JPH04169686A - Drilling tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the working efficiency by forming an axially extending exhaust hole in the center of a device, allowing the exhaust hole to communicate with an air hole extended and opened to the bottom surface of the device, and forming at least one blow hole for air blow in the device. CONSTITUTION:An exhaust hole 14a in the center of a device 10 is opened to the minor diameter upper end of the device 10. The communicating hole 15b of the device 10 is extended radially outward communicatingly with the top end part of the exhaust hole 15a. Then, an air hole 15c extended and opened to the bottom surface of the device 10 is formed from both the end parts of the communicating hole 15b to the top end side of the device 10. Further, a blow hole 16c is extended and opened to the upper surface of the major diameter part 10B of the device 10. When a piston in a hammer cylinder is fallen, the compressed air pushed out by the hammer piston is blown out through the blow hole 16c.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to an excavation tool used to excavate the ground or earth in various anchor construction works, various drilling works, various foundation pile hole constructions, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to an excavation tool having a blow hole for discharging compressed air to the outside in addition to the air hole provided on the bottom surface of the device.

"Conventional technology" Conventionally, as one of the excavation tools for excavating the ground, earth, etc.
The one described in JP-A-63-11789 is known.

As shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, this excavation tool is characterized by the impact force of the hammer (not shown) and the
Two shaft holes 2a and 2b are formed point-symmetrically with respect to the center of the device 2 on the bottom surface of the device 2 which receives the rotational force of the device 2,
Each shaft hole 2a.

The block shafts 3a and 3b are fitted into the block shafts 2b so as to be rotatable around the shafts and cannot be removed.
Blocks 5a and 5b, each having a substantially semicircular shape with approximately the same diameter as the diameter of the device 2 and having a large number of bits 4 implanted in the tip surface, are attached to each other's straight end surfaces 6a and 6b. are provided facing each other, and the positions of the block shafts 3a and 3b are changed when the device 2 rotates in the excavation direction.

The device 2 is arranged such that one end of each of the blocks 5b protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the device 2 by a predetermined amount of excavation, and at this time, the straight end surfaces 6a and 6b of both blocks abut each other.
It is eccentric from the center.

In the excavation tool, when the device 2 is rotated in the excavation direction X by the hammer cylinder l, the blocks 5a,
5b rotates about the block axes 3a and 3b while receiving excavation resistance, and the block 5a.

One end of the straight end surfaces 6a, 6b of the device 2 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the device 2 by a predetermined amount, and the straight end surfaces 6a, 6
Parts of the blocks 5a and 5b come into contact with each other and the rotation of the blocks 5a and 5b is stopped, and in this state, the blocks 5a and 5b are connected to the device 2.
Under the rotational force of the bit 4, the bit 4 excavates underground, and the impact force of the hammer advances the underground.

At this time, the excavated earth and sand are removed through an air hole 8a provided at the bottom of the device 2, through which compressed air is discharged when the hammer piston falls inside the hammer cylinder 1.

By being blown out from 8b, it is separated from the tip of the excavation tool, and then moves into the excavation vibrator 9 via a discharge groove 9a provided in the device 2, and is discharged further upward from there.

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" Incidentally, in the above-mentioned excavation tool, the air holes 8a and 8b for blowing out compressed air are formed on the bottom surface of the device 2, but the ground to be excavated is a soft mud layer, or Due to other factors etc., the air holes 8a, 8b
There was a drawback that the hammer piston could become stuck and the hole could not be drilled.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a drilling tool that can operate a hammer piston and drill holes even when the air hole on the bottom of the device is clogged.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides block axes on the bottom surface of a device that receives the impact force of the hammer and the rotational force of the hammer cylinder, respectively point-symmetrically with respect to the center of the device. The device is inserted into the device so as to be rotatable around the shaft, and a block having a substantially semicircular shape with the same diameter as the device and having a bit implanted in the end surface is inserted into the tip of each block shaft. such that when the device is rotated in the excavation direction, one end of each of the blocks is positioned a predetermined distance #A from the outer peripheral surface of the device. A drilling tool that protrudes and is eccentric from the center of the device so that the straight end surfaces of both blocks come into contact with each other when the diameter of the block is expanded, wherein an exhaust hole extending in the axial direction is formed in the center of the device; The device is characterized in that the exhaust hole is communicated with an air hole that reaches the bottom surface of the device via a communication hole, and that at least one blow hole for air blowing is formed in the device.

