations around the circumference of the adjustment cap 40, which has been attached to the upper end of the bowl in advance. In addition to making it free, 2 to 3
Either the wire is rotated by a specified amount by manual push by a human worker, or the wire is directly hooked onto the hook without being lifted, and the wire is wound several times around the outer circumference of the adjustment cap 40, and the other end of the wire is attached to a shovel loader, hoisting machine, etc. Trucks, other pulling devices, and pulleys were used to perform horizontal rotation work, but all of these methods were complicated and required long periods of suspension of operation.

0003

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the device of the present invention, instead of dispatching personnel to the site for such complicated and time-consuming work, it can be easily and automatically done without reducing the operating rate. The aim is to make it possible to easily change set values by remote control without damaging the equipment.

0004

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the crusher set adjustment device of the present invention includes a main frame, and an adjustment device mounted on the main frame and screwed onto the inner peripheral surface. a ring, a bowl whose outer circumferential surface is screwed and can be moved in the vertical direction by being screwed into the adjustment ring, and a main shaft which is disposed at the center bottom of the main frame and is vertically or nearly vertically supported via a boss. an eccentric that is fitted to the main shaft via a bearing and rotates eccentrically with respect to a vertical axis; a head that is fitted to the eccentric via a bearing and rotates; a bowl liner attached to the bowl; and a bowl liner attached to the bowl; A crusher having a pair of upper and lower crushing parts consisting of an attached mantle and an eccentric rotational drive means, the crusher having a release cylinder that urges the adjustment ring toward the main frame, and a release cylinder that urges the adjustment ring toward the main frame, A clamping cylinder that locks the screwing of the bowl is disposed between and connected to the clamping ring that is screwed to the bowl and the adjustment ring, and is disposed on the bowl or the upper end of the bowl and has a cylindrical surface. A ratchet mechanism in which a plurality of drive bars are protruded from the side surface of the adjustment cap at equal intervals around the circumference, and is rotatable around a vertical axis and abuts against the drive bars via spring force to prevent rotation of the bowl. In addition to providing
As the piston rod moves forward, the ratchet mechanism is unlocked, and a pair of hydraulic cylinders that press the side of the drive bar to rotate the bowl clockwise or counterclockwise are connected to the bowl or adjustment cap. A means for changing the minimum gap of the crushing part is provided on the outside so as to be rotatable horizontally around a vertical axis, and each of the bowl liner and the mantle is provided with a stepped through hole passing through the crushing surface, and the through hole is A distance sensor (displacement meter) is attached to the hole, and when the indicated value of the minimum gap of the fracture part obtained from the distance sensor exceeds a preset value, a command signal for changing the minimum gap is sent to the minimum gap. The configuration includes a control device that transmits information to the change means.

[0005]

[Operation] In the crusher of the present invention, the minimum gap is measured intermittently during operation by distance sensors provided on the bowl liner and the mantle, and the actual minimum gap is determined based on the increase in the minimum gap due to wear of both liners. When the value exceeds the control limit of the set value set in advance, a command signal is sent to the minimum gap changing means to operate in a direction to correct the set value, and the set value is corrected to the target set value. Therefore, even if the size of aggregate produced differs from the desired size as wear progresses, the control system consisting of a comparator, controller, and amplifier automatically inputs the measured value of the distance sensor. By the action of , it is corrected to the original set value and the desired size is secured.

To specifically explain the operation of the set adjusting device of the present invention, electric signals indicating the rotational direction and feeding amount of the bowl (that is, the number of frame feeds of the drive bar) are obtained from the control device, and, for example, the bowl is rotated clockwise. When rotating (clockwise), the piston rod of the clockwise ram cylinder 44A of the pair of hydraulic cylinders 44 is projected. Then, the striker 44a of the ram cylinder 44A overcomes the biasing force of the tension coil spring 50b of the bowl lock 50 and rotates the tip of the bowl lock 50 in the direction of unlocking the bowl lock. A driver 44b provided at the tip of the rod contacts one side of a drive bar 42 provided on the adjustment cap 40 and rotates the adjustment cap 40 clockwise by one pitch. After that, ram cylinder 4
The piston rod 4A once retreats and moves forward again to perform a similar operation and rotate the adjustment cap 40 by one pitch. Thereafter, the set value is changed by rotating by the required pitch in the same manner. When rotating the bowl counterclockwise, the counterclockwise ram cylinder 44B is driven to perform the same operation.

