JPH0418767Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] A. Purpose of the invention (1) Industrial application field The present invention is a system in which a plurality of types of tools are arranged around a machining unit so as to enable selective connection with the machining unit. Regarding machine tools.

(2) Conventional technology Conventionally, such machine tools have been developed using, for example, the
It is known from Publication No. 33992.

(3) Problems to be solved by the invention By the way, in the conventional method described above, the machining unit can only move in the horizontal X-axis direction, which is the axial direction of its spindle, and cannot move in the horizontal
The workpiece is moved in the axial and vertical Y-axis directions to cover the machining range of the workpiece. However, although such machine tools can handle small-scale production of a small number of types or small-scale production with a small number of processes,
For example, in order to handle a variety of mass-produced workpieces such as motorcycle engines, it is necessary to prepare multiple machine tools. Moreover, since it is necessary to move the workpiece side in the Z-axis and Y-axis directions, it is difficult to incorporate the machine tool into the transfer line, and special equipment must be prepared for transporting the workpiece by the machine tool.

In addition, in the conventional device described above, tools are exchanged by rotating a truncated conical drum that has multiple holding holes spaced apart in the circumferential direction for holding multiple tools, and the axis of the drum Since the drum is inclined, the structure for rotationally driving the drum becomes complicated.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a machine tool that expands the processing range of a workpiece, has a simple structure for moving the tool, and has a simple tool grip structure. purpose.

B. Structure of the invention (1) Means for solving the problem The machine tool according to the invention includes a slide table that is movable in the horizontal Z-axis direction on a fixed base; and a guide installed on the slide table. a lifting table movable in the vertical Y-axis direction along the bar;
A processing unit arranged on an elevating table and capable of moving back and forth between an original position and a processing position along a horizontal X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis and Y-axis; A magazine plate is arranged; a guide rail is provided on the magazine plate in an annular shape with the machining unit in the original position as its center; A plurality of gripping mechanisms in which a gripping member is swingably supported and both gripping members are spring-biased in the direction of gripping the tool; a portion of the processing unit that corresponds to the spindle is fixed to the magazine plate, and is in a gripping state. and a cylinder capable of pressing both gripping members in a direction to release the gripping members.

(2) Effect According to the above configuration, the processing unit
It can move in both the axis and Z-axis directions, expanding the workpiece machining range, and since each gripping mechanism moves around the vertical axis, the structure for driving it can also be simplified. . In addition, each gripping mechanism has both gripping members supported by a support plate so as to maintain the gripping state using a spring, so the structure is simple, and each gripping mechanism can be driven to open with a single cylinder.

(3) Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. First, in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, this machine tool is used to machine a workpiece W, for example, the engine of a motorcycle. With the workpiece W being fixed at a predetermined position by one tool selected according to the type and shape of the workpiece W transported by the transporting means 1, the workpiece is transferred from a plurality of types, for example, eight types of tools T1 to T8. W can be processed.

The machine tool has a slide table 3 that is movable in the horizontal Z-axis direction on a fixed base 2, and is movable in the vertical Y-axis direction along four guide bars 4 erected on the slide table 3. Elevating table 5
and a machining unit 6 which is arranged on the lifting table 5 and is integrated with the lifting table 5 so as to be movable in the original position HP and the processing position WP along the horizontal X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis and the Y-axis. A magazine plate 7 horizontally arranged, an annular guide rail 8 fixed to the magazine plate 7, and tools T1 to T8 that can be individually attached and detached and run along the guide rail 8. A plurality of, for example, eight gripping mechanisms 9, 9, . . . are provided.

A conveyance means 1 extending along the Z-axis direction is installed on one side of the base 2 along the X-axis direction, and the workpieces W placed on pallets 11 are sequentially conveyed by the conveyance means 1. Moreover, a pallet 11 is placed in a portion corresponding to the processing unit 6 in the middle of the conveyance means 1.
A fixing means (not shown) for temporarily fixing the workpiece W is provided.

On the base 2, a pair of rails 13, 13 extending along the Z-axis direction are fixed in parallel with an interval between them, and the slide table 3 is guided by these rails 13, 13. It is movable in the Z-axis direction.