"Operation" In the present invention, when the piston in the hammer cylinder falls, the compressed air pushed out by the hammer piston is blown out from the blow hole, so that the air hole at the tip of the device is not clogged by the soft layer or other factors. Even if a problem occurs, compressed air is blown out from a blow hole separate from the air hole, so the operation of the hammer piston will not stop and the drilling work will not be impaired.

"Example" Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 to 14 show one embodiment of the present invention, and the excavation tool shown in the figures basically has the same effect as the impact force of the hammer, similar to the excavation tool shown in FIGS. 15 to 17. A block shaft 20 is fitted into the bottom surface of the device 10 which receives the rotational force of the hammer cylinder so as to be freely rotatable around the axis in a point symmetrical manner with respect to the center of the device 10, and the tip of each block shaft 20 is A block 22 having a substantially semicircular shape with the same diameter as the device 10 and having a bit 21 implanted in its tip face is provided with each straight end face 22a facing each other, and the position of the block shaft 20 is adjusted. , when the device IO rotates in the excavation direction, both the blocks 22
The center of the device 10 is set such that one end of both protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the device 10 by a predetermined amount of excavation, and the straight end surfaces 22a of both blocks 22 abut against each other when the diameter of the block 22 is expanded. The basic configuration is made eccentric from the center.

However, in the present invention, an exhaust hole 15a extending in the axial direction is formed at the center of the device 10, and this exhaust hole 15a is communicated with an air hole 15c that reaches the bottom surface of the device 10 and opens through a communication hole 15b. Furthermore, the device is characterized in that at least one blow hole 16c for discharging compressed air is formed between the communication hole 15b and the outer surface of the device.

Below is a detailed explanation of the main components of the excavation tool.
First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the device 10 includes a small diameter portion 10A having a spline groove 12 on the outer peripheral surface;
Large diameter portion 1 provided with insertion hole 11 into which block shaft 20 is inserted
0B, and a flange portion 13 is integrally provided on the outer circumferential surface of the large diameter portion 10B, and the flange portion 13 is integrally provided on the outer circumferential surface of the large diameter portion 10B, and the flange portion 13 is fitted to the pull-out stopper vibrator 31 provided on the inner periphery of the tip of the excavating vibrator 30. A discharge groove 14 is formed for discharging excavated debris upward.

The exhaust hole 15a at the center of the device 10 opens at the upper end of the small diameter part of the device 10, and compressed air discharged when the hammer piston falls flows into the opening from this opening. .

Further, the communication hole 15b of the device 10 communicates with the tip of the exhaust hole 15a and extends radially outward.
The air hole 15c is formed to reach the bottom surface of the device shaft 10 from both ends of the device 10 toward the tip side of the device IO. A notch 15d is provided at the tip of the air hole 15c between the bottom surface of the device and the outer peripheral surface, which communicates with the discharge groove 14 and the air hole 15c, respectively.

Further, a circumferential groove 16a that goes around the device 10 in the circumferential direction is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the device 10 located near the flange portion 13 of the device 10, and the circumferential groove 16a is formed inside the device 10. A communication hole 16b is provided that communicates the exhaust hole 15a with the exhaust hole 15a (see FIG. 2).

On the other hand, in the embodiment, the blow hole 16c reaches the upper surface of the large diameter portion 10B of the device 10 and opens.
The hammer H is designed to prevent the compressed air from escaping and the hammer H from stopping when 5c becomes clogged.