[0007]

Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. 1 to 8 show an embodiment of the crusher set adjustment device of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an overall vertical sectional view of the crusher,
Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of the crusher, Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of main parts of the set adjustment device, Fig. 4 is a plan view of main parts of the set adjustment device, Fig. 5 is a control system diagram of the set adjustment device, and Fig. 6 is crushing FIG. 7 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main parts of the crushing section (bowl liner and mantle), and FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the control device.

In the figure, 1 is a crusher, 2 is a main frame, and a vertical main shaft 4 is erected from a boss 3 at the lower center of the main frame 2. A cylindrical eccentric 5 that is slightly eccentric from the central axis is fitted into the upper half of the main shaft 4 via an eccentric bush 6, and a pine cone-shaped head 8 is fitted via a head bush 7. equipped. The outside of the head 8 is covered with a similarly pine-shaped mantle 9, and the raw material is crushed between the mantle 9 and a bowl liner 21, which will be described later. On the lower end surface of the eccentric 5, there is an eccentric 5 and a head 8 that rotate between a pair of upper and lower thrust bearings 18 and 19.
The main shaft 4 transmits the full load of the mantle 9 and the compressive load during the crushing movement to the main frame 2.
A head ball 16 is seated on a spherical seat 17 at the upper end of the ball to promote smooth rotation. A gear 10 composed of a bevel gear is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the lower end of the eccentric 5.
The eccentric 5 is rotatably driven by a pulley 14 and via a pinion 11 of a bevel gear at the tip of a horizontal rotating shaft 12 which is supported by bearings 13, 13. A feed plate 15 distributes the raw material input into the hopper 23 equally around the circumference.

On the other hand, an adjustment ring 22 is placed on the upper end surface of the main frame 2 via a tapered surface, and is constantly pulled downward via a release cylinder 25 to be brought into close contact with the main frame 2. Between the main frame 2 and the adjustment ring 22, four to six through holes are provided in the circumference, and main frame pins 2a for preventing rotation are passed through them. A right-handed tapered screw is threaded on the inner peripheral surface of the adjustment ring 22, and is screwed together with the bowl 20, which also has a right-handed taper screw threaded on the outer periphery.
The bowl 20 is configured to be movable up and down by the rotation. In addition, in order to lock the threaded connection between the adjustment ring 22 and the bowl 20 during operation, a clamp ring 22a similarly screwed onto the inner peripheral surface is placed on the adjustment ring 22, and the piston rod is secured to the clamp ring 22a. The piston rod of a clamping cylinder 24, which is fastened to the adjustment ring 22 and whose cylinder is fixed to the clamp ring 22a, is protruded by hydraulic pressure to apply a strong force to the contact surfaces of both screws. .

A bowl liner 21 is fixedly installed inside the bowl 20 and forms a crushing chamber with the mantle 9. An adjustment cap 40 is fixed to the outer periphery of the upper end of the bowl 20 with stud bolts.

Next, the set adjustment device will be explained. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the adjustment cap 4
Protruding drive bars 42 made of square timber are arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery of the drive bar 0. On the outside of the adjustment cap 40, there is a bowl lock 50 that is rotatable around a vertical shaft 50a and has a protrusion 50c facing inward at the center. A tension coil spring 50b is mounted between the fixed bracket and one end of the bowl lock 50. Therefore, the bowl lock 50 is not unlocked.
Due to the ratchet mechanism, the tip of the protrusion 50c is always in contact with the peripheral wall of the adjustment cap 40, and when the side surface of the protrusion 50c and the side surface of the drive bar 42 are in contact with each other, the adjustment cap 40 cannot be rotated. However, by forming the other surface of the protrusion 50c into a tapered shape, the adjustment cap 50
When rotating counterclockwise, this bowl lock 50 is flipped up to allow rotation.

