JPH04319910A - Liquid crystal display and relative projection type liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a small-size, high-precision and easy-to-use device by using a scattering liquid crystal element. CONSTITUTION:Light from a light source 11 is reflected by a reflecting mirror 12 via a converging lens 13, converted into a balanced light by a lens 16, entered into scattering liquid crystal elements 15 provided in three ways through a dichroic mirror 14, made into three colors, red, green and blue, by using the liquid crystal element and projected again to a screen through the dichroic mirror 14, the converging lens 16 and a magnifying lens 17. A light detector 1704 is provided at the focusing point of the converging lens 16 to provide the additional function of adjusting the light source in accordance with the detection results. The scattering liquid crystal element allows the utilization factor of light to be twice that in the past, a reflection optical system realizes a small size and the light detector facilitates the replacement of a lamp.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal projection type display device that displays an image on a liquid crystal element and projects this image onto a screen, and particularly relates to a liquid crystal element whose scattering and transparent states are controlled by voltage, This invention relates to a compact, highly accurate, and easy-to-use liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal projection display device using the same.

0002

[Prior Art] Three TN (Twisted Nema)
A liquid crystal projection display that uses a tic) type liquid crystal element as an image source and projects it onto a screen to produce a color image has been awarded the International Symposium Digest Award.
Of S.I.D. (1986), pages 375 to 378 (International Sy.
mposium Digest of SID pp3
75-378 (1986)).

Recently, instead of TN type liquid crystals, polymer-dispersed liquid crystals have been developed, in which liquid crystals are dispersed in transparent resin, and the scattering and transparent states change depending on the strength of an externally applied electric field. The device used was published on pages 227 to 230 of the International Symposium Digest of SID (1990) (Inte
National Symposium Diges
toofSID, pp227-230 (1990))
It is stated in Furthermore, in this paper, thin film transistors are fabricated using polysilicon thin films.

[0004] Furthermore, as a projection type liquid crystal display device,
There is a publication No.-12291. In this known example, the light source is placed at a position offset from the central axis, and the projection lens is placed at a position symmetrical to the light source with respect to the central axis.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Among the above-mentioned conventional technologies, those driven by thin film transistors and using TN liquid crystals cannot display light because the thin film transistors themselves and the wiring electrode portions of rows and columns cannot pass through. The effective area of the pixel electrode becomes smaller, and usually the effective area is 10% to 3
It has to be around 0%. Furthermore, due to the light absorption property of the polarizing plate, which is essential for TN type liquid crystal, the light is halved by the polarizing plate.
It becomes below. Therefore, the transmittance of the liquid crystal element is significantly reduced, and in order to increase the brightness on the screen, it is necessary to use a light source that consumes a large amount of power.

[0006]Also, even with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, optical loss due to polarizing plates can be eliminated, but the area occupied by thin film transistors and wiring electrodes is still large, and the transmittance of liquid crystal elements is still insufficient. .

Furthermore, in conventional projection type liquid crystal display devices, the light source and the projection lens are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis, which not only makes it impossible to achieve sufficient miniaturization, but also makes it difficult to achieve sufficient miniaturization in the event that the lamp, which is the light source, breaks down. In the past, amateurs were unable to replace the item and had to send it to the manufacturer for replacement. This is because if the optical axis shifts by a few microns due to the light source, the resolution will be extremely poor.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the loss of light within a liquid crystal projection display device, increase the efficiency of light utilization, and provide a compact device with low power consumption.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a compact and highly reliable device in which a driving circuit for a liquid crystal element is built into the liquid crystal element.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device having a built-in optical axis adjustment function that facilitates lamp replacement.

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs a light-scattering liquid crystal instead of a TN liquid crystal, and further provides a reflective liquid crystal element with a reflective layer inside the liquid crystal element. The optical system is also a reflective projection optical system.

[0012] In addition, in order to achieve the other object described above, a liquid crystal element is constructed using a silicon single crystal substrate in order to incorporate not only active elements for pixel driving such as transistors but also peripheral driving circuits in the element. It is. In addition,
By arranging the light source at a position of about 90 degrees with respect to the projection axis, the lamp, which is the light source, can be easily replaced and the optical meter can be made smaller.