Note that, as shown in FIG. 2, this blow hole 16c is located outside the hammer H and is open, so that when the hammer H is lowered, the blow hole 16c is not blocked by the hammer H. has been done.

Now, the insertion hole 11 is formed to be offset from the center of the device 10 and point symmetrical with respect to the center of the device 10, and more specifically, as shown in FIG. The center G is set and provided so that it is located at a position of a length T that is approximately 1/4 of the distance l between the block ends from the center position C of the bottom surface of the device.

A block shaft 20 is fitted into the insertion hole 11 so as to be rotatable and prevented from being removed, and the block shaft 20 is prevented from being removed, for example, when the block shaft 20 is inserted into the insertion hole 11. The locking pin 17 is inserted through the pin hole 18 of the device 10, and the locking pin 17 engages with a notch 20a formed on the outer circumference of the block shaft 20.

Next, the structure of the block shaft 20 and the block 22 will be explained. The block shaft 20 and the block 22 are provided perpendicularly to each other, and the block shaft 20 and the block 22 may be formed integrally. It is also possible to construct them separately and connect them with bolts or the like.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the length of the block shaft 20 is 1.5 of the outer diameter of the block shaft 20.
The outer periphery of the block shaft 20 has a notch 20a into which the locking pin 17 is inserted, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. is formed. This notch 20a has a structure in which the outer periphery of the block shaft 20 is cut out only at a position corresponding to the rotation angle of the block 22, and the axis of the block shaft 22 is smaller than the diameter a of the locking pin 17. It has a basic structure with a long cutout in the direction. In reality, the notch 20a is set to have a size of about 1/3 of the outer diameter of the locking pin 17, and more specifically, it is formed to have a size of about 4 to 8 mm. be.

On the other hand, each of the blocks 22 has the same shape that is substantially fan-shaped (semi-circular in the embodiment) when viewed from the bottom, and the radius of the fan-shape is set to approximately the same value as the radius of the device 10. The blocks 22 are arranged so that their straight end faces 22a face each other and the arcuate portions 22b of the blocks form a substantially circle as a whole.

A first inclined surface 22c is formed on the outer periphery of the distal end surface (bottom surface) of the block 22, and the first inclined surface 22c is gradually inclined toward the proximal end side in the axial direction of the device 10 as it goes outward. This first inclined surface 2 is provided on the outer periphery of 22c.
A second inclined surface 22d is formed which is inclined toward the base end side in the axial direction of the device 10 at an inclination angle different from that of the second inclined surface 22c.

Further, when the device 10 rotates in the excavation direction, the end of the straight end surface 22a of the block 22 protruding from the outer circumferential surface of the device 10 is gradually attached to the base end in the axial direction of the device 10 as it goes forward in the rotation direction. The third slope slopes towards
An inclined surface 22e is formed (see FIG. 8).

Then, the tip surface of the block 22 and the first to third
A plurality of bits 21 made of carbide tips are installed perpendicularly to the inclined surfaces 22c, 22d, and 22e, respectively.

Incidentally, in the embodiment, the negative portions of these bits 21... are located near the straight end surface 22a of the block 22 and are planted along the straight end surface 22a, and the bits 22a near these straight end surfaces Of these, both blocks 22
Bits located outside the arcuate portion 22b of one block 22 at a position where one end of each of the two protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the device by a predetermined amount of excavation (in the embodiment, the bit is located on the third inclined surface 22e). As shown in FIG. 8, the vertex R of the bit (bit) is positioned outward from the extension line A-B extending along the curvature of the outer surface of the block.

Further, in the embodiment, the bottom surface (tip surface) of both blocks 22 is
and the straight end surface 22a, when one end of both blocks 22 protrudes from the outer circumferential surface of the device 10 by a predetermined amount of excavation, the device is disposed opposite to each other at the center of the block 22. 10 and a concentric recess 25
A recessed portion 22f is formed, respectively. In the embodiment, the concave portion 22f is composed of a circular bottom portion and a tapered surface that slopes upward from the bottom portion, but this shape is not limited to the embodiment. The shape shown in the figure and FIG. 12 may be used.