A pair of ram cylinders 44 are disposed horizontally on the distal end side of the bowl lock 50 so as to be rotatable about a vertical shaft 45 located approximately at the center.
4, that is, the cylinder rod side ends of the clockwise ram cylinder 44A and the counterclockwise ram cylinder 44B are fastened together by a tension coil spring 46, and the piston rod side is biased to face the adjustment cap 40 side. ing. At the tip of the piston rod of the ram cylinder 44, a bowl lock 50 is attached to the drive bar 42 due to its protrusion.
A striker 44a that is rotationally driven in a direction that makes it more detachable.
is attached to the piston rod, and above it is the piston rod.
A driver 44b that presses the side surface of the drive bar 42 is attached. Therefore, due to the advancement of the piston rod,
The drive bar 42 is pressed at the same time as the bowl lock 50 is unlocked, so that the adjustment cap 40 can be rotated. When rotating the adjustment ring 40 clockwise, the ram cylinder 44A is driven; when rotating the adjustment ring 40 counterclockwise, the ram cylinder 44A is driven.
Drives 4B.

On the other hand, a proximity switch 70 is fixedly arranged opposite to the front center of at least one of the drive bars 42 as shown in FIG. 3, and has a programmable operation as shown in FIG. It is connected to a control panel 100 that houses a display 110 and a sequencer control device 120. The control panel 100 includes a solenoid valve 62 that switches the pressure oil to the clamping cylinder 24, solenoid valves 64 and 66 that switches the pressure oil to the ram cylinders 44 (44A and 44B), and a limit switch that detects the backward limit of the ram cylinder 44. 67
, 68, and transmits operation commands and detection signals, respectively.

Next, the distance sensor and control device will be explained. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, stepped through holes 21a and 9a are provided near the ends of the fractured portions of the bowl liner 21 and the mantle 9, respectively, so as to be orthogonal to the fracture surfaces. Through hole 21a,
Each liner 9a has a pinhole-like through hole with a small diameter near the fractured surface, and each liner is perpendicular to the fractured surface of the other liner. The probe (detector) of the distance sensor 200 is accommodated and attached to the large diameter portions of the through holes 21a, 9a. Injection passages 21b and 9b for injecting compressed air are connected to the through holes 21a and 9a, respectively, so that compressed air can be injected from the outside. As the distance sensor, any non-contact displacement meter can be used, such as one using ultrasonic waves, one using laser light, one using eddy current, or one using capacitance. A wire is connected from the probe of the distance sensor 200 to a control device to be described later. The bowl liner 21 having the through hole 21a is stationary, whereas the mantle 9 having the through hole 9a rotates, so a rotating joint such as a slip ring is used as the connection terminal. The injection path 9b is similarly connected to a compressed air unit (baby compressor) outside the machine via a rotary joint. The measurement of the minimum gap value t by the distance sensor 200 is as follows:
As shown in FIG. 7, by obtaining measurement values x and y from the upper and lower distance sensors 200, 200 for one previously known dimension, t=x+y-1 is obtained. △x and △
y indicates the distance from the tip of the distance sensor 200 (probe) to the fracture surface. The measured values x and y are measured by the time it takes for the ultrasonic waves emitted from the probe to be reflected back from the facing fractured surface of the liner. When using a laser beam, the distance to the object to be measured is detected by irradiating the facing fractured surfaces with the laser beam and focusing the position of the bright spot on an image sensor through a light-receiving lens. For measurements based on eddy current or capacitance, the electrical quantity (voltage or current) detected by a probe is converted into the original physical quantity (length) for measurement.