Furthermore, the structure is such that a photodetector for adjusting the optical axis and a lamp position driving circuit are built-in.

[0014]

[Operation] If a light scattering type liquid crystal is used instead of a TN type liquid crystal, there is no need to use a polarizing plate, so there is no essential light absorption, and the loss of light generated in the light source can be reduced, resulting in low power consumption. A bright display can be obtained with a light source of

Furthermore, by using a reflective liquid crystal element,
Since a reflective layer (shared with the pixel electrode) can be provided on active elements such as transistors and wiring electrodes, it is possible to increase the effective area that can be used for display, resulting in an even brighter display. .

Furthermore, by making the projection optical system a reflection type, the color separation optical system and the color synthesis optical system can be shared by the same optical system, and the light source can be positioned at 90 degrees with respect to the projection axis. By doing so, it is easy to downsize the device.

Furthermore, in the reflective liquid crystal element, one of the substrates does not need to be transparent, so a silicon single crystal substrate can be used as the substrate. For this reason, it is possible to obtain a transistor with higher performance than a thin film transistor, and since peripheral circuits can be built in, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of connections to the outside, which prevents deterioration in reliability due to poor connections, etc.
The device can be further downsized.

Further, by providing a photodetector and a lamp position driving mechanism, the user only needs to change the lamp when replacing the lamp, and the device performs fine adjustments, thereby improving usability.

[0019]

Embodiment FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows the optical system of a liquid crystal projection display, in which a lens 13 focuses white light generated from a light source 11 onto a reflecting mirror 12, and converts the white light reflected by the reflecting mirror 12 into parallel light. A lens 16 that illuminates the reflective liquid crystal elements 15-R, 15-G, and 15-B corresponding to the three primary colors through the color separation and synthesis optical system 14, and the reflective liquid crystal elements 15-R and 1
It is comprised of a lens 17 that projects the light reflected from 5-G and 15-B, passed through a color separation/synthesis optical system 14, and a lens 16 onto a screen. The three reflective liquid crystal elements each receive image signals Vs(R) and V which are obtained by decomposing the color image signal Vs into three primary color components by the drive circuit 18.
It is driven by s(G) and Vs(B).

Here, the light source 11 is a metal halide lamp with a reflecting mirror, and a dichroic reflecting mirror that reflects only visible light to prevent infrared rays unnecessary for display from entering the liquid crystal element is used.

The lens 13 has the role of focusing on the reflecting mirror 12, and is arranged so that the distance between the principal point of the lens and the condensing part of the reflecting mirror 12 almost matches the focal length. . Further, the light condensing portion of the reflecting mirror 12 includes lenses 16 and 1.
Since the liquid crystal elements 15-R, 15-G, and 15-B are arranged at a position offset from the center line of the mirror 7, the condensing portion of the light reflected by the liquid crystal elements 15-R, 15-G, and 15-B is located at a position offset from the reflecting mirror 12. There is no loss of reflected light due to the reflecting mirror.

The lens 16 is located at a position approximately equal to the focal length from the condensing point of the reflecting mirror 12, and converts the incident light into parallel light to enter the next color separation/synthesis optical system 14. The color separation/synthesis optical system 14 is composed of a dichroic prism, and reflects or transmits the red component of the incident white light to the right, the green component to the bottom, and the blue component to the left.

The liquid crystal elements 15-R, 15-G, and 15-B are reflective liquid crystal elements using light-scattering liquid crystal, and are driven by color-separated image signals corresponding to each color. If the transparent portion is bright on the screen, the light scattering portion within the device will appear dark on the screen.

Reflective liquid crystal elements 15-R, 15-G, 15
The equivalent circuit of the -B pixel is as shown in FIG. 2, with the gate of the transistor 31 connected to the row electrode 47 and the drain connected to the column electrode 4
The source is connected to the pixel electrode. In FIG. 2, a storage capacitor 52 is provided in parallel with the capacitor made up of the liquid crystal 50 and the transparent electrode 51 common to each pixel. Also,
At the other end of the storage capacitor 52, a dedicated extraction electrode 53 keeps the storage capacitors of all pixels at the same potential.