A screw shaft 14 extending in the Z-axis direction is passed through and screwed into the slide table 3 between both rails 13, 13.
One end of 4 is rotatably supported by a support portion 21 provided on the base 2. The other end of the screw shaft 14 is rotatably supported within a gear box 15 provided on the base 2. Furthermore, a Z-axis motor 16 and a gearbox 17 that incorporates a gear mechanism connected to the Z-axis motor 16 are disposed on the side of the base 2. , the connected gear mechanism and the gear mechanism in the other gearbox 17 are connected via a transmission shaft 18. Therefore, the screw shaft 14 is rotationally driven by the operation of the Z-axis motor 16, and the slide table 3 is driven in the Z-axis direction.

Four guide bars 4 extending vertically are erected on the slide table 3, and the elevating table 5 is guided by these four guide bars 4 so as to be movable up and down. A pair of mutually parallel rails 20, 20 extending in the X-axis direction are fixedly installed on the lifting table 5, and these rails 20, 20 allow a processing position for processing a workpiece W fixed on the transport means 1.
The machining unit 6 is guided in the X-axis direction between WP and the home position HP that has been evacuated from the machining position WP.

An X-axis motor 22 having a rotation axis extending in the X-axis direction is attached to the side of the lifting table 5 opposite to the conveying means 1. Moreover, the X-axis motor 22
One end is connected to the lifting table 5, and the other end is connected to the lifting table 5.
The screw shaft 23 supported by the machining unit 6 is parallel to the X axis between both rails 20
The processing unit 6 is driven in the X-axis direction by the operation of the X-axis motor 22.

The processing unit 6 includes a unit main body 24 that is fitted to both rails 20, 20 and to which the screw shaft 23 is screwed, and a spindle drive motor 25 having a rotation axis along the X-axis direction, and a spindle drive motor 25 having a rotation axis along the X-axis direction. A gearbox 27 is attached, which incorporates a gear mechanism connected to the gear mechanism 25 and has a protruding spindle 26 connected to the gear mechanism.
It protrudes from the top of 7 toward the processing position WP along the X-axis direction.

The lower ends of four cylindrical guide posts 28 that pass through each guide bar 4 are fixed to the lifting table 5.
The upper end is fixed to a magazine plate 7 arranged horizontally above the processing unit 6, and each guide bar 4 also passes through the magazine plate 7. Therefore, the lifting table 5 and the magazine plate 7
are integrally connected via four guide posts 28, and move up and down as one.

Referring also to FIG. 4, magazine plate 7
is formed into a disk shape with an opening 30 in the center thereof, and on the upper surface of the outer periphery of this magazine plate 7 is a circular guide rail approximately centered on the machining unit 6 located at the original position HP. 8 is fixed by a plurality of bolts 31 with its outer surface flush with the outer surface of the magazine plate 7. Moreover, the diameters of the outer peripheral surfaces of the magazine plate 7 and the guide rail 8 are set so that the outer surfaces of the magazine plate 7 and the guide rail 8 are located at a position further outward than the tip of the spindle 26 when the processing unit 6 is in the original position HP. be done.

In FIG. 5, on the magazine plate 7,
A ring gear 32 having internal teeth 32a is slidably mounted with its outer surface in sliding contact with the inner surface of the guide rail 8. Furthermore, an index motor 33 having a vertical axis is mounted on the magazine plate 7.
A pinion gear 35 is fixed to the output shaft of the index motor 33 through a bracket 34, and a pinion gear 35 is meshed with the internal teeth 32a of the ring gear 32. Therefore, the index motor 33
By operating the ring gear 32, the ring gear 32 can be angularly displaced by a desired angle.

The upper ends of each guide bar 4 are connected by a horizontal connecting plate 36, and a Y-axis motor 37 having a vertical axis is fixed and supported on the lower surface of this connecting plate 36. Further, at a position offset from the Y-axis motor 37, the upper end of a ball screw 38 extending vertically is rotatably supported by a connecting plate 36, and the lower end of this ball screw 38 is screwed into the magazine plate 7. Moreover, the Y-axis motor 37 and the ball screw 38
The upper ends are connected via an endless chain 40 built into a chain box 39 disposed above the connecting plate 36, and a telescopic chain surrounding the ball screw 38 is provided between the connecting plate 36 and the magazine plate 7. A type cover 41 is provided. Therefore, by operating the Y-axis motor 37,
The magazine plate 7 and the elevating table 5 integrated therewith move in the Y-axis direction, that is, in the vertical direction.

Each of the gripping mechanisms 9, 9, . , 45, and a spring 46 stretched between both gripping members 44, 45.

The support plate 43 has a substantially L-shaped longitudinal section so as to be in sliding contact with the outer surfaces of the magazine plate 7 and the guide rail 8, as well as the upper surface of the guide rail 8, and is connected to the ring gear 32 by a pin 47. That is, on the upper surface of the ring gear 32, a plurality of fitting holes 38 into which the pins 47 are to be fitted are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction.
A press-fit hole 49 into which the pin 47 is press-fitted is bored in the hole 49 . Therefore, by providing a large number of fitting holes 48 in the ring gear 32, it is possible to connect the support plate 43 to the ring gear 32 at any position. Any number can be selected within the number.

The gripping members 44 and 45 are approximately C facing each other.
Each gripping member 44, 45 has a supporting shaft 51, 45 at a mutually spaced upper part thereof.
52 to be slidably supported on the support plate 43.
By the way, each tool T1, T2...T8 is attached to the holder 5.
3, and this holder 53
Gripping claws 44a and 45a are provided at the bottom of each of the gripping members 44 and 45 for fitting into an annular groove 54 provided on the outer surface of the gripping members 44 and 45 to grip the holder 53 from both sides on the same axis as the spindle 26. Also spring 46
is at a position below the support shafts 51 and 52, and both gripping members 4
4 and 45, and by the spring force of this spring 46, both gripping members 44 and 45 grip the holder 53 from both sides in the direction in which their lower gripping claws 44a and 45a approach each other. biased in the direction.

Pressing portions 44b and 45b that overlap each other are provided at the upper portions of the gripping members 44 and 45, respectively, and by pressing these pressing portions 44b and 45b downward, both gripping members 44 and 45 release the spring 4.
The gripping claws 44a and 45a are urged in the direction of separating from each other, that is, in the direction of releasing the gripping state of the holder 53, against the spring force of 6.

A bracket 55 is provided on the magazine plate 7 at a portion corresponding to the spindle 26 of the processing unit 6 and extends outward from the support plate 43 in the gripping mechanism 9.
is fixedly installed, and a cylinder 56 having a vertical axis is attached to the tip of this bracket 55. The cylinder 56 is for releasing the gripping state of the gripping mechanism 9, and its piston rod 57 presses the pressing parts 44b, 4 of the gripping members 44, 45.
4b are attached to the bracket 55 at a position where they can be pressed together downward. That is, the cylinder 57 presses the pressing parts 44b and 45b downward,
As a result, both the gripping members 44 and 45 of the gripping mechanism 9 rotate in a direction to release the gripping state of the holder 53.

Next, to explain the operation of this embodiment, the type, shape and processing form of the workpiece W transported by the transporting means 1 are detected before the workpiece W is fixed by the fixing means, and based on that information. One of the tools T1 to T8 is selected and mounted on the spindle 26 of the processing unit 6. That is, with the machining unit 6 in the original position HP, the index motor 33 is operated to drive the ring gear 32 for angular displacement, and a selected one of the tools T1 to T8 is operated.
The gripping mechanism 9 holding the two is rotated to a position corresponding to the spindle 26. Next, the X-axis motor 2
2, the machining unit 6 is slightly advanced from its original position HP toward the machining position WP. As a result, the spindle 26 is fitted into the holder 53, and the fastening mechanism built in the holder 53 causes the holder 53 to
is connected to the spindle 26.

Next, by extending the cylinder 56, the pressing portions 44b, 45b of the gripping mechanism 9 are pressed downward, and the gripping state of the holder 53 by the gripping mechanism 9 is released. At this time, both gripping members 44 and 45 of the gripping mechanism 9 not only release the gripping state of the holder 53, but also rotate upward to a position where they do not hinder the progress of the processing unit 6 to the processing position WP. It will be done.

Therefore, the X-axis motor 22 is further activated to advance the machining unit 6 to the machining position WP, and the spindle drive motor 25 is activated.
Start processing the workpiece W. At this time, the machining unit 6 is placed on the lifting table 5 that is movable in the Y-axis direction, and the lifting table 5 is on the slide table 3 that is movable in the Z-axis direction.
is movable in any of the X-axis, Y-axis, and X-axis directions, and can effectively process a fixed workpiece W over a wide range. Therefore, a special device for moving the workpiece W to the transport means 1 side is not required, and the structure of the transport means 1 is simplified.

When removing the holder 53 from the machining unit 6, the machining unit 6 moves from the machining position WP to the original position P.
When the annular groove 54 of the holder 53 comes to a position corresponding to the gripping mechanism 9 in the open state on the way back to the
The backward movement of the processing unit 6 is temporarily stopped, and the cylinder 56 is caused to contract. As a result, both the gripping members 44 and 45 of the gripping mechanism 9 are rotated by the spring 46 in a direction in which the gripping claws 44a and 45a approach each other, and the gripping claws 44a and 45a fit into the annular groove 54 and hold the holder 53 therein. Grasp from both sides.
Then, when the backward movement of the processing unit 6 is resumed,
The fastened state between the holder 53 and the spindle 26 is released.

In this way, any one of the tools T1 to T8 can be selected and mounted on the machining unit 6, and changes in the type, shape, and machining form of the workpiece W can be accommodated. Moreover, each gripping mechanism 9
is connected to the ring gear 32 by a pin 47, and by selecting the positions of the many fitting holes 48 provided in the ring gear 32, the number of gripping mechanisms 9 to be used can be increased or decreased. It is also easy to remove. Further, other gripping mechanisms 9 other than the gripping mechanism 9 located at a position corresponding to the processing unit 6
The attachment/detachment and replacement operations can be easily performed during machining, and there is no need to stop the machining operation, so machining time can be shortened.

Furthermore, each gripping mechanism 9 has a simple structure in which a spring 46 is stretched between two gripping members 44 and 45 supported by a support plate 43, and a cylinder 56 located at a position corresponding to the spindle 26 is attached. Due to the telescopic operation, any gripping mechanism 9 is reliably opened and closed.

Further, the guide rail 8 is fixed to the horizontal magazine plate 7, and each gripping mechanism 9 moves around the vertical axis along the guide rail 8, so the structure for moving each gripping mechanism 9 is as follows. A simple system in which a ring gear 32 is slidably mounted on the magazine plate 7 and is driven by an index motor 33 is sufficient.

C. Effect of the invention As described above, the machine tool according to the invention has a slide table movable in the horizontal Z-axis direction on a fixed base; an axially movable lifting table; a horizontal X orthogonal to the Z and Y axes;
A processing unit that is movable back and forth between the original position and the processing position along the axial direction and is disposed on the lifting table; A magazine plate that is integrally connected to the lifting table and is disposed horizontally; A guide rail provided on the magazine plate in an annular shape approximately centered on a certain processing unit;
a plurality of gripping mechanisms in which a pair of gripping members capable of gripping a tool are swingably supported on a support plate movable along a guide rail, and both gripping members are biased by a spring in a direction to grip the tool; a cylinder that is fixed to the magazine plate at a portion corresponding to the spindle of the processing unit and capable of pressing both gripping members in the direction to release the gripping state; The workpiece can also be moved in the direction of , which expands the range of workpieces that can be processed, and eliminates the need for a device to move the workpiece. Moreover, each gripping mechanism has a simple structure,
A single cylinder may be fixed to the magazine plate for opening operation. Furthermore, since each gripping mechanism moves around the vertical axis, the structure for driving the gripping mechanism is also simple.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an overall front view, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line -- in FIG. 1, FIG. The figure is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the part indicated by the arrow in Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is the
FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the arrow in the figure. 2... Base, 3... Slide table, 5...
Elevating table, 6... Processing unit, 7... Magazine plate, 8... Guide rail, 9... Gripping mechanism, 26... Spindle, 43... Support plate, 4
4, 45...Gripping member, 56...Cylinder, HP
...Original position, T1 to T8...Tool, W...Workpiece, WP...Machining position.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] In a machine tool in which a plurality of types of tools are arranged around a processing unit so as to enable selective connection with the processing unit, a slide table movable in a horizontal Z-axis direction on a fixed base; an elevator table movable in the vertical Y-axis direction along a guide bar erected on the slide table;
A machining unit that is movable back and forth between the original position and the processing position along the horizontal A magazine plate is provided; a guide rail is provided on the magazine plate in an annular shape approximately centered on the machining unit in the original position; and a pair of grips capable of gripping a tool on a support plate that can run along the guide rail. a plurality of gripping mechanisms in which the member is swingably supported and both gripping members are spring-biased in the direction of gripping the tool; fixed to the magazine plate at a portion corresponding to the spindle of the processing unit;
A machine tool comprising: a cylinder capable of pressing both gripping members in a direction to release the gripping state.