Next, the control device 300 will be explained. The control device 300 has a configuration shown in FIG. 8, and measures the control limits of the set values set in advance on the setting device continuously or at every time interval set by a timer (for example, every 1 second). Measurement of the minimum gap (e.g. 25mm
) is converted into an electrical signal such as voltage or current using a converter, and the two are compared using a comparator. If the control limit of the set value is exceeded, a signal is sent to the drive device (hydraulic cylinder) of the minimum clearance changing means via the controller. Issue orders for change. The controller is composed of a regulator and an operating device, and the regulator is configured to control a minimum gap changing means, that is, a set adjusting device (drive bar 42, bowl lock 50, ram cylinder 44, etc.) depending on how the set value exceeds the set value. ), and the operating device transmits operation commands to each drive device (ram cylinder 44) based on the instruction from the controller. It is sufficient to set the timer at an interval of, for example, every 3 hours to every day, and after receiving a timer command, only the raw material supply is temporarily stopped for 10 to 30 seconds, and during that time compressed air is supplied to the injection path 9b.
After removing the particles that have entered the through holes 9a and 21a by blowing into the injection path 21b, measurement by the distance sensor 200 is performed. Lines with arrows in the figure indicate the flow of signals. After changing the operation in this manner, measurement may be performed again to confirm whether the corrected set value is in accordance with the target value.

[0016] With the automatic control having the feedback mechanism as described above, even if the set value differs from the desired value due to wear during operation or some disturbance, it can be easily and automatically corrected. The restart of raw material supply from the temporary stop of raw material supply shown in FIG. 8 only takes a short time, for example, about 10 to 30 seconds, and therefore the influence of production interruption due to measurement is slight. This interruption time (10
By continuing to measure continuously for up to 30 seconds), the distance from the probe tip to the fracture surface changes sinusoidally with respect to the time axis, but since the minimum value of this waveform is the minimum gap, this information The current minimum gap (set value) can be measured by connecting it to an analyzer such as an FFT analyzer and extracting it as a digital signal of the minimum gap.

The operation of the crusher set adjustment device of the present invention constructed as described above will be explained. First, as a result of wear of the mantle 9 and bowl liner 21 that form the crushing section, products larger than the desired product size come out, and when the control limit of the set value is exceeded, a signal from the control device causes the bowl 20, That is, it is necessary to rotate the adjustment cap 40 clockwise and lower it to change the set value to a smaller value. In such a case, the control device inputs the pitch number (number of frames) of the drive bar 42 corresponding to the direction of rotation and the amount of descent into the programmable display 110 of the control panel 100, and releases the pressure oil in the clamping cylinder 24. , release the screw locking force between the bowl 20 and the adjustment ring 22,
The bowl 20 is made rotatable.

Thereafter, the ram cylinder 44 corresponding to the designated rotation direction is selected, and the piston rod of the clockwise ram cylinder 44A is moved forward and backward this number of times in accordance with the designated number of pitches. The adjustment cap 40 is rotated by the number of pitches and lowered by the required amount to change the set value. When enlarging the set value, the same operation is repeated using the ram cylinder 44B. After the set change is completed, the piston rod is retracted to the retract limit so that the protrusion 50c of the bowl lock 50 comes into contact with one of the drive bars 42 and is locked. Then, the rod of the clamping cylinder 24 is moved forward and locked again. In addition, the above drive bar 1
It is preferable that the vertical movement distance for the pitch is selected in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, and the number of drive bars 42 is selected. Further, the forward limit of the ram cylinder 44 is detected by the proximity switch 70, and the backward limit is detected by the limit switches 67, 68.
detected. The number of pitches mentioned above, ie the number of actuations of the ram cylinder, is counted by the proximity switch 70. Proximity switches may be used as the limit switches 67 and 68 for detecting the backward limit.

In this way, each time it is necessary to change a set value, the distance sensor detects this situation and sends information via the control panel 100 to the hydraulic unit 60 that operates the clamping cylinder 24 and ram cylinder 44. remote control by sending commands, and
By automatically rotating the adjustment cap 40 during operation, the set value can be easily changed in a short time.