The storage capacitor 52 is provided for the purpose of preventing the drive voltage of the liquid crystal from decreasing due to its own leakage current, and is unnecessary if the impedance of the liquid crystal is sufficiently high.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal element. A light scattering liquid crystal 61 is sandwiched between two substrates 60 and 62. Here, the lower substrate 60 is a silicon single crystal wafer,
A transistor 63 is formed on the wafer, and a source electrode of the transistor is connected to a pixel electrode 64. This pixel electrode is made of metal such as aluminum, and also functions as a light reflecting layer. Opposing board 6
2 is made of transparent glass, and a transparent electrode is provided inside. Further, an antireflection layer 66 made of a dielectric multilayer film is provided on the surface of the substrate 62 to prevent deterioration in image quality due to surface reflection.

Since the circuit configuration of the entire wafer cannot be seen in FIG. 3, it will be explained with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a circuit built into the wafer, and shows circuits 71, 72, and 72 for driving a display section 70 consisting of pixels arranged in a matrix.
There are 73. Here, 71 is a scanning side drive circuit that applies a gate pulse voltage in time series to a group of row electrodes in which gates of transistors are connected in each row, 72 is a signal side circuit that applies an image signal to a group of column electrodes, and 73 is a signal side circuit that applies both This is a control circuit that controls the circuit.

Since a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal was used as the light-scattering liquid crystal, its operation will be explained with reference to FIG. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal has a structure in which a nematic liquid crystal 82 is contained in a capsule shape in an organic material 81, such as polyvinyl alcohol. At this time, the nematic liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally to the wall surface of the capsule, so in a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal with a slightly elliptical cross-sectional structure, light incident in the vertical direction in the figure is directed in the direction of the short axis of the molecule. This means that there is a high percentage of people showing this. On the other hand, when the voltage from the drive voltage source 83 is applied, the nematic liquid crystal molecules are oriented with their long axes facing the direction of the electric field as shown, so that the incident light enters from the direction of the long axis of the molecules.

At this time, in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal whose refractive index is selected so that the refractive index of the organic material 81 and the refractive index in the long axis direction of the molecules are approximately equal, at the interface of the capsule when no electric field is applied,
Since the organic material and the liquid crystal have different refractive indexes, light scattering occurs, and when an electric field is applied, the organic material and the liquid crystal have approximately the same refractive index, so no light scattering occurs and the material becomes transparent.

In a liquid crystal element having the structure shown in FIG. 4 using such a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, a pixel to which a sufficient electric field is applied by a transistor will be able to absorb light incident from above the element, since the liquid crystal is transparent. Almost 100% (actually about 80% to 90%) of the light is reflected off the reflective layer that is the pixel electrode, resulting in bright pixels on the screen. On the other hand, when no electric field is applied, light is strongly scattered within the liquid crystal layer, so the scattered light does not reach the screen, resulting in a dark display.

Note that since the intensity of scattering gradually changes as the voltage increases, halftone display can be performed by voltage modulation.

In the first embodiment described above, by using a light-scattering liquid crystal, the polarizing plate, which is indispensable in a TN liquid crystal, can be removed, so that the brightness can be approximately doubled. Furthermore, by using a reflective liquid crystal element, the pixel electrode can be provided also on the transistor or wiring electrode, thereby increasing light utilization efficiency. Therefore, compared to conventional projection displays, a brighter display can be realized with a lamp that consumes less power. Furthermore, since a reflective projection optical system is used, the color separation optical system and the color synthesis optical system can be used in common, making it possible to downsize the apparatus.

Furthermore, by incorporating the peripheral drive circuit on the silicon single crystal wafer, the number of connection points with the outside can be significantly reduced, and the effect of improving reliability and reducing the size of the device by simplifying packaging is significant. FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

The light-scattering liquid crystal of this example differs from Example 1 in that the nematic liquid crystal 92 is included in the organic material 91.
However, the nematic liquid crystal is not capsule-shaped (approximately spherical), but the nematic liquid crystal fills the gaps between the organic materials, as shown in FIG.

