JPH0424464B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to polyester fibers for open-end spinning, particularly when the rotation speed of the rotor is 60,000 RPM.
The present invention relates to a synthetic fiber for high-speed open-end spinning that is suitable for the above-mentioned high-speed open-end spinning. [Prior art] The basic mechanism of rotor-type open-end spinning is that the supplied sliver is divided into fibers by a combing roller, transported to the rotor chamber by air flow, and then continuously collected by the rotor and pulled out as twisted yarn. It consists of things. In response to this mechanism, oil agents for open-end spinning have been proposed that are primarily aimed at suppressing the generation of powdery scum due to fiber cutting during combing and preventing the fibers from wrapping around the combing roller. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-12838, a fatty acid ester that is liquid at room temperature suppresses the generation of powdery scum, and a fatty acid polyamide prevents fibers from getting wrapped around the combing roller. No. 56-3465 discloses an oil composition that suppresses the generation of powdery scum using a PO/EO block copolymer, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-37707 discloses an oil composition that uses a POE alkyl ether or a POE alkyl ester and a fatty acid ester. An oil composition has been proposed that suppresses the generation of powdery scum and prevents fibers from being wrapped around the combing roller by a potassium alkyl phosphate salt. By the way, recently, in order to improve productivity, high-speed open-end spinning machines with rotor rotation speeds that are significantly faster have been adopted. In other words, the rotor rotation speed has increased from 30,000 RPM to 60,000 to 80,000 RPM.
The RPM is as fast as 80,000 to 100,000 RPM or more. However, when polyester raw cotton treated with the above-mentioned open-end spinning oil is supplied to such a high-speed open-end spinning machine, as the amount of passing fiber increases, powdery scum inside the rotor increases and the rotor rotational speed increases. As the spinning speed increases, the spinning force increases significantly due to friction with the guide, or navel, used to pull out the yarn from the rotor, causing a phenomenon in which part of the surface of the fiber is abraded and plasticized. There was found. As a result, the number of yarn breakages increases, and the uniformity, level dyeing properties, and strength of the yarn are adversely affected. On the other hand, many polyester fibers spun at high speed with open-end spinning have poor spinning conditions in the process up to the open-end spinning machine, that is, in the blending, carding, and drawing processes. Fibers are desired. Here, the spinning condition refers to lap pricking due to poor convergence of the lap and sliver, decoiling,
This refers to card cylinder wrapping and drawing rotor wrapping due to the stickiness of oil and scum adhesion. In addition, it is important to prevent fibers from wrapping around the combing roller of a high-speed open-end spinning machine and to suppress the generation of powdery scum. i.e. 3 in the rotor
Powder-like scum containing short fibers of about 1.5 mm in size accumulates, yarn unevenness increases with the passage of operating time, and yarn breakage occurs frequently. It was necessary to stop the operation several times and clean the inside of the twisting chamber. In addition, with regard to raw cotton that does not have a large amount of powdered scum remaining, yarn breakage occurs frequently due to winding around the combing roller, requiring a lot of manpower to remove the winding fibers, and making it difficult to obtain a homogeneous yarn. Ta. Furthermore, among these, the yarn tension tended to be lower as the amount of powdery scum generated increased. As is clear from the above, at present, there is no plasticization phenomenon on the fiber surface in high-speed open-end spinning machines, and there is no winding around the combing rollers.