Note that the stationary adjustment ring 22
In contrast, the bowl 20 is provided so as to be able to move up and down, and a plurality of vertical hydraulic cylinders are provided between the two on the circumference.
It is also possible to change the set value by raising and lowering the cylinder, but in this case, the hydraulic cylinder must be filled with pressure oil at all times in order to maintain the specified set value. However, it is impossible to completely eliminate leakage of pressure oil in the hydraulic cylinder for a long period of time, such as several months to one year, and the set value changes depending on the amount of leakage, which is not preferable. In contrast, in the present invention, the adjustment ring 22 and the bowl 20 are screwed together, and the screw rotation is locked by the bowl lock 50, so that the above-mentioned disadvantages do not occur and the present invention is superior.

[0021]

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the crusher of the present invention is equipped with a distance sensor and a control device to transmit a command signal, and operates by operating the drive bar, bowl lock, and ram cylinder provided on the adjustment cap. The bowl can be automatically and easily moved up and down by rotating it relative to the adjustment ring using medium and remote control, and the set value can be changed. Therefore, lost time due to idle operation can be prevented,
Maintainability can be significantly improved. After the set is completed, the adjustment ring and bowl are locked in a double manner, so that the set value remains unchanged and the product size remains uniform.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall vertical sectional view of a crusher showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially sectional perspective view of a crusher showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of a crusher set adjustment device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of essential parts of a crusher set adjustment device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a control system diagram of a set adjustment device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crushing section (bowl liner and mantle) showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a crushing section showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a control device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Crusher 2 Mainframe 2a Main frame pin 3 Boss 4 Main shaft 5 Eccentric 6 Eccentric bush 7 Head bush 8 Head 9 Mantle 9a Through hole 10 Gear 11 Pinion 12 Rotation axis 13 Bearing 14 V pulley 15 Feed plate 16 Head ball 17 Spherical seat 18 Upper thrust bearing 19 Lower thrust bearing 20 Bowl 21 Bowl liner 21a Through hole 22 Adjustment ring 22a Clamping ring 23 Hopper 24 Clamping cylinder 25 Release cylinder 40 Adjustment cap 42 Drive bar 44 Ram cylinder 44a Striker 44b driver 44A Clockwise ram cylinder 44B Ram cylinder for counterclockwise rotation 45 Vertical shaft 46 Tension coil spring 50 Bowl Rock 60 Hydraulic unit 62 Solenoid valve 64 Solenoid valve 66 Solenoid valve 67 Limit switch 68 Limit switch 70 Proximity switch 100 Control panel 110 Programmable operation display 120 Sequencer control device 200 Distance sensor 300 Control device

Claims (1)

[Claims] [Claim 1] A main frame, an adjustment ring mounted on the main frame and screwed on the inner circumferential surface, and an adjustment ring screwed on the outer circumference and movable in the vertical direction by being screwed into the adjustment ring. A bowl, a main shaft disposed at the center bottom of the main frame and supported vertically or substantially vertically via a boss, and an eccentric that is fitted onto the main shaft via a bearing and rotates eccentrically with respect to the vertical axis. , a crusher having a head that is fitted into the eccentric via a bearing and rotates, a pair of upper and lower crushing parts each consisting of a bowl liner attached to the bowl and a mantle attached to the head, and rotational drive means for the eccentric. A clamping ring that includes a release cylinder that urges the adjustment ring toward the main frame, a clamping cylinder that locks the screwing of the bowl and the adjustment ring, and a clamping ring that screws into the bowl and the adjustment ring. A plurality of drive bars are provided protruding from the side surface of the bowl or the adjustment cap, which is arranged at the upper end of the bowl and has a cylindrical surface. a ratchet mechanism that is rotatable in the rotational direction and that abuts against the drive bar through a spring force to prevent rotation of the bowl, and that unlocks the ratchet mechanism as the piston rod moves forward; A pair of hydraulic cylinders that press the side of the drive bar to rotate the bowl clockwise or counterclockwise are horizontally disposed outside the bowl or adjustment cap so as to be freely rotatable around a vertical axis. A stepped through hole is provided in each of the bowl liner and the mantle that penetrates the fracture surface, and a distance sensor (displacement meter) is installed in the through hole.
and a control device that transmits a command signal for changing the minimum gap to the minimum gap changing means when the indicated value of the minimum gap of the crushing part obtained from the distance sensor exceeds a preset value. A crusher.