Incidentally, FIG. 11 shows a configuration in which only a tapered surface is formed, and FIG. 12 shows a configuration in which the tapered surface is eliminated and a wall portion extending approximately perpendicularly from the bottom surface is formed.

Note that, on the upper surface of the block 22, as shown in detail in FIG.
g is located at the center of the block, and a relief portion 22h formed one step lower than the contact portion 22g is provided on the outside of the contact portion 22g, and further, a relief portion 22h is provided at the outside of the contact portion 22g, and further, a relief portion 22h is formed to be lower than the contact portion 22g. The starting end is between the contact portion 22h and the contact portion 22h.
An inclined surface 22j is formed at the same height as 2g and whose terminal end is at the same height as the relief portion 22h.

Next, the configuration of the excavation pipe 30 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. It is formed into a cylindrical shape large enough to insert the device 10, and its tip A removable vibrator 31 is integrally fixed to the inner periphery.

A flange portion 31a that comes into contact with the tip of the excavation vibrator 30 is provided on the outer periphery of the extraction stopper vibrator 31, and
The flange portion 31a is welded to the tip of the excavation vibrator 30 by a welding portion S over the entire circumference. Further, the non-displacement vibrator 31 has a notch hole 31b extending in the axial direction thereof and communicating with the inside and outside of the non-disposal vibrator 31.
is formed, and the retaining vibrator 31 and the excavating vibrator 30 are welded together at a welding portion S through this notch hole 31b.

Next, the operation of the excavation tool having the above configuration will be explained.

As shown in FIG. 1, etc., in order to attach the block 22 to the bottom surface of the device 10, first, the block shaft 20 and the block 22 are integrated, and the straight end surface of the block 22 is inserted into the insertion hole 11 on the bottom surface of the device 10. 22a are arranged so as to face each other, and the block shaft 20 is inserted.

Next, the engagement bottle 17 is inserted through the bottle hole 18 of the device 10.
When the block shaft 2 is inserted and fixed, the block shaft 2 is inserted into the engagement pin 17.
0 are engaged, and the block and device are assembled, as shown in FIG.

This assembly involves inserting the block shaft 2 into the insertion hole 11 of the device 10.
0 and engage the engagement pin 17, and since the two block shafts 20 can be locked with one locking pin 17, the workability can be improved. There is.

In the excavation tool as described above, when the hammer cylinder receives a driving force and is rotated in the direction of arrow X, the device 10, block shaft 20, and block 22 also rotate integrally in the same direction.

Furthermore, when the hammer piston disposed in the hammer cylinder is driven and a downward impact force is applied to the device 10, the block 22 is pushed into the ground and the bit 2 is driven by the rotational force.
1 excavates the earth and stone.

Block 2 with hammer cylinder and device 10
2 rotates in the excavation direction, the block 22 rotates around the block axis 20 due to excavation resistance, and one end of the right upper end surface of the block 22 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the device 10, and this portion functions as the outer peripheral blade A.

Further, when the blocks 22 rotate, the end surfaces 22a directly above each block abut each other, and these act as stoppers to restrict further rotation of each block. In this state, the block 22 receives the rotational force of the device 10 and excavates underground using the peripheral blade A and the like.

At this time, as the hammer piston falls, compressed air flows in from the exhaust hole 15a and is blown out from the air hole 15c, removing the excavated debris. Air hole 1
Since a notch 15d communicating with the discharge groove 14 is formed at the tip of the groove 5c, a portion of the compressed air flows directly as shown by the arrow in Fig. 5, assisting in the discharge of excavated debris. Debris can be removed efficiently.

In addition, in the embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14,
When the hammer piston falls, a part of the compressed air passes through the communication hole 16b, flows into the circumferential groove 16a, and is exhausted to the outside, so that it is not applied to the lower surface (contact surface) of the flange portion 13 of the device 10. This has the advantage of preventing the intrusion of excavated debris and protecting the device contact surface.