The optical behavior with respect to the presence or absence of an electric field is the same as in Example 1, but since there are many liquid crystal parts that penetrate between the electrodes in the direction of the electric field, the driving voltage can be lower than that of a capsule-shaped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal. It is a characteristic.

FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.

The light-scattering liquid crystal of this example is a liquid crystal material having a smectic A phase, as shown in FIG. When no electric field is applied, smectic A-phase liquid crystals exhibit focal
It takes an orientation state called a conic structure that exhibits light scattering properties. On the other hand, when an electric field is applied, a homeotropic structure 102 in which the long axis of the molecules is aligned in the direction of the electric field is assumed, and the display becomes transparent, so that the above-mentioned display can be achieved. In this example, unlike Examples 1 and 2, only the liquid crystal material is sealed between the electrodes, and the manufacturing method can be almost the same as that using a conventional TN type liquid crystal.

FIG. 8 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a switching circuit 111 is provided which selects and outputs one input from two inputs for each pixel using a plurality of transistors in each pixel. The switching circuit 111 reads display information input from the column electrodes 113 using pulse voltage signals from the row electrodes 112, and selects either display voltage V(on) or V(off) accordingly. , liquid crystal 114
to drive. Also, if you create a circuit that retains the display information once read until the next pulse voltage arrives,
Since V(on) or V(off) is always applied to the liquid crystal, there is no time for the circuit to be in an open state as seen from the liquid crystal, which is unique to the conventional example, and the impedance management of the liquid crystal layer can be reduced. Furthermore, there is an effect that the storage capacitor 115 can be made unnecessary.

In this embodiment, since a switching circuit with two inputs and one output is used, only binary display is possible, but the number of inputs of the switching circuit is increased, and the display information and display voltage value are increased accordingly. Therefore, extension to multi-value display is obvious.

FIG. 9 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, each pixel has a sample and hold circuit S/H and further has an analog amplifier Amp.

The sample and hold circuit S/H reads and holds analog image information using pulse voltages applied from the row electrodes. The role of analog amplifier A is to amplify this analog image information to a predetermined size and drive the liquid crystal.
mp is in charge, and as in the fourth embodiment, the liquid crystal 123 is always driven by a low impedance voltage source, which has the effect of reducing the impedance management of the liquid crystal layer and further eliminating the need for the storage capacitor 124. .

FIG. 10 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a control circuit including not only a display section 131 and its peripheral circuit 132 but also a frame memory 133 that stores display information for one screen and its control circuit is built into a silicon single crystal wafer. This is what I did.

With such a configuration, an external device (for example, a personal computer) can use the frame memory 13.
Third, all that is needed is to write the display information, eliminating the need for control timing generation and time-series high-speed transmission of image data, which were required in the past.

FIG. 11 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

This example is an example of a method for mounting a liquid crystal element.
Dichroic prism 14, which is a color separation and synthesis optical system
External lead terminal wiring is provided on the silicon single crystal wafer 142, and electrical connection with the silicon single crystal wafer 142 is made as shown in the figure.
Do it through solder bumps. So-called chip-on
This is done using the glass method. Naturally, the liquid crystal is placed between the dichroic prism 141 and the silicon single crystal wafer 142, and the counter electrode 144 is either on the liquid crystal layer or the connection from the dichroic prism to the external circuit is via a flexible flat cable 145. This is done by

[0050] By adopting such a mounting method,
Packaging of the liquid crystal element is simplified, and the device can be made smaller.

FIG. 12 shows an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the light incident side glass substrate 151 of the liquid crystal element is tilted with respect to the optical axis. In this way, the light components that are reflected on the surface of the glass substrate 151 and that would otherwise degrade display quality are deviated from the optical axis.
Since the light does not reach the screen, deterioration of display quality can be prevented. Note that through the liquid crystal layer 152 in a transparent state,
Since the light reflected on the silicon single crystal wafer travels along a predetermined optical axis, there is no problem with the display operation.

