JPH0431513A - Dredging method of earth and device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to save labors in a series of works by making use of a surface position of the inside of a dam and a head of the outside of the dam as power source, absorbing earth and the like together with water based on the theory of siphonage, and discharging them to a lower position of the outside of the dam through a transferring pipe. CONSTITUTION:A transferring pipe 1 capable of expansion is supported by floats 2 or variable floats 3 to place it under the water surface 34. When an earth absorbing pipe 32 is fitted to a hole 11 of a vertical transferring pipe by up-and-down motion thereof, water flows into the pipe from the side. The pressure of a lower nozzle is reduced by the inflow to control a suction amount of earth and the like 33. A curved section of a transferring pipe 10 is supported by a current variable float 3', and the inside space of the float 3' and an air connection pipe 5 to connect with the outside air are maintained by a float 30 capable of up-and-down motion. In addition, the transferring pipe 1 has a slight down-slope, the clogging of the inside of a pipe is prevented by vibration from an electromagnetic vibrator 13, and energy is added in the forward direction to facilitate a long-distance conveyance.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application This invention mainly relates to a method and ancillary equipment for dredging and transporting earth and sand within a dam.

Conventional technology Currently, the method of dredging sediment accumulated in water storage dams, etc. is as follows.
Mechanical methods using dredgers, such as ■grab ships, ■packet ships, ■pump ships, and ■day par boats, and natural drainage methods using water power include: ■discharging from the dam bottom. ■There is a method of discharging water from the middle of the dam, but the method using a dredger is limited by location conditions, and there are also limits to the amount of dredging and the size of the equipment, so it is currently unable to handle large amounts of sediment. . In addition, the natural drainage method is a local dredging method that is effective only around the weir of the dam due to its structure.
The drawback is that the accumulated sediment that has flowed into the upstream area where it is most needed cannot be discharged at all.

C1 Problems that the invention aims to solve Most of the toms in our country are accumulating earth and sand faster than expected, greatly reducing their water storage capacity. The actual situation has been announced by public institutions, but with the current dredging and natural discharge methods, it is not possible to dispose of large quantities at a low cost. In addition, the method of transporting dredged earth and sand from mountainous areas to the appropriate location was a major issue, and there was a strong demand for a solution to this problem.

20 Means for Solving the Problem Conventionally, sediment on the lake bed has been dredged by internal combustion engines or electrically powered pumps. The method of the present invention mainly utilizes the potential energy and atmospheric pressure of water, and uses the water flow generated by the head difference between the lake surface and the drainage position to transport sediment on the lake bed through a pipeline, thus transporting it. Capacity is proportional to head. In addition, when suctioning sediment on the lake bed using atmospheric pressure, the suction power is maximum (approximately IKg/
cm 2 ), and the suction power is sufficient even with the specific gravity of the earth and sand being 2.7 g/cm', but in long horizontal sections above the lake surface, the flow velocity decreases due to the lack of pressure difference and the resistance inside the pipe. To do this, if necessary, a driving force such as electromagnetic vibration is applied to the sediment fluid as a jet water stream or to a conveying pipe with a slight downward slope as external energy.

9 Action The earth and sand and stones (hereinafter referred to as earth and sand) deposited on the lake bottom are mainly used as a power source between the water surface position inside the dam and the head outside the dam, and also based on the principle of a siphon. It sucks up sediment along with water and releases it to a low location outside the dam through a conveyor pipe. The flow and stop of the sediment is mainly carried out by floating and submerging the curved pipe section on the surface of the lake using a variable water flow float (hollow box body), and the sorting of the discharged sediment is carried out using the own energy of the fluid. Automatically processes the sieve by applying rotation and impact to prevent clogging.

Therefore, the power source and operation are mainly based on the potential energy of water and the action of atmospheric pressure, which saves labor in a series of operations such as dredging, transportation, and sorting. Long-distance transportation is also possible.

(In terms of terminology, a variable float that adjusts water flow is called a "variable water flow float," and a float that only changes buoyancy is called a "variable float," but the structure and action are the same, only the purpose is different. 〉Example Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the implementation of this method.A telescopic conveying pipe 1 is supported by a float 2 or a variable float 3 and is installed below the water surface 34. This is a method to prevent ice from freezing during work, to prevent ships from obstructing navigation routes, and to maintain the beauty of the environment.The float 2 may be floated on or on the surface of the lake.The total buoyancy of the float 2 is greater than the total weight of the conveyor pipe. , the required depth is set using the depth adjuster 24.The variable float 3 adjusts the buoyancy by increasing or decreasing the amount of internal water, and is used when setting up a conveyor pipe or levitating it for repair. Because there is no air and the pipeline is filled with water, float 2 is the main support for the pipeline.The suction side of the nopai brine is bent toward the bottom of the lake, and there is an air vent outside of this bend. This hole is an important physical element that interrupts the flow in the pipe (siphon principle), and it is equipped with a valve (although it is possible to do so, it is usually left open). There is a hole 11 at the tip of the vertical conveyance pipe 10, and there is a sand suction pipe 32 (nozzle pipe) that moves up and down along this vertical conveyance pipe, and a hole 35 is opened.The vertical movement of this pipe causes vertical conveyance. When the water meets the hole 11 of the pipe, water flows into the pipe from the side. This inflow reduces the pressure at the lower nozzle part, and the amount of suction of the sediment 33 can be adjusted. The vertical movement of the sediment suction pipe 32 is controlled by the variable float 3. However, when sufficient buoyancy is applied to this variable float, it floats up to the stopper 23 provided on the vertical conveyance pipe, and the buoyancy is applied to the vertical conveyance pipe 10.
As a result, the tube 10 floats while lying down with the horizontal conveyance tube 1 as its axis. Therefore, the horizontal conveying pipe 1 is provided with a flexible rotating structure 4, and the nozzle 12 of the earth and sand suction pipe 32 is connected to the second
．． As shown in Figure 3, the nozzle has a radial shape with an open center, and the diameter of the radial nozzle is determined by the thickness of the conveying pipe and the size of the earth and sand to be conveyed. In addition, the shape is expanded in the direction of flow, and the structure is made such that the sediment is constantly pushed out in a wider direction, making it difficult to get caught. However, if the center is blocked by debris larger than the nozzle diameter, the sediment suction pipe 32 will be pushed up by water pressure. The hole 11 on the side surface of the vertical conveying pipe matches the hole 35 of the earth and sand suction pipe 32, and water flows in from the side surface. Therefore, the pressure in the nozzle part decreases, making it easier for the earth and sand to separate. Furthermore, when the sediment suction pipe is lowered, the holes become open and the inflow from the sides stops, and the water flow returns from the nozzle at the bottom.

Regarding the operation method, the above-mentioned conveying pipe of the curved pipe portion is supported by a variable water flow float 3', and the air communication pipe 5, which constantly communicates the internal space of this float with the outside air, is held by a float 30 that can move up and down. . Further, at the bottom of the variable water flow float 3', there is a hole 6 for introducing water and a drainage hole 7 larger than this hole, which is connected to a water pipe 9 with a valve 8.

This structure allows the buoyancy to be set freely. That is, when the valve 8 is fully opened, the amount of water flowing out is greater than the amount of water entering, and the total amount of water inside is reduced. At the same time, air is introduced into the variable water flow float from the outside through the air communication pipe 5, so that the buoyancy increases. Further, when reducing the buoyancy, close the valve 8. That is, since drainage is stopped, water entering from the water introduction hole 6 discharges the internal air from the air communication pipe 5, gradually reducing the buoyancy, and finally loses buoyancy and the conveying pipe sinks to the bottom of the lake, as shown in Fig. 3. is a state diagram in which the curved part of the conveying pipe 1 is floated above the water surface by adjusting the buoyancy of this variable water flow float 3'. Air is introduced through the hole 31 made in the curved part as described above, and the inside of the conveying pipe is This location stops the flow of debris. Further, the descending speed and rising speed of the conveying pipe can be set by the size of the air hole 31 in the curved part and the size of the water inlet hole 6 and water discharge hole 7 provided with the variable water flow float 3', and the vertical movement is controlled by the valve. It is operated by opening and closing 8. Additionally, a depth meter and an underwater camera are attached to the vertical conveyance pipe 10, and the dredging operation is performed while grasping the suction situation.

Next, the movement of the vertical conveyance pipe 10 up and down, front and back, left and right will be described. The vertical movement is mainly performed by adjusting the buoyancy of the variable water flow float 3', but it may be adjusted by other power as necessary. The movement forward, backward, left and right is as shown in Figure 4.
An anchor 25 and a weighted variable float 27 are connected to the conveying pipe 1 by a drive chain 28, and a chain holder provided on the outer periphery of the conveying pipe 1 is hung from the left and right sides of the body 29, and rotation is caused by increasing or decreasing the buoyancy of the weighted variable float 27. You can move left or right at the same time. In addition, when moving a large amount, an external force is applied or a screw is attached to move it from side to side, but the important purpose of applying rotation is to equalize the internal wear of the conveying tube 1 and to slow down the wear and tear of the tube. As shown in Figure 5, the structure of the anchor is the same as that of the variable float mentioned above, but it is made of concrete type 2.
2 gives weight and has an anchor element, but since it is set to be smaller than the buoyancy of the internal space, air flows in and gives buoyancy to move it. This anchor can also be used alone to stabilize the transport line. As shown in FIG. 6, the conveying pipe 1 is supported on rotating rollers 26 attached to the float 2 and variable float 3, etc., and is easily rotated by the drive chain described above, but has a structure that can also be rotated by other power sources. It is. Alternatively, the effect is the same even if a rotating body is attached to the conveying pipe.

Next, as a method for reducing the fluid velocity within the pipe, energy is supplied in the direction of movement. As shown in Figure 7,
High pressure water 14 may be added from the bypass pipe 15, or high pressure water may be applied from around the pipe. In addition, the transport pipe is made slightly downwardly sloped, vibration is applied by the electromagnetic vibrator 13 to prevent clogging in the pipe, and energy is added in the direction of travel to facilitate long-distance transport.

The earth and sand transported by the above-described configuration and operation are separated through a rotary sieve 16c for separating earth and sand provided outside the dam, as shown in FIG. A water wheel plate 17 is installed inside this sieve, and at the same time it is turned by the energy of the sediment flow.
The sand is classified into fine, medium, coarse, etc. and falls into the sand pool 21 below. In addition, a device for preventing clogging of the sieve is shown in the upper part of the figure.As an example, the rotational force of the sieve is used to apply shock vibration to the sieve body 16 using a cam m ellipse 18 on the circumference, a spring 20, and a mallet 19 to prevent clogging. This is a labor-saving sorting method and device that does not require external power.

1-. Effects of the Invention The power source of this dredging method mainly uses potential energy and atmospheric pressure, and even if other power sources are used as necessary, the running cost is very low. This configuration can dredge, transport, and sort large grains of earth and sand, and since the pipe diameter can be set arbitrarily, large-scale dredging is easier compared to other methods, and large volumes can be transported from remote areas if there is a head. Transport is possible. In addition, since the structure is basically simple, there are fewer breakdowns, maintenance and management costs are low, and it is easy to operate, making it a very useful dredging method and equipment that can meet the current demands regarding sediment deposits. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a conceptual side view of the embodiment, Figure 2 is a bottom view of the nozzle,
Figure 3 shows the state when the water flow is stopped, Figure 4 shows the moving operation using a weight, Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-section of the weight, Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-section of the conveyor pipe held by a variable float, and Figure 7 shows the outside inside the conveyor pipe. A side view showing the method of applying power, Figure 8. Conceptual diagram of the sieve section 1: Conveying pipe, 2: Float, 3: Variable float 3': Variable water flow float, 4: Flexible rotating section, 5: Air communication pipe, 6: Water inlet, 7: Drain hole, 8: Valve, 9: Drain pipe, 10: Vertical conveyance pipe, 11: Vertical conveyance pipe hole, 12
．． Nozzle, 13. Electromagnetic vibrator, 14: High pressure water, 15: Bypass pipe, 16 Two-turn sieve, 17: Water wheel brake, 18
:Cam, 19: Hammer, 20: Spring, 21: Sand reservoir, 22:
concrete, 23: stopper, 24: depth adjustment body,
25: Anchor, 26: Rotating roller, 27: Weighted float, 28: Driving chino, 29: Chain holder, 30: Float, 31: Air vent, 32: Earth and sand suction pipe, 33: Earth and sand, 34: Water surface, 35. Sediment suction pipe holes, Figure 2, Figure 4/Figure 7

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) A pipe that sucks in and transports sediment from the bottom using a water flow that utilizes a water pressure difference is held on the water surface or in the water using a float or a variable buoyancy float, and a hole is formed on the outside of the curved pipe with the suction port bent toward the bottom. Open it and hold it in a hollow box body, provide a pipe that constantly communicates the inside of the hollow box with the atmosphere, open a water inlet hole and a hole larger than the hole as a water discharge hole, connect it to a discharge pipe, and connect it to the discharge pipe. In a sediment transport pipe structure in which a hollow box body with an opening/closing device is used as a variable water flow float, the buoyancy is increased or decreased by adjusting the amount of water in the variable water flow float, and the curved pipe section is moved up and down above and below the water. A method of dredging earth and sand by stopping or flowing the flow in certain areas. (2) The method for dredging earth and sand according to claim 1, wherein high-pressure water is ejected into the conveying pipe from the outside in the conveying direction. (3) The earth and sand dredging device according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the conveying pipe has a downward slope and a magnetic vibrating body is provided on the pipe. (4) The earth and sand dredging device according to claims 1 and 2, in which a float or a variable buoyancy float is equipped with a rotating roller and a conveying pipe is placed thereon, or a rotating roller is attached to the conveying pipe side and supported by floats. (5) Dredging of earth and sand according to claim 1, in which a hole is made in the side surface of the suction pipe, a slidable nozzle is attached along the pipe, and the hole in the side surface is opened and closed by vertical movement of the nozzle body. Device. (6) The nozzle device according to claim 5, wherein the nozzle is radially opened toward the suction direction. (7) A water wheel plate is provided inside the cylindrical rotary sieve, and an impact vibration mechanism such as a cam mechanism, a spring, and a mallet that is linked to the rotation is attached to the sieve, and the sieve is provided at the outlet of the conveying pipe. Sediment dredging equipment.