Polyester fibers with good spinning conditions from blended batting to drawing have not yet been realized. [Object of the Invention] The object of the present invention is to improve the problems peculiar to such high-speed open-end spinning and to provide a synthetic fiber suitable for high-speed open-end spinning that makes it possible to obtain high-quality spun yarn with high efficiency. It's about doing. [Structure of the Invention] As a result of intensive research aimed at achieving the above object, the present inventors have developed the desired fiber by strengthening the oil film on the fiber surface and lowering the coefficient of friction against metal under high speed and high tension conditions. I finally got it. That is, the present invention provides (a) a fatty acid ester of a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol;
(b ) 5 to 25% by weight of dimethylpolysiloxane with a viscosity of 10,000 centistokes or more at 25°C
(c) 5 to 30% by weight of a cationic surfactant; and (d) the remainder is an emulsifier. Furthermore, the present invention will be described. When the yarn is drawn out from the rotor, the spinning force increases due to friction with the navel, and the temperature of the contact area also increases. As the rotational speed of the rotor increases, this temperature and tension increase, and the tension and temperature combine, and finally a part of the fiber surface undergoes a plasticization phenomenon due to abrasion, and reaches a melted state. At this time, the oil agent on the fiber surface melts and takes away the latent heat of fusion, thereby preventing the rise in temperature of the fiber surface and preventing the plasticization phenomenon. If the melting point is too high, the temperature of the fiber surface will not drop, so the melting point is preferably 150°C or lower. Of course, it is also important that the friction between metal and metal at high speed is small. Oil components that exhibit this effect include fatty acid esters of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols having a melting point of 30 to 150°C, vegetable, animal or mineral oil waxes, and polyethylene waxes. Examples of fatty acid esters of monohydric and polyhydric alcohols include stearyl stearate, distearyl phthalate, distearyl adipate, and sorbitan behenate.
Examples of vegetable-based, animal-based, or mineral oil-based waxes include carnauba wax, wood wax, beeswax, Seratu wax, paraffin wax, and montan wax. Examples of the polyethylene wax include polyethylene wax obtained by the ethylene Ziegler method. If you use a large amount of these high melting point waxes,
Although damage to the fiber surface in the rotor is reduced, the passability of the pre-spinning is poor, and in particular, cylinder winding in the card tends to increase, which is not preferable. As a result of studying to improve this drawback, we surprisingly found that by mixing a small amount of high-viscosity silicone, it was possible to simultaneously reduce damage to the fiber surface in the rotor and cylinder wrapping in the card. Something was discovered. The silicone referred to herein refers to dimethylpolysiloxane, and the higher the viscosity at 25°C, the greater the effect with a small amount, and the silicone is preferably 10,000 centistokes or more. It has generally been difficult to obtain an emulsion in which silicone is uniformly mixed with other ingredients;
It has also been found that it is possible to obtain a uniform emulsion by using recently developed emulsion polymerization type silicones (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7214/1983). The proportion of silicone is 5% by weight or more, 25% by weight
If it is less than 5% by weight, it is preferable that there will be a lot of wrapping around the card, and if it exceeds 25% by weight, it will be too expensive and uneconomical, and static electricity will easily occur. Silicone also has the effect of improving smoothness at high speeds, so the proportion of waxes needs to be less than when silicone is not included, and is 35% by weight or more.
It is preferably 60% by weight or less. If it is less than 35% by weight, it will not be possible to obtain sufficient high-speed smoothness and it will not be possible to prevent damage to the fiber surface during the open-end process, and if it exceeds 60% by weight, the amount of emulsifier and antistatic agent will be affected when used as an emulsion. are not sufficiently balanced.
Therefore, a stable emulsion cannot be obtained and sedimentation occurs, or if the emulsion is stabilized by increasing the amount of emulsifier, the amount of antistatic agent becomes insufficient and problems such as generation of static electricity occur, which is not preferable. When silicone and waxes are used in such proportions, using a cationic activator of 5% by weight or more to 30% by weight can prevent damage to the fiber surface during the open-end process and prevent winding during the carding process. It is possible to obtain polyester fibers that do not generate static electricity during the entire process without causing any damage.