FIG. 13 shows a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

The present embodiment is an example of a projection optical system, and is different from the first embodiment in that a half mirror 161 is used instead of a reflecting mirror. At this time, the white light emitted from the light source 162 is turned into substantially parallel light by the lens 163. Approximately 50% of this parallel light is reflected to the left by the half mirror 161, and enters the dichroic prism 164, which is a color separation and synthesis optical system. The operations of the dichroic prism and liquid crystal elements 165-R, 165-G, and 165-B are the same as in the first embodiment.

[0055] The light reflected by the liquid crystal element and recombined is
It enters the half mirror 161 again, and approximately 50% of the incident light
% is projected onto the screen by the projection lens 166.

Although the present optical system has a drawback of large optical loss, the optical system is simplified and has a significant effect on miniaturization and cost reduction.

FIG. 14 shows a projection type liquid crystal display device with a built-in lamp adjustment function.

In this figure, the same parts as in FIG. 1 are given the same numbers.

In this embodiment, a mechanism is provided for automatically adjusting the lamp position, which is necessary when replacing the lamp 11 that is the light source.

Since the lamp 11 is considered to be the part in this optical system that has the shortest life and requires replacement, its replacement is essential. This replacement usually involves complicated positioning work and had to be carried out by a specialist. However, in this embodiment, the position fine adjustment mechanism 1 finely adjusts the position of the lamp holder.
702, a drive circuit 1703 for driving this, a photodetector 1704, a photodetector moving mechanism 1750, and a photodetector drive circuit 1706, and automatic position adjustment can be performed.

Next, the operation will be explained.

A feature of this optical system is that there is a condensing point at point P within the optical system. Therefore, when replacing the lamp, the position may be adjusted so that the condensing point is accurately located at point P. Therefore, the photodetector 1704 can be placed at the point P. Therefore, the photodetector 1704 is normally located at a position that does not obstruct the optical path.
A light detection moving mechanism 1 that moves the light to point P when replacing the lamp.
705 and its drive circuit 1706 are operated. The photodetector 1704 has a photodetector element whose diameter is smaller than the focal spot diameter at point P, and the time when the amount of light detected by this photodetector element becomes the largest is when the light is focused exactly on point P. Therefore, the light detection output is sent to the lamp position fine adjustment mechanism drive circuit 1703 to finely adjust the lamp position.

Furthermore, since it is usually difficult to determine the maximum light amount, the optimum light amount range is stored in advance according to the type of lamp 11 used, and the adjustment is completed when the detected light amount falls within the light amount range. You can also do that.

Furthermore, the output of the photodetector and the optimum light amount range can be displayed so that the lamp position fine adjustment mechanism can be manually driven, so that even an amateur can easily perform fine adjustment according to the display.

[0065] After adjusting the lamp position automatically or manually in this manner, by returning the light detecting section 1704 to the initial position, it no longer obstructs the optical path and can function as a display. Note that since the amount of movement of the photodetector is uniquely determined once determined by the optical system, it can also be done manually. Moreover, this photodetector can also be used for optical axis adjustment, etc.

It should be noted that the lamp position fine movement mechanism 1702 can be one that can be finely moved one-dimensionally, two-dimensionally, or three-dimensionally.

Further, in this embodiment, a reflective type liquid crystal display device has been described, but it goes without saying that the lamp adjustment photodetector of the present invention can also be provided in a transmissive type liquid crystal display device if a light convergence point is provided in the device. This makes it easy to replace lamps and adjust optical axis deviations.

In the above embodiment, the amount of light detected by the photodetector was used as the amount of light, but the intensity of light or the like may also be measured.

According to the above-described embodiment, the lamp can be easily replaced, so it is suitable for use in a place where a specialist is not present, such as at home.

[0070]

According to the present invention, by using a light-scattering liquid crystal that does not require a polarizing plate, the light utilization efficiency of the liquid crystal part can be almost doubled, and by using a reflective element, the effective display area can be increased. This makes it possible to realize a bright projection display with low power consumption.

Furthermore, by using a reflective projection optical system, the optical system can be made smaller.