In addition, a concave portion 22f is formed in each block 22 during excavation, and a concave portion 25 is formed at the center of each block 22 when the diameter of the block 22 is expanded, so that the block 22 sinks into the rock during drilling. Good excavation is possible with less rattling during excavation, and the force Fb of the propulsive force generated in the recess 25 acts in the radial direction on the outer peripheral blade A, as shown in FIG. Since it works to counteract this, neck breakage can be effectively prevented and tool life can be extended.

In addition, in the embodiment, some of the plurality of bits 21 planted on the tip surface of the block 22 are located near the straight end surface of the block 22 and planted along the straight end surface, and Among the bits 21 near these straight end faces, one end of each of the blocks 22 is located outside the outer surface of one of the blocks 22 at a position where each of the two blocks 22 protrudes by a predetermined amount of excavation from the outer peripheral surface of the device. As shown in FIG. 8, the apex of the bit 21 is positioned outward from the extension line A-B extending along the curvature of the outer surface of the block, so that no impact force is applied to the block 22 during excavation. When applied, the force can be applied in the radially outward direction of the device 10, and there is an advantage that the force acting on the peripheral blade A can be borne. Moreover, since the bit 21 located on the extension line A-B can be operated in an outward direction, wear of the bit can be reduced and the tool life can be extended.

Furthermore, when the piston in the hammer cylinder falls, the compressed air pushed out by the hammer piston is discharged through the exhaust hole 15.
a, passes through the communication hole 15b, and is blown out from the blow hole 16c. Therefore, even if the air hole 15c at the tip of the device becomes clogged due to a layer of soft mud or other factors, the compressed air will still be blown out from the blow hole 16c. Therefore, the operation of the piston does not stop, and the drilling work is not impaired, so that the work efficiency can be improved.

In addition, due to the above-mentioned excavation, the bottom surface of the device is reduced by the impact, or the length of the device becomes smaller than the original one due to rework due to damage to the impact surface. The notch 22a into which the locking pin 17 is inserted is larger than the diameter of the locking pin 17 on the block shaft 20.
Since the locking pin 17 is formed to be long in the axial direction, even if the length dimension of the device 10 is shortened, the shearing force acting on the locking pin 17 does not increase, and the locking pin 17
It has the advantage of being able to prevent shaft breakage.

Moreover, in the embodiment, the cutout portion 22a is
Since it has a notch structure in which only the zero rotation range is cut, there is an advantage that the cross-sectional defect of the block shaft 20 can be reduced, and the strength of the block shaft 20 can be improved.

In addition, in the embodiment, a flange portion 3a is provided on the outer periphery of the extraction stopper vibrator 31, and the flange portion 3a that contacts the tip of the excavation vibrator 30 is welded to the tip of the excavation pipe 30 over the entire circumference. A notch hole 31b is formed in the non-extraction vibrator 31 and extends in the axial direction thereof and communicates with the inside and outside of the non-extraction vibrator, and the non-extraction vibrator 31 and the excavation vibrator 30 are inserted through the notch hole 31b. Because they are welded together, the pull-out stopper vibe 31 and the excavation vibe 30 can be firmly fixed together. In particular, the pull-out stopper vibe 31 has a cutout hole that communicates with the inside and outside of the pull-out stopper vibe 31. By welding at the position 31b, the tightening by welding is effective at this part, so there is an advantage that the pull-out prevention vibe 31 and the excavation vibe 30 can be more firmly fixed.

After the excavation is completed, the hammer cylinder is rotated in the opposite direction to the excavation direction, but at this time, each block 22
The block 22 rotates in a direction opposite to that during excavation, and as shown in FIG. 9 and the like, the arcuate portion 22b located at the outermost periphery of the block 22 is located at the same level as the bottom surface of the device 10 or inside it.

