JPH04173465A - Tandem wing type ground effect wing boat - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase the power of a ground effect wing boat by forming such structure that backwash from propulsion machines fitted onto front main wings is blown into a space surrounded by the lower faces of both main wings serving as ground effect wings, the ground surface and end plates. CONSTITUTION:This ground effect wing boat is also provided with a body 1 with the lower part thereof formed into a ship bottom shape, and front main wings 2 and rear main wings 3 fitted to both boards of the body 1. A right and a left end plates 4 are further fitted to the right and left wing ends of the respective main wings. A vertical tail 5 for providing the boat with turning force is fitted to the rear end part of the body 1, and a horizontal tail 6 is further fitted thereto. The right and left end plates are extended to the right and left wing end parts of the horizontal tail 6. A pair of propulsion machines for providing the boat with driving force are symmetrically provided at the upper face parts of the front main wings 2 in such a way as to lead back wash to the lower face of the rear main wings 3. An elevator 7 is further fitted to the rear end part of the horizontal tail 6 in such a way that its pitch can be controlled by a hydraulic system or a wire.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a tandem wing type ground effect boat, and in particular, to keep the boat's take-off speed as low as possible while maintaining the stability of the boat against pitching. This article relates to a tandem wing type ground effect wing boat that enables

[Conventional technology]

There are conventional tandem wing type ground effect wing boats as shown in Fig. 7 (side view) and Fig. 8 (plan view), in which front main wings 2 and rear main wings 3 are attached to the left and right sides of a fuselage 1.
End plate (skirt) between the wing tips of the front main wing 2 and the rear main wing 3
4 is attached to the fuselage 1, and furthermore, a propulsion device 8 consisting of an engine and a propeller and a vertical tail 5 are attached to the fuselage 1. Reference numeral 11 in the figure indicates a cockpit.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

By the way, in the conventional tandem wing type ground effect boat as mentioned above, the front main wing and the rear main wing have large front and rear wing areas, making it easier to balance against pitching and making stable cruising possible. Since it is configured to balance only the front and rear main wings, it is possible to ensure stability in areas where the ground effect can be maximized by cruising close to the water surface (or the ground). However, when there are large wave heights, it is difficult to take off and navigate, so there is a problem that the usable water area is extremely limited.

Furthermore, because it is stable, it is not possible to increase the pitch angle to increase lift, so it can only take off at high speed.
For this reason, there is also the problem that the distance to takeoff from the water is very long.

The present invention is an attempt to solve these problems, and has made it possible to suppress the speed at which water can be taken off as much as possible by increasing the lift force during takeoff while maintaining stability against pitching. Aims to provide a tandem vacuum ground effect membrane.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the tandem wing ground effect membrane of the present invention comprises a fuselage, a front main wing and a rear main wing attached to the fuselage, a vertical stabilizer, and a tandem vacuum ground effect membrane. The left and right end plates are respectively attached between the left and right wing tips of the main wing and the rear main wing, and a propulsion unit is provided, and a horizontal stabilizer equipped with an elevator is attached to the propulsion unit or the front main wing, and a horizontal stabilizer is attached to the rear main wing. It is characterized by being mounted above the rear of the vehicle in a position that is not affected by ground effects.

[For production]

In the tandem vacuum ground effect membrane of the present invention described above, the wake from the propulsion machine mounted on the front main wing is surrounded by the lower surface of both main wings as ground effect membranes, the ground (or water surface), and the end plate. The power is increased by being blown into the space.

In addition, the horizontal stabilizer, which is mounted above the rear of the rear main wing in a position that is not affected by the ground effect, acts to ensure the stability of the ground effect membrane, and by operating the elevator using hydraulic pressure or wires, Moment balance adjustment is performed.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, a tandem vacuum ground effect membrane as an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view thereof, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 3 is a front view thereof, and FIG. A schematic diagram showing the correlation between the propulsion machine and the PAR effect wing, Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the ground effect true elevation angle (α) and the lift coefficient (CL), and Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the ground effect true elevation angle (α) and the lift coefficient (CL). It is also a graph showing the relationship between the height (h) from the ground surface and the lift coefficient (CL).

In addition, in FIGS. 1 to 4, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 7.8 indicate substantially the same members.

The ground effect membrane of this embodiment also has a body 1 whose lower part is formed in the shape of a ship's bottom and constitutes a floating body commensurate with the weight of the boat.
It has a front main wing 2 and a rear main wing 3 attached to both sides of a fuselage 1, and left and right end plates 4 are attached between the left and right wing tips of both main wings, respectively. Further, a vertical stabilizer 5 for giving turning force to the boat is attached to the rear end of the fuselage 1, and a horizontal stabilizer 6 is further attached. And the left and right end plates (
A skirt) 4 extends to the left and right wing tips of the horizontal stabilizer 6.

A pair of propulsion units 8 for providing propulsion to the boat are arranged symmetrically on the upper surface of the front main wing 2 so as to be able to introduce a wake into the lower surface of the rear main wing 3. An elevator 7 is attached to the section so that the pitch can be controlled by a hydraulic system or a wire (neither is shown). Reference numeral 73 indicates the hinge portion.