If this amount is less than 5% by weight, static electricity will increase, and if it exceeds 30% by weight, high-speed smoothness will be poor and fiber damage will increase during the open-end process, which is undesirable. Examples of cationic activators include higher alkylamine salts and ethylene oxide adducts, imidazolyl type cationic activators, sapamin A type cationic activators, Arcobel A type cationic activators, alkyltrimethylammonium salt type cationic activators,
Examples include sapamin type quaternary ammonium salt type cationic activators, but preferred are quaternary ammonium salt type cationic activators which have a great effect on the antistatic properties of polyester fibers. The above-mentioned components are usually preferably used as an aqueous emulsion by incorporating an emulsifier, but various additives such as rust preventives, antioxidants, preservatives, and emulsion stabilizers can also be added. As the emulsifier, it is desirable to mainly use a nonionic activator. Nonionic activators include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl phenol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, ethylene oxide adduct of castor oil,
Examples include fatty acid monoesters of glycerin, fatty acid monoesters of sorbitan, and ethylene oxide adducts thereof. It is preferable for the nonionic surfactant to have a high melting point, but its effect is
Not as much as fatty acid esters and waxes. When these compounded oils are processed by the dipping method normally used for aqueous emulsions, it is appropriate to use them as an emulsion with a concentration of 0.5 to 5% by weight; It can also be treated by a method and is not particularly limited by the treatment method. Furthermore, the oil agent of the present invention can be applied to synthetic fibers at any position in the synthetic fiber manufacturing process.
It is also possible to apply a lubricant by a dipping method, then subject the treated fibers to a dry heat treatment, and then re-oil the fibers by a spray method. The amount of adhesion of the present invention oil to synthetic fibers is 0.08
(wt)% to 0.30 (wt)%. If the amount of adhesion is lower than 0.08% (by weight), sufficient smoothness cannot be obtained, more powdery scum is generated in the open-end spinning process, and the fiber surface becomes more plasticized. Furthermore, the antistatic ability is insufficient, and troubles due to static electricity occur in the pre-spinning process, which is undesirable. On the other hand, the larger the amount of adhesion, the less the generation of powdery scum can be suppressed, and normally 0.25% by weight is sufficient, but if it exceeds 0.3% by weight, the amount of scum that is attached to the combing roller will increase, and the carding in the pre-spinning process will increase. This is not necessary any more since sinking into the cylinder, web disturbance, and roller wrapping during the drawing process will also be significantly increased. In the present invention, polyester mainly refers to polyethylene terephthalate. As for spun yarn, the desired goal can be achieved not only by using 100% polyester, but also by blending it with cotton and rayon. [Operations and Effects of the Invention] As described above, polyester fibers for spinning treated with a fatty acid ester or wax having a high melting point and an oil containing a specific silicone are opened using a combing roller, drafted, and sent to a twisting chamber. When applied to a drum-rotating open-end spinning machine, even when the rotor rotates at high speed, the plasticization phenomenon on the fiber surface does not occur, the generation of powder scum and the winding around the combing roller are small, and it can be used for a long time. Continuous operation is possible, and the spun yarn is more uniform than that of general ring-spun yarn, making it possible to fully utilize the characteristics of the open-end spinning machine. Therefore, according to the present invention, a polyester fiber is produced which does not undergo plasticization on the fiber surface in an open-end spinning machine at high speed, does not wind up on a combing roller, and has a good spinning condition in the pre-spinning. provided. [Examples] Next, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples, but of course the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Example 1 A drawn polyester fiber (single yarn denier 1.2 denier) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.65 measured with an orthochlorophenol solution was dried and heat-treated in a tow state using a hot roller heated to 200°C, and then subjected to the following process. Immerse in an aqueous solution of each oil shown in the table,
It was squeezed so that the amount of oil adhesion was 0.14% by weight, then crimped and hot air dried at 110°C for 30 minutes. The raw cotton for spinning obtained by cutting this tow to a length of 35 mm is opened in the usual manner, and the carded sliver is passed through a drawing machine twice.
A 300-gel/6-yard sliver was prepared and passed through a high-speed open-end machine, and the results shown in the table below were obtained. Here, the high-speed open-end spinning machine uses an automatic roller manufactured by Schurafaust, with a combing roller rotation speed of 8,000 RPM, a rotor diameter of 40 mm,
A 16th English yarn with a twist coefficient of 4.0 was spun using one machine (192 spindles) for 5 hours at a rotor rotation speed of 90,000 RPM. When yarn breakage occurred during this time, the yarn was spliced immediately, and the total number of yarn breakages per unit per hour was calculated as the number of yarn breakages (pieces/unit, Hr).