In this way, the excavating tool can be slid inside the excavating vibrator 30, so that the excavating tool can be pulled out by pulling the hammer cylinder upward.

Note that during the diameter reduction operation of the block 22 as described above, the air hole 15c on the bottom of the device is temporarily blocked by the block 22 during the diameter reduction of the block 22. Since a notch 1.5d is formed that opens on the side surface of the block, compressed air can be exhausted to the outside through the notch 15d, and the compressed air can also be blown out onto the contact surface between the device and the block. This has the effect of effectively removing excavated debris from these contact surfaces and eliminating resistance during block contraction.

In addition, in the embodiment, the device 1 is provided on the top surface of the block 22.
A contact portion 22g that contacts the bottom surface of the block 22 is provided at the center of the block 22, and a relief portion 2 is formed on the outside of the contact portion 22g to be one step lower than the contact portion 22g.
2h is provided between the abutting portion 22g and the relief portion 22h, and a slope whose starting end is at the same height as the abutting portion 22g and whose terminal end is at the same height as the relief portion 22h is provided. Side 2
2j is formed, even when the block 22 is contracted and pulled up into the excavation vibrator 30, the block 22 can be easily pulled up along the inclined surface 22j. Even if curling occurs, the relief portion 22h is formed one step lower than the abutting portion 22g, so it will not hinder the lifting of the block 22, and work efficiency on site can be improved. effective.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, according to the present invention, when the piston in the hammer cylinder falls, the compressed air pushed out by the hammer piston is blown out from the blow hole, so that the air hole at the tip of the device is covered with soft mud. Even if a problem occurs such as a blockage caused by a layer or other factors, the compressed air is blown out through a blow hole that is separate from the air hole, so the hammer piston will not stop working and the drilling work will not be impaired. It is possible to improve the work efficiency.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 14 show one embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the entire excavation tool, and FIG.
The figure is a half-sectional view showing the entire excavation tool, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the device in an enlarged state, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the bottom of the device, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the device and block.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the block, Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the state of engagement between the block shaft and the locking pin, Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the block in its enlarged state, and Fig. 9 is a contracted block. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the block;
and FIG. 12 are cross-sectional views shown to explain other shapes of the recess, respectively, and FIGS. 13 and 14 are side views shown to explain the action of the contact surfaces of the device and the excavation vibrator. 15 to 17 show an example of a conventional excavation tool, FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the excavation tool, FIG.
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the bottom surface of each block. G: Axial center, C: Center of device,
10...device, 11...insertion hole,
13... Flange portion, 14... Exhaust groove, 15a... Exhaust hole, 15b... Communication hole, 15c... Air hole, 15d...Notch, 16a...Peripheral groove, 16b...Communication hole, 16c...Blow hole, 17...
Locking bottle, 18... Bottle hole, 20...
Block shaft, 20a...notch, 21...
...Bit, 22...Block, 22a...
...straight end surface, 22c, 22d, 22e-slanted surface, 2
2f... Concave portion, 25... Concave portion, 30
...Drilling vibrator, 31... Stop pulling out vibrator.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] Each block is fitted into the bottom surface of a device that receives the impact force of the hammer and the rotational force of the hammer cylinder so as to be freely rotatable around a block axis, point symmetrical with respect to the center of the device. At the tip of the shaft, a block having a substantially semicircular shape with approximately the same diameter as the device and having a bit implanted in the tip surface is provided with each straight end surface facing each other, and the position of the block shaft is adjusted. , when the device rotates in the excavation direction, one end of each of the blocks protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the device by a predetermined amount of excavation, and when the block is expanded in diameter, the ends of both blocks protrude directly from each other when the diameter of the block is expanded. An excavating tool whose end surfaces are eccentric from the center of the device so that they abut each other, an exhaust hole extending in the axial direction is formed in the center of the device, and this exhaust hole is communicated with an air hole that reaches the bottom of the device and opens. An excavation tool, characterized in that the device communicates with each other through a hole, and further has at least one blow hole for air blowing formed in the device.