Furthermore, by using a liquid crystal element in which active elements such as transistors are formed on a silicon single crystal wafer, peripheral drive circuits and various control circuits can also be built into the liquid crystal element, which improves reliability by reducing the number of connection terminals. It can be improved, the implementation can be simplified, and the size can be reduced.

Furthermore, by providing a condensing point in the projection device, it is easy to measure the light intensity and amount of light, and the structure allows for easy adjustment of optical axis deviations due to lamp replacement and vibration, so even an amateur can replace the lamp. Improved usability.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an optical system layout diagram of a liquid crystal projection display showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing one pixel of the liquid crystal element of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a liquid crystal element.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a circuit built into a liquid crystal element.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal used in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal used in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of one pixel according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram of one pixel according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a built-in circuit of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the mounting of a liquid crystal element according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal element according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an optical system layout diagram of a projection display according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of a projection display with a lamp adjustment function according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

11... Light source, 12... Reflecting mirror, 13, 16, 17... Lens, 14... Color separation and synthesis optical system, 15-R, 15-G, 15
-B...Liquid crystal element, 18...Peripheral drive circuit.

Claims (26)

[Claims] 1. A projection type liquid crystal display device comprising a light source, a reflective liquid crystal display element, a color separation/synthesis optical system disposed immediately before the liquid crystal display element, a projection lens, etc., wherein the reflective liquid crystal display element A projection type liquid crystal display device characterized by using a light scattering type liquid crystal. 2. A light source; the light from the light source is reflected by a reflecting mirror through a first condensing lens, and the white light reflected by the reflecting mirror is converted into parallel light by a second condensing lens. The light is separated into multiple lights with different spectra through a color separation and synthesis optical system, and then irradiated onto a light-scattering reflective liquid crystal element, in which the information corresponding to red, blue, and green is transmitted to the reflective liquid crystal element. A projection type liquid crystal display device characterized in that a desired image is projected onto a screen through the second condensing lens and the magnifying lens. 3. The reflective liquid crystal element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a liquid crystal layer is sealed between a glass substrate on which a transparent electrode is formed on one side and a silicon substrate, and a liquid crystal layer is placed on the silicon substrate. forms the liquid crystal driving transistor,
A projection type liquid crystal display device, wherein a source electrode of the transistor is connected to a pixel electrode made of metal such as aluminum, and the pixel electrode has a function as a light reflecting layer. 4. A projection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal element is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal having a structure in which nematic liquid crystal is contained in an organic material. 5. A projection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal has a structure in which nematic liquid crystal is contained in an organic material in a capsule shape. 6. A projection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal element is a scattering type liquid crystal using a smectic A phase liquid crystal material. 7. In claim 1 or 2, the liquid crystal element has a plurality of switching elements for each pixel, and the switching element is provided separately from wiring from a gate drive circuit and an image information circuit. A display voltage input line is connected to the display voltage input line, and the display voltage of each pixel is turned on or off by switching the switches of the plurality of switching elements according to display information from the image information circuit. A projection type liquid crystal display device. 8. According to claim 1 or 2, the liquid crystal element includes a sample and hold circuit and an analog amplifier for each pixel, and the sample and hold circuit reads and holds image information given from the row electrodes, A projection type liquid crystal display device characterized in that the image information is amplified to a predetermined size by an analog amplifier to drive a liquid crystal. 9. According to claim 1 or 2, the liquid crystal element includes a display section made up of a plurality of pixels each containing a liquid crystal, and a drive circuit for driving the liquid crystal, in a silicon single crystal wafer. A projection type liquid crystal display device comprising: a control circuit that controls the drive circuit; and a frame memory that stores display information for one screen. 10. In claim 1 or 2, the color separation and synthesis optical system uses a dichroic prism, and a liquid crystal element formed on a silicon single crystal substrate is installed on the dichroic prism, and A projection type characterized in that an extraction terminal provided on the dichroic prism and a terminal of the liquid crystal element are connected by solder bumps, and further, the dichroic prism is connected to an external circuit by a flexible flat cable. LCD display device. 11. In claim 3, one surface of the glass substrate is provided tilted with respect to the optical axis, and light deviating from the optical axis is reflected on the surface of the glass substrate and is not transmitted to the liquid crystal layer. A projection type liquid crystal display device featuring: 12. A light source; the light from the light source is reflected by a half mirror via a condensing lens; the white light reflected by the half mirror is converted into parallel light; and the light is passed through a color separation and synthesis optical system. The information is irradiated onto a scattering reflective liquid crystal element, the information corresponding to the colors red, blue, and green is reflected on the reflective liquid crystal element, passed through the color separation optical system again, and then further irradiated with the half mirror,
and a projection type liquid crystal display device that projects a desired image onto a screen via a magnifying lens. 13. A light scattering reflective liquid crystal element is irradiated with white light from a light source, and red, blue,
In a projection type liquid crystal display device that reflects green colored light and projects a desired image onto a screen via a magnifying lens, the colored reflected light is focused into a single point by a condensing lens. A projection type liquid crystal display device characterized in that, after condensing light, a desired image is projected onto a screen using a magnifying lens. 14. In claim 13, when replacing the light source, a photodetector is provided at a focal position of the condenser lens, and the position of the light source is adjusted based on the detection result of the detector. A projection type liquid crystal display device featuring: 15. The projection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein the position adjustment of the light source is determined based on the amount of light detected by the detector. 16. In claim 14, an optimum light amount range is stored in advance according to the type of lamp used for the light source, and the light source is adjusted such that the light amount detected by the detector is within the optimum light amount range. A projection type liquid crystal display device characterized in that the position of the projection type liquid crystal display device is adjusted. 17. In a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sealed between a glass substrate on which a transparent electrode is formed on one side and a silicon substrate, a liquid crystal driving transistor is formed on the silicon substrate, and a source electrode of the transistor is formed on the silicon substrate. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the pixel electrode is connected to a pixel electrode made of metal such as aluminum, and the pixel electrode has a role as a light reflecting layer. 18. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the liquid crystal element is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal having a structure in which a nematic liquid crystal is contained in an organic material. 19. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal has a structure in which nematic liquid crystal is contained in an organic material in a capsule shape. 20. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the liquid crystal element is a scattering type liquid crystal using a smectic A phase liquid crystal material. 21. In claim 17, the liquid crystal element includes a switching element having two input terminals and one output terminal for each pixel, and the wiring from the gate drive circuit and the image information circuit of the switching element is A liquid crystal display device characterized in that a display voltage input line is provided separately, and the display voltage is turned on or off by switching the switch of the switching element according to display information from the image information circuit. . 22. In claim 17, the liquid crystal element includes a sample and hold circuit and an analog amplifier for each pixel, the sample and hold circuit reads and holds the image information given from the row electrodes, and the analog amplifier reads and holds the image information given from the row electrodes. A liquid crystal display device characterized by having a configuration in which image information is amplified to a predetermined size to drive a liquid crystal. 23. According to claim 17, the liquid crystal element includes a display section comprising a plurality of pixels each containing a liquid crystal inside a silicon single crystal wafer, and a drive circuit for driving the liquid crystal.
A liquid crystal display device comprising: a control circuit that controls the drive circuit; and a frame memory that stores display information for one screen. 24. A light source; the light from the light source is reflected by a reflecting mirror through a condensing lens; the white light reflected by the reflecting mirror is converted into parallel light; and the light is passed through a color separation and synthesis optical system. The light is irradiated onto a scattering reflective liquid crystal element, and the red, blue, and green colored light is reflected by the reflective liquid crystal element, passed through a color separation optical system again, and then passed through a condensing lens and a magnifying lens. In a projection type liquid crystal display device that projects a desired image onto a screen via 1. A projection type liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the projection type liquid crystal display device is configured to perform position adjustment. 25. In claim 24, the photodetector is moved up and down by a drive device, the detection result is input to a control circuit that controls a position adjustment drive circuit, and the position of the light source is determined based on the input information. A projection type liquid crystal display device characterized by having a configuration for adjusting. 26. A projection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light source is provided at a position approximately 90 degrees with respect to a projection axis.