With the above-mentioned configuration, when the front main wing 2 and the rear main wing 3 are close to the water surface and are gliding at low altitude, they are placed above the front main wing 2 and the wake of the propulsion machine 8 is directed as shown by hatching in FIGS. 1 and 3. Then, the high-speed airflow is blown into the space surrounded by the rear main wing 3, end plate 4, and water surface, and when the high-speed airflow stagnates, it acts as dynamic pressure, generating an extremely high lift force (PAR effect) on the rear main wing 3. . This allows for low-speed takeoff and gliding.

As described above, high lift can be obtained by disposing the propulsion machine on the front main wing 2 using a tandem vacuum ground effect membrane, but there are problems in pitch angle stability and pitch angle control.

In other words, it is the elevation angle characteristics of the wing that have the greatest influence on pitch angle stability. That is, in FIGS. 4 and 5, the height h from the water surface 9 of the wing reference point 1G and the wing Between the elevation angle a, the jet velocity from the propulsion machine is V7, and the mainstream velocity is V. Then, h=constant, V, /
Vo = When the elevation angle α of the wing is changed under certain conditions, as shown in Figure 5, there is a correlation in which the lift coefficient CL tends to decrease with α when the height h is small. There is. Therefore, PAR with such characteristics
When the effect wing is adopted as the rear main wing 3, the airframe exhibits inherent instability, and if the height h is small, a vibration phenomenon will occur in the pitch angle.

Also, if we look at the change in the lift coefficient CL with respect to the height h, we can see that the PAR effect wing has a ground effect (WI), as shown in Figure 6.
G) The rate of change of the lift coefficient C5 with respect to height h is larger than that of the wing. Therefore, the moment balance of the boat is disrupted and the pitch angle changes between when the boat is very close to the water surface when taking off and landing, and when it is a certain distance from the water surface when cruising. In other words, in this embodiment, since the rear main wing 3 employs a PAR effect wing, there is an inconvenience that a head-down moment occurs during takeoff and landing.

This inconvenience is solved in the tandem vacuum ground effect membrane of this embodiment by the following configuration.

That is, the horizontal stabilizer 6 is installed above the rear part of the rear main wing 3 and at a position where it is not affected by ground effects. This horizontal stabilizer 6 is not easily affected by the rear main wing 3 and the ground (or water surface), so it has the same wing characteristics as a normal wing, that is, the horizontal stabilizer 6
The wing characteristic is that the lift coefficient CL increases as the elevation angle σ increases.

In this way, by attaching the horizontal stabilizer 6, which is less susceptible to ground effects, to the rear of the fuselage 1, the stability of the ground effect wing can be increased, and the PAR effect wing, which exhibits unstable wing characteristics, can be replaced with the rear main wing 3. Even if it is used to increase lift, it is possible to maintain stability to a certain extent.

Furthermore, if a strong PAR effect is provided by the rear main wing 3, the wing area of the horizontal stabilizer 6 required to ensure the stability of the boat becomes extremely large. Therefore, by attaching the elevator 7 to the horizontal stabilizer 6 and automatically controlling the elevation angle of the elevator 7 from information such as the pinch angle, pitch rate speed, and altitude using a hydraulic system or wire, the blade area of the horizontal stabilizer 6 can be adjusted. can be kept within a reasonable range.

Furthermore, when taking off and landing on the water, by operating the elevator 7, it is possible to balance the moment and safely take off and land on the water while maintaining the boat in a horizontal state or in a state with several degrees of pitch raised. It is.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above in detail, by using the tandem wing of the present invention with a ground effect wing section, the following effects or advantages can be obtained.

(1) In a tandem vacuum ground effect membrane, the power of the ground effect wing section can be increased by blowing the wake of the propulsion machine mounted on the front main wing below the rear main wing.

(2) Attaching the horizontal stabilizer increases the stability of the ground effect wing, making it possible to ensure stability to a certain extent even when the rear main wing functions as a PAR effect wing and increases lift.

(3) Even when a strong PAR effect is applied to the rear main wing, stability can be ensured by controlling the elevator attached to the horizontal stabilizer.

(4) Due to the reasons (1) to (3) above, a reduction in speed during takeoff and a relatively high buoyancy height can be obtained.

(5) When taking off and landing on the water, by operating the elevator to maintain moment balance, the boat can be maintained in a horizontal state or in a state with a raised pitch of several degrees, allowing for safe takeoff and landing. becomes.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 6 show a tandem vacuum ground effect membrane as an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a side view thereof, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a front view thereof. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the correlation between the propulsion machine and the PAR effect wing, Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the elevation angle (1) and lift coefficient (CL) of the ground effect wing, and Figure 6 is the ground effect wing. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the height (h) from the water surface (or the ground surface) and the lift coefficient (CL), FIG. 7 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 8 is a plan view thereof. 1... Fuselage, 2... Front main wing, 3... Rear main wing, 4...
... End plate (skirt), 5... Vertical stabilizer, 6... Horizontal stabilizer, 7... Elevator, 8... Propulsion machine, II.
··cockpit. Agent Patent Attorney Yoshihiko Iinuma Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Inner 1m Figure 5

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a tandem wing type ground effect wing boat, a fuselage, a front main wing, a rear main wing, and a vertical stabilizer attached to the fuselage;
The left and right end plates are respectively installed between the left and right wing tips of the front main wing and the rear main wing, and a propulsion machine is provided, and the propulsion machine is mounted on the front main wing, and a horizontal stabilizer equipped with an elevator is provided. A tandem wing type ground effect wing boat, characterized in that it is mounted above the rear part of the rear main wing at a position that is not affected by ground effects.