On the other hand, the generation of powdery scum was determined by visually determining the amount of scum in the rotor by selecting 20 arbitrary spindles after 5 hours of spinning. Furthermore, the number of threads that were caused by thread breakage due to winding of the combing roller was converted to 1 machine x 1 hour, and was defined as the number of CR windings (pieces/machine x hr). In addition, yarn strength is determined by the average value of 20 arbitrary waters.
The plasticization phenomenon on the fiber surface was determined by the following method.
The spun yarn is made into a cylindrical knitted end with a diameter of 10 cm, and samples of each level are woven in 10 cm increments in the vertical direction. Next, the knitted fabric was treated with 1% owf of disperse dye (Eastman Polyester Blue GLF).
Perform staining at 100°C for 60 minutes. Thereafter, the surface of the stockinette knit is observed using an optical microscope at a magnification of 10 to 30 times, and the plasticized and darkly dyed areas are counted, and the number of darkly colored areas per 1 m of yarn length is determined. Pre-spinning performance was expressed by the amount of static electricity generated on the card and the degree of winding around the cylinder. (Temperature and humidity: 25
℃ × 60% RH) 12 oz/yd of lap was fed to the flat guard, and a sliver of 400 g/yd was obtained under the conditions of take-in 350 RPM, cylinder 250 RPM, depth 15 RPM, cylinder to top gauge 15/1000 inch. The amount of static electricity generated is 10% from the web of the paper part.
Measurements were made using a Kasuga electrostatic meter at a distance of cm.

[Table] The wax in Table 1 is 125〓 paraffin wax (melting point 52℃), and the silicone is 100,000 centistroke dimethylpolysiloxane (emulsion polymerization type containing 5% by weight of ether nonion), cationic is alkyldimethylethylammonium ethosulfate (alkyl group has 18 carbon atoms)
Nonions are mono-dipalmitate and mono-distearate of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 1000-2000), polyoxyethylene addition (additional mole number 5-40) nonyl phenol ether polyoxyethylene addition hydrogenated castor oil Ether (additional mole number 6 to 12) was used. As a result, Comparative Example A, which contains less wax, has poor high-speed smoothness, resulting in more damage to the fibers, and more scum inside the rotor, which causes more yarn breakage. Comparative Example E, which contained a large amount of waxes, had a small amount of nonions, and a stable emulsion could not be obtained, so the evaluation was discontinued. Comparative example F, which has a small amount of silicone, has a lot of card wrapping.
There were also many thread breaks. Comparative example H with a large amount of silicone
The anti-static property was insufficient, the card caused cylinder wrapping due to static electricity, and the combing roller caused many wrappings and thread breakages. Comparative example I with a small amount of cations
The card generated a large amount of static electricity, making it impossible to collect the sliver. On the contrary, in Comparative Example J, which has a large amount of cations, the high-speed smoothness of the cations is poor, so there is a lot of damage to the fibers, a lot of scum inside the rotor, and a lot of yarn breakage. Wax: 35-60% by weight, silicone: 5-25%
Examples B, C, D, and G, in which the cationic activator was 5 to 30% by weight, and the balance was a nonionic activator, had the following properties:
Good results were obtained. Example 2 A comparison was made under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that in No. C of Example 1, a neutral oil with a different type and melting point was used instead of 125〓 paraffin wax of wax type. . As shown in Table 2, good results were obtained with waxes and fatty acid esters with high melting points.

[Table] Example 3 In No. C of Example 1, a comparison was made under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the viscosity of the silicone was changed. As shown in Table 3, the higher the viscosity of dimethylpolysiloxane, the better the results were obtained.

【table】

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 (a) Fatty acid ester of monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, vegetable or animal or mineral oil wax,
and polyethylene wax in an amount of 35 to 60% by weight of one or more neutral oils having a melting point of 30 to 150°C; 5 to 25% by weight of dimethylpolysiloxane
(c) 5 to 30% by weight of a cationic surfactant, and (d) an oil agent for the remainder consisting of an